Research in Genetics
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Transcript of Research in Genetics
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Research in Genetics
Dr. Helena Seth-SmithG and L 1987-1994
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Cambridge
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What I’ll talk about...
• Science as a career
• Career structure in science
• My Ph.D. project
• The Sanger Institute
• A day in the life...
• Questions
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Science as a career
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Science as a Career
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Interesting
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Use your brain
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Continue learning
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Discover the unknown, and pursue it
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Expert in your field
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Freedom of research
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Flexible work
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Variety within work
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Active
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Not a traditional job for life
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You can travel with jobs
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You can travel with conferences
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South Africa - Kruger
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Zimbabwe – Victoria Falls
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South Africa – Cape Town
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Puerto Rico
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Young and varied people
- casual
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Further personal development
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You don’t do it for the money
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Science has geeks
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But other professions have issues too
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Career structure in science
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Career Structure in Science(not that you have to decide early on)
Postdoctoral position
Undergraduatedegree
Ph.D.Lectureship
(Professorship)
Second postdoc...
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Undergraduate degree
– Natural Sciences for choice of subjects•First year: cell biology, physiology, chemistry, maths
•Second year: molecular cell biology, biochemistry,
history and philosophy of science•Third year: Genetics
– Can lead to a number of careers
– Need 2.1 or above for PhD
– Format: lectures and practicals
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Ph.D.
– Format: research (papers and lab work)– Choose a subject you are interested in– Autonomy : planning– Social life, sport, teaching ... – Produce a MAJOR piece of work (STRESS!!)– Useful skills for other jobs
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Postdoctoral position
– Continue in same field or choose to learn another
–Location, location, location
–2-3 years to do publishable research
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Second postdoc...
– Ditto– And maybe ditto again– Find your own niche / area of interest– Or move into industrial science
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Lectureship
– Own research group
and teaching– Permanent post– More permanent location– Fewer women
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(Professorship)
– Highest level in academia– Head of Department
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My Ph.D. Project:Microbial Degradation of RDX
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Bacteria eating explosives
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Explosives are dangerous...
...to our
health
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Explosive polluted sites
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Explosives in bombs
CH3
NO2
NO2
O2NTNTTrinitro-
toluene
N N
N
NO2
NO2O2N
RDXRoyal demolition explosive
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Seeing bacteria eating explosives
RDX makes the
agar on the plate
look white and
grainy
Where RDX has been eaten and removed, agar is clear
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Up close and personal
(Electron microscopes don’t show orange!)
5m
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Growth curve
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 24 48 72
Time (h)
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The gene I discovered
Gene..... makes... Protein
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Gene in plants
Normal, wild type plants - get sicker as they are grown with more explosive
Plants with my gene in - healthy when grown with explosive
more explosive in the soil
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The future
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The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
www.sanger.ac.uk
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The Sanger Institute
AIM: To sequence and analyse genomes, for future research on human biology and disease
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Organisms with Sequenced Genomes
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From organism to DNA...
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...to sequence
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A day in the life...
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A day in the life
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A day in the life
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A day in the life
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A day in the life
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A day in the life
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A day in the life
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A day in the life
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Conclusion
• Worthwhile career
• Plenty of time to decide
• Huge variety of research projects
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Thanks for your attention!
Questions…?
Slides and contact details at:www.sanger.ac.uk/Users/hss/
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DNA double helix
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My work at the Sanger Institute
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Comparing bacteria
Nice bacterium
Nasty, infectious bacterium Very similar to nice bacterium What are the differences? Can the genes tell us about infection?
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Name a bug after yourself!
•Walter H Burkholder
•Burkholderia cepacia
•Degrades pollutants, infects plants, infects human lungs, helps crops
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