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Research on Teaching (RT) and Research on Teaching Physical Education (RT-PE) KNR 158 Instructional...
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Transcript of Research on Teaching (RT) and Research on Teaching Physical Education (RT-PE) KNR 158 Instructional...
Research on Teaching (RT) and Research on Teaching Physical
Education (RT-PE)
KNR 158
Instructional Strategies in Physical Education
RT & RT-PE(Research on Teaching-PE)
For the most part research on teaching PE has followed the lead of educational research.
Much of what PE investigators know about good teaching evolved from research in non-activity (classroom) settings
Research on Teaching: A Historical Look
Began in 1940’s: methods required judgements about whether a teacher was good or bad.
Used rating scales (subjective)Much of the research was poorly done/disappointing
1950’s and 1960’s: suggested some process variables were desirable characteristics of good instruction (classroom climate, teacher warmth)
Outcome of this work- unable to tie the variables to student learning
A Historical Look – Cont’d.
Late 1960’s /1970’s : The search for generic teaching behaviors effective in all classrooms. Little success due to array of classroom situations.
Beginning of research to answer question: What do teachers do (process) that results in student achievement (product)?Known as process-product modelFactors were identified showing some promise
as being related to student achievement.
1980’s and 1990’s The arrival of
qualitative methods Research from the
perspective of the teacher and students (attitudes, beliefs about what they are doing/learning)
Research that tended to provide a detailed description of the learning environment and helped us understand context and complexity of the gym
Critical Factors Related to Student Learning in Physical Education
Several variables have emerged from research on teaching that have been shown to have a relationship with student learning.
What do good teachers do? Use direct
instruction task oriented classclear instructional
goalsstructured learning immediate relevant
feedbackstudents on task
Academic Learning Time (ALT)
Defined as the amount of time that students are engaged at an appropriate level of difficulty with the content to be learnedthe single most crucial variable related to
learningregular and appropriate practice
ALT – Cont’d…. Success Rate: 80% success rate has been
recommended (close to 50% is more realistic) Quality Practice: related to and contributing to
the learning goal Teacher Use of Time: maximize activity time Good Management Skills: maintain order and
appropriate behavior. Students do what they are supposed to do
Effective Teaching Practices Use of Direct Instruction Provision of relevant (specific) and
immediate feedback Use of appropriate step-by-step
progressions using clearly presented tasks
Teacher Expectancy
We are not that old! RT-PE has established
itself as a legitimate field
What is known about what good teachers do in PE has only emerged over the last 25 years