Resilient(Modulus(of(Wisconsin(Fine1 grainedSoils - … · Resilient(Modulus(of(Wisconsin(Fine1...

Resilient Modulus of Wisconsin Fine-‐grained Soils

Hani Ti8, Ph.D., P.E., M. ASCE

Associate Professor

Department of Civil Engineering & Mechanics

University of Wisconsin-‐Milwaukee

Ryan English, M.Sc

Former UW-‐Milwaukee Graduate Student

Currently, Gestra Engineering

Research Project Funded by

Wisconsin Highway Research Program (WHRP)

Wisconsin Department of Transporta8on

Acknowledgement

•  WisDOT and WHRP Financial Support •  Mr. Bob Arndorfer, Past Chair, WHRP Geotechnical TOC

•  Mr. Dan Reid •  Chair and Geotechnical TOC members •  Mohammed Elias, FHWA (Former UW-‐Milwaukee Ph.D., student)

•  Aaron Coenen, (Former UW-‐Milwaukee M.SC., student) UIUC

2

Outline

•  Introduc8on •  Background •  Laboratory Tests Procedures •  Results – Laboratory Results – Sta8s8cal Analysis Results

•  Conclusions and Recommenda8ons

3

Objec8ve

•  Conduct repeated load triaxial tests to determine the resilient modulus of Wisconsin fine-‐grained soils.

•  Develop/modify resilient modulus correla8ons (models) proposed by Ti8 et al. (2006) between the resilient modulus cons8tu8ve model parameters (k1, k2, and k3) and basic soil proper8es.

4

STH 32 – Three Lakes

5

Introduc8on

•  M-‐E Pavement Design was developed recently – Requires resilient modulus of subgrade soil

•  Currently Wisconsin Department of Transporta8on (WisDOT) uses AASHTO 1972 Guide for pavement design – Uses Soil Support Values (SSV) for subgrade soil

•  WisDOT is currently in the process of implemen8ng M-‐E Pavement Design Guide

6

AASHTO Mechanis8c-‐Empirical Design Input Parameters

•  Level 1 –  Sample soil and conduct laboratory tes8ng –  site/project specific –  Highest confidence and reliability –  Increased cost

•  Level 2 – –  Intermediate accuracy –  Use developed correla8ons –  Focus of research

•  Level 3 –  Least accurate –  Use average values for the region –  Low volume roadways 7

Resilient Modulus

•  Laboratory Tes8ng –  Repeated Load Triaxial Test (AASHTO T307)

•  Field Tes8ng –  Falling Weight Deflectometer –  Light Weight Deflectometer – GeoGauge

•  Resilient Modulus

σd = deviator stress εr = recoverable strain 8

AASHTO T 307

•  “Standard Method of Test for Determining the Resilient Modulus of Soils and Aggregate Materials”

•  Developed to simulate traffic loading on pavement materials

•  Cyclic load on cylindrical soil specimen

•  1 cycle is 1 sec –  0.1 sec loaded –  0.9 sec rest (contact load)

9

Repeated Load Triaxial Test System

•  INSTRON FastTrack 8802 –  Servo-‐hydraulic dynamic materials tes8ng system

–  Digital controlled to update PID values for the different soil specimens

•  Frame Capacity (56 kips) •  Acuator –  150mm (6in) stroke –  250kN (56 Kips)

•  Dynamic Load cell –  ±1kN (224 lbs) capacity –  Integral acceleromter

10

AASHTO Mechanis8c-‐Empirical Design

•  M-‐E Design Guide uses the Resilient Modulus model from the NCHRP project 1-‐37A

–  σb = bulk stress (σ1+σ2+σ3) –  σ1 = Major principal stress –  σ2, σ3 = Minor principal stress (confining pressure) –  k1, k2, and k3 = material model parameters correlated to soil proper8es

–  Pa= atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa)

11

Inves8gated Soils

13

Soil Name Sample ID County

Fond du Lac-1 F-1 Fond du Lac

Dodge-1 D-1 Dodge

Highland-1 H-1 Iowa

Highland-2 H-2 Iowa

Highland-3 H-3 Iowa

Lincoln-1 Linc-1 Lincoln

Racine-1 R-1 Racine

Deer Creek-1A DC-1A Ashland

Deer Creek-1B DC-1B Ashland

Superior-1 Sup-1 Douglas

Winnebago-2 W-2 Winnebago



Inves8gated Soils -‐ Loca8ons

14

Soil Property Tests

16

Soil Property Standard Test Designation Particle Size Analysis AASHTO T88-00: Particle Size Analysis of

Soils Liquid Limits AASHTO T89-02: Determining the Liquid

Limit of Soils Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index AASHTO T90-00: Determining the Plastic

Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils Specific Gravity AASHTO 100-03: Specific Gravity of Soils Compaction AASHTO T99-01: Moisture-Density

Relations of Soils Using a 2.5kg 95.5lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop

ASTM Soil Classification (USCS) ASTM D2487-93: Standard Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes

AASHTO Soil Classification AASHTO M 145-91 (2000): Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes

Resilient Modulus -‐ AASHTO T307

•  Repeated Load Triaxial Test – AASHTO T 307: Standard Method of Test for Determining the Resilient Modulus of Soils and Aggregate Materials

17


•  Sample Prepara8on – Sta8c compac8on method – Special designed split mold – 5 equal lios – Dimensions of the soil specimen are 2.8 inch diameter, 5.6 inches for fine grained soils

18

•  Triaxial Cell Setup •  Porous Stone, Filter Paper •  Membrane Placement

•  Triaxial Cell Assembly

19


•  Condi8oning Stage •  15 Sequences – 3 confining pressures (41.4, 27.6, 13.8 kPa) – 5 sequences per confining pressure – Deviator stress (12.4, 24.8, 37.3, 49.7 kPa)

20


Computer Sooware – Inputs

21

Computer sooware

22

Results – AASHTO T307

23

Soil Proper8es

Soil Name (Soil ID) Test #

Passing Sieve #200 (%)

Liquid Limit

LL (%)

Plastic Limit

PL (%)

Plasticity Index PI (%)

Specific Gravity

GS

Optimum Moisture Content wopt (%)

Maximum Dry Unit Weight Soil Classification

γdmax (kN/m3)

γdmax (pcf) USCS

Group Index (GI)

AASHTO

Fond du Lac-1 (F-1)

1 92.0 54.5 32.0 23.0 2.53 20.5 16.3 103.8 MH Elastic Silt 26

A-7 Clayey

Soil

2 90.0 56.5 35.0 21.0 2.85 22.0 15.7 100.0 MH Elastic Silt 24

A-7 Clayey

Soil

Deer Creek-1A (DC-1A)

1 85.1 47.8 25.3 22.5 2.86 16.0 16.9 107.9 CL Lean Clay 21

A-7 Clayey

Soil

2 81.0 41.0 25.7 15.0 2.48 17.0 16.8 107.7 CL

Lean Clay with Sand

13 A-7

Clayey Soil

Deer Creek-1B (DC-1B)

1 75.8 43.7 24.4 19.3 2.62 16.0 17.3 110.0 CL

Lean Clay with Sand

15 A-7

Clayey Soil

2 85.0 42.0 25.5 16.5 2.38 17.0 16.9 108.0 CL Lean Clay 22

A-7 Clayey

Soil

Superior-1 (Sup-1)

1 80.3 60.8 22.8 23.0 2.55 24.5 14.8 94.2 MH

Elastic Silt with Sand

22 A-7-5 Clayey

Soil

2 89.0 66.0 36.4 30.0 2.73 24.5 14.8 94.2 MH

Elastic Silt with Sand

33 A-7-5 Clayey

Soil 24

Soil Proper8es

25

Soil Name Test #


Liquid Limit

LL (%)

Plastic Limit

PL (%)


Specific Gravity

GS


Maximum Dry Unit Weight

Soil Classification

γdmax (kN/m3)

γdmax (pcf)

USCS Group Index (GI)

AASHTO

Racine-1 (R-1)

1 90.4 37.3 23.3 14.0 2.60 16.6 17.3 109.9 CL Lean

Clay 11

A-6 Clayey

Soil

2 81.0 33.5 22.1 11.4 2.52 15.3 17.6 112.2 CL Lean Clay with

Sand 9

A-6 Clayey

Soil

Highland-1 (H-1)

1 82.0 37.0 21.0 16.0 2.71 17.0 16.5 105.0 CL Lean Clay with

Sand 13

A-6 Clayey

Soil

2 84.5 37.0 23.0 13.0 2.77 14.5 16.9 107.3 CL Lean Clay with

Sand 11

A-6 Clayey

Soil

Highland-2 (H-2)

1 78.7 36.0 24.0 12.0 2.70 15.0 17.3 110.0 CL Lean Clay with

Sand 9

A-6 Clayey

Soil

2 85.2 38.0 24.0 14.0 2.84 14.0 17.4 111.0 CL Lean

Clay 12

A-6 Clayey

Soil

Highland-3 (H-3)

1 87.5 56.5 23.3 33.2 2.56 22.0 15.6 99.0 CH

Fat Clay 32

A-7-6 Clayey

Soil

2 87.4 59.8 28.5 31.3 2.49 24.0 15.4 98.0 CH

Fat Clay 24

A-7-6 Clayey

Soil

Soil Proper8es

26

Soil Name Test #


Liquid Limit

LL (%)

Plastic Limit

PL (%)


Specific Gravity

GS



Soil Classification

γdmax (kN/m3)

γdmax (pcf)


AASHTO

Winnebago-2 (W-2)

1 92.1 64.5 35.0 29.0 2.82 23.0 14.9 95.0 MH

Elastic Silt 33

A-7 Clayey

Soil

2 98.1 62.0 36.0 26.0 2.58 26.0 14.8 94.3 MH

Elastic Silt 33

A-7 Clayey

Soil

Winnebago-3 (W-3)

1 87.2 41.5 26.8 14.8 2.82 22.0 16.0 101.5 ML Silt

14 A-7

Clayey Soil

2 84.2 43.8 26.4 17.4 2.85 23.0 15.7 99.5 CL

Lean Clay with Sand

23 A-7

Clayey Soil

Winnebago-4 (W-4)

1 83.3 60.5 29.3 31.0 2.69 21.0 15.7 100.0 CH

Fat Clay with Sand

29 A-7

Clayey Soil

2 85.9 60.5 27.3 33.0 2.58 NA NA NA CH

Fat Clay 32

A-7 Clayey

Soil

Dodge-1 (D-1)

1 79.2 34.0 23.6 11.4 2.49 17.0 16.8 107.0 CL- Lean Clay with

Sand 8

A-4 Silty Soil

2 77.3 33.0 22.6 10.4 2.60 16.5 15.8 100.5 CL- Lean Clay with

Sand 7

A-4 Silty Soil

Soil Proper8es

27

Soil Name Test #


Liquid Limit

LL (%)

Plastic Limit

PL (%)


Specific Gravity

GS



Soil Classification

γdmax (kN/m3)

γdmax (pcf)


AASHTO

Lincoln-1 (Linc-1)

1 56.8 25.0 19.0 6.0 2.81 10.5 18.9 120.0

CL-ML Sandy

Silty Clay with

Gravel

1 A-4

Silty Soil

2 54.7 25.0 18.0 7.0 2.76 10.0 19.2 122.0

CL-ML Sandy

Silty Clay with

Gravel

1 A-4

Silty Soil

Results – Grain Size Distribu8on

28

P200 Line

Soil Proper8es

•  Grain size distribu8on for soil Lincoln-‐1

29

Soil Proper8es

•  Compac8on for soil Lincoln-‐1

30

Resilient Modulus

31

Lincoln-‐1

32

Dry Side

Op8mum

Wet Side

Sta8s8cal Analysis

•  Resilient modulus model NCHRP project 1-‐37A

•  Transformed equa8on for sta8s8cal analysis

33

ki Histograms

34

Sta8s8cal Analysis

•  ki parameters determined from test results

35

Probability of Occurrence

36

Probability of Occurrence

37

Model Parameters – All Soils

38

Resilient Modulus – Predicted vs Measured – All Soils

39

Resilient Modulus – Predicted vs Measured – A4 Soils

40


41


42

Resilient Modulus – Averages – All Soils

43

Resilient Modulus – Averages – All Soils

44

Summary & Conclusions

•  Laboratory test procedures were conducted on Wisconsin fine-‐grained soils to determine soil proper8es

•  Repeatability study performed for high quality test data

•  Equa8ons developed to es8mate resilient modulus values (M-‐E Design Guide level 2)

•  Resilient Modulus database was developed (M-‐E Design Guide level 3)

45

Recommenda8ons

•  Use resilient modulus test database in absence of any basic soil tes8ng

•  Use equa8ons provided from this study to es8mate resilient modulus values based on available tes8ng

•  Explore field devices to determine subgrade modulus in the field

•  Explore freeze-‐thaw cycles on Wisconsin subgrade soils

46

Ques8ons?

47

Resilient(Modulus(of(Wisconsin(Fine1 grainedSoils - … · Resilient(Modulus(of(Wisconsin(Fine1...

Documents

Transcript of Resilient(Modulus(of(Wisconsin(Fine1 grainedSoils - … · Resilient(Modulus(of(Wisconsin(Fine1...