RESEARCH PROCESS : AN INTRODUCTION · 2020. 12. 1. · research process : an introduction dr dinesh...
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RESEARCH PROCESS : AN INTRODUCTION
DR DINESH KUMAR WALIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE CHANDIGARH
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AN INTRODUCTION
DR DINESH KUMAR WALIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE CHANDIGARH
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PLANNING AND DESIGNING OF RESEARCH Objectives and Discussion:
• What is Research?
• Why Research Conducted?
• What are different types of Research?
How? Where? When?
Research:
• Logical effort to solve some difficulty experienced in the context of theoretical knowledge or practical solutions.
Research Question:
• Uncertainty about something which a researcher want to resolve by making observations.
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PLANNING AND DESIGNING OF RESEARCH Research Problem:
• Some difficulty experienced in the context of theoretical knowledge or practical situations or both, which a researcher want to solve.
Research
Descriptive Exploratory Explanatory
What, When, Where To formulate Why? ExplainHypo. Causes
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APPROACHES OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH T-1 T0 T+1
Health related situation
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Descriptive: - One situation at one time/different times - Several situations at one time/different
times Explanatory: - Concerned with causes about some
phenomena Exploratory: - No/little information
- To diagnosis situations, screeningalternatives, new ideas, est. of hypo, case studies on clinical manifestations, surgicalcomplications, adverse reactions etc.
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CHOICE OF A RESEARCH TOPIC RESEARCHABLE: - Practical and theoretical relevance. - Utility of the RP - Feasibility - Reliable Information - Capable of developing hypothesis - Acceptable, Applicable, Ethical Guidelines: - Avoid saturated areas - Think what, why and how? - Individual Interest - Decide clear-cut objectives - Feasibility
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SOURCE OF SELECTION OF RP - Earlier Research / Review
- Experience
- Prevalent Theories
- Govt. Priorities
- Imaginations
- Observed Situations
- Personal Curiosity
- Adoption of newer technology
- Prevalent theories / review
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CHOICE OF A RESEARCH TOPIC Qualitative
Quantitative Types of Research
Qualitative Research: - No representative sampling - No strict sampling design - Description of experiences - Helpful in estab. Hypo. for future res. - Non quantitative analysis Quantitative Research: - Representative sampling - Strict sampling design - Prior Hypothesis - Quantitative & Qualitative Analysis with all scales of
measurements.
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CHOICE OF A RESEARCH TOPIC - RP should be focussed on assessing relationship between
two or more concepts. - Several research questions / objectives - Clear statement and possibility of data collection - No ethical problem - Practical and theoretical relevance - Beneficial to the community - Implications to clinical practice Factors Affecting Selection of Topic: - Researcher’s interest - Research Question - Research Model and Research Value - Units of study - Time and cost schedule
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BROAD AREAS OF RESEARCH - Experimental - Applied - Operational (Evaluation & Monitoring) Broad Classification: - Quantitative Research - Qualitative Research Types of Research: - Exploratory / Formulative - Experimental - Descriptive - Evaluation - Explanatory / Casual - Pure Vs Applied - Basic Research - Epidemiological Research - Clinical Research
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APPROACHES OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH
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E+
D+
D-
E+
E-
D+ E+
D- E-
l
D+
E- D-
E+ D+
E- D-
Case control Cross Sectional Cohort
Recall Past Exposure Record outcome
D+
D-E-
E+
E-
E+D+
D-
E+D+
D- E-
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PLANING OF RESEARCH
STEPS INVOLVED
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STEPS INVOLVED IN PLANING OF RESEARCH
• Objectives of Survey/Study • Information to be collected • Target Population and Sampled
Population • Optimum Sample Size • Sampling Design • Study Design • Questionnaire/Schedule
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•Organization of Field Work •Data Collection •Problem of Non-Response •Data Analysis •Report Writing •Guidance for Future Work
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