Research on Vulnerable Populations

The other model

                                                                      

A line of people wait to get a drink of water in the overcrowded Warsaw ghetto which housed about half a million Jews. Photo Credit: Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi War Crimes, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

                                                     

A young man in the Warsaw ghetto eats some food. Ration cards allow ghetto residents 300 calories of food daily.Photo credit: Meczenstwo Walka, Zaglada Zydów Polsce 1939-1945. Poland. No. 138.

Dr. Emanuel Ringelblum (1900-1944), one of the leaders of the Anti-Fascist Bloc in the Warsaw ghetto, organized the underground ghetto archives. His Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto gave detailed accounts of daily events and conditions. He was murdered by the Gestapo in March, 1944.

3 of 10 metal boxes and 2 milk cans in which Dr Ringelblum hid materials to preserve information about life in the ghetto. In September, 1946, the metal boxes were discovered under the ruins of a house. In December, 1950, the milk cans were recovered.

Warsaw Ghetto

Professor Witold Orlowski

Transnistria, situated in south-west Ukraine, was created by the Romanian dictator, Marshal Ion Antonescu, in 1941. It was designated for the annihilation of Jews deported from Romania. Territorially, Transnistria was the largest killing field in the Holocaust. Many refer to it as "The Romanian Auschwitz". The name existed until 1944, when the Soviet Army re-conquered southern Ukraine.

Dr Arthur Kessler in 1973

                                                         

Dr. Janus Korczak was a writer, educator, and patron of children to whom he remained faithful to the end. Not wanting to abandon the orphans entrusted to his care in the Warsaw ghetto when they were condemned to death by the Nazis, Korczak refused a chance to save himself. He was voluntarily deported, with the children of his orphanage, on August 6, 1942 and died with them at Treblinka.Photo credit: Meczenstwo Walka, Zaglada Zydów Polsce 1939-1945. Poland. No. 234.