Sensitization and Recall of Anti-Brucella Immunity Virulent Brucella
Research on the formation of new virulent pathotypes of … · Pathotypes in EPPO region. •About...
Transcript of Research on the formation of new virulent pathotypes of … · Pathotypes in EPPO region. •About...
Research on the formation of new virulent pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc., the causal agent of potato wart disease.
Jarosław PrzetakiewiczPlant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Department of Plant Pathology, Laboratory of QurantineOrganisms, Radzików, 05-87 Błonie, Poland
Pathotypes in EPPO region.
• About 40 different pathotypes of the fungus were identified in
Europe (Baayen et al., 2006).
• New pathotypes have been detected recently: 38(N1) in Turkey
(Çakir et al., 2009) and 39(P1) in Poland (Przetakiewicz, 2015).
• New outbreaks have been observed in countries with a warmer
continental climate, such as Turkey, Georgia, Bulgaria or Greece
(Çakir, 2005; Dimitrova et al., 2011; Gorgiladze et al., 2014; I.
Vloutoglou pers. comm., 2015).
• Several Polish virulent isolates had the same profile as other ones
detected in other European countries
Polish map with marked districts where living spores of S. endobioticum were detected.
Only winter sporangia in
Bydgoszcz & Toruńdistricts
Only winter sporangia in Żywiec
district.
Warted plants & winter sporangia
Only winter sporangia in
Grodzisk district
A map of Lesser Poland Province with marked communes where S. endobioticum still occurs.
Dębno
Skawica
S. Beskidzka
Zawoja
N. Targ
Cz. Dunajec
B. Tatrzańska
M. Podhalański
R. Zdrój
Lesser Poland lies in the Vistula River catchment area.
Life cycle of S. endobioticum.
Differenti
al
cultivars
Nu
mb
er
of
test
ed
Ro
tte
n s
pro
uts
No
re
acti
on
Laboratory assessment
Tota
l
Mean
Score
Remarks
Resistant Susceptible Resis
tance
grou
p
Classification1 2 3 4 5
Evora 45 45 45 5.0 S2 Extremely susceptible
Irga 45 45 45 1.0 R1 Extremely resistance
Erika 45 45 45 4.0 S1 Slightly susceptible
Reaction of cv. Evora, Irga & Erika to pathotype 1(D1) 4 weeks after inoculation.
Reaction of cv. Erika, Irga & Evora to pathotype 1(D1) 4 weeks after inoculation (GL).
Warts from cv. Erika after the first passage.
• Pathotype determination of the first generation.
Warts from cv. Erika after the
second passage.
• Pathotype determination of the second generation.
Warts from cv. Erika after the third passage.
• Pathotype determination of the third generation.
Warts from cv. Erika after the
second passage.
• Pathotype determination of the fourth generation.
Step by step of modified Potoček’s tube test.
Plastic rings are fixed using warm paraffin.
Inoculation Incubation Visible proliferation on sprouts.
The warts ready for diagnostic.
Three generations of pathotype 1(D1) on cv. Erika (2013).
WS from p. 1(D1)
WS from I generation
WS from II generation
I
II
III
Reaction of cv. Irga to pathotype pathotype 1(D1) (left) and after tree generations on cv. Erika (right)–2 weeks after inoculation (GL, 2013).
I
II
III
Reaction of cv. Spunta to pathotype 1(D1) & warts from the 3rd
generation selected on cv. Erika (GL, 2013).
Reaction of cv. Erika after 2 generations (2015).
Reaction of. cv. Irga & Combi to warts from on warts of the 2nd generation selected on cv. Erika (GL, 2015).
Reaction of differential cvs. to isolates of S. endobioticumselected from 1(D1) on Erika after 2 generations (GL).
NoDifferential
cultivarsIsolates of S. endobioticum
#E/15/1 #E/15/2 #E/15/3 #E/15/4 #E/15/5 #E/15/6 #E/15/7 #E/15/81Deodara + + + + + + + +
2Tomensa + + + + + + + +3Eersterling + + + + + + + +
4Producent + + + + + + + +
5Combi + + + + + + + +6Saphir - - - - - - - -
7Delcora ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±8Miriam - - - - - - - -
9Karolin - - - - - - - -10Ulme - - - - - - - -
11Asche Sämling - - - - - - - -
13Desiree ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
14Talent + + + + + + + +15Gawin - - - - - - - -
16Bałtyk + + + + + + + +17Giewont + + + + + + + +
18Universal + + + + + + + +
19Blanik + + + + + + + +20Irga + + + + + + + +
+ Positive reaction (big warts),
- Negative reaction (no warts),
± Intermediate reaction (partially proliferation of sprouts),
Virulence profiles of different pathotypes of S. endobioticum.
+ Positive reaction (big warts),
- Negative reaction (no warts),
± Intermediate reaction (partially proliferation of sprouts),
Cultivar Virulence profiles of S. endobioticum pathotypes
1(D1) 2(G1) 6(O1) 8(F1) 18(T1) 2(Ch1) 3(M1) 39(P1) #/E/15
Deodara + + + + + + + + +
Tomensa + + + + + + + + +
Eesterling + + + + + + + + +
Evora + + + + + + + + +
Producent - + + + + + + + +
Combi - + + + + + + + +
Spunta - + + + + + + + +
Saphir - + - - - - - - -
Otolia - ± - - - - - - -
Delcora - - ± + + + - + ±
Miriam - - - ± + ± - + -
Karolin - - - - - - - - -
Ulme - - - - - - - - -
Asche Sämling + + + + + - + - -
Désirée - - ± + + + - + ±
Talent - - - + + + + + +
Gawin - - - - - - - - -
Bałtyk - + ± + ± + + ± +
Giewont - - ± + + + + + +
Universal - + + + + + + + +
Blanik - - + + + + + + +
Irga - + + + + + + + +
Nicola - - - - - - - + -
Conclusions
• Cultivation of slightly susceptible cultivars to pathotype 1(D1) (in the fields infested by the spores of the fungus in regions with favorable climate for S. endobioticum) may leads to emergence of new virulent pathotypes.
• Under favorable conditions, the selection of virulent pathotypes require 2-3 seasons (years).
• The same virulent pathotype can be selected from 1(D1) on the specific cultivars many times in different regions.
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