Research-Open Access-Social Media

A winning combination

More visibility Higher impact

Eileen Shepherd

Principal Librarian : Faculty Liaison Services Science & Pharmacy

Rhodes University Library Grahamstown, South Africa

e.shepherd@ru.ac.za

Open Access Week Symposium Rhodes University 21 October 2014

This presentation endeavours to:

to show that “social media and open access [are] a great couple”*

to provide a brief introduction to altmetrics – a non-traditional

form of measuring scholarly impact to demonstrate the use of social media in raising awareness

and visibility of Rhodes University research

*Open access and social media: helping science move forwards. Evidently Cochrane. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/pftvx5h

Traditional bibliometric methods of evaluating academic research Citations

h-indices A scholar with an h-index of 18 has published 18 papers each of which has been cited in other papers at least 18 times

Journal Impact Factors In any given year, the impact factor of a journal is the average number of citations received per paper published in that journal during the two preceding years

supplemented in the

past 5-6 years by the development of altmetrics i.e.(alternative metrics or article level metrics)

“The creation and

study of new metrics based on the Social

Web for analyzing and informing scholarship” http://altmetrics.org/about/

Traditional bibliometrics have been

Do / should / will social media feature in academia?

Social media and

scholarly communication?

“…….. Web 2.0 applications will have an increasing role in the scholarly communication process. While research shows that take up in academia is at a relatively low level (although at least two UK-based Vice Chancellors now have a Twitter following), many publishers are providing wiki-based forums for specific journals or disciplines facilitating discussion on, and sharing of, research findings…” Woodward, H. (2010) Dissemination Models in Scholarly Communication, New Review of Academic Librarianship, 16:S1, 1-3, DOI:0.1080/13614533.2010.514763

Do academics use social media in the course of their research?

: Survey Results

“Giant academic social networks have taken off to a degree that no one expected

even a few years ago*

Survey asked how researchers used social networks and/or profile-hosting or search services

Received: 3,500 responses from 95 countries

*Van Noorden, R., 2014. Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network. Nature, 512(7513), pp.126–129. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/lo3fgn4

8 Sites in order of popularity with researchers (330 regular visitors)

61%

1%

12%

48%

8%

8% 12%

40%

38%

22%

4%

5%

Van Noorden, R., 2014. Online collaboration: Scientists and the social

network. Nature, 512(7513), pp.126–129. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/lo3fgn4

9

Scholarly use of Twitter

Reasons for using Twitter

330 regular users from 3500 respondents

49% Follow discussion 46% To post work 42% Discover papers 40% Discover peers 40% Comment on research 36% Share links to content

From ‘Nature’ survey

Due to the increasing variety of online references to research,

and also of tools for sharing research…

A confusing array of social media choices:

C

How do we measure impact and how is research communicated & shared via the Web?

New tools needed to measure 10

Enter : altmetrics

new approach to determining quality/popularity of research value can be assessed by tallying shares, saves, reviews,

adaptations & social media usage no longer a FAD

shows impact of research outside of the academy limitations? need to develop a way to differentiate between

scholarly & sexy research ; vulnerable to gaming databases & publishers: incorporation of altmetrics in search

results Konkiel, S., 2013. Altmetrics : A 21st-Century Solution to Determining Research Quality. (Cover story). Online Searcher, 37(4), pp.11–15. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/lrvlu6g

Origin of the term: altmetrics

Who is collecting & sharing altmetrics? A cluster of servers that watch social media

sites, newspapers, government policy documents and other sources for mentions of scholarly articles. Brings all the attention

together to compile article level metrics http://www.altmetric.com/

Tracks more than 20 different types of artifacts, including journal articles, books,

videos, presentations, conference proceedings, datasets, source code,

cases, and more http://www.plumanalytics.com/

Open-source, web-based tool that helps researchers explore and share the diverse

impacts of all their research products https://impactstory.org/

14

Example of altmetrics

Use of Altmetric bookmarklet 15

Altmetric stats

Click for more details Get this bookmarklet for your toolbar

http://www.altmetric.com/bookmarklet.php

Bookmarklet in toolbar

More details – from previous slide

Another example of altmetrics in action

Note the “Article metrics” option on the Nature webpage

Article metrics – from Nature webpage

Altmetrics data for article – accessed by using altmetrics bookmarklet

Example using an article indexed on Scopus

Scopus now includes Altmetrics at article level

Article indexed on Scopus – embedded Altmetric details

Embedded Altmetrics on Scopus : the details

Register for email updates when this article is shared

Altmetrics demographics for article

and Mendeley readers : details

Same article on Mendeley

More about

Impressive support base

US$500,000 grant from Sloan Foundation

28

Example of an ImpactStory profile

NB Register for your own ImpactStory profile

https://impactstory.org/

Beyond the traditional

Social media ‘stats’: what do/could they offer?

Provide evidence that relevant communities are aware of a specific paper Provide evidence that a

relatively under cited paper is having a research impact Provide evidence of public

interest in…

Indicate a pathway for research to reach a wide range of audiences Compare readership of

articles across countries Compare communities

discussing articles - science communicators, researchers, policy makers, practitioner communities…

Neylon, C., (2014) Altmetrics can signal flows of information for paths in scholarly communication not yet mapped. Impact of Social Sciences. Available at: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/10/07/altmetrics-what-are-they-good-for/

Future of altmetrics? …[these] numbers …are signals of the flow of

information down paths that we haven’t mapped. • most exciting possibility…only just starting to

explore. • who is using that information? • correlation analysis can’t tell us this, but more

sophisticated approaches might • with that information …could design scholarly

communication systems to maximise their reach, value and efficiency

Neylon, C., (2014) Altmetrics can signal flows of information for paths in scholarly communication not yet mapped. Impact of Social Sciences. Available at: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/10/07/altmetrics-what-are-they-good-for/

Open Access + Social Media = Competitive Advantage

How can open access outperform its tenacious,

institutionalized competition, the traditional top-tier journals?

Perhaps through its intimate relationship with social

media.

Blogging, tweeting, publicly discussing research > benefits for scientists, journals, and even society, > increased

debate and transparency

Tabor, A., (2012) Open Access + Social Media = Competitive Advantage. http://tinyurl.com/pqrv4ds

James Balm, Social Media Assistant BioMed Central

combining research & social media to deliver a message that is accessible to everyone and make science exciting

draw significant attention to [specific] research papers Facebook and Twitter, help bring approximately 25,000

visitors to BioMed Central research papers per month engage / discuss important issues that affect the science

community and to discuss new research, its quality and validity

*Open access and social media: helping science move forwards. Evidently Cochrane. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/pftvx5h

Recent Altmetrics conference in London sponsored by Wellcome Trust

Presentations and review of conference:

http://tinyurl.com/ovfjods http://tinyurl.com/palxkqk

Worth a visit

ScienceDirect – “social media” featured in top 25 downloads in 2nd quarter of 2014 Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media Business Horizons, Volume 53, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 59-68 Kaplan, Andreas M.; Haenlein, Michael Most downloads Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix • Business Horizons, Volume 52, Issue 4, July 2009, Pages 357-365 Mangold, W. Glynn; Faulds, David J. 3rd highest downloads Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media Business Horizons, Volume 54, Issue 3, May 2011, Pages 241-251 Kietzmann, Jan H.; Hermkens, Kristopher; McCarthy, Ian P.; Silvestre, Bruno S. 7th highest downloads

Social media in academia?

So what! Why should I care?

I DON’T HAVE TIME FOR THIS

I’LL PASS ON THIS ONE

Practical example of the use of social media in an academic context in order to highlight

research output

How are Rhodes University librarians using social media to raise research visibility?

http://www.ru.ac.za/library/

Putting it together

@RhodesResearch Twitter account – articles, conference papers, theses, reports of research, etc. are tweeted regularly

These are re-tweeted on subject-related Twitter accounts

which are embedded in our Subject LibGuides – increase

visibility Subject blogs – monthly posting of research (presently

Science & Pharmacy) output with links to articles/papers which Rhodes Library Facebook & Twitter then advertise

@RhodesResearch - Twitter account https://twitter.com/RhodesResearch

Initiated as an experiment

in May 2013: with sole purpose of

promoting Rhodes research output

Alerts to Rhodes-affiliated research:

Other sources:

How is Rhodes research information sourced by librarians?

Web of Science Scopus EBSCOhost Sabinet ResearchGate SAePublications

Academic department websites & researchers Rhodes University webpage Media Word of mouth GoogleScholar author alerts

Article on publisher’s site

Use the DOI in the Twitter link to the article

Publisher’s website : “Share” options

Sharing is facilitated by the fact that

more and more publishers are

including ‘share’ options at article-level – makes it so much easier

Say it with a #hashtag!

Make your Tweets more visible

.

Albany Museum #AlbanyMuseum Biochemistry #RUBiochem Biotech Innovation Centre (RUBIC) #RUBiotech

Botany #RUBotany Chem #RUChem ComSci #RUComSci EBRU #RUEBRU Env Sci #RUEnvSci Geography #RUGeography Geology #RUGeology HKE #RUHKE IWR #RUIWR Maths #RUMaths Pharmacy #RUPharm Physics #RUPhysics Stats #RUStats Zoo #RUZoo

#RUIWR- example of standardised hashtag

for academic departments

#tags for RU Science Depts

@RUBiochemnews follows @RhodesResearch

Retweets from @RhodesResearch

@RULPharmNews follows @RhodesResearch

@RULPharmNews ‘Follows’ @RhodesResearch and re-tweets relevant articles, thus providing extra exposure to RU pharmacy research

Embedded ‘tweets’ in the Pharmacy Subject Guide

Tweets appear automatically in the

embedded RULPharmNews twitter account

Faculty blogs post monthly list of Rhodes research

http://rulscipharm.blogspot.com/

Rhodes Library Facebook page: Advertising RhodesResearch

https://www.facebook.com/RhodesUniversityLibrary

Rhodes Library Twitter site: Advertising Rhodes Research

Interest in @RhodesResearch

288 followers ( as at 20 Oct 2014) Rhodes students About 20 Rhodes academics & support staff Professional & Research organisations Publishers / journal editors Journalists / media organisations Academic librarians (non-Rhodes) Individuals (other than Rhodes students & staff)

@RhodesResearch followers: Research & other organisations

No of followers @EzemveloScience KZN wildlife (572) @HSP_70 Scientific Resource (18) @CSIR Council Science SA (2710) @ASSAf_Official (179) @SAPECS_TWEETS social-ecological systems (48) @FormularyIE Irish Medicines (598) @OWSD_SA Women in Science (75) @ISSF sustainable tuna fishing (4620) @GreenMatterZA environmental (347) @GreenLeagueZA environmental (118) @SAStats (4458)

@RhodesResearch followers: Research & other organisations

No. of followers @Research Africa Research funding (439) @SAYAS_SA Young Academy of Science (139) @ASSAf_Official Academy of Science SA (179) @ACEP_ZA Coelacanth programme (256) @agingandsociety US aging research (173) @NHLSBRC Bio-Resource Center (3) @ELIDZSTP1R&D facilities (26) @eoth_moz community-based conservation (592) @EiffelCorpSA educational technology (17) @prospectpredict business development USA (635) @DorringtonResGr microbiologists (20) @SASBi_Bioinf Society for Bioinformatics (132)

@RhodesResearch followers: Publishers, journal editors, media

No of followers

@SasjaSA SA Science Journalists' Association (475) @Rhodes_JMS Rhodes School of Journalism (586) @Ecquid_Novi African Journalism Studies (145) @TheJournalistSA Context & history for key issues (454) @alphagalileo breaking research news - London (2656) @Awesomelastus journalist – Zambia (637) @struandouglas freelance journalist (82) @MakanaEdutouris promotes travel for learning (167) @SciBraai features: SA research-technology-innovation (659) @hwasser Prof of Media Studies – UCT (2094)

@RhodesResearch followers: Publishers, journal editors, media

No of followers @cdnsciencepub scientific & technical journals (2562) @CG_Publishing academic publishers – Illinois, USA (99) @SAJS_Official SA Journal of Science (108) @sarahemilywild Science editor, Mail & Guardian (2592) @Steven_Lang journalist (260) Dalton Transactions Royal Soc Chem journal (2270) @Grocotts local newspaper (2180) @mishsolomon freelance journalist – Johannesburg (3817) @scientist_kenni Science Communicator – Cape Town (327)

@RhodesResearch followers: Individuals – a selection

No of followers @Anneke1976 Programme Dir. Amsterdam Fringe Festival (925) @brocksaglio Canadian academic (Geography) (205) @pat_loria Academic library director (359) @RickMavrovich Global Executive Strategist (2920) @CazV7776 social worker (94) @JustinBlakeZA marine biologist (291) @kveerubhotla Pharmacist – India (14) @Morgs_John Scientist – Cape Town (39) @SarahGoodier open access proponent - UCT (784) @CarolineDean academic librarian – UCT (96) @gsulc UCT academic & education writer (220) @schwarzwild1 communications specialist – Germany (119) @BonnieAgea researcher, writer, commentator – Tanzania (180) 26 Rhodes University academics / support staff

From research alert to the world! “The retweet is one of the most commonly used tools on Twitter, and is a great way to pass on interesting

tweets that you have read [to] your followers.”

Twitonomy site: retweets from @RhodesResearch

http://twitonomy.com/

Twitter Analytics of Followers

https://analytics.twitter.com/about

Reaction from Rhodes University community

Polite interest Mild interest Total disinterest Faint enthusiasm Scepticism Implied ridicule

Thanks for doing this Retweeting of tweets Research items for tweeting Interest in using for Department

Resulted in some interesting

responses from academics

Alerting researchers to the use of Twitter to highlight their research

From: Eileen Shepherd [mailto:e.shepherd@ru.ac.za] Sent: 11 September 2014 11:16 AM To: ……………………………………… Subject: Crisis! What Crisis? The Multiple Dimensions of the Zimbabwean Crisis

Hi ……………….. Thought you might like to see your article is featured on @RhodesResearch https://twitter.com/RhodesResearch regards Eileen

Response from historian From: ……………………………………. Sent: 11 September 2014 11:20 AM To: 'Eileen Shepherd' Subject: RE: Crisis! What Crisis? The Multiple Dimensions of the Zimbabwean Crisis

Wow, thank you. Very innovative of you guys. Keep it up. From: Eileen Shepherd [mailto:e.shepherd@ru.ac.za] Sent: 11 September 2014 11:16 AM To:……………………….. Subject: Crisis! What Crisis? The Multiple Dimensions of the Zimbabwean Crisis Hi ……………………. Thought you might like to see your article is featured on @RhodesResearch https://twitter.com/RhodesResearch Regards Eileen

Another example, with response: Chemist

From: …………………. Sent: 28 August 2014 04:59 PM To: Eileen Shepherd Subject: Re: MRSA pyruvate kinase inhibitory activity of synthetically derived thiazole containing deoxytopsentin analogues

Thanks so much Eileen, this is quite exciting! Kind Regards, ……………… On Thu, 2014-08-28 at 11:57 +0200, Eileen Shepherd wrote: > Hi ……………………. > > Thought you might like to know your article is featured on > @RhodesResearch https://twitter.com/RhodesResearch >

Some reflections regarding @RhodesResearch experiment

Is it worth continuing? Yes Enhanced engagement with research & researchers Time-consuming

An added dimension to job responsibilities

But interesting And stimulating Provided an opportunity to engage with developing field of altmetrics

References Balm, J., 2014. Open access and social media: helping science move forward. Evidently Cochrane. http://www.evidentlycochrane.net/open-access-social-media-can-help-science-move-forwards/ Gunasekaran, S. & Arunachalam, S., 2014. The impact factors of open access and subscription journals across fields. Current Science, 107(3), pp.380–388. http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/107/03/0380.pdf Hitchcock, T., 2014. Twitter and blogs are not add-ons to academic research, but a simple reflection of the passion that underpins it. Impact of Social Sciences. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/07/28/twitter-and-blogs-academic-public-sphere/ Konkiel, S.P., 2014. The Imperative for Open Altmetrics. Journal of Electronic Publishing, 17(3). Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3336451.0017.301 Macpherson, E., 2014. Four things policy-makers need to know about social media data and real time analytics. Impact of Social Sciences. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/08/01/four-things-on-social-media-data-for-policymakers/ Neylon, C., 2014. Altmetrics: What are they good for? | PLOS Opens. http://blogs.plos.org/opens/2014/10/03/altmetrics-what-are-they-good-for/ Tabor, A. 2012. Open Access + Social Media = Competitive Advantage. https://www.mysciencework.com/news/6350/open-access-social-media-competitive-advantage Wing, K., 2014. Scientists across disciplines must get to a better agreement on social media metrics. Impact of Social Sciences. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/09/29/what-are-scientists-doing-on-twitter/ Woolman, J. 2014. Social media outcomes in academia: engage with your audience and they will engage with you. Impact of Social Sciences. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/09/24/social-media-outcomes-academia/

Thank you for listening! Please Follow @RhodesResearch

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