Problem Identification

CTET Research Capability Building

Research

• Research is a process of building a model to describe a real-life system and/or validating the model through empirical observations. As a process, research is a system systematic way of arriving at answers to substantial and well-defined problems.

Roberto Padua, 2000

Model • Abstraction of some real-life phenomenon or

events consisting of components called elements and therefore interactions or relationships amongst these elements. The research process in itself, therefore, is concerned with developing accurate and dependable models capable of reproducing the reality it is trying to describe.

Benders,1978

Research Writing

• Each discipline has its own discourse, conventions and styles

• Written for specialized readership• Communicates complex ideas and

information• Employs technical terminologies• Encompasses a range of text-types

Research on Teacher Education• Research activities largely focuses on the

teaching-learning process,• Several research endeavors involving

experimental designs or model have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of new methods and strategies of teaching.

• Modifications of earlier techniques of teaching were developed and tested in using well-defined research procedures.

• Research in theory of learning complements the efforts on the side of research in teaching

Examples• Attempts to develop a comprehensive

description and definition of intelligence using factor analysis

• Concept-mapping in Science• Retention and Memory• Artificial intelligence (a blended of classical

learning theories and computer technology)

Problem Identification

• The study is useful in the academe if it has theoretical significance,• Studies with practical significance

contributes to the expansion of knowledge and improvement of the system that support human life and happiness

A research situation may exist when…

• There is a recognized discrepancy between what is ideal and is actual;

• There is a question as to why the discrepancy exists, and

• There are at least two probable answer to the question.

A research condition does not exist when there is only one probable answer to the question

Fisher, 1991

Some problems may be defined by…• Incidence and prevalence – refers to the rate of

occurrence and length of time the event in a population/group within specific period.

• Geographic Areas Affected – refers to the particular area/s affected by the problem.

• Probable Explanation of the problem – a good review of available information should suggest a number of plausible explanation of existence of the problem.

• Possible solution- recurrent problems that have existed for a long period of time must have been met already by some attempted solutions.

Sources of research problems• The Library (theses and dissertation

recommendation for further studies portion)• The Classroom (students, leadership, delivery,

supports, stakeholders)• Your Interest (what topic fascinates you most,

read – books, magazines, journals, etc…)• Your Job (productivity, effectiveness,

organizations, etc.)

Characteristics of a good Research

Aquino,1988

1. Gathers new Knowledge or data from primary or first hand sources,

2. It is logical and objective, applying every possible test to verify the data collected and the procedure employed,

3. Research endeavors to organize data in quantitative, if possible, and express them as numerical measures, and

4. Research is carefully recorded and reported.

Sevilla, 1990

1. It should be interest to you2. It should have practical value to you, your

school or community,3. It should be over researched,4. It should carry a novel idea5. It should be w/in your experience6. It can be finished w/in an allotted time,7. It should not carry legal or moral impediments.

Activity 1. Identify topic of interest among your

group,2. Based from your experiences, identify

issues, gaps, problems on the topic of interest you have chosen,

3. List down these problems4. Formulate a research problem based on

the identified problems5. Construct a research title

Thank you for listening Folks!!!