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Transcript of RESEARCH PAPERS. RESEARCHING Collecting the pieces from your anchor text, reputable websites,...
RESEARCH PAPERS
RESEARCHING
Collecting the pieces from your anchor text, reputable
websites, historical archives, scientific or medical journals,
newspaper articles, reliable books, etc.
Start with your topic, questions, & keywords
Take notes, identify quotes you plan to use
Document sources as you go
WHY USE QUOTES?The essay you write for class must be your essay. It
should be your own ideas and in your own
words. However, many essay assignments will ask that
you use sources or quotes. Why would you use quotes in
an essay that is supposed to be your own work? 1. To prove that your ideas are correct 2. To illustrate your point of view 3. To demonstrate how you arrived at an original
idea of your own 4. When the quote will have an impact on your
readers
WHEN TO USE QUOTES
Usually, you will not use any quotes in your essay’s introduction.
The paragraphs in the body of your essay will begin with your topic
sentence (the statement that tells the readers what the rest of the
paragraph will be talking about). Do not start a paragraph with a
quote.
After you have given the topic sentence and explained what you will
be writing about in your paragraph, you can consider using a quote
that proves or illustrates what you claimed in your topic sentence.
Do not end a paragraph with a quote.
QUOTES CANNOT STAND ALONE
• O’Brien’s character in his novel, The Things They
•Carried, is able to sort through his emotions by
•writing about what he experienced in Vietnam.
Topic Sentence
• The method of story-telling is effective for him,
•because “by telling stories, you objectify your own
•experience. You separate it from yourself. You pin
•down certain truths” (158).
Quotation
•His stories thus become a type of therapy for him
•where O’Brien can discover the lessons he learned
•without feeling directly involved.
Relevance
HOW TO USE QUOTESA quote should never appear in a sentence by itself because then there is no context for the quote. Integrate your quotes!Example: Men are the sole cause of the war. “May God forgive the men who brought about this war” (Rhodes 260). *Here, the reader can be confused or the reading can be disturbed because there is no warning that a quote is coming, and there is no context for the quote. (Dropped quote)
Example: Men are described as the sole cause of the war when Christian Rhodes states, “May God forgive the men who brought about this war” (Rhodes 260). *Here, the reader knows that someone else’s opinion is being used to support your own idea, and it gives a context to the quote.
SHORTEN LENGTHY QUOTES
•Ellipses Points •If you want to make a long quote shorter in order to present the reader with a more concise quotation, do so using an ellipse, which is three periods.
•Example: The narrator shows her belief that landscape can affect the human when she says that “the sound of that tinkling brook, for ever rolling by, filled my heart with a strange melancholy, which for many nights deprived me of rest. I loved it, too. The voice of waters in the stillness of night, always had an extraordinary effect upon my mind” (107) (Original Text)
•The narrator shows her belief that landscape can affect the human when she says that “the sound of that tinkling brook…filled my heart with a strange melancholy….The voice of waters…always had an extraordinary effect upon my mind” (107).
BLOCK QUOTE FORMAT
If you are quoting 4 or more lines of text (as it shows in your paper), indent
the quoted lines ten spaces from the left margin. Double-space the quote as
you do the rest of your essay, and do not use quotation marks.
Example: Douglass is particularly blunt in his assessment of “Christian”
behavior in the south:
I assert most unhesitatingly, that the religion of the south is a mere covering for the most horrid crimes – a justifier of the most appalling barbarity, - a sanctifier of the most hateful frauds, - and a dark shelter under, which the darkest, foulest, grossest, and most infernal deeds of slaveholders find the strongest protection. (53)
Any source information that you provide in-text
must correspond to the source information on the
Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal
word or phrase you provide to your readers in the
text must be the first thing that appears on the left-
hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works
Cited List.
For more information on MLA format, consult
Purdue Owl online.
CHECKING YOUR SITES
RELEVANCE: Does it support my argument or
thesis?
DATE: When was it published? When was it revised?
Has the author of the page stopped updating it?
SOURCES BEHIND THE TEXT: Are sources
documented? Are references scholarly, popular, or
reputable?
THIS CAN BE HELPFUL FOR YOUR ENTIRE L IFE
You will be using information to make
important decisions!• Which car should I buy?• Which doctor should I choose?• Should my child have this surgery?• Should I take this medication?
Is your information reliable, credible,
current, balanced, relevant, and accurate?
Direct Quotes:
Author and page number
after quote
Put in context
Reporters stated, “Manson
looked crazy” (Smith 231).
TAKING NOTES
Information and details
Author and page numbers for
all information (in case you
decide to quote or paraphrase)
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is the act of
presenting the words, ideas,
images, sounds, or the creative
expression of others as your own.
IF
you have included the words and
ideas of others in your work that you
neglected to cite,
you have had help you wouldn’t want
your teacher to know about,
YOU HAVE PROBABLY
PLAGIARIZED!
Intentional• Copying a friend’s work• Buying or borrowing
papers• Cutting and pasting
blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting
• Media “borrowing”without documentation
• Web publishing without permissions of creators
2 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
Unintentional• Careless
paraphrasing• Poor
documentation• Quoting
excessively• Failure to use
your own “voice”
IS THIS IMPORTANT?
What if:• Your architect cheated his way through math
class. Will your new home be safe?• Your lawyer paid for a copy of the bar exam
to study. Will the contract she wrote for you stand up in court?
• The accountant who does your taxes hired someone to write his papers and paid a stand-in to take his major tests? Does he know enough to complete your tax forms properly?
DO I HAVE TO CITE EVERYTHING?
Facts that are widely known, or
Information or judgments considered “common
knowledge”
Do NOT have to be documented.
EXAMPLE: John Adams was our second
president
The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
on December 7, 1941
3 STRATEGIES TO USE
Quoting - Quotations are the exact words of an author, copied directly
from a source, word for word. Quotations must be cited in MLA formate
Paraphrasing -Paraphrasing means rephrasing the words of an author,
putting his/her thoughts in your own words. When you paraphrase, you
rework the source’s ideas, words, phrases, and sentence structures with
your own. It will usually be the same length as the quote. Must be cited in
MLA format also.
Summarizing - Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) of one or
several writers into your own words, including only the main point(s).
Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad
overview of the source material.
Works Cited at the top of the
page and centered
Entire page double spaced
Alphabetical Order by
author’s last name
Hanging
Indentations
WORKS CITED
Use a website like
citationmachine.net or
easybib.com to help you create
one with proper punctuation
Header in upper right
because it is the last page of
your paper