Reserve Components Reserve Components of the U.S. Militaryof the U.S. Military

&&The U.S. Army Reserve ComponentsThe U.S. Army Reserve Components

(U.S. Army Reserves)(U.S. Army Reserves)(Army National Guard)(Army National Guard)

The reserve components of the United States armed forces are military organizations whose members, generally perform a minimum of 39 days of military duty per year and who augment the active duty (or full time) military when necessary.

The reserve components are also referred to collectively as the Guard and Reserves.

The Reserve ComponentsThe Reserve ComponentsThe Reserve ComponentsThe Reserve Components

The eight (8) reserve components of the U.S. military are:

1. Army Reserve (USAR)2. Navy Reserve (USNR)3. Marine Corps Reserve 4. Air Force Reserve 5. Coast Guard Reserve 6. Army National Guard of the United States (ARNG)7. Air National Guard of the United States (ANG)8. United States Public Health Service Reserve Corps (*uniformed service, not an armed service)

Note: The Army National Guard of the United States & the Air National Guard of the United States primarily fall under the National Guard of the United States (NGB).

The Reserve ComponentsThe Reserve ComponentsThe Reserve ComponentsThe Reserve Components

The civilian auxiliaries of the U.S. military are not considered to be reserve components of the respective services but could assist the military in peacetime or wartime; the exception is the Coast Guard where upon determination by the Commandant Auxiliary members become part of the temporary Reserve (per the CG Authorization Act of 1996):

Civil Air Patrol, auxiliary to the Air Force Coast Guard Auxiliary, auxiliary to the Coast Guard Merchant Marine, auxiliary to the Navy Military Auxiliary Radio System

During times of war, the Merchant Marine is classified as part of the uniformed services & members obtain veteran status.

Civilian AxillariesCivilian AxillariesCivilian AxillariesCivilian Axillaries

According to Title 10 U.S. Code (USC), the purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever, during & after the period needed to procure & train additional units & qualified persons to achieve the planned mobilization, more units & persons are needed than are in the regular components.

Purpose of the RCPurpose of the RCPurpose of the RCPurpose of the RC

The reserve components are the embodiment of the American tradition of the citizen-soldier dating back to before the American Revolutionary War.

They are regionally based & recruited (unlike their active duty counterparts) and, in the case of the Army & Air National Guard, are the organized state militias referred to in the U.S. Constitution.

Members of the reserve components are generally required to perform, at a minimum, 39 days of military service per year. This includes monthly drill weekends (24 days) and 15 days of annual training (giving rise to the old (giving rise to the old slogan “one weekend a month, two weeks a year”).slogan “one weekend a month, two weeks a year”).

While organized, trained, & equipped nearly the same as the active duty, the reserve components often have unique characteristics. This is especially true of the National Guard, which performs both federal & state missions. In addition, reserve components often operate under special laws, regulations, and policies.

History & TraditionHistory & TraditionHistory & TraditionHistory & Tradition

The definition of the term “reserve” varies depending on the context

In most respects, the Army National Guard & Air National Guard are very similar to the Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve, respectively.

The primary difference lies in the level of government to which they are subordinated.

The Army Reserve & Air Force Reserve are subordinated to the federal government

while the National Guards are subordinated to the various state governments, except when called into federal service by the President of the United States or as provided for by law.

For example, the Kentucky Army National Guard and Kentucky Air National Guard are subordinated to the state of Kentucky and report to the governor of Kentucky as their commander-in-chief.

Reserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National Guard

This unique relationship descends from the colonial & state militias that served as a balance against a standing federal army, which many Americans feared would threaten states’ rights. The militias were organized into the present National Guard system with the Militia Act of 1903.

Besides the theoretical check on federal power, the distinction between the federal military reserves and the National Guard permits state governors to use their personnel to assist in disaster relief and to preserve law and order in times of crisis. I.E. “State Mission”

The latter is permitted because the National Guard are not subject to the restrictions of the Posse Comitatus Act unless they are under federal jurisdiction. The restrictions, however, do apply to the 4 of the other 5 reserve components just as it does with their active duty military counterparts. The U.S. Coast Guard & U.S. Coast Guard Reserve are not subject to the restrictions of the Posse Comitatus Act because they are the only Armed Force of the United States that is not part of the U.S. Department of Defense.

Reserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National Guard

Reserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National GuardReserves vs. National Guardhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTq0SxWy9TQ

USAR: there are NO combat arms USAR units, though formerly there were a full range of armored, infantry, artillery, etc. units, to include two Special Forces Groups (11th and 12th). The USAR is mainly support and training units. Typically, they are “called-up” as individuals instead of units. All four (4) services have federally owned Reserve components -- USAR, AF Reserve, USMCR, and USNR.

ARNG: There ARE combat arms units in the ARNG. The ARNG includes almost all branches of the Army (depending on the State).

The National Guard is also both a source of economic importance (jobs, building projects, etc) and prestige to the States, so any attempts to reform it at all, much less consider taking it away from the states, are typically fought tooth and nail by state governors, congressional delegations, and the National Guard Association of the United States. Only the Army & Air Force have National Guard components.

All members of a reserve component are assigned to one of 3 reserve component categories:

The READY ReserveThe READY Reserve

The STANDBY ReserveThe STANDBY Reserve

The RETIRED ReserveThe RETIRED Reserve

Reserve CategoriesReserve CategoriesReserve CategoriesReserve Categories

The Ready Reserve comprises military members of the Reserve & National Guard, organized in units or as individuals, liable for recall to active duty to augment the active components in time of war or national emergency. The Ready Reserve consists of 3 reserve component subcategories:

1. The Selected Reserve consist of those units & individuals within the Ready Reserve designated by their respective Services & approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as so essential to initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other Reserves. The Selected Reserve consists of additional sub-subcategories:

• Drilling Reservists/Troop Program Units (TPUs) . • Training Pipeline (non-deployable account) . • Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs). • Active Guard/Reserve (AGR) are National Guard or Reserve members of the Selected Reserve who are ordered to active duty or full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve component units.

2. Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) personnel provide a manpower pool composed principally of individuals having had training, having previously served in an active duty component or in the Selected Reserve, and having some period of their military service obligation (MSO) remaining.

3. Inactive National Guard (ING) are National Guard personnel in an inactive status in the Ready Reserve, not in the Selected Reserve, attached to a specific National Guard unit, who are required to muster once a year with their assigned unit but do not participate in training activities. On mobilization, ING members mobilize with their units.

READY ReserveREADY ReserveREADY ReserveREADY Reserve

The Standby Reserve consists of personnel who maintain their affiliation without being in the Ready Reserve, who have been designated key civilian employees, or who have a temporary hardship or disability. They are not required to perform training & are not part of units but create a pool of trained individuals who could be mobilized if necessary to fill manpower needs in specific skills.

Active Status List are those Standby Reservists temporarily assigned for hardship or other cogent reason; those not having fulfilled their military service obligation or those retained in active status when provided for by law; or those members of Congress & others identified by their employers as “key personnel” & who have been removed from the Ready Reserve because they are critical to the national security in their civilian employment.

Inactive Status List are those Standby Reservists who are not required by law or regulation to remain in an active program & who retain their Reserve affiliation in a non-participating status, and those who have skills which may be of possible future use to the Armed Force concerned.

STANDBY ReserveSTANDBY ReserveSTANDBY ReserveSTANDBY Reserve

RETIRED ReserveRETIRED ReserveRETIRED ReserveRETIRED Reserve

The Retired Reserve consists of all Reserve officers and enlisted personnel who receive retired pay on the basis of active duty and/or reserve service; all Reserve officers and enlisted personnel who are otherwise eligible for retired pay but have not reached age 60, who have not elected discharge, and are not voluntary members of the Ready or Standby Reserve; and other retired reservists under certain conditions.

SFC (Retired) Welch & COL (Retired) AlexanderSFC (Retired) Welch & COL (Retired) Alexander

Individual service members or entire units of the reserve components may be called into active duty (also referred to as mobilized, activated, or called up), under several conditions:

Full Mobilization requires a declaration of war or national emergency by the U.S. Congress, affects all reservists (including those on inactive status & retired members), & may last until 6 months after the war or emergency for which it was declared.

Partial Mobilization requires a declaration of national emergency, affects only the Ready Reserve, & is limited to a maximum of one million personnel activated for no more than 2 years.

Presidential Reserve Call-Ups do not require a declaration of national emergency but require the President to notify Congress and is limited to 200,000 Selected Reservists and 30,000 Individual Ready Reservists for up to 270 days.

The 15-Day Statute allows individual service secretaries to call up the Ready Reserves for up to 15 days per year for annual training or operational missions.

RC Volunteers may request to go on active duty regardless of their reserve component category, but the state governors must approve activating National Guard personnel.

MobilizationMobilizationMobilizationMobilization

MobilizationMobilizationMobilizationMobilization

Members of the National Guard (Army & Air), operate under Title 32Title 32 of the United States Code under normal circumstances.

However, once they are MOBILIZED, they then fall under Title 10Title 10 of the U.S. Code and therefore are subject to ALL the rules & regulations of the Active Duty services, including the Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ).

Mobilizations can occur for entire UNITS or for specific INDIVIDUALS.

Mobilizations are for specified periods/lengths.

The National Guard Bureau is the federal instrument responsible for the administration of the National Guard of the United States established by the United States Congress as a joint bureau of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force.

It was created by the Militia Act of 1903. This was changed by the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act, which elevated the National Guard to a joint function of the Department of Defense. This act also elevated the Chief of the National Guard Bureau from Lieutenant General (3-Stars) to General (4-Stars) with the appointment of General Craig R. McKinley, U.S. Air Force. The National Guard Bureau holds a unique status as both a staff and operation agency & now holds a set on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

National Guard BureauNational Guard BureauNational Guard BureauNational Guard Bureau

Directors, Army & Air NGDirectors, Army & Air NGDirectors, Army & Air NGDirectors, Army & Air NG

LTG William E. Ingram Jr. LTG Harry M. Wyatt III

Both Directors arecareer National Guard

Officers.

Both previously servedas Adjutant Generals of

States

Ingram = North Carolina

Wyatt = Oklahoma

U.S. Army Reserve (USAR)U.S. Army Reserve (USAR)U.S. Army Reserve (USAR)U.S. Army Reserve (USAR)

The United States Army Reserve (USAR) is the federal reserve force of the United States Army.

Together, the Army Reserve & the Army National Guard constitute the reserve components (RC) of the United States Army.

The Army Reserve was formed 23 April 1908 to provide a reserve of medical officers to the Army. After the WW I, under the National Defense Act on 4 June 1920, Congress reorganized the U.S. land forces by authorizing a Regular Army, a National Guard, and an Organized Reserve (Officers Reserve Corps and Enlisted Reserve Corps) of unrestricted size, which later became the Army Reserve.

Office of the Chief, Army Reserve (OCAR) at The Pentagon, Washington, DC

OCAR provides the Chief, Army Reserve (CAR) with a staff of functional advisors who develop & execute Army Reserve plans, policies & programs, plus administer Army Reserve personnel, operations & funding. The CAR is responsible for plans, policies & programs affecting all USAR Soldiers, including those who report directly to the Army. OCAR is composed of specialized groups that advise & support the CAR on a wide variety of issues.

U.S. Army Reserve Command (USARC) at Ft. Bragg, NC

Through USARC, the CAR commands all Army Reserve units. USARC is responsible for the staffing, training, management & deployment of its units to ensure their readiness for Army missions. The Army Reserve which consists of three main categories of units: operational & functional, support, and training. Due to Base Realignment & Closure Act, the HQ of USAR has moved to Ft. Bragg.

USAR ComponentsUSAR ComponentsUSAR ComponentsUSAR Components

The Chief, Army Reserve (CAR) is responsible for plans, policies & programs affecting all Army Reserve Soldiers, including those who report directly to the Army & also commands ALL Army Reserve units.

The Office of the Chief, Army Reserve (OCAR) is made up of specialized groups that advise and support the CAR on a wide variety of issues.

The United States Army Reserve (USAR) is the federal reserve force of the United States Army.

Chief, Army ReserveChief, Army ReserveChief, Army ReserveChief, Army Reserve

LTG Jack C. Stultz

  3rd Medical Command (Deployment Support) (MDSC) at Fort Gillem, GA7th Civil Support Command at Kaiserslautern, Germany  11th Aviation Command (Theater) at Fort Knox, KY79th Sustainment Support Command at Los Alaminitos, CA  143rd Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) (ESC) at Orlando, FL  200th Military Police Command at Fort Meade, MD311th Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) (ESC) at Los Angeles, CA  335th Signal Command (Theater) at East Point, GA377th Sustainment Command (Theater) (TSC) at Belle Chasse, LA  412th Theater Engineer Command (TEC) at Vicksburg, MS416th Theater Engineer Command (TEC) at Darien, IL  807th Medical Command (Deployment Support) (MDSC) at Salt Lake, UT  U.S.A.R. Medical Command (AR-MEDCOM) at Pinellas Park, FLMilitary Intelligence Readiness Command (MIRC) at Fort Belvoir, VA  U.S. Army Civil Affairs & Psychological Operations Command – Airborne (USACAPOC-A) at Fort Bragg, NCU.S.A.R. Joint and Special Troops Support Command

USAR Operational CommandsUSAR Operational CommandsUSAR Operational CommandsUSAR Operational Commands

USAR Support CommandsUSAR Support CommandsUSAR Support CommandsUSAR Support Commands

1st Mission Support Command at Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico  63rd Regional Support Command "Blood and Fire" at Moffett Field, CA  81st Regional Support Command "Wildcat Division" at Fort Jackson, SC  85th Support Command "Custer Division" at Arlington Heights, IL  87th Support Command "The Golden Acorn Division" at Birmingham, AL  88th Regional Support Command "The Blue Devils" at Fort McCoy, WI  99th Regional Support Command "Checkerboard" at Fort Dix, NJ  Army Reserve Careers Division at Fort McPherson, GA

USAR Training CommandsUSAR Training CommandsUSAR Training CommandsUSAR Training Commands

Training commands, institutional 75th Training Command (Battle Command Training Division) at Houston, TX 80th Training Command (TASS) "Blue Ridge Division" at Richmond, VA 84th Training Command "Lincoln County Division" at Fort McCoy, WI 108th Training Command (Individual Entry Training) at Charlotte, NC 166th Aviation Brigade at Fort Hood, TX

Training support commandsFirst United States Army East at Fort Meade, Maryland First United States Army West at Fort Carson, Colorado