FOTO: MH SOEDJONO/ LEX/ 2002

FOTO: INFOGADING/ 2002/2006

TARI, PUSLITBANG SDA 2007

RESEARCH CENTER FOR WATER RESOURCESAGENCY FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTTHE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS

Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 193, Bandung 40135, Telp : (022) 2501554, Fax : 022 2500163

Sumber: www.tempointeraktif.com, 2007

Sumber: www.mediaraharja.com 2007

2

NATURAL DISASTER IN INDONESIA

Natural Disaster in Indonesia（２００２－２００５）

743

615

222

420

0100200300400500600700800

Water  Disaster

Draught Land Slide Others

“The Study on Natural Disaster Management in Indonesia” JICA,2008.3.

Case Water disaster caused 2.7 million 

refugees.  

RBOs under Central Governmentwhich has responsibility on Integrated Flood

ManagementNo. Name of RBO Coment No. Name of RBO Coment1 Sumatera Ⅰ 16 Ｓｅｒａｙｕ－Ｏｐａｋ ★2 Sumatera Ⅱ 17 Ｂｅｎｇａｗａｎ　Ｓｏｌｏ ★3 Sumatera Ⅲ 18 Ｂｒａｎｔａｓ ★4 Sumatera Ⅳ 19 Bali Penida5 Sumatera Ⅴ 20 Nusa　Ｔｅｎｇｇａｒａ　Ⅰ6 Sumatera Ⅵ 21 Nusa　Ｔｅｎｇｇａｒａ　Ⅱ7 Sumatera Ⅶ 22 Kalimantan Ⅰ8 Sumatera Ⅷ 23 Kalimantan Ⅱ9 Ｍｅｓｕｊｉ－Ｓｅｋａｍｐｕｎｇ ★ 24 Kalimantan Ⅲ10 Ｃｉｄａｎａｕ　Ｃｉｕｎｊｕｎｇ　Ｃｉｄｕｒｉａ ★ 25 Sulawesi　Ⅰ11 Ｃｉｌｉｗｕｎｇ　Ｃｉｓａｄａｎｅ ★ 26 Sulawesi　Ⅱ12 Ｃｉｔａｒｕｍ ★ 27 Sulawesi　South-East

28 Sulawesi　South13 Ｃｉｔａｎｄｕｙ ★ 29 Pompenga-Jeneberang ★14 Ｃｉｍｎｕｎｋ　Ｃｉｓａｎｇｇａｒｕｎｇ ★ 30 Maluku15 Ｐｕｍａｌｉ－Ｊｕａｎａ ★ 31 Papua

Cause of flooding in Jabodetabek

• External: by inundation from the macro drainage, caused by heavy precipitation in the upstream areas.

• Internal: by inundation from the micro drainage system as well.

• Tidal: by inundation from high tidal levels

• A combination of events is worse.

Runoff response• a steep,

mountainous area upstream of Bogor;

• a moderately steep hilly area between Bogor and Jakarta;

• a valley plain area, along the rivers in the hilly area;

• a flat coastal plain area.

Longitudinal profile ofthe Ciliwung river

The rivers that flow through Jakarta quickly respond to rainfall for several reasons:

• The rain falls with high intensities become available for runoff without infiltration;

• A large percentage of the area is urbanised, which causes low infiltration percentages and high (overland) flow velocities;

• The area upstream of Bogor is very steep, leading to high flow velocities.

• the water does not have to travel long distances.

Some major historic floodsYear Affect1699 Ciliwung river floods old Batavia after Mount Salak erupts1714 Ciliwung river overflows after clearing forest areas in Puncak.1854 new Batavia is a meter under water, caused by the raging Ciliwung.

1918 Extensive flooding. The Dutch colonial government begins work on the Western Flood Canal (West Banjir Canal).

1942 The West Banjir Canal is completed, but Jakarta still floods.1996 A flood sweeps through the capital. Approximately 10 people die.2002 The Dartmouth Flood Observatory notes it as the largest flood in

Jakarta’s history, 25 people died.2007 The greatest flood to fit Jakarta in the last three centuries

source: WHO, 2007

Characteristics of the flood events of 1996, 2002 and 2007.

No Flood Event Date Area (ha) Main Origin1 1996 Jan-06 3000 U/S+D/S2 Feb-11 5000 Jakarta3 2002 Jan-31 3000 U/S+D/S4 Feb-03 10000 U/S+D/S5 2007 Feb 20000 DKI

Rainfall on Feb.2, 2007 Rainfall on Feb.4, 2007

RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICSource: Partners for Water, 2007

Urbanisation will give affect to the flood

Urban development in 2000 Urban development in 2025

Source: Partners for Water, 2009

Flood Hazard Map ModelingRR: Rainfall-Runoff Hydrologic Model1D = 1 Dimension Hydraulic Model2D = 2 Dimension Hydraulic Model with Digital elevation Model

Data Requirement•The short duration Rainfall data from Automatic Rainfall Recorder•The flood hydrograph from Automatic Water level Recorder•Longitudinal & CrossSection of the rivers•Topographic map in GIS

Flood Hazard Map

the ‘Communicationstrategies on flood management’

Flood risk maps Flood Evacuatian Map Flood Preparedness Map

Flood Control Measure Community participation in Flood Reduction

Land subsidence Jakarta (2007-2008)

•Lack of rainfall & •Discharge Data•Land Subsidence

The Challenges of Flood Hazard Map Modeling

Thiessen polygon based on existing rainfall monitoring network

23 rainfall 1,406 km2.the average area covered by one station amounts 61 km2,

Required temporal and spatial resolution for urban drainage simulation (after Berne 2004)Source: Partners for Water, 2009

Subsidence combined with tidal cycles

Source: Partners for Water, 2009

- -0.05

-0.05

-

0.15

Rho Spearman Coefficient Trend

+1 pos trend-1 neg trend0 no trend

There is no indicationOf any positif trend ofannual maximum daily rainfall

Calibration of the Flood Inundation Model based on

• Pubic Works Department Report • Inundation Map From DKI• Field Information• PLN (the electricity company of

Indonesia) data : In case of a flood, PLN will switch off these gardu’s

Flood extent map 2007 based on information of DKI districts and the DEM.Source: Partners for Water, 2009

Katulampa

Panus Depok

Manggarai

Overview of existing automatic water level monitoring networks operated by Balai Besar andPP-DKI

Reach Distance (km) Travel time (hrs)Katu Lampa – Depok 41 3 - 4Depok – MT Haryono 40 8MT Haryono - Manggarai 1,8 2

Source: Partners for Water, 2009

FLOOD HAZARD MAP

Structural measureIncrease the capacity of the river

Source: Partners for Water, 2009

Projected threats(red and orange) of sea levelfrom subsidence in year 2025

Source: Partners for Water, 2009

Overview of proposed automatic water level

monitoring network for Flood Early Warning in

Jakarta for updating the rainfall-runoff

models

The Real Time Data is neededfor Flood Early Warning

Source: Partners for Water, 2009

Summary• Flood occurs in many rivers in Indonesia which

need Flood Hazard Map and Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System such as IFAS as a foundation of flood management

• Because lack of real time hydro meteorological data for flood forecasting and early warning system, its need satellite data to support this.

• We need collaboration with JAXA for flood disaster mitigation in the future

• Sea water levels were not significantly high during the 1996, 2002 and 2007 flood events and therefore did not contribute to the flood extent.

• There is no indication of positive trend of rainfall• Due to subsidence the Jakarta sea defence is

at very critical levels. Flooding from the sea must be taken seriously in the future

• FFEWS : the Automatic Water Level and Rainfall Recorder is needed to be added in the flood monitoring network in Jakarta

Summary

Flood in Menado, 2006