Research priorities and biomass potentials in the Danube Region:

the role of JRC and possible synergies with the Danube

Bioenergy Nexus (DBN)

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Vincenzo Motola European Commission

Joint Research Centre (JRC) Institute for Energy and Transport

Renewables and Energy Efficiency Unit

Who are we?

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Institute for Energy and Transport 1 of the 7 scientific institutes of the JRC Our mission: “provide support to Community policies and technology innovation to ensure sustainable, safe, secure and efficient energy production, distribution and use and to foster sustainable and efficient transport in Europe” Main activities:

Renewable energies Sustainable & safe nuclear energy Energy techno/economic assessment Hydrogen and fuel cells Clean fossil fuel Energy efficiency Security of energy supply Sustainable transport

JRC: the European Commission's in-house science service

As a Directorate-General of the European Commission, the JRC provides customer driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of European Union policies.

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https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research/crosscutting-activities/danube-strategy

JRC Scientific support to Danube strategy Four thematic clusters: Danube Water Nexus (DWN) Danube Land and Soil Nexus (DLSN) Danube Air Nexus (DAN) Danube Bio-energy Nexus (DBN)

Three horizontal activities: Danube Reference Data and Service Infrastructure (DRDSI) Smart Specialisation Danube Innovation Partnership (DIP)

This initiative aims at bringing together experts in Bioenergy from the whole area and a specific attention

will be paid to associating

- National institutions (including research institutions)

- International partners (including the International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 43 on Biomass

feedstock for energy markets)

- EU Initiatives such as the JRC Enlargement/Integration/ Neighbourhood Programme or Horizon 2020

Annual forum for EU strategy on Danube region, Vienna 2014

http://www.danubeforumvienna.eu/page.php

JRC-SECB-UABIO Expert Consultation held in Kiev, Ukraine 2014, Use of Agricultural

Residues for Bioenergy

http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/remea/events/use-agricultural-residues-bioenergy-workshop

One workshop in preparation in Germany, Baden Württemberg, September 2015

Danube Bioenergy Nexus

Some partners involved in the Danube Bio-energy Nexus

• Serbia : Novi Sad University; • Ukraine : Scientific Engineering Centre Biomass (SECB),

Bioenergy Association of Ukraine (UABIO); • Austria: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

(BOKU) • Croatia: Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar (EIHP) • FYROM: Faculty Agriculture, Science and Food • Slovakia: Natural Forest Centre • Romania: Forest Research and Management Institute • Others……

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9 EU Member States AT, BG, HR, CZ, DE, HU, RO, SK and SI 7 non-EU countries UA, MD, RS, BiH, AL, ME and FYROM Sectors - Heating/Cooling - Electricity - Transport Biomass supply - Forest - Agriculture - Waste

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Bioenergy deployment in Danube Region

Expected growth of bioenergy in Danube Region

In 2020 bioenergy is expected to cover 57.8% of total RES in EU Danube Countries

Source: Bi-annual progress reports and NREAPs DE- bioenergie.fnr.de

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Monitoring Bioenergy development

Sectoral analysis of bioenergy development

RES and bioenergy targets and perspectives

Assessing biomass demand vs. potential

Addressing sustainability

wheat, barley, oat, rye, maize, rapeseed, rice and sunflower

Energy potential of crop residues

production collection available energy potential

(kt) (kt) (kt) (ktoe) DC 179,251 78,790 72,352 30,242 EU28 286,718 122,668 101,486 42,419

Energy potential of crop residues

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Optimal collection Incorporating the effect of residue removal rates on SOC stock change

Agro-ecosystem Century Model

Soil data – European Soil Database – ESDB

Climatic data – University of East Anglia

Agricultural land - Corine Land Cover 2006

Crop residues collection

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Forest database

Forest area

Growing stock

Net annual increment

Annual fellings

Forest maps

• Forest area

• Forest biomass increment and growing stock

Technical constraints

infrastructure accessibility

topography

elevation

slope

GIS-based assessment of forest biomass

Integrate detailed ground information from National Forest Inventories with remote sensing and modelling tools for a spatially explicit assessment of forest biomass potential.

Environmental constraints

biodiversity protected areas riparian areas

soil protection/soil erosion elevation slope soil properties

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Estimation of Above Ground Biomass increment from MODIS NPP/GPP data (1 km resolution)

theoretical potential (Mm³) forest biomass stemwood forest residues

DC 314 259 55 EU28 925 764 161

• Average maps of GPP and NPP estimates for 2000-2010

• The MODIS GPP map was adjusted from upscaling of FLUXNET CO2 and H2O fluxes observations using the Model Tree Ensemble technique (Jung et al. 2011)

• Above ground biomass increment computed using Ise at al. (2010) approach

• Country/regional level validation using NFI data

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Digital Elevation Model

Forest Maps - LAEA

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Spatial distribution of forest potential

Roads in Europe Slope gradient map

Above Ground Biomass Increment

Forest Protected areas

Forest Biomass

Forest management mask

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medium mobilisation potential (Mm³)

forest biomass stemwood forest residues

DC 194 161 33 EU28 590 494 96

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Biogas Potential from Cattle Manure Danube region

Cattle biogas [TJ/year]

Pig biogas [TJ/year]

348,487 30,436

Theoretical energy manure biogas potential (inside Danube Basin)

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Biogas Potential Livestock Hungary

Extending RES sustainability criteria to solid and gaseous biomass, The Hague, Uppsala, Toronto, 2012 - JRC, IEA, INAS, NL Agency

Scientific/Technical Networking

Biomass resource assessment for biofuels/bioenergy and competition with other biomass uses, Eberswalde University/EEA, Eberswalde, Germany, 2009. SRF, SRC and Energy Grass in the European Union: Agro-environmental component, present use and perspectives, 2007, Harpenden -EEA, Rothamsted. EU Forest-based biomass for energy: cost supply relations and constraints, Metla/EFI, 2007, Joensuu

Sustainable Bioenergy Cropping Systems for the Mediterranean, Madrid 2006 - JRC, EEA, CENER, CIEMAT. Cereal straw resources for bioenergy in the European Union, 2006, Pamplona, - CENER. Cereals straw and agricultural residues for bioenergy in New Member States and Candidate Countries, 2007, - Novi Sad.

Agro-environmental impact of biofuels and bioenergy (EUROCLIMA), UNICAMP/CTBE Campinas, Brazil, 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels and bioenergy (EUROCLIMA), INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2011.

The effects of increased demand for biofuel feedstocks on the world agricultural markets and areas, Ispra, 2010. Review and inter-comparison of modelling land use change effects of bioenergy, OECD/EEA, Paris, 2009. Direct and indirect impact of biofuel policies on tropical deforestation in Malaysia, MPOC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2008.

PERSPECTIVES CONTINUING BIOENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT(AGRI, FOREST, WASTE) FOR THERMAL, HEAT, POWER, BIOMATERIALS IDENTIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY RELATED TO SUPPORT SCHEMES FOR BIOENERGY BIOENERGY AND BIOECONOMY HTTP://IET.JRC.EC.EUROPA.EU/REMEA/SUPPORT-EU-STRATEGY-DANUBE-REGION-EUSDR

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iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/remea

Joint Research Centre (JRC) Robust science for policy making