FOOD RESOURCEMain Food Resource - Wheat, Rice, Maize, Barley, Pulses, Cereals,Potato, Sugarcane, Sorghum, Oats, Millet, Cassava, Vegetables, Milk,

Sea food

IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY

DEFICIENCY HEALTH EFFECTS DEATHS Per YEAR ( in millions)

Proteins Stunted growth, Kwashiorkor, marasmus

15-20

Iron Anaemia, retardation of growth 0.75-1.00

Iodine, Vitamin A Goitre, cretinism, night blindness 0.40-0.50

CROP PRODUCTION are affected by• Rainfall• Climate• Soil texture• Overgrazing (a) Land degradation (b) Loss of useful Species (c) Soil erosion

• Traditional Agriculture (a) Deforestation (b) Depletion of nutrients• Modern Agriculture (a) Fertilizers related problems (b) Eutrophication (c) Nitrate Pollution (d) Pesticide related Problems (e) Inducing Pest resistance species

(f) Biological magnification or Biological amplification(g) Impacts from high yielding varieties(h) Water Logging(i) Salinity problems

• Salinity in Haryana and Punjab

Water Logging in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan

Mineral ResourcesMinerals are naturally occurring substances that originally came from rock, such as phosphorous, bauxite, iron, salt, gold, silver, copper, and potassium. Many minerals are essential for the healthy growth of plants and animals.

Categories of Minerals• Non-metallic minerals e.g graphite, diamond, quartz, feldspar• Metallic minerals e.g bauxite, laterite, haematite• Energy generating minerals coal, oil and natural gas

CRITICAL Minerals - Minerals essential for the economy ( Fe, Al, Cu, Au )STRATEGIC Minerals - Minerals required for the defence of a country ( Cr, Co, Pt, Mn )

USES & EXPLOITATION of Mineral Resources• Development of Industrial plants and machinery.• Generation of Energy e.g coal, Lignite & Uranium.• Construction , Housing, Settlements.• Defence equipments - weapons , armaments.• Transportation means.• Communication - telephone wires, cables, electronic devices.• Medicinal system – particularly in Ayurvedic therapy.• Formation of Alloys for various purposes (e.g Phosphorite).• Agriculture – as fertilizers, seed dressings and fungicides (e.g., Zined

containing zinc, Maneb-containing manganese etc. ).• Jewellery e.g. gold, silver, platinum, diamond

Major uses of some mineralsMetallic minerals Major uses

Iron Heavy machinery, steel production and transportation means.Aluminum Packaging food items, transportation, utensils, electronics.Chromium In making high strength steel alloys and in textile and tanning industriesCopper Electric and electronic goods, cables and vessels.Lead Leaded gasoline, car batteries, paints, ammunition.Manganese For making high strength, heat resistant steel alloys.Platinum Use in automobiles, catalytic converters, electronics, medical uses.Gold Ornaments, medical use, electronics and in aerospace.Silver Photography, electronics and jewellery.

Nonmetallic mineralsSilicate minerals Sand and gravel for construction, bricks, paving's etc.Limestone Used for concrete, building stone, used in agriculture for neutralizing acid soils,

used in cement industry.

Potash Used as fertilizers.sulfur Used in medicines, car batteries and in industry.

Mining

Impact of mining

activities

Ecological impacts

Negative socio-economic impacts

Physical impacts

Occupational health impacts

Environmental pollution

Positive socio-economic impacts

Impacts of Mining• Devegetation of landscape• Subsidence of land• Ground water contamination• Surface water pollution• Air pollution• Dust and noise pollution• Occupational health hazards• Ecological damage

Indian scenario of mining impact• Jaduguda uranium mine, Jharkhand. Exposed locals to radioactive

hazards.• Jharia coal mines, Jharkhand. Underground firing leading to land

subsidence and forced displacement of people.• Sukinda chromite mines, Orissa. Seepage of Cr(VI) into river. Toxic

and carcinogenic.• Kudremukh iron ore mine, Karnataka. River pollution and threat to

biodiversity.• East coast bauxite mine, Orissa. Land encroachment and unsettled

rehabilitation.• North-eastern coal fields, Assam. High sulfur contamination of

ground water.

Remedial Strategies• Storage of top soil and fertile land• Water retentivity• Improvement of hydrological regime• Selection of ecologically suitable species• Natural Regeneration• Enlisting people’s participation and social fencing

Conservation of mineral resources• Economy in the use of mineral resources.• Making finished products to last longer.• Use of less precious substitutes.• Renovation, recycling and reuse of metals.• Applying effective techniques to recover materials from minerals.• Search of new earths treasures.• Protection of existing mineral deposits.