Residential and Industrial Energy Audit Management with ETAP Report/EA03.pdfManagement with ETAP...

Residential and Industrial Energy Audit

Management with ETAP

Intermediate Project Report – March 2015

Energy Efficiency Research Group

An International Energy Research Foundation

Since 2015

GREEN9

Residential and Industrial Energy Audit

Management with ETAP

Intermediate Project Report – March 2015

Authors

Ajit Kumar Yadav and Harshjeet Rai

Member, Energy Efficiency Research Group

Member, MGR Vision 10MW, Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute

L. Ramesh

Board of Director, Energy Efficiency Research Group

Director, MGR Vision 10MW, Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute

GREEN9 publication ai503- June 2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to express our sincere attitude to Thiru. A.C.S. Arunkumar, the President Dr. M.

G. R Educational and Research institute university, Maduravoyal, Chennai and also wish our

extended gratitude to Dr. Meer Musfthafa Hussain - Vice Chancellor, Dr. Gopalakrishanan -

Rector and Dr. Cyril Raj - Dean Engineering and Technology for providing us an opportunity to

do our project work on “Residential and Industrial Energy Audit and management with ETAP”

We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to our

guide Prof. L. Ramesh Addl. Dean Engineering & technology, & Project Co-ordinator Er.

S.Bhuvaneswari for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement

throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time

shall carry us a long way in the journey of life on which we are about to embark.

We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to the Head of the

Department Er. Sheeba Percis for her continuous support in completion of the Project.

We are obliged to all the staff members of Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering & We are grateful for their cooperation during the period of our assignment.

Lastly, we thank almighty, our Parents, B.Tech friends for their constant encouragement

without which this assignment would not be possible.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ch. No. TITLE PAGE NO.

List of Figures

List of Tables

01 INTRODUCTION

1.1 ENERGY PROBLEM 1

1.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION 2

1.3 ENERGY AUDIT 2

1.4 TYPE OF ENERGY AUDIT 3

1.4.1 PRELIMINARY ENERGY AUDIT METHODOLOGY 3

1.4.2 DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT METHODOLOGY 3

02 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6

2.2 PROPOSED WORK 13

03 PROCEDURE

3.1 A RESIDENTIAL HOME AUDIT WITH ETAP 16

3.2 INDUSTRIAL AUDIT 18

04 DATA MONITORING

4.1 MONITORING OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSE 20

4.2 MONITORING OF RESIDENTIAL FLATS 26

4.3 MONITORING OF INDUSTRY 31

05 RECOMMENDATION

5.1 RECOMMENDATION FOR RESIDENTIAL HOUSE 37

5.1.1 WITHOUT INVESTMENT 37

5.1.2 WITH INVESTMENT 39

5.2 RECOMMENDATION FOR RESIDENTIAL FLATS 43



5.3 RECOMMENDATION FOR INDUSTRY 48



06 CONCULSION 52

REFERENCES 53

ABSTRACT

The economic development of a country is often closely linked to its consumption of energy.

Although India ranks sixth in the world so far as total energy consumption is concerned, it still

needs much more energy to keep pace with its development objectives. The power demand in

India will be increased by 80% by the year 2012 to 2040 and the expected demand in year 2017

would be nearly 300GW .The government has taken new steps for the development of

renewable energy sources and less consideration in conservation of electrical energy in the

society. According to the current scenario the demand of energy has increased and became a

routine process in our lifestyle. Why electrical auditing and management is essential? Energy

audit is the survey of wastage power in different areas like domestic houses, commercial

buildings and industries etc. For getting solution to save electrical energy, energy auditing is

best way. So we found in India the demand of electrical power rises at the rate of 9-10 % per

annum while the generation of electrical power rises at the rate of 5-6 % per annum, ultimately

the gap between demand and generation of electrical power is widening at the rate of 3-4 % per

annum. Electrical energy auditing and management program can have an originating within one

division of saving, motivating people in all forms to undergo conservation activities. As a part of

our MGR Vision 10MW, initial work is started in this project to conduct electrical energy audit.

In this project we had done the energy audit in three places namely Energy audit in residential

house, Energy audit in residential flats and Energy audit in manufacturing industry with single

line diagram by using ETAP software with suitable recommendation after monitoring the data.

The proposed procedure is adapted to conduct the electrical energy audit with suitable

recommendation. After the critical analysis several suitable recommendations is suggested for

the houses to implement with and without investment including incorporating renewable power

generation. The breakeven chart is presented to check the effectiveness of the

recommendation.

LIST OF FIGURES

SL No. NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE No

2.1 Percentage of household graph 6

2.2 Ground truth from plug-meter graph 7

2.3 Channel A-Negative mean error 8

2.4 Channel B-Positive pressure recalibration error 8

2.5 Annual load and annual consumption chart 9

2.6 Annual cost for energy chart 10

2.7 Variation of kwh for the 2010-2011 12

2.8 Variation of M.D actual for the year 2010-11 12

3.1 Executive activity to conduct this electrical energy audit 17

3.2 Block diagram for an effective reduction in demand 19

4.1 Single line diagram 21

4.2 Daily unit consumption chart 24

4.3 Age of equipment chart 25

4.4 Real time load graph 26

4.5 Life cycle analysis chart 29

4.6 Real time load analysis chart 30

4.7 Wattage consumption of appliances 30

4.8 Single line diagram of power distribution 33

4.9 Life cycle of equipment chart 34

4.10 Power utilization chart 34

4.11 Real time load chart 35

5.1 Comparison between unit consumed by tube light and LED’S 39

5.2 Difference of unit consumption of old and new star rated fridge 41

5.3 Difference of unit consumption of old and new LED T.V. 42

5.4 Cost benefit graph 51

LIST OF TABLES

SL No. NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE No.

4.1 Data collection of house 21

4.2 Real time load and equipment 25

4.3 Total wattage consumed by the each equipment in hall 26

4.4 Total wattage consumed of all flats room-1 27

4.5 Total wattage consumption of room-2 27

4.6 Total wattage consumption in all three kitchens 28

4.7 Total wattage consumption in all bathrooms 28

4.8 Data collection of equipment 31

5.1 Working hour / year of light 39

5.2 Calculation of tube lights 40

5.3 Comparison table between old and star rated fridge 41

5.4 Comparison data between old and new LED T.V. 42

5.5 Calculation of fridge and T.V. 43

5.6 Calculation of tube lights 45

5.7 Calculation of fan recommendation 46

5.8 Calculation of recommended 5* A.C. 47

5.9 Calculation of recommended energy saving tube lights 49

5.10 Calculation of recommendation energy saving fan 49

5.11 Calculation of recommended new energy efficient motor 50

GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report – EA15/03

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CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

1.1. Energy problem

Life is impossible without energy. We are so caught up in the fight to get the

resources to convert to the types of energy we want (i.e. electrical), that we have

failed time and time again to see the destruction we are causing by serving the world

electricity from the other necessary forms of energy. This creates a disturbance in the

balance between these forms of energy. Think, what will happens to chemical,

nuclear, or even thermal and kinetic energy if it is all transformed to electrical energy?

Naturally, it will try to balance itself out again, but what will happen when it does?

Ever see water slosh about in a container trying to level itself out? There will be the

same effect with energy. Major fluctuations of the various forms of energy will occur. It

may already have started. Look at the tsunami incident, or number and strength of

hurricanes this season, or even the earthquakes that shook Pakistan and Iraq. I'll

even bet this will be one of the coldest winters we have seen in decades.

In the future it will not be possible to continue with the same system of energy

production, distribution and consumption that has underpinned the first world

countries in the past century, therefore the current energy model is unsustainable. For

this reason it is necessary that we replace it with a new model based on renewable

energy sources and more efficient consumption. Moreover, the energy situation

depends upon limited resources, where 80% of production is based on fossil fuels, for

example coal and oil. These sources have become scarce and costly, causing

insecurity in terms of supply, and possible economic tensions. Finally, the model

involves environmental impact; one example is the emission to the atmosphere of

carbon dioxide that causes the “climatic change”. For replacing this unbalanced

model, a new culture of sustainable energy is needed, In order to substitute the

unbalanced model, it is necessary to build a new sustainable energy culture. By

conserving energy and reducing emissions, the new culture can change the current

habits in energy production, distribution and consumption, increase the energy

efficiency, and meet the demand for sustainable energy On the other hand, it is also

necessary to achieve true energy efficiency. The consumption model in the

developed countries is extremely wasteful. To put it simply, a lot of more energy is


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used than is actually needed. The energy demand in the first world countries goes up

constantly. Energy consumption in countries such as India and China also increases

notably in recent years.

1.2 The importance of energy conservation Energy conservation is saving energy. For example when we turn off the light, we’re

conserving energy. Energy efficiency also is the one of important process for saving

energy because it is focus on the energy efficiency of products that’s means don’t

waste energy. For example the ordinary light bulbs generate heat energy which is

simply wasted. An energy efficient light bulb turns almost energy to light. It is very

important to save energy because energy isn’t free and unlimited. So everyone needs

to pay for the use of energy that means saving energy is finally we are saving our

money. Wasting energy is also not conducive to the environment. Many forms of

energy we rely on, such as coal and natural gas, etc. are non-renewable. Once they

are used, they are gone forever. On the other hand, most of the energy would cause

pollution. So the more energy we save, the more money we save, and the more

beautiful our Earth is.

1.3 Energy audit Energy audit refers to inspect, investigate and analyses the building, process or

system’s energy flow to find out their energy dynamics. Generally speaking, the

purpose of energy audit is to check up whether it is possible to reduce one system’s

energy consumption without influencing the final output. If the object under audit is a

building in use, the main purpose of audit is to reduce the energy consumption, keep

or improve the resident’s comfort and guarantee their health and security at the same

time. Besides simply looking for how the energy is used, the aim of energy audit is

also to optimize the energy consumption in order to achieve the upper most cost

performance and save energy. To institute the correct energy efficiency programs,

first, you have to know which areas in your establishment unnecessarily consume too

much energy, e.g. which is the most cost-effective to improve. An energy audit

identifies where energy is being consumed and assesses energy saving

opportunities. So you get to save money where it counts the most. Usually, energy


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audit has three main parts; it can stop at any levels. If analyses stop in part two and

three, it mean that it contain the previous parts.

1.4 Type of Energy Audit

The type of Energy Audit to be performed depends on:

- Function and type of industry

- Depth to which final audit is needed, and

- Potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired

Thus Energy Audit can be classified into the following two types.

1) Preliminary Audit

2) Detailed Audit

1.4.1 Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology

Preliminary energy audit is a relatively quick exercise to:

• Establish energy consumption in the organization

• Estimate the scope for saving

• Identify the most likely (and the easiest areas for attention

• Identify immediate (especially no-/low-cost) improvements/ savings

• Set a 'reference point'

• Identify areas for more detailed study/measurement

• Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained data

1.4.2 Detailed Energy Audit Methodology A comprehensive audit provides a detailed energy project implementation plan for a

facility, since it evaluates all major energy using systems. This type of audit offers the

most accurate estimate of energy savings and cost. It considers the interactive effects

of all projects, accounts for the energy use of all major equipment, and includes

detailed energy cost saving calculations and project cost. In a comprehensive audit,

one of the key elements is the energy balance. This is based on an inventory of

energy using systems, assumptions of current operating conditions and calculations

of energy use. This estimated use is then compared to utility bill charges. Detailed

energy auditing is carried out in three phases: Phase I, II and III.


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Phase I - Pre Audit Phase , Phase II - Audit Phase and Phase III - Post Audit Phase

Energy audit is the survey of wastage power in different areas like domestic hoses,

commercial building and industries etc. For getting solution save electrical energy,

energy auditing is best way. So we found in India the demand of electrical power rises

at the rate of 9-10 % per annum while the generation of electrical power rises at the

rate of 5-6 % per annum, ultimately the gap between demand and generation of

electrical power is widening at the rate of 3-4 % per annum.

In case the government of India has been focusing on adding generation capacity to

fulfil the gap between demand and generation, but they are not able to fulfil the

demand.

We individually show that, in present scenario most of the common people are

wasting power by different methods in their houses, shops etc. To overcome these

problems, we need to do energy audits with proper recommendations. Dr. MGR

Educational and Research Institute (University) had taken initiative of “Vision 10MW”

under the leadership of Prof. L. Ramesh to save 10MW energy within a period of 10

years. As a part of this initiative we the members working on conducting energy audit

with variety of houses.

So our idea saves the renewable electrical energy which is wasting by us. Indian

government is paying Rs 60 crore for the generation of electrical power of 10MW,

which is a large amount. In this condition the saving of 1MW is equivalent to the 2MW

generation of electrical power.

Our first work executed with effective energy audit on a double bed room house

with complete recommendations. The paper discusses how energy audit will help us

save energy in our electric bill with necessary analysis and presented necessary

recommendation for the audited house.

Energy audit is a vital link of energy management of any system. It is an effective tool

in pursuing comprehensive energy management program. It helps in optimization of

energy cost and pollution of any product which is decided by energy expenses. It

helps to balance economy of any system by reducing energy consumption with

improving human comfort and health. It provides effective opportunities for energy


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saving by reducing the amount of input energy without reducing output energy.

Industries of developed nation consume much less energy as compared to

developing nation like us.The work starts with a review of the historical data of energy

consumption which can be compiled from the electricity bills. These data is important

in order to understand the patterns of energy used and their trend. After obtaining the

information on energy consumption, the next step is to set up an energy audit

program. This program should start with site survey in order to obtain information on

present energy used. The energy utilization such as running hours of air-conditioning,

lighting levels, locations of unnecessary air-conditioning and lighting due to

unoccupied areas, temperature and humidity, chillers/pump scheduling and setting,

efficiencies of equipment’s and machine and the areas of high energy consumption

and the possibility to reduce consumption should be record for further analysis. This

energy audit is especially done to save ten to thirty percentage of energy usage by

changes in operation and maintenance. This paper will give an initiative to know how

to start an energy audit in home. This ultimate work started under this vision 10MW.

Vision 10MW is an energy awareness initiative forum that was inaugurated in our

university on 08/03/2014 this was inaugurated for reducing 10MW generation of

electrical energy in 10 years. The initial part of its work is given in this paper.

Improving energy-efficiency is important for a number of reasons:

• Consumption bills are reduced, making the business more profitable and

competitive.

• Comfort levels are increased for everyone.

• Energy usage is reduced, which reduces emissions of carbon dioxide and therefore

helps sustainability goals.

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Review of Literature

The author [1] Mario E.Berges etal says Non-intrusive load monitoring is an idea for

reducing the power consumption and operation schedule or individual load in a

building through measurement of voltage and current. There are many opportunities


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reducing electricity consumption in building. Energy audit is used one way to obtain

accurate and objective an elements to save energy. Two typical type of meter are

used in this work to monitor the data’s through AMR & AMI. In this AMI will save

meter reader cost and AMR facilitate the demand response. The plug level

technology is introduced for residential electricity monitoring. The authors contrast

this with & show the advantages and disadvantages. The plug load meter is used to

measure a single appliance. This meter is connected to any electric outlet or more

appliances can be plugged into meter. Recommendation for improving the technology

and energy and efficiency is executed in this work. The resulting difference in energy

estimates for the 5.5 days of the experiment was 14.8% with the non-intrusive load

monitoring system underestimating the actual consumption by 2.29kwh.the plug level

meter is measured 15.48kWh, whereas the non-intrusive load monitoring algorithms

predicted 13.19kWh.

Fig 2.1 Percentage of household graph


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Fig 2.2 Ground truth from plug-meter graph

The author [2] Michael Lubliner says about the past, present & future direction of

energy audit of residential single family. In the paper main aim is conducted audit for

national institute of standards and technology. The purpose is to measure energy use

and energy saving associate with short term energy and long term energy which is

related to repairs, retrofit, remodelling for a single family house. Repair remodelling is

one of the ways to save the energy. Utility billing analysis to improve the efficiency of

energy in residential single family housing is another way. The need for the

observation of utility billing data analysis is the current reality. The author was report

the past, present & future direction of energy audit in single family houses for heating

& ventilating air conditioning for industries. The residential energy audit research will

improve the energy efficiency. The author’s use the round robin auditing to improve

energy auditing and retrofit practices. Finally the author feedback from round robin to

helps ensure that house owner get relatively consistent, reliable, repeatable & useful

recommendation from home performance contracting industry.


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Fig 2.3 Channel A Negative mean error

Fig 2.4 Channel B positive pressure recalibration error

Tony botkin [3] presented testing and inspecting process and to identify and disclose

deficiency in the energy efficiency of the property at the time of the inspection. In the

paper the author introduced three section used to energy efficiency of home. Current

performance, IR report and Home energy retro-fit.


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In the first section current performance list components of the house and the energy

consumption as well as detail about the air tightness limits. In the second section IR

report (infrared) photo performing insulation and other prominent items identified by

the infrared camera. The third section is Home energy retro-fit is used improvements

& their potential energy savings. Acting on the energy retrofit recommendation will

make four home more comfortable more valuable and more affordable. Tony botkin

explains the current performance by making of annual consumption load, heating cost

and cooling cost graph. And his IR report is by using of snap shot. Finally the author

concluded showing the energy retrofit table in that table individual & total annual

savings are based on whole package.

Fig 2.5 Annual loads and annual consumption chart

Fig 2.6 Annual cost for energy chart


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Diji, c.j [4] says in the paper electricity audit on a typical residential building in a major

location of Ibadan metropolis. The author says about the electricity usage of buildings

and also explains about metering and billing. The author audits four flat apartments

with different tariff plans. Two consumers (A & B) are meter and another two of

consumer (C & D) are not metered customer. The analyses of data usage and

demand indicator are plotted with the graph. Finally the author concluded the

customer A is having a pre-paid meter he pay the actual electricity bill. Customer B

has an analogue meter with a maximum demand of 2.9kw also proper billed. But the

customer C & D pay always the fixed charge are over billed by over 30% & 80%

respectively due to residential electricity consumer . Residential consumer has a pre-

paid meter person obviously stimulate electricity demand and consumption according

to four customers on different plans.

Energy plays a central role in all organizations, especially those that are energy

intensive. Whenever possible, checks of plant operations has been carried out over

extended periods of time, at nights and at weekends as well as during normal day

time working hours, to ensure that nothing is overlooked. In present work [5] the

electrical audit of power plant has been successfully completed and it is concluded

that the total energy saving potential of 26,271 kWh per year is possible by

implementing the above recommendations. Hence the total saving Rs. 3.49 Lakhs per

year with initial investment of Rs.1.67 Lakhs and the overall payback period will be 6

months. Every industries, commercial, offices, institutions, offices, hospitals etc. are

now totally dependent on electricity. The demand and the cost of electricity are

continuously increasing and availability is limited. Presently, the energy auditing is

becoming more popular to cut down electricity bill and reduce the recurring

expenditures. In any industry, the three top operating expenses are often found to be

energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and materials. Energy auditing will not

only save money but it also improves the quality of electrical energy supply. In the

paper the author explained four types of process manufacturing process, cased leaf

drying process, stem process, lamina process. The load factor, power factor and

specific energy consumption mention in the table. The lowest value of 37% load

factor was in the month of March-2010 due to lowest units’ consumption. The


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maximum value of 59% was in the month of Feb-2011 due to highest units’

consumption. In the power factor the power factor value for last year varies between

0.996 and 0.999. The value of power factor obtained for last year is found to be

satisfactory. The author explain very clearly in the industry on during day time and

night time also. Finally the author concluded during the audit we found that there are

many problems in the power plant through which huge amount of electrical energy is

wasting , so we have suggested to the client that they reduced the supply voltage to

230 V and contract demand to 600 kVA. They also maintain the pumps, compressors,

fans etc. regularly due to regular maintenance and by implements the suggestions

they will be able to save approximately Rs. 3.49 lakhs per year and total investments

will be approximately y Rs. 1.67 lakhs and the overall payback period will be 6

months. After implementing the suggestions total annual energy saving potential will

be 26,271kWh per year.

Fig 2.7 Variation of kwh for the 2010-11


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Fig 2.8 Variation of M. D. Actual for the year 2010-11

First of all we have find out more energy consumption area just like a pump, light and

water, etc. The main focus of an energy audit [6] for the industrial is to find out energy

savings opportunities that would reduce their early operating costs Savings such as

energy cost and power factor incentives may be identified during the audit process.

We reduces the losses in (water, lighting, pumping system performance etc.) and

increases the overall efficiency of the plant by reducing these losses. The main focus

of an energy audit for the industrial is to find out energy savings opportunities that

would reduce their early operating costs Savings such as energy cost and power

factor incentives may be identified during the audit process. Critics of energy audit

recommendations often say that auditors overestimate the savings potential available

to the customer. Auditing is the analysis of the financial accounts/records, by a

qualified accountant, and procedures of a firm or organization. This is essential in

order to gain a fair perspective on the company's financial statements. For detailed

energy auditing the author explain with six steps. The first major category we analyze

is lighting because this is usually the category that we have the most confidence in for

knowing the actual demand and hours of use. Energy auditing is not an exact

science, but a number of opportunities are available for improving the accuracy of the


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recommendations. Techniques which may be appropriate for small-scale energy

audits can introduce significant errors into the analyses for large complex facilities.

We began by discussing how to perform an energy and demand balance for a

company. This balance is an important step in doing an energy use analysis because

it provides a check on the accuracy of some of the assumptions necessary to

calculate savings potential. We also addressed several problem areas which can

result in over-optimistic savings projections, and suggested ways to prevent mistakes.

Finally, several areas where additional research, analysis, and data collection are

needed were identified. Once this additional information is obtained,

2.2 Proposed Work

The proposed work is executed in three stages namely Electrical Energy Audit in a

Residential House, Electrical Energy Audit in a Residential Flats and Electrical

Energy Audit in a Manufacturing Industry.

Stage 1: In India, Most of peoples are facing problem of electrical energy, because

there is the generation does not match the energy demand. So we decided solve the

energy problem of peoples. And we started for energy auditing and save energy

because it is the easiest way and not expansive to solve the electrical energy

problems. Actually our vision is save energy and make a free electrical energy

problem India. The process of evaluating a building or Industrial plants which uses

energy and identifying the fault ,recommendation to reduce the consumption and

managing energy audit report to the house honour. In this stage we have audited one

residential house which is situated in Maduravoyal Chennai.

Stage 2: The scope of an energy audit, the complexity of calculations, and the level

of economic evaluation are all issues that may be handled differently by each

individual auditor and should be defined prior to beginning any audit activities. This

chapter will review the various approaches to energy auditing and outline a standard

approach to organizing and conducting an energy audit. An energy audit can be

simply defined as a process to evaluate where a building or plant uses energy, and

identify opportunities to reduce consumption. There is a direct relationship to the cost

of the audit, how much data will be collected and analysed, and the number of


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conservation opportunities identified. Thus, a first distinction is made between costs

of the audit which determines the type of audit to be performed. The second

distinctions made between the types of facility. For example, a building audit may

emphasize the building envelope, lighting, heating, and ventilation requirements. On

the other hand, an audit of an industrial plant emphasizes the process requirements.

In this stage we have conducted energy audit for the residential flats which is

establish in Mogappair west Chennai.

Stage 3: Energy management reduces the load on power plants as fewer kilowatt

hours of electricity are needed. If a plant burns coal or fuel oil, then a significant cant

amount of acid rain is produced from the sulphur dioxide emitted by the power plant.

Acid rain problems then are reduced through energy management, less energy

consumption means less petroleum field development and subsequent on-site

pollution. Less energy consumption means less thermal pollution at power plants and

less cooling water discharge. Reduced cooling requirements or more efficient

satisfaction of those needs means less CFC usage and reduced ozone depletion in

the stratosphere. The list could go on almost indefinitely, but the bottom line is that

energy management helps improve environmental quality. Business, industry and

government organizations have all been under tremendous economic and

Environmental pressures in the last few years. Being economically competitive in the

global marketplace and meeting increasing environmental standards to reduce air

and water pollution have been the major driving factors in most of the recent

operational cost and capital cost investment decisions for all organizations. Energy

management has been an important tool to help organizations meet these critical

objectives for their short term survival and long-term success. The energy audit is

conducted by us in a manufacturing industry in this stage which is situated in 595/1

TH Road, Sathi puram, WIMCO, Eranavur, Chennai.


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CHAPTER 3 – PROCEDURE

3.1 A Residential Home Audit with ETAP

How energy audit is done in home? The answer to the question is given ,the first

initiative is for going for pre-site work, in this first we decide the location were to

conduct this energy audit in home, industry, schools etc. In this paper the first

initiative we done is doing auditing in one home and giving them a appropriate results

and recommendation and suggestion regarding their usage of electricity and also

making a assumption to reduce the tariff of electricity bill. According to this we started

the analysis of the pre-site work and conclude the analysis and recommendation to

reduce the usage of electricity and educate them for consumption of energy with cost

analysis. An execution procedure model is given in the table 1, that is given below

which will gives a brief knowledge how an energy audit is done and the

recommendation is given to the clients as per the procedure to get an appropriate

result based on the consumption and also reducing the energy tariff in electricity bills.

The main vision for this auditing is to bring awareness among the society and save

the demand for the nation.

In Tamil Nadu the demand graph is given below in the figure the power deficit is

around 18% .The government is behind the ways to generate power to reduce the

demand but we are taking initiative to reduce the demand by electrical energy audit

this is our vision of IET 10MW. The motto behind it is “SAVE ENERGY TO REDUCE

DEMAND”.

But we have made an Executive activity to conduct this electrical energy audit and it is

given below;

Collect all the Load details with maximum demand of the Electrical Equipment

,Calculate the Usage Load After single line diagram put the values

Plot Real time load curve by taking the energy meter KWHR for 20 days.

Calculate the connected load with respective to single diagram.

Plot a graph in between years and Tariff


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Identify and Calculate the unnecessary usage of power wastage in the layout with

graph

Draw the Power Utilization Chart with respect to the Layout

Calculate the daily utilization of Power by all the equipment’s and convert to pie

chart.

Data Collection of all the major equipment’s and find out the performance

Interaction about the energy usage with suitable survey

Identify the Energy Saving and Conservations Opportunity

Report on suitable recommendation with existing and implementation

suggestions

Plot Cost Benefit Analysis with Breakeven Chart

Check the earth resistance and report on the status of earthling in that concern

Provide Awareness’ on Electrical Safety to the Person there.

Submission of Suitable Energy Audit Report with Breakeven Analysis.

Fig.3.1 Executive activity to conduct this electrical energy audit

Pre site work

ETAP single line Diagram

Daily utilization Wattage of Appliances

Recommendation

Result


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Submission of Suitable Energy Audit Report with Breakeven Analysis chart to the

customer with the above procedure to get best result. It is advice to use the benefits

of renewable energy and simulating it in the ETAP software and provide them the

best recommendation to reduce electrical consumption by renewable sources.

3.2 Industrial Audit

Industrial audit as become very much essential as it is seen that the consumption of

in industrial aspects is very high. Looking over the Indian scenario the demand is

increasing day by day recent survey states the India would be facing demand of

300GW by the year 2016-2017, in this manner the industrial audit is conducted in an

industry there are many types of audit that can be conducted in industry but we have

designed a procedure to conducted electrical energy audit to reduce the consumption

and reduce the demand in an effective manner. A block diagram is given below for an

effective reduction in demand and also to reduce the consumption in power demand.


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Fig 3.2 Block diagram for an effective reduction in demand


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CHAPTER 4 - DATA MONITORING

In this methodology the data aqua station is done by collecting data in a residential

house, commercial building and industries the data collection i.e. is collected gives

the layout of usage of electrical energy. The wastage of energy can be easily

monitored and the recommendation ideas with new forms of implementation of

renewable energy in effective manner to reduce the power demand and also

motivating people to undergo renewable energy resources. In these methods the tariff

details, wattage of each appliance, daily utilization chart, single line diagram and real

time load analysis etc. The details of these charts are given below with brief

explanations.

4.1 Monitoring of Residential House

We audited energy at the home of Prof. G. Ganashanan (HOD of MECHANICAL

department) which is situated in maduravoyal Chennai. There was three phase

connection and the current status at the time of audit was 227v.

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

The single line diagram of the house is represented in figure. Then the continuation of

the work executed with collecting all the readings of all equipment, daily

usage/monthly usage which we described in the report below


20

Fig 4.1 Single line diagram

DATA COLLECTION

The total number of equipments which are connected in the house and also the age

of all equipments are given below

Table 4.1 Data collection of house

ITEMS NO.(equi

pment)

TOTAL

(watts)

Age of

equipmen

t

Time of

usage/day

Time of

used/month

com

pany

(A)

KITCHEN

Tube light 1 40w 3 year 7 hours 210 hours Philip

s

C.F.L 1 14w 2 year 1 hours 30 hours Philip


21

s

Exhaust

Fan

1 250w 5 year 1/2 hours 15 hours Hevel

s

Micro

Wave

1 1800w 3 year 30 min 15 hours Sams

ung

Grinder 1 350w 3 year 2

hours/week

ly

8 hours Perity

Mixer 1 750w 4 year 15 min/day 7 hours Butte

rfiy

Refrigerato

r

1 10 year 24 hours 720 hours Whirl

pool

(B)BED

ROOM 1

Celling fan 1 60w 4 year 8 hours 240 hours USH

A

A.C 1 1830w 6 month 10 hours 300 hours ONID

A

Tube light 1 40 w 3 year 2 hours 60 hours Philip

s

mosquito

.c

1 6w 1 year 10 hours 300 hours Mote

n

Night Bulb 1 0w 4 year Rearly 2 hours Philip

s

Mobile

Charger

1 5 volt 2 year 1 hours 30 hours L.G

Attached

Bathroom

Exhaust

Fan

1 11W 4 year 1 hours 30 hours Hevel

s


22

C.F.L 1 8W 3 year 30 MIN 15 hours Philip

s

[C] HALL

Celling fan 2 120W 4 year 6 hours 180 hours Philip

s

Tube light 2 80W 3 year 5 hours 150 hours Philip

s

Show light 9 40w 4 year 30 min in

month

30 min Philip

s

T.V 1 150w 9 year 5 hours 150 hours Sams

ung

Mobile

Charger

1 5 volt 2 year 1 hours 30 hours L.G

C.F.L 1 14W 2 year 2 hours 60 hours Philip

s

(D) Bed

Room 2

Tube light 1 40w 4 year 1 hours 30 hours Philip

s

Celling fan 1 60w 4 year 8 hours 240 hours USH

A

Night Bulb 1 2 year 6 hours 180 hours Philip

s

mosquito

.c

1 6w 2 year 10 hours 300 hours Morte

n

Charger 1 5 volt 2 year 2 hours 60 hours L.G

(B) Bath

Room

Exhaust

Fan

1 11w 4 year 30 min 15 hours Hevel

s


23

Geyser 1 2000w 4 year 10 min 5 hours Venu

s

C.F.L 1 8w 2 year 1 hours 1 hours Philip

s

Daily unit consumption graph:-

The graphs below demonstrating that consumption of electricity in terms of unit by

house hold appliances in a day. From the graph what we observed that maximum

power is consumed by the air conditioner (18.3 unit /day). The second place hold by

the refrigerator which is about 12 units/ day. After that the unit consumed by all

equipments below 6 units /day. So, the maximum energy is consumed by air

condition and less power consume by tube light.

Fig 4.2 Daily unit consumption chart

Age of equipment: -

From the below figure the age of equipment graph cycle is shown. It gives an idea

about the performance and power consumption of the equipment. It is also giving

some rough idea about past performance of the equipment. According to the graph,

we get that the refrigerator has been purchased on 2005 and T.V on 2006, without

maintenance they are using then we checked that equipment taking more energy.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Unit cosumption

A.C. Grinder Mixer Refrigerator Microwave

T.V. Tube Light Exaust fan Ceiling fan Geyser


24

Fig 4.3 Age of equipment chart

REAL TIME LOAD ANALYSIS: -

The table which is given below is showing the connection of RYB in the house which

is not balance.

Table 4.2 Real time load of equipments

EQUIPMENT R Y B

Light & T.V 0 0 5.2

Refrigerator 0.5 0 0

Mixer 0 0 0.1

Grinder 0 0 0.1

Micro Wave 4 0 0

A.C 0 0 5.3

Geyser 6.7 0 0

All Fan 0 0 0.5

From the above table of RYB connection real time load graph has been drawn below

in which R-load is having maximum load and Y-load is having no-load so there is

unbalanced load, so we suggest rewiring the connection and put at balanced mode.

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

Years


25

Fig 4.4 Real time load graph

4.2 Monitoring of Residential Flats

The energy audit was done in the house of Ms. B. Laxmi address is HIG c/926 7th

street Mogappair Erischeme Chennai-37. The building is having 3 floors and all the

floors are of 2-BHK flats. The building is having 3 phase 4 wire connection.

DATA COLLECTION

HALL: - There are totally three halls which are having dimension as 20*15FT,

20*15FT and 10*9 FT respectively in area. The age of equipment, working hours for

equipment and the total wattage consumed by the each equipment is shown below.

Table 4.3 Total wattage consumed by the each equipment in hall

S.

No.

Equipment No. of

equipment

Equipment in

working(Hr.)

Total

wattage

Age of equipment

1 Tube light 5 6 200 2010

2 CFL 2 1 40 2013

3 Fans 4 16 240 2008

4 Calling bell 3 15 2005

5 Table Fan 1 2 55 2013

6 Inverter 1 15 AH 2011

7 Television 2 7 200 2014

8 Refrigerator 1 8 410 2002

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

R

Y

B


26

ROOM 1: - There are overall three flats in the building so therefore the table which is

given below is showing the age of equipment, working hours of all equipment as well

as total wattage consumption of room 1 of all the three flats in the building.

Table 4.4 Total wattage consumption of all flats room 1

S. No. Equipment No. of

equipment

Equipment in

working(Hr.)

Total

wattage

Age of equipment

1 Tube light 5 6 200 2010

2 Fans 6 10 360 2008

3 AC 1.5 ton 1 6 2500 2002

4 CFL 2 1 40 2013

ROOM 2: - The table which is listed below is showing the age of equipment, working

hours of all equipment as well as total wattage consumption of room 2 in all the 3 flats

of the residential house.

Table 4.5 Total wattage consumption of room 2

S. No. Equipment No. of equipment Equipment in

working(Hr.)

Total

wattage

Age of equipment

1 Tube light 4 6 160 2010

2 Fans 5 8 300 2008

3 AC 1.0 ton 1 6 1070 2014

4 CFL 1 1 20 2013

6 T.V. 1 1 450 2003

KITCHEN: - There are total 3 kitchens which are having all these equipments which

is shown in the table and also the total watts consumption, working hour of

equipments as well as age of equipments are shown.


27

Table 4.6 Total wattage consumption in all three kitchens

S. No. Equipment No. of equipment Equipment in

working(Hr.)

Total wattage Age of

equipment

1 Refrigerator 2 8 1127 2012

2 Microwave 2 2 1600 2013

3 Tube light 4 4 160 2010

4 CFL 2 2 40 2013

5 Mixer 1 1 746 2011

6 Grinder 1 1 746 2011

7 Aqua Guard 1 1 25 2008

8 Tan door 1 15 min 1500 2009

9 Electric cooker 1 30 min 1000 2012

10 Exhaust fan 1 3 50 2009

BATHROOMS: - The 6 bathrooms consist of these equipments which is carrying by

the below table in which working hours of all equipments, age of equipments and total

wattage consumption.

Table 4.7 Total wattage consumption in all bathrooms

S.

No.

Equipment No. of

equipment

Equipment in

working(Hr.)

Total

wattage

Age of Equipment

1 CFL 8 2 160 2012

2 Geyser 2 30 min 4000 2010

3 Washing

Machine

2 2 1000 2007

AGE OF EQUIPMENTS: - Goodness is to check the life cycle of the equipment which

helps us to take good decision for good recommendation for effective energy usage.

The figure represents the life cycle analysis chart of the audited house.


28

Fig 4.5 Life cycle analysis chart.

REAL TIME LOAD ANALYSIS: -

Real time load analysis is a process in which the real time load is taken by switching

off the whole home and on the respective equipments and a load graph is drawn as

given above. Here in this building load is not balanced. From the above graph it is

clear that there is very little load or no load is connected in ‘R’, average load is

connected in ‘Y’ whereas very heavy load is connected in ‘B’.

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Age Of Equipments

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

R

Y

B


29

Fig 4.6 Real time load analysis chart

WATTAGE CONSUMPTION OF APPLIANCES: -

The wattage of the appliances is given in which the appliance wattage are given in

detail in the graph given below.

Fig 4.7 Wattage consumption of appliances

4.3 Monitoring of Industry

We audited energy in an industry named as AR Automotive which is situated in 595/1

TH Road, Sathi puram, WIMCO, Eranavur, Chennai -57.

Data collection

The number of connected load in several working areas with the rating in watt is given

below in table.

Table 4.8 Data collection of equipment

ITEMS No

(equipment)

Star

Rated

Total

Ratings

(Watts)

Age

of

Equipment

Total time

of Usage of

equipments

0 500

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

WA

TTS

EQUIPMENTS

WATTAGE OF APPLIANCES


30

(A)Working Area1

Cutting Motor 2 x 2200 4400 2009 10

Tube Light 7 x 40 - 280 2010 56

Fan 5x60 No 300 2010 40

Grinding motor 3x1200 3600 2009 9

(B)Working Area2

Induction motor 1 15000 2009 8

Tube light 7x40 280 2010 56

Fan 5x60 - 300 2010 40

(C)Working Area3

Induction motor 2 x 5000 - 10000 2009 16

Tube light 7x40 280 2010 56

Fan 5x60 - 300 2010 40

(d)Working Area4


Induction motor 2 x 2200 4400 2008 16

Tube light 7x40 280 2010 56

Fan 5x60 - 300 2010 40

(e) Working Area5


Induction motor 2 x 4000 8000 2009 16

Tube light 7x40 280 2010 56

Fan 5x60 - 300 2010 40

PREPARATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

The distribution of power with the help of single line diagram is drawn which is given

below.


31

Fig 4.8 Single line diagram of power distribution EQUIPMENT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS:-

The life cycle analysis graph between the year and equipments is drawn below which

shows the age of equipments.


32

Fig 4.9 Life cycle of equipment chart

POWER UTILISATION CHART:-

In the factory 75% to the motor operating load because of the industry manufacturing

automobile spare parts their various job like cutting, drilling and sapping of pipe line to

this process they are used motor operated work.

The fan load 13% and tube light load 12% this is the total load sharing in the industry.

Fig 4.10 Power utilization chart

REAL TIME LOAD CURVE:-

2002

2004

2000

TUBELIGHT FAN MOTOR

YEARS

YEARS

Fan 13%

tube light 12%

motor 75%

% load

Fan

tube light

motor


33

The real time load curve of the equipment is shown below

Fig 4.11 Real Time load chart

STUDY OF EARTHING:-

EARTHING STATUS

This house consists of 5 rooms, 2 bedroom, 1 kitchen, 1 dining hall, 1 drawing room.

In all rooms earthing status varies room to room.

Working area - 1

1. Voltage drop between Phase and phase- 436 volts.

2. Voltage drop between R-phase and earth- 228 volts

3. Voltage drop between Y-phase and earth- 228 volts.

4. Voltage drop between B-phase and earth- 228 volts

Working area -2





Working area - 3



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Tube light fan Motor

K WATTS

K WATTS


34



Working area - 4





Working area - 5




4. Voltage drop between B-phase and earth- 228 volts.

CHAPTER 5 - RECOMMENDATION

An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows for energy

conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input

into the system without negatively affecting the output. In commercial and industrial

real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce

energy expense and carbon footprints.

Recommendation is a process by which we can give suggestion to someone for their

future benefits. There are various types of recommendation in energy audit.

5.1 Recommendation for Residential House

5.1.1 without investment: -

According to the layout of the home, we have recommended some of the best saving

tips by which you can save electrical energy and tariff without any investment by


35

proper utilization you can conserve energy and also reduce the tariff in your monthly

bills. These are some important tips to save energy in home.

In Refrigerator regularly defrost manual- defrost refrigerator and freezers; as frost

build up increases the amount of energy needed to keep the motor running.

Don’t keep your refrigerator or freezer too cold.

Avoid putting hot and warm food and also avoid using big vessels inside the

fridge.

Do not open the doors of the refrigerator frequently. As it costs around 0.15 paisa.

Proper dusting and cleaning of exhaust fan should be done.

Using tube light in kitchen is good .If CFL is also there you can use CFL in

morning and tube light in night time

Instead of two fans you can replace it to one which you use frequently.

Instead of three CFL used in hall only one CFL can be used as the other two are

not necessary.

Decoration light should be especially used only occasionally.

In living room 1 Instead of two mosquitoes repellent you can use one mosquito

repellent as it’s a small.

In living room 2Decoration lamp is not required in the room as it consume lots of

energy.

In washing machine always wash only with full load.

Use optimal quantity of water in washing machine.

Use timer facility to save energy.

Use the correct amount of detergent.

Use hot water only for dirty clothes.

Always use cold water in the rinse cycle.

Prefer natural dying over electric dryness.


36

In Study room as the room space is small there is no need of tube light instead of

tube light you can use CFL and use the same tube light in other purpose.

Orient fan is placed in the room but the suspension from the wall is not proper.

You can use table fan as the room size is 25sqft only.

Instead of CFL used outside you can install LED bulb as it consume less energy.

For air conditioner use windows with sun films and curtains.

Don’t set your thermostat at a colder setting than normal when you turn on your air

conditioner. It will not cool your home any faster and could result in excessive

cooling.

Seal the door and windows properly.

5.1.2 with investment: -

Replace light and fans:

The house consists of five tube lights Philips Company the usage of tube light given

below:

Table 5.1 Working hour/year of tube lights

With reference to the above we recommended replacing T2 and T3 to LED of 5 watts

which will provide the same lumens 450.

Tube

Light (T)

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

Hour/Year 730 1825 2555 365 1460


37

Fig 5.1 Comparison between units consumed by tube light and LED’s

Table 5.2 Calculation of tube lights

Present Energy Uses

Total no. of florescent light 2

Total power in watts 80

Total no. of hour in a year 6*365=2190

Total no. of watts annually 80*2190=175200hr/yr.

Total unit consumed 175200/1000=172.2 unit/yr

Cost annually Rs 1051.2

If both florescent light replaced by LED's

Total no. of LED's 2

Total power in watts 2*5=10

Total no. of hour in a year 6*365=2190 hr./yr.

Total no. of watts annually 10*2190w

Total unit consumed 21900/1000=21.9 unit/yr.

Cost annually 21.9*6=131.4 Rs

Saving

0

50

100

150

200

Unit consumed by T L Unit consumed by LED's


38

Energy saved 172.2-21.9=150.3 unit/yr.

Money saved 1051.2-131.4=919.8 Rs

Payback time

LED's Rs 700

Total investment Rs 700

Payback time (Investment)*12month

/amount saving

=9.13 MONTH

Replacement of fridge and T.V. to star rated fridge and LED T.V.

At present the fridge is very bed condition because the efficiency of fridge is very less,

so we suggest replace that fridge to star rated which efficiency is 85% which is more

compare to the old fridge, the details are given in below:

Table 5.3 comparison table between old and star rated fridge

Equipment Watts Efficiency

(%)

Load

current(A)

Old model

fridge

1000 50 7

Star rated

fridge

375 85 4


39

Fig 5.2 Difference of unit consumption of old and new star rated fridge

From the above table and graph there is the compression of old model fridge and star

rated fridge whereas range of efficiency, watts and Load current are explained.

At present the T.V. is very bed condition because the efficiency of T.V. is very less, so

we suggest replace that T.V. to LED which efficiency is 90% which is more compare

to the old T.V., the details are given in below:

Table 5.4 Comparison data between old and new LED T. V.

Equipment Watts Efficiency

(%)

Load

current(A)

Old model

T.V.

150 60 1

LED T.V. 100 90 0.8

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Unit consumed by old fridge Unit consumed by new fridge


40

Fig 5.3 Difference of unit consumption of old and new LED T. V.

From the above table and graph there is the compression of old model T.V. and LED

T.V. whereas range of efficiency, watts and Load current are explained.

Table 5.5 Calculation of Fridge and T. V.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Unit consumed by old T.V.

Unit consumed by LED T.V.

Un

it p

er

Ye

ar

Present energy usage Fridge T.V.

Total number of 1 1

Total number of watts 1000 W 150W

Total number of hour in year 8760 hour/yr. 1825 hour

Total watts annually 8760000 W/yr. 273750W/yr.

Total number of unit consumed 8760 unit/year 273.75 unit/year

Cost annually 52560 Rs 1642.5 Rs

*rated fridge LED T.V

Total number of 1 1

Total number of watts 375 W 100W

Total number of hour in year 8760 hour/yr. 1825 hr./ yr.

Total watts annually 3285000 W/yr. 182500W/yr.

Total number of unit consumed 3285 unit/year 182.5 unit/year

Cost annually 19710 Rs 1095Rs


41

5.2 Recommendation for residential flats: -

5.2.1 without investment

According to the layout of the home, we have recommended some of the best saving

tips by which you can save electrical energy and tariff without any investment by

proper utilization you can conserve energy and also reduce the tariff in your monthly

bills. These are some important tips to save energy in home.

In Refrigerator regularly defrost manual- defrost refrigerator and freezers; as frost

build up increases the amount of energy needed to keep the motor running.

Don’t keep your refrigerator or freezer too cold.

Avoid putting hot and warm food and also avoid using big vessels inside the

fridge.

Do not open the doors of the refrigerator frequently. As it costs around 0.15 paisa.

Proper dusting and cleaning of exhaust fan should be done.

Using tube light in kitchen is good .If CFL is also there you can use CFL in

morning and tube light in night time

Instead of two fans you can replace it to one which you use frequently.

Instead of three CFL used in hall only one CFL can be used as the other two are

not necessary.

Decoration light should be especially used only occasionally.

In living room 1 Instead of two mosquitoes repellent you can use one mosquito

repellent as it’s a small.

Energy saved 5475 unit/yr. 90-30.416=60 units

Money saved 32850 Rs/yr. 540-182.49=358Rs

*rated fridge LED T.V

Total investment 12000 Rs 19000 Rs

Payback Time 4.38 month 138.81 month


42

In living room 2Decoration lamp is not required in the room as it consume lots of

energy.

In washing machine always wash only with full load.

Use optimal quantity of water in washing machine.

Use timer facility to save energy.

Use the correct amount of detergent.

Use hot water only for dirty clothes.

Always use cold water in the rinse cycle.

Prefer natural dying over electric dryness.

In Study room as the room space is small there is no need of tube light instead of

tube light you can use CFL and use the same tube light in other purpose.

Orient fan is placed in the room but the suspension from the wall is not proper.

You can use table fan as the room size is 25sqft only.

Instead of CFL used outside you can install LED bulb as it consume less energy.

For air conditioner use windows with sun films and curtains.

Don’t set your thermostat at a colder setting than normal when you turn on your air

conditioner. It will not cool your home any faster and could result in excessive

cooling.

Seal the door and windows properly.

5.2.2 with investment

Replace 9 tube-lights (40w) with LEDs (15w)

From the below table we can observe the difference of cost and wattage consumption

between tube light and LED tube light. Here we can find that all the light are taking

1.6 ampere.


43

Table 5.6 Calculation of tube lights

Present Energy Usage

Total number of fluorescent light 9

Total number of watts 9*40=360w

Number of hours in a year 6hrs*365days=2190

Total number of watts annually 360*6*365=788400w

Total units consumed 788400/1000=788.4units/year

Cost annually 788.4*3=Rs.2365.2

If all the tube-lights (9) are replaced by LEDs

Total number of LED 9


Total number of watts annually 135*6*365=295650w

Total number of units consumed 295650/1000=295.6units per year

Cost annually 295.6*3=Rs.888

Saving

Energy saved 788.4-296=492.4 units per year

Money saved Rs.2365.2-888 = 1477.2 per year

Payback time

LEDs Rs.9

Total investment 9*700=Rs.6300

Payback time ( Investment cost / Annual saving) * 12

months

(6300 /1477.2) * 12= 51.1months

Replace all fans (5nos. 60w) to new energy saving fan (50 w)

The table listed below is showing the replacement of normal ceiling fans into the new

energy saving fan and also the cost saving after recommendation.


44

Table 5.7 Calculation of fan recommendation


Total number of ceiling fan 5

Total number of watts 5*60 = 300w

Total number of watts annually 300*30*365 = 3285000w

Total number of units consumed 3285000 / 1000 = 3285 units per year

Cost annually 3285 * 3 = Rs.9855

If all the ceiling fans (5) are replaced by energy saving models

Total number of ceiling fan 5


Total number of watts annually 365 * 250 * 30 = 2737500w

Total number of units consumed 2737500/ 1000 = 2737.5 units per year

Cost annually 2737.5 * 3 = Rs.8212.5

Saving

Energy saved 3285-2737 = 1423.5 units per year

Money saved 9855-8212.5=1643

Payback time

Energy saving /unit price Rs.1700

Total investment 5 * 1700 = Rs.8500

Payback time ( Investment cost / Annual saving) * 12

months

(8500 /1643 * 12) = 62 MONTHS

Replace one old window AC with a new 5* AC

According to the layout the AC which they are using is not star rated so therefore we

have recommended star rated AC from which the energy consumed can also be

decreased and total tariff can also reduce.


45

Table 5.8 Calculation of recommended 5* AC


Total number window AC 1

Total number of watts 1*2500 = 2500w

Total number of watts annually 2500*22*365 = 2007500w

Total number of units consumed 20075000/ 1000 = 20075 units per year


If window AC is replaced by 5 star 1.5 ton split AC

5* AC 1


Total number of watts annually 1677 * 22 * 365 = 13466310w

Total number of units consumed 13466310/ 1000 = 13466.1 units per year

Cost annually 13466.1* 3 = Rs.40398.3

Payback time (Investment cost / Annual saving) * 12 months

(35000/19856.5)*12 =21.1518 months

5.3 Recommendation for industry

5.3.1 without investment

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

General Appliance

Replace or have repaired damaged electrical motor, Fan and tube light.

1. Ensure motor have adequate breathing space to prevent accident.

2. Remove all combustible material situated near working area avoid fire accident.

Electricity and water

Be extremely careful when using electrical motors connected to power points near wet

areas including

Don’t use machineries and ensure electrical safety before operating the motor, the

operating person should wear boots avoiding electrical shacks. The operating person

should trained about the operation for avoiding accident.

Motor and earthling points


46

Ensure the earthing condition in the motor before operating electrical safety should be

check and any leakage of power supply; avoid the leakage before operating the motor.

Switchboard and fuses

1. Be familiar with where your switchboard is located.

2. Keep access to your switchboard free of obstructions.

3. Label switches, circuit breakers or fuses.

4. Repairs or installation work must be undertaken by a licensed electrical

contractor.

In the factory switched ON every load and taken energy meter reading the operated

load as Tube light, Fan and Motor and found normal energy meter reading.

5.3.2 with investment

Replace all tube-lights (40w) with energy saving model (25w)

Table 5.9 Calculation of recommended energy saving tube lights

Present Energy usage

Total number of Tube light 35 (with old)

Total Watts 35*40 = 1400 w

Number of hours in a year 20 hrs. * 365 days = 7300

Total watts annually 1400 * 20 * 365 = 10220000 w

Total units consumed 10220000 / 1000 =10220 units per year

Cost annually 10220 * 3 =Rs.30660

The energy saving tube light

Total number of TL 35

Total watts 2 x 35 = 875w

Total watts annually 875 *20 * 365 = 6387500w

Total units consumed 6387500 / 1000 = 6387 units per year


Saving

Energy saved 10220 – 6387 = 3833 units per year

Money saved Rs.30660-19161= Rs. 11499 per year

Payback time

Star rated tube light Rs. 400 * 35= Rs.14000

Total investment (Investment cost / Annual saving)

Payback time (14000 / 11499) = 1.2 YEARS


47

Replace all fans (25nos. 60w) to new energy saving fan (50 w)

Table 5.10 Calculation of recommended energy saving fan


Total number of fans 25

Total Watts 25 * 60 = 1500W

Total watts annually 1500 * 20 * 365 =10950000W


Cost annually 10950 * 3 = Rs. 32850

If all the fans (5) are replaced by energy saving models:

Total number of fans 25

Total watts 25 * 50 = 1250w

Total watts annually 1250 * 20 * 365 = 9125000 w

Total units consumed 9125000 / 1000 =9125 units per year

Cost annually 9125 * 3 = Rs. 27375

Saving

Energy saved 10950–9125 = 1825 units per year

Money saved Rs.32850 - Rs.27375= Rs.5475 per year

Payback time

Energy saving fan unit price Rs. 1200




Replace Elevator motor (1 no x .15 KW) to new energy efficient motor

Table 5.11 Calculation of recommended new energy efficient motor


Total number of motor 1

Total Watts 1 * 15000 = 15000 w

Total watts annually 15000 * 10 * 365 = 54750000w


Cost annually 54750 * 5 = Rs. 273750

If one of the motor 14 Kw replaced by energy saving models

Total number of motor 1

Total watts 1 * 12000 = 12000 w

Total watts annually 12000 * 10 * 365 = 43800000w


Cost annually 43800 * 5 = Rs. 219000

Saving


48

Energy saved 54750–43800 = 10950 units per year

Money saved Rs.273750 - Rs.219000 = Rs.54750 per year

Payback time

Energy saving fan unit price Rs. 75000




COST BENEFITS:-

The overall cost benefit after recommendation which is given on tube lights, fans and

motor is given in graph below

Fig 5.4 Cost benefit graph

30

66

0

36

79

2

44

15

0.4

52

98

0.4

8

63

57

6.5

76

32

85

0

39

42

0

47

30

4

56

76

4.8

68

11

7.7

6

27

37

50

32

85

00

39

42

00

47

30

40

56

76

48

1 S T Y E A R 2 N D Y E A R 3 R D Y E A R 4 T H Y E A R 5 T H Y E A R

tubelight Fan Motor


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CHAPTER 6 - CONCULSION

This detailed study delivers an electrical energy audit of a residential house in

Chennai with a suitable four types of recommendation to save energy as per the

motto ‘SAVE ENERGY TO REDUCE DEMAND’ .the outcome of all the

recommendation clearly shows that the payback period will reach within four years as

per today the client is agreed to implement all the recommendation within the span of

Six months.

It continues with an electrical energy audit of a 3 residential house in Chennai with a

suitable recommendations to save energy as per the motto ‘SAVE ENERGY TO

REDUCE DEMAND’ .the outcome of all the recommendation clearly shows that the

payback period will reach within four years as per today and the client is agreed to

implement all the recommendation within the span of one year.

The final stage is the execution of Electrical Energy Audit of a LT Industry in Chennai.

The electrical energy audit recommendations were simulated using ETAP Software

and it is found that there is substantial savings of energy in the Industry. These

recommendations were communicated to the Client and they have agreed to

implement it within a span of one year. This recommendation if implemented will give

a great reduction in power demand as well as tariff bill.


50

REFERENCES

1. Albert Thumann,P.E.,C.E.M., William J. Younger,’ “Handbook Book of Audit’ CRC

press Taylor and Francis Group, 2010

2. Energy conservation Hand book – prepared by Uttarakand Renewable Energy

Development Agency (UREDA), University of petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun

Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of power. Government of India.

3. J. Gomes, D. Coelho, and M. Valdez, “Energy Auditing a School Building Technology,

Professional and Artistic School of Pombal”, Proceedings of the 2011 3rd International

Youth Conference on Energetic(IYCE),2011,pp 1-6 And ChenZhongping,

4. Giuseppe Parise, Luigi Martirano and Simone Di Ponio, “Energy Performance of

Interior Lighting Systems”, IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS),

2012, pp 1-7

5. S. R. Bhawarkar and S. Y. Kamdi, “Electrical Energy Audit of a Electroplating Unit – A

case study,”InternationalConference on Recent Advancement in Electrical, Electronics

and Control Engineers, 2011,

6. Wayne C. Turner and Steve Doly, “ Energy Management Handbook”

7. Mario,E. Berges, “ Enhancing Electricity Audits in Residential Buildings with

Nonintrusive Load Monitoring”

8. Michael Lubliner, Rick Kunkle, David Hales, Andy Gordon Past, “ Present and Future

Directions in Residential Single-Family Energy Audits and Retrofits Washington State

University Energy Program”

9. Tony botkin , “HOME ENERGY AUDIT REPORT”

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