Research Collaboration
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2008 Winner • Lipid chemistry expertise • Analytical equipment – HPLC, TLC, Sulfur • Short path evaporator for biodiesel purification • Biofuel process expertise USDA Eastern Regional Research Center • Bubble column reactor research • Analytical lipid testing • Methods of fractionation of grease • Process modeling • Life cycle assessment • WERF funding Drexel University • Sources of grease trap waste samples • Database on generation of grease trap waste • Knowledge of waste Management practices • Use of biodiesel in fleet vehicles Russell Reid Waste Management • Sources of scum grease samples • Testing secondary wastewater • Standardized experimental methods • Evaluation of system scenarios • Use of biodiesel in fleet vehicles Philadelphi a Water Department • Formed to research commercialization of Grease-to-Biofuel process • Longitudinal study of GTW • Conversion of lipids to FAME • Process development • Commercial feasibility • EPA SBIR funding Environment al Fuel Research, LLC Research Collaboration Abstract Drexel University’s team has developed a process to extract grease from wastewater and convert it into biodiesel. Waste greases are an untapped source of high value fuel, if you can concentrate the grease, remove impurities, and achieve stringent fuel standards. Meeting these challenges produces a fuel with a lower carbon footprint than both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel. This poster presents results from an EPA P3 funded project and ongoing research. Drexel University Team Chemical & Biological Engineering: Prof. Richard Cairncross, Megan Hums, Cory Melick, and over 20 other students Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics: Prof. Nicolas Cernansky, Colin Stacy and over 15 other students Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering: Prof. Mira Olson, Prof. Sabrina Spatari, and over 10 students Out of the Frying Pan and Into the Fuel Tank Novel Reactor Design for Biodiesel Production CONTACT INFORMATION: Richard Cairncross [email protected] 215-895-2230 3141 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, PA 19104 Chemical & Biological Engineering Drexel University BCR is robust for: • Low-value grease feedstocks • Various alcohols • Elevated water content Fuel Life Cycle Biodiesel Chemistry and Research Conventional biodiesel production: • Refined vegetable oils (FFA-lean triglycerides) • High feedstock cost • Cheap processing Alternative biodiesel production: • Waste fats, oils, and greases (FFA- rich) • Degraded and dirty Low feedstock cost • More difficult processing Biodiesel is a renewable fuel • Can substitute for, or blend with diesel • Lower emissions than petroleum diesel • Domestic supply of energy Purification of Biodiesel by Short-Path Distillation Crude FOG biodiesel is •Dirty •High in sulfur content •Difficult to separate Short-path distillation purifies biodiesel: •Under high vacuum •Low temperature •Reduces sulfur •Crude: 201 PPM •Residue: 776 PPM •Biodiesel: 27 PPM (ASTM grade = 15 Wastewater Small-Scale Biodiesel Plant Trap Grease Biodiesel Waste Sediments (1)Separatio n (2)Conversi on (3)Purifica tion Bubble Column The views expressed on this poster are not necessarily those of the EPA, Drexel University or the Collaborating Partners From Kitch en Grease Trap Waste Sediments To Sewer s FFA Biodiesel by Bubble Column Reactor What Happens to FOG (Fats, Oils and Greases) When It Goes Down the Drain? Scum Grease 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 Pure MeOH 90:10 MeOH:H2O Pure EtOH Time (minutes) FFA content (%) Risin g Bubbl e Liquid Phase Lipids MeOH & H 2 O Vapor O R C OH FFA O R C O CH 3 FAME MeOH + H 3 C OH + H H Wa te r O Operates above boiling temperature s Achieves >95% FFA conversion Ra Trap Grease • In commercial kitchens most FOG is collected as Grease Trap Waste and is regularly pumped out. • Some FOG enters sewer system and is collected as Scum Grease in Wastewater Treatment Plants Schematic of a Grease Interceptor Current Activities Evolved from EPA P3 Projects 0% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Lipid Content of Waste Grease (%) Process Steam Energy (MJ-natural gas/MJ-biodiesel) Fossil Energy Ratio Separation of lipids Conversion of lipids to biodiesel Purification of biodiesel Methanol Recovery Soybean Biodiesel FOG Biodiesel Low Sulfur Diesel For > 14 % Lipids FOG beats Soybean For < 1 % Lipids FOG beats LSD Fuel energy output divided by fossil energy input Feedstock Conversi on Vehicle Use Fuel Life TR ANS ESTERI FICATIO N Meal (80%) Biodiesel (17%) Glycerin (3%) HEATING ~60 C SETTLING Raw Scum Greas e Raw Trap Grease Waste (80%) Biodiesel (19%) Residu e (1%) Proposed Grease-to-Biodiesel Process Hot wal l Cold wall Crude FAME 201 PPM Biodiesel 27 PPM Residue 776 PPM Wipers Soybeans for Biodiesel FOG for Biodiesel Sanitary Sewer Transfe r Station Wastewater Treatment Restauran t Trap Diese l Kitchen Effluent Pumping Grease Trap Grease Disposal: •Incinera tor •Landfill •Anaerobi c digester Traditional Route to Biodiesel Harvest Biodiesel Productio n Harves t Use for Cooking Disposa l Distribut ion CO 2 Emissions Recycl e Our process takes oils Out of the Frying Pan and Into the Fuel Tank
description
Out of the Frying Pan and Into the F uel Tank. Research Collaboration. Novel Reactor Design for Biodiesel Production. Diesel. Feedstock. Crude FAME 201 PPM. Restaurant. Trap Grease. O. Wipers. Drexel University Team - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Research Collaboration
2008 Winner
• Lipid chemistry expertise• Analytical equipment – HPLC,
TLC, Sulfur• Short path evaporator for
biodiesel purification• Biofuel process expertise
USDA Eastern Regional Research Center
• Bubble column reactor research
• Analytical lipid testing• Methods of fractionation of
grease• Process modeling• Life cycle assessment• WERF funding
Drexel University
• Sources of grease trap waste samples
• Database on generation of grease trap waste
• Knowledge of waste Management practices
• Use of biodiesel in fleet vehicles
Russell Reid Waste Management
• Sources of scum grease samples
• Testing secondary wastewater• Standardized experimental
methods• Evaluation of system scenarios• Use of biodiesel in fleet
vehicles
Philadelphia Water Department
• Formed to research commercialization of Grease-to-Biofuel process
• Longitudinal study of GTW• Conversion of lipids to FAME• Process development• Commercial feasibility• EPA SBIR funding
Environmental Fuel Research, LLC
Research Collaboration
Abstract Drexel University’s team has developed a process to extract grease from wastewater and convert it into biodiesel. Waste greases are an untapped source of high value fuel, if you can concentrate the grease, remove impurities, and achieve stringent fuel standards. Meeting these challenges produces a fuel with a lower carbon footprint than both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel. This poster presents results from an EPA P3 funded project and ongoing research.
Drexel University TeamChemical & Biological Engineering: Prof. Richard Cairncross, Megan Hums, Cory Melick, and over 20 other students Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics: Prof. Nicolas Cernansky, Colin Stacy and over 15 other studentsCivil Architectural and Environmental Engineering: Prof. Mira Olson, Prof. Sabrina Spatari, and over 10 students
Out of the Frying Pan and Into the Fuel TankNovel Reactor Design for Biodiesel Production
CONTACT INFORMATION: Richard [email protected]
3141 Chestnut St.Philadelphia, PA 19104
Chemical & Biological EngineeringDrexel University
BCR is robust for:• Low-value grease
feedstocks• Various alcohols• Elevated water content
Fuel Life CycleBiodiesel Chemistry and ResearchConventional biodiesel production:• Refined vegetable oils (FFA-lean triglycerides)• High feedstock cost• Cheap processing
Alternative biodiesel production:• Waste fats, oils, and greases (FFA-rich)• Degraded and dirty Low feedstock cost• More difficult processing
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel• Can substitute for, or blend with diesel• Lower emissions than petroleum diesel• Domestic supply of energy
Purification of Biodiesel by Short-Path Distillation
Crude FOG biodiesel is • Dirty• High in sulfur content• Difficult to separate
Short-path distillation purifies biodiesel:• Under high vacuum• Low temperature• Reduces sulfur
• Crude: 201 PPM• Residue: 776 PPM• Biodiesel: 27 PPM
(ASTM grade = 15 PPM)
Wastewater
Small-Scale Biodiesel
Plant
Trap Grease
Bio
dies
el
Waste Sediments
(1)Separation (2)Conversion (3)Purification
Bubble Column
The views expressed on this poster are not necessarily those of the EPA, Drexel University or the Collaborating Partners
From Kitchen
Grease Trap Waste
Sediments
To Sewers
FFA Biodiesel by Bubble Column Reactor
What Happens to FOG (Fats, Oils and Greases) When It Goes Down the Drain?
Scum Grease
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
102030405060708090
100Pure MeOH90:10 MeOH:H2OPure EtOH90:10 EtOH:H2O
Time (minutes)
FFA
cont
ent (
%)
Rising Bubble
Liquid Phase Lipids
MeOH & H2O Vapor
O
R C OHFFA
O
R C O CH3
FAME
MeOH
+H3C OH
+H H Water
O
Operates above boiling temperatures
Achieves >95% FFA conversionRa
Trap Grease
• In commercial kitchens most FOG is collected as Grease Trap Waste and is regularly pumped out.
• Some FOG enters sewer system and is collected as Scum Grease in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Schematic of a Grease Interceptor
Current Activities Evolved from EPA P3 Projects
0% 3% 6% 9% 12%
15%
18%
21%
24%
27%
30%
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Lipid Content of Waste Grease (%)
Proc
ess
Stea
m E
nerg
y (M
J-na
tura
l gas
/MJ-
biod
iese
l)
Foss
il En
ergy
Rat
io
Separation of lipids
Conversion of lipids to biodieselPurification of biodiesel
Methanol Recovery
Soybean Biodiesel
FOG Biodiesel
Low Sulfur Diesel
For > 14 % Lipids FOG beats Soybean For < 1 % Lipids
FOG beats LSD
Fuel
ene
rgy
outp
ut d
ivid
ed b
y fo
ssil
ener
gy in
put
Feedstock
Conversion
Vehicle Use
Fuel Life
TRANSESTERIFICATION
Meal (80%)
Biodiesel (17%)
Glycerin (3%)
HEATING ~60 C
SETTLING
Raw Scum Grease
Raw Trap
Grease
Waste (80%)
Biodiesel (19%)
Residue (1%)
Proposed Grease-to-Biodiesel Process
Hot wall
Cold wall
Crude FAME201 PPM
Biodiesel 27 PPM
Residue 776 PPM
Wipers
Soybeans for Biodiesel FOG for Biodiesel
Sanitary Sewer
Transfer Station
Wastewater Treatment
Restaurant
Trap
Diesel
Kitchen Effluent
PumpingGrease
Trap Grease
Disposal:•Incinerator•Landfill•Anaerobic digester
Traditional Route to Biodiesel
Harvest Biodiesel Production
Harvest Use for Cooking Disposal
Distribution
CO2 Emissions
RecycleOur process takes oils Out of the Frying Pan
and Into the Fuel Tank
