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Research Seminar for RookiesPower and Energy System Roadmap – Current Status and Future Research

Prof. Norman MariunPhD, PEng, FIEM, SMIEEE (USA)

Head, CAPERFaculty of Engineering,

Universiti Putra Malaysia

27 March 2014Universitas Brawijaya

Malang, Indonesia

12 May 2008 2

Presentation Outline• Introduction – Ta’arof• Life as a lecturer• What is research?• Why do research?• When to do research?• How to do research?• Where to do research?• Who is involve in research?• Some definition• A bit of advice• The Roadmap: Power and Energy System• Formation of Research Workgroups• CAPER as an example

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“Kalau tak kenal maka tak cinta”

Position• Head, Centre for Advanced Power and Energy Research (2012-2016)• Director, UKM Perunding Jurutera dan Akitek (2008-2012)• Director of RMC, UPM (2010-2012)• Deputy Director of RMC, UPM (2009-2010)• Past Deputy Dean of Graduate Studies & Research (2004-2009)• Past HoD KEE (2000-2004)

UPM Awards• 3 time Excellence Service Award (1996, 1998, 2004)• Excellent Researcher Award Year 2006

Active with IEEE, EAC, MQA and IEM • IEEE MGA Geographic Unit Support Committee Worldwide • IEEE Power & Energy Soc Section-Chapter Relation Chair Worldwide • IEEE Asia & Pacific Region Exec Committee• Past Chair, IEEE Malaysia Section (2005-2007)• Chair, IEEE Malaysia Power and Energy Society (2001-2003)• Member of Board of Examiner IEM

International Research Award• Gold Medal, BIS, London, U Kingdom 2005• Gold Medal, EUREKA, Brussels, Belgium 2006• Gold Medal, INPEX, Pittsburgh, USA 2007• Gold Medal, IENA, Nuremburg, Germany 2008• Gold Medal, Innova, Brussels, Belgium 2009

Can I know you?

Your name, family, interest, strength (physically, mentally, spritually)

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Life as a lecturer

Core responsibilities:

1.teaching,

2.research and publication,

3.professional services.

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A career as a lecturerA career as a lecturer

IS THIS THE RIGHT MODEL?

TEACHING60%

RESEARCH10%

EXTENSION30%

IS THIS THE RIGHT MODEL?

TEACHING10%

RESEARCH50%

EXTENSION40%

IS THIS THE RIGHT MODEL?

TEACHING34%

RESEARCH33%

EXTENSION33%

IS THIS THE RIGHT MODEL?

TEACHING30%

RESEARCH30%

EXTENSION30%

ADMIN10%

In searching for balance

1. Right Mindset

2. Clear Targets

3. A System that Works for You

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“The good commander seeks virtues and goes about disciplining himself according to the laws so as to effect control over his success”

Sun Tzu

Let’s manage!!or chaos?

Shit Management Story... Shit Management Story... A little bird was flying south for the winter. It was so cold, the bird froze and fell to the ground in a large field. While it was lying there, a cow came by and dropped some dung on

it. As the frozen bird lay there in the pile of cow dung, it began to realize how warm it was.

The dung was actually thawing him out! He lay there all warm and happy, and soon began to sing for joy. A passing cat heard the bird singing and came to

investigate. Following the sound, the cat discovered the bird under the pile of cow dung, and promptly dug him out

and ate him!

Management Lessons:1) Not everyone who drops shit on you is your enemy.

2) Not everyone who gets you out of shit is your friend.3) And when you're in deep shit, keep your mouth shut!

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"Just So Stories" by Rudyard Kipling

I keep six honest serving-men(They taught me all I knew);Their names are What and Why and WhenAnd How and Where and Who.I send them over land and sea,I send them east and west;But after they have worked for me,I give them all a rest.

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What is research?

Ten views of research

1. Research is about proving your pet theories

2. Research is something done by academics or experts

3. Research is about establishing the facts

4. Research is objective

5. Research is about justifying what your funder wants to do

6. Research is able to prove anything you want

7. Research is time-consuming

8. Research is scientific

9. Research is removed from reality

10.Research is not able to change anything

Blaxter, L, Hughes, C, Tight, M, How to research, Open University Press, 2001

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What is research?

Finding out something you don’t know

The what questions – intelligence gathering

The why questions – research

Goes beyond description and requires analysis

Planned, cautious, systematic and reliable ways of finding out or deepening understanding.

Looks for: explanations, relationships, comparisons, predictions, generalizations and theories.

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“.. Research and experimental development includes creative work carried out in a systematic way to increase knowledge, including human knowledge, culture and society, and the use of these knowledge for new application….”

OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

Definition by OECD:

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Characteristic of scientific research

The distinctive characteristic of scientific research is the maintenance of records and careful control or observation of conditions under which the phenomena are studied so that others will be able to reproduce the observations.

When the person conducting the research varies the conditions beforehand in order to test directly the effects of changing conditions on the results of the observation, such investigation is called experimental research or experimentation or experimental science; it is often conducted in a laboratory.

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Role of research

…IS TO ENHANCE OR TO CONTRIBUTE

NEW KNOWLEDGE

THUS, ONE HAS TO BE :

‘THE SEEKER OF TRUTH’ AL-Ghazzali ‘THE PURSUANCE OF TRUTH’- Albert Einstein, John Nash‘THE LOVER OF TRUTH’- Betrand Russell

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Why you want to do research?

List 10 reasons why you want to do research.

Time given is 3 minutes

What made HARVARD, MIT

and CALTECH the top ranked

universities in the world?

RESEARCH

10 September 2007

8.30-9.00pm

10 September 2007

8.30-9.00pm

CITATIONS for TOP UNIVERSITIESCITATIONS for TOP UNIVERSITIES

ISI Citation For Five Years Publication (2001-2005)

NoNo UniversityUniversity Number CitationsNumber Citations

11 Harvard UniversityHarvard University 1,703,4481,703,448

22 University of California BerkeleyUniversity of California Berkeley 621,001621,001

33 University of TokyoUniversity of Tokyo 604,397604,397

44 University of CambridgeUniversity of Cambridge 525,671525,671

55 Australian National UniversityAustralian National University 147,634147,634

66 National University of SingaporeNational University of Singapore 121,335121,335

77 Chulalongkorn UniversityChulalongkorn University 10,08210,082

88 University of MalayaUniversity of Malaya 8,2128,212

99 Universiti Sains MalaysiaUniversiti Sains Malaysia 7,1197,119

1010 University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia 2,7772,777

Why do research?

• More knowledgeable in our field• University’s mission• Nation building• To be a millionaire• Promotion – to be a Professor

BECAUSE WE ARE LECTURERS!!!

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Why?

Publish or Perish

Promotion Requirements

Publicity for Oneself

Publicity for the Department

Publicity for the University

To be a Professor

To be a Professor

CIJ

Citation

h-index

10 September 2007

8.30-9.00pm

10 September 2007

8.30-9.00pm

Your research is complete only

after the results are published!!

RESEARCH

IS PUBLICATION AN OBLIGATION FOR LECTURERS?

YES!!!

No short-cut to climbing the academic ladder other than publish, publish, publish……

PUBLISH, DON’T PERISH

TAKE A BREAK

Q: What happened to your paper?Q: What happened to your paper?

A: A: AlmostAlmost ready, Sir ready, Sir

“Conversation between supervisor and student”

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Why?

Invited Seminar

Invited Paper at a Conference

To Attract New Research Students and Research Assistants

To Generate a Track Record in Research

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Why?

To Generate Research Funding

To be Invited onto Editorial Boards of Learned Journals

To be Invited onto Research Councils

To be Invited onto Government Agencies

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When?

As Early as Possible in Ones Career

When there is Something Worth Researching

Before a Competitor(s)

By Invitation – Internal or External

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When?

Certain amount of time must be allocated

Teaching load is no excuse not to do research

Sabbatical leave

Study leave

Research leave

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How?

Get into a research group.

Collaborate with like minds.

Organise research events on our research topics and invite other researchers from outside to participate in the event.

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How?

IN RESEARCH TOPICS YOU KNOW BEST

Instigate Research Projects at

Undergraduate Level

MSc Dissertations

PhD Theses

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How?

IN RESEARCH TOPICS YOU WISH TO GET INVOLVED

Read the Literature

Instigate Research Projects at

Undergraduate Level And

MSc Dissertations

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How?

OBTAIN RESEARCH FUNDING

Departmental

University

Research Councils

Ministries

Industrial

International

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How?

Complete Research Investigations in the Time Frame Allocated

Generate Drafts of Research Papers

USE

Undergraduates and Postgraduates

in the First Instance

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Where?

Your own institution

Reputable or renown laboratory or university

Get as much info as you can via internet/brochures

If possible visit the lab - facilities

Talk/communicate with potential supervisors

Find out about the research culture

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Who?

YOU and SUPERVISOR(S)

Supervisory team at least 2 appropriate academics

Select your supervisors carefully

Have they produced research papers recently?

Do they hold research grant or contracts?

Is their lab efficiently organized?

How close a relationship you want?

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Who?

YOU and CO-RESEARCHERS

Such as

Undergraduates

MSc Students

PhD Students

Research Assistants

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Who?

YOU and CO-RESEARCHERS

Such as

Fellow Academics

Industrial Partners

International Collaborators

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Who?

ALWAYS ACKNOWLEDGE

The Funding Body

The Technicians

and anyone who has helped in the completion of the research project

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Who?

YOU Individually working on a project

BUT THIS MEANS ISOLATION

(NOT A TEAM PLAYER) OR

NOT ACKNOWLEDGING OTHERS

and is not encourage in a research institution

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Some definitions: Basic

Fundamental Applied

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Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.

Basic research

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Basic research or fundamental research (sometimes pure research) is research carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. Many times the end results have no direct or immediate commercial benefits: basic research can be thought of as arising out of curiosity. However, in the long term it is the basis for many commercial products and applied research. Basic research is mainly carried out by universities.

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Basic research advances fundamental knowledge about the human world. It focuses on refuting or supporting theories that explain how this world operates, what makes things happen, why social relations are a certain way, and why society changes.

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Basic research is the source of most new scientific ideas and ways of thinking about the world. It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory; however, explanatory research is the most common.

Basic research generates new ideas, principles and theories, which may not be immediately utilized; though are the foundations of modern progress and development in different fields.

Basic research rarely helps practitioners directly with their everyday concerns. Nevertheless, it stimulates new ways of thinking about deviance that have the potential to revolutionize and dramatically improve how practitioners deal with a problem.

Nonetheless, basic research is essential for nourishing the expansion of knowledge. Researchers at the center of the scientific community conduct most of the basic research.

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Oriented basic research is research carried out with the expectation that it will produce a broad base of knowledge likely to form the background to the solution of recognized or expected current or future problems or possibilities.

Oriented (Strategic) basic research

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Pure basic research is research carried out for the advancement of knowledge, without working for long-term economic or social benefits and with no positive efforts being made to apply the results to practical problems or to transfer the results to sectors responsible for its application.

Pure basic research

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Basic Research - means a systemic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and observable facts without specific applications towards processes or products in mind.

Applied Research - means a systemic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary to determine the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met. It is a systematic application of knowledge toward the production of useful materials, devices, and systems or methods, including design, development, and improvement of prototypes and new processes to meet specific requirements.

What is the difference between applied research and basic research?

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If the investigation is conducted with a view to obtaining information directly useful in producing objects with commercial or practical utility, the research is called applied research.

Investigation conducted for the primary purpose of discovering new facts about natural phenomena, or to elaborate or test theories about natural phenomena, is called basic research or fundamental research.

What is the difference between applied research and basic research?

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What is the difference between applied research and basic research?

Basic Research is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are.

Applied research is generally carried out to solve a problem.

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Basic Research (Exploratory) to understand a phenomena/problem/issue

new approach to explain a phenomena

involves theories and high understanding in a particular discipline

involves pushing out the frontier of knowledge

Applied Research (Problem-solving) look at particular problem in real world

bring all intellectual resources to bear solution

involves variety of theories and methods

may be inter-disciplines

10 September 2007

8.30-9.00pm

10 September 2007

8.30-9.00pm

Keywords

Basic Research• Investigation• Study• Analysis• New theory• Etc..

Applied Research

• Development• Design• Application• Etc..

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These are keywords that have to be appropriately used for a particular type of research in stating the title

and objectives, as well as in describing the methodology.

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A bit of Advice

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Advice

For an academic, research is a must

Must be highly motivated

Need to plan and manage carefully

We cannot produce excellent results in research if we do not enjoy doing research

A lot of supplication and tawajjuh in Allah swt

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Misconduct of Research

Fabrication of data

Falsification of data

Plagiarism; direct copying of material, use of other people’s data without acknowledgement, use of ideas from other people without adequate attribution

Misleading ascription of authorship including the listings of authors without their permission, attributing work to others who have not in fact contributed in the research, and the lack of appropriate acknowledgement of work primarily produced by a research student/trainee or associate

Australian Vice Chancellor’s Committee 1995

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References

1. Phillips, EM, Pugh, DS,How to get a PhD, McGraw Hill. 2005

2. Blaxter, L, Hughes, C, Tight, M, How to research, Open University Press, 2001

3. Cryer, P, The research Student’s Guide to Success, Open University Press, 2000

4. Phelps, R, Fisher, K, Ellis, A, Organizing and Managing your Research, SAGE Publications Ltd, 2007.

The Roadmap: Power and Energy System

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"Energy in form of electricity represents the most controllable, convertible and flexible energy source for our modern society. Electrical energy is used to power everything from small devices requiring only microwatts to large factories and plants requiring 100 megawatts and more. Power grids cover whole countries and continents and make electrical energy available as a utility service we all take for granted. Electrical engineering has its basis in electrodynamics, material science and mathematics. Electrical energy provides the “muscle” in automation. The working group will look into future development in power engineering, how new requirements and possibilities given by information technology can contribute to solve future challenges of electricity generation and consumption. Changes due to new technologies, new regulations and increased focus on sustainability cause increased diversification in generation and use of electrical energy. Distributed (or embedded generation), virtual utilities, smart devices and buildings and new regimes for power system operation are aspects that the working group will cover. Advances in computational engineering and material science (e.g. nanotechnology, magnetics and polymers) open new possibilities."

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Predictions considered More diversification of the power delivery

system.        Increased use of distributed (embedded)

power generation and storage. Wind power, small hydro, micro-turbines, bio and even photovoltanics.

       Mix of primary energy source for the power market. Hydro, coal, gas, nuclear and new renewables.

       Traditional vertical utility companies are replaced by independent power producers, energy service providers, transmission and distribution network owners and system operators.

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Predictions considered The need for premium power. Premium power is

a term used for ultra reliable, high quality electric energy service. Requires embedded production and storage facilities.

Information system making end customers responsive to real time production costs. System making automatic changes in end consumers power demand. Today prices are only present in the wholesale market.

Increased efficiency by more intensive use of (power) electronics to control load. On a global basis, about 50% of all electricity is used by non controlled motors.

Advanced tools for planning and operation of the system.

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Power Production

The future demands for electricity depends on several factors such as technological development, economic growth, social development and political decisions. However, in order to facilitate an economy based on increased productivity with more intensive use of information technology and automation, electricity is needed

What is forecast annual percentage increase for the next 50 years for Indonesia?

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Power Production

The future demands for electricity depends on several factors such as technological development, economic growth, social development and political decisions. However, in order to facilitate an economy based on increased productivity with more intensive use of information technology and automation, electricity is needed

What is forecast annual percentage increase for the next 50 years for Indonesia?

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Power ProductionThe new production can be provided from several sources: Wind, hydro, gas, bio and the sun. Future production mix depends on political decisions, such as tax and regulations, cost and technology advances.

What is the current policy on energy production?

Uncertainties related to gas price, investment cost for pipelines and CO2 emissions (tax, re-injection) are some of the reasons to consider.

FiT?04/21/23 69

Power Production

One of the big challenges is to make the control and state monitoring systems cheap enough to deal with distributed resources. In the past, few but large units made the information volume easy to handle. With many small units maybe in magnitude 1000:1 compared with the traditional plant size, one faces a tremendous growth in data volume. At the same time the distributed system must work with information highways of lesser reliability than for large power plants, the system must not commonly fail due to shutdown of data channels.

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Power ProductionOn top of this, value measurements needed for accountancy and condition monitoring adds to the data volume. Routines for handling data series with gaps in an acceptable way are a necessity.

Advances in power electronics will play a major role in a successful inclusion of distributed generation. Large wind-mill, micro turbines, photovoltaics, full cells and energy storage units all need power electronics for grid connection. This gives rise to new challenges, but does alto open up new possibilities. Reduced cost and increased efficiency of power electronics is necessary.04/21/23 71

System Planning and Production

On top of this, value measurements needed for accountancy and condition monitoring adds to the data volume. Routines for handling data series with gaps in an acceptable way are a necessity.

Advances in power electronics will play a major role in a successful inclusion of distributed generation. Large wind-mill, micro turbines, photovoltaics, full cells and energy storage units all need power electronics for grid connection. This gives rise to new challenges, but does alto open up new possibilities. Reduced cost and increased efficiency of power electronics is necessary.04/21/23 72

System Planning and Production

Two major challenges will be dominating the system planning and operation:

1.The availability of peak capacity

2.The expansion of the transmission system

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System Planning and ProductionThe future system planning and operation will have to deal with many different sources and with different characteristics to provide balance between supply and demand as well as smaller margins in the transmission system operation. Advanced sensors and monitoring techniques will make the system “smart”, enabling better real time estimation of the state of the system and to continuously update contingency plans. Online analysis and control will become a critical element for a safe future operation of the system. Real time access of data and the capability to analyse and interpret the results in due time in order to counteract in case of disturbances are mandatory.

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Power TransmissionA major motivation for the restructuring has been cost reduction, and the transmission system operators are forced to reduce the operation costs and also to justify the maximum transfer capacity on important transmission corridors in the system. It is also very difficult and time-consuming to get permission to build new transmission lines.  Operating closer to physical limits is the main topic.

.

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Power TransmissionPower electronic equipment (e.g. FACTS) is now introduced in the system with the purpose to better utilize the existing transmission infrastructure and to improve flexibility of the system operation. Some of these components address the power flow distribution while others address the dynamics. Increasing capacity and lower price will cause these to be widely used. A major challenge will then be coordination between all the dynamic elements in the system where the collecting and interpretation of real-time information will be crucial.

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Power TransmissionImproved cables and superconducting devices are likely to be widely used in the future power transmission systems. These will permit higher transfer capacity.• 

Distributed generation will also be an important contribution for the future power transmission system. Local generation close to the consumer will reduce the transfer requirements while penetration of large solar or wind farms will introduce other challenges. A breakthrough on storage technology will become very important for the utilization of distributed and renewable generation.

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Power DistributionThe distribution system operates on the medium voltage level (6 kV – 36 kV). Indonesia? In power distribution, power flow direction is unidirectional, from the transmission network to end-consumers connected to the low voltage level. Some industry users connect directly to the medium voltage level. In future to accommodate the needs for increased reliability, quality, service and customization, distributed resources are foreseen. This will alter the power flow in the distribution system. New means of protection, power management/planning and new hardware are needed.

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Power DistributionDistributed resources near load centres are most likely introduced for premium power purposes, i.e. to provide a secure supply in case of disturbances in the main grid. New concepts such as islanding of self-sustained micro grids will be introduced for customers with high power quality requirements.

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Power DistributionIn order to increase reliability, outage time and load ability more meshed topologies will be present. This calls for new devices to handle fault situations. New devices based on power electronics combined with advanced protection system can respond to abnormal situations in less than one millisecond. Today’s mechanical systems typically need 30-50 milliseconds to act. Outage times can be reduced from typically one hour to some milliseconds. Power electronics are also foreseen to be introduced for inclusion of distributed generation, power flow control and power conditioning. Generally, power electronics will move from being more or less absent in medium voltage, to play a dominant role in some specific networks

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Electric MachineryElectrical machinery is used both as generators of electrical power and motors where electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. In OECD countries, motors consumes about 60% of all electrical power. The industry has traditionally been a manufacturer of large generators for hydro power generation. Lately the focus of the industry has been on advanced motor drives in traditional industry, shipping and offshore applications.

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Electric MachineryThe induction machine is the industry standard, used in most fixed speed applications. Due to relatively low overall cost and no need for power electronics control in fix speed application, this machine will still be one of the volume products in the future. The research on induction machines focus on energy efficiency.

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Electric MachineryThe flexibility and performance of power electronics has revolutionized electrical motor drives. Variable speed and high quality torque control is now available at acceptable cost for industry applications. A large number of process applications utilize these new motor drives to make new energy efficient industry plants. Similarly are a lot of large modern electric drives used in ship propulsion and compressor and pump offshore applications.

Research on modern motor drives including power electronics and advanced control systems is to be continued into 2020. Reduction in cost and simplification in installation/programming causes a penetration of motor drives in the constant speed market of today.

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Breakers and SwitchgearsFor medium voltage systems, several new developments are foreseen:

1.Power electronics for connection of distributed resources

2.Breakers using power electronic devices for fast and precise operation.

3.Ultra compact switchgear that can be buried in the streets (no visibility)

4.New, low cost solid insulation systems (thermoplastics)

5.Automation and communication system for remote metering, power flow control and operation of distributed resources.

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“Goals must be big! If you expect to make it big, then you have to work on it everyday”

Zig Ziglar

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Formations of WRGs

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Questions??

Terima kasih