Research findings 2013 · 2018. 4. 2. · Ambiant TºC S17- 60 mono2 flat sand+SBR S18- 60 mono3...
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Research findings 2013 Dr. Eric Harrison, Consultant FIFA Quality Programme 18 March 2014
Transcript of Research findings 2013 · 2018. 4. 2. · Ambiant TºC S17- 60 mono2 flat sand+SBR S18- 60 mono3...
Research findings 2013 Dr. Eric Harrison, Consultant FIFA Quality Programme 18 March 2014
Agenda
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1. Protecting your investment through maintenance Empirical data on the effects of maintaining artificial turf fields
2. Tackling the problem of heat A pathway to solving the issue
PROTECTING YOUR INVESTMENT THROUGH MAINTENANCE Empirical data on the effects of maintaining artificial turf fields
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Aim
• Prevailing view: no maintenance needed
• 2 objectives
o Define what sort of maintenance is the most effective
o See effect on playing performance and safety
Research Organisation
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Protocol
• 7 artificial turf fields in Western France
o Rennes: Square de Berry, Stade Salengro
o Laval: Gandonniere, Hippodrome
o Le Mans: Fontennelle
o Angers: Stade de l’Arceau, Bertin
Protocol
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3 tests: prior to maintenance, directly after maintenance, 1 month later
Testing Procedure Maintenance Effect on System
Component
Ball Rebound Performance Infill and Fibres
Ball Roll Fibres
Force Reduction Performance Infill
Deformation Performance Infill
Energy Restitution Performance Infill
Rotational Resistance Performance infill and fibres
Research Execution
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4 DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES
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Oscillating Brush
Trinangular Brush Brush & Rake
Rotary Brush
• Field divided into 4 quadrants
• Each technique responsible for one quadrant
Maintenance
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CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR TEST
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Date 1.7.2013 2.7.2013 7.8.2013
Surface Temp. 24.1°C 22°C 27.9°C
Humidity 58.1 % 51 % 69 %
Surface condition Dry Dry Dry
RESULTS
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BALL ROLL
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Test Position
1. Test Mainte-nance
2. Test No mainte- nance
3. Test
1 10.96 ↓ 10.42 ↑ 11.91
2 12.02 ↓ 10.79 ↑ 13.21
3 12.36 ↓ 10.14 ↑ 13.67
4 12.24 ↓ 10.7 ↑ 13.07
5 12.75 ↓ 11.204 ↑ 13.23
6 12.02 ↓ 10.16 ↓ 11.75
7 10.86 ↓ 9.93 ↑ 12.42
8 12.57 ↓ 10.99 ↑ 14.32
9 11.79 ↓ 11.66 ↑ 13.63
10 11.74 ↓ 8.95 ↑ 13.45
11 12.57 ↓ 11.16 ↑ 13.55
12 11.65 ↓ 10.98 ↑ 12.44
• Significant changes recorded
• Oscillating brush generates the creates overall relative average change
• Least effect with Triangular brush
• After 1 month increase of values for 3 machines
BALL ROLL
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• No differences between the machines
• Only small increase of results (lower ball rebound)
• Without maintenance, shock pads have an influence on ball rebound
BALL REBOUND
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• No consistency between results
• Less resistance on 5 fields due to the loosened infill
• 2 fields with increased Rotational Resistance
• Studs penetrating into the sand layer
• Loose infill is a temporary effect
• All values fulfil the FIFA requirements
ROTATIONAL RESISTANCE
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DEFORMATION
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• Discrepancy between different fields
o Largest relative decrease of -11.2 %
o Largest relative increase of 5.99 %
• Drag brush & rake with greatest overall change (average of -3.08 %)
o Max: -11.2 %
o Min: 1.9 %
• After 1 month deformation remains negative
• Consolidating of the infill for most systems
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
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• Maintenance improves performance and safety immediately after maintenance
• Without continuing maintenance only minor long-term effects
• Most significant effect with all machines on ball roll: impact on speed of the game
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR MY FIELD?
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• Regular maintenance is essential for the Playing performance and safety
o Frequency depends on the playing hours
• Special machineries have a bigger influence on special values
o Oscillating brush on Ball Roll
o Drag brush & rake on Deformation
• Shock pads might have a positive influence on the Ball Rebound
Tackling the
Problem of heat
A pathway to solving the
issue
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• Commonly perceived issue
• Results from the player perception survey
• Affects player safety
• Affects player performance
• Has been a research priority since 2011
Why study heat?
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Methodology and parameters
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• Get reliable data an temperature occuring on football turf
• Determine influence of materials on heat build-up
• Analyse different points of measurement within the sample
• Aim: get a reproducible methodology
• Climatic chamber
• 24 hour cycle
• Established standard: MIL-STD-810 505.5
• Choice of hot dry climate (A2)
o Ambient air temperature 30-43° C
o Relative humidity 14-44%
o Solar radiation 0-1120 W/m2
Methodology
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Samples
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• TEST 1: surfaces
Data from 8 different surfaces including natural, unfilled and filled
• TEST 2: infills
Standard 60mm monofilament with 11 different infills
• TEST 3: yarns/carpets
9 different carpets all filled with same sand and SBR
Results
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• The methodology can be used as means to classify systems
• Results are most significant 5mm below the infill
• There are significant differences between systems in all three tests
• - Surface temperature between 41°C and 80°C - Type of infills vary between 41°C and 69°C
• - Type of turf vary between 57°C and 66°C
Results – example of graph
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Results – example of graph
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Irradiance W/m2Temperature °C
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Test 1 - Systems comparison - Basic hot conditions A2 - Infills surface temperature
Ambiant TºC S1-Natural grass S3-60 mono1 + sand+SBR
S4- 60 mono+PS layer+sand+SBR S5-60 mono+sand+EPDM1 S6-60 mono+sand+organic wet
S7-40 mono+shockpad+sand+SBR S8-40 mono+shockpad+sand Irradiance
Results – example of graph
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Irradiance W/m2Temperature °C
Hour of the day
(hour)
Test 3 - Infills comparison - Basic hot conditions A2 - Infills surface temperature
Ambiant TºC S3- 60 mono SBR soil S5- 60 mono EPDM S6- 60 mono orga wet
S9- 60 mono SBR coated S10- 60 mono Mix (SBR+sand) S11- mono SBR+cork layer S12- 60 mono SBR+ TPE layer
S13- 60 mono EPDM2 S14- 60 mono TPE1 S15- 60 mono TPE2 S16- 60 mono Orga dry
Irradiance
Results – example of graph
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Irradiance W/m2Temperature °C
Hour of the day
(hour)
Test 4- Turfs comparison - Basic hot conditions A2 - Infills surface temperature
Ambiant TºC S17- 60 mono2 flat sand+SBR S18- 60 mono3 flat sand+SBR S19- 60 mono4 flat sand+SBR
S20- 60 mono5 "S" sand+SBR S21- 60 fibrilated sand+SBR S22- 60 twisted sand+SBR S23- 65 mix mono+fib -sand+SBR
S24- 65 mix mono+fib - sand+SBR S3- 60 mono1 sand+SBR Irradiance
Results – example of outcome
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What does this tell us
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• Results allow classification of systems
• Not every user may see heat as the same problem
• Tenders can indicate categories according to priority
• Guidance for the buyer
• Encouragement to develop cooler systems
• Think of it like the EU energy efficiency label
Why choose this approach?
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When and how?
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• Test method to be part of manual 2014
• Every lab report must include this test result
• Every product declaration (specs sheet) must indicate heat category
• FIFA method will be made available beforehand
• Key: sample preparation
Thank you
