RESEARCH AND POSTGRADUATE STUDIES IN EARTH SCIENCES...

Earth Sciences @ Waikato – Advancing and sharing knowledge of Planet Earth

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RESEARCH AND

POSTGRADUATE STUDIES IN

EARTH SCIENCES

THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO

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All enquiries to:

ChairpersonDepartment of Earth Sciences

The University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 3105

Hamilton, New Zealand

Telephone (+64) 7 838 4024

Fax (+64) 7 856 0115

e-mail: [email protected]

http://www.erth.waikato.ac.nz


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Contents

Page

1 Earth Sciences at The University of Waikato 1

2. Research in Earth Sciences 3

2.1 Climatic environmental change: past, present and future 3

2.2 Coastal Marine Processes and Management 6

2.3 Sedimentary Basins and Resources 7

2.4 Sustainable Management of Land and Water Resources & Hazards 9

a Geomechanics 9

b Hydrology 9

c Soil Science 11

2.5 Volcanic Processes and Hazards 12

3 Specialised Research Facilities 13

4 Collaborative Research 14

5. Staff 15

5.1 Staff in the Department 15

5.2 Staff Research Profiles 17

6. Programmes of Study 39

6.1 Bachelor of Science with Honours 39

6.2 Graduate Diploma in Applied Science 39

6.3 Postgraduate Diplomas in Science Education and Technology Education 39

6.4 Postgraduate Certificate in Science 40

6.5 Postgraduate Diploma in Science 40

6.6 Master of Science and Master of Science in Technology 40

6.7 Masterate Programme in Resources and Environmental Planning 44

6.8 MPhil 44

6.9 PhD 45

7. Scholarships and Funding 46

8. Student Research 48

8.1 Theses Completed in 2003 48

8.2 Current Doctoral Research 49

9. Careers in Earth Sciences 50

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1. IntroductionAn understanding of Earth Sciences is vital if we are to sustainably manage Earth’s energy, water,mineral, soil and coastal resources. The Earth Sciences are also the key to predicting and managingnatural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, tsunami, landslides and volcanic eruptions. Earth Sciencesat the University of Waikato includes study of coastal and marine science, soil science, hydrology,volcanology, sedimentary geology and engineering geology. Graduates in Earth Sciences go on to adiverse range of careers in environmental and resource management, as well as research.

The Department of Earth Sciences is uniquely placed to offer a thorough grounding in all aspects ofEarth Sciences. It is situated close to both North Island coasts, and surrounded by a major growth areaof New Zealand within which a wide range of regional activities relate directly to all areas of the EarthSciences (e.g. resource exploration, extraction and management, water supply and treatment, agriculture,forestry, horticulture, urban development and land-use, geothermal and hydroelectric power). The EarthSciences Department recognizes the importance of the Earth's physical environment and its resources— landscapes, rocks, sediments, soils, water, oceans and climate — for New Zealand's development, andthis philosophy is maintained as a central and integrating theme for both teaching and research in theDepartment. To this end a major objective of the Earth Sciences at Waikato is to provide graduateswith a range of educational and vocational skills of international standing which will permit them accessto a broad range of professional opportunities, both within New Zealand and overseas.

An essential function of the Department is to carry out research conducted by both graduate (MSc) andpost-graduate (PhD and MPhil) students and by the academic staff. Despite its relatively brief history(post-1970), the Department has established a notable research record in the Earth sciences. The EarthSciences Department presently focuses on five major research themes, each supported by the primaryresearch interests of several academic staff.


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The research fields are:

• climatic & environmental change: past, present and future

• coastal marine processes and management

• sedimentary basins and resources

• sustainable management of land and water resources and hazards

• volcanic processes and hazards

Dr Barbara Hobden at Bromo, Indonesia

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2 Research in Earth Sciences

2.1 Climatic environmental change: past, present and futurePaleoenvironment reconstruction; paleoclimate; radiometric dating; dendrohronology;palynology; tephrachronology; human arrival in New Zealand; current climatecharacterization.

a Research activitiesStudies of how climate and environments have changed are dictated by time scale: very long-term changeis measured in millions of years, long-term change in hundreds or tens of millennia, short-term changein millennia, and very short-term change in centuries or decades. Research within the climate andenvironmental change group covers all these timescales and is wide-ranging, dealing with both marineand terrestrial deposits of many different kinds. Marine studies are based on the analysis of sediments indeep-sea cores. Terrestrial studies include research on long sedimentary sequences, loess deposits,pyroclastic and volcanic deposits, lacustrine and peat deposits, glacial materials, and paleosols. A majorfocus of much of this work has been to reconstruct paleoenvironments and palaeoclimates using avariety of proxy tools including pollen analysis and other methods. Increasingly, studies have involvedshorter time scales and higher sampling resolution with an increasing emphasis on quantifyingpalaeoclimatic parameters. All this research is underpinned by the application of radiometric and otherdating techniques including radiocarbon (see below), K-Ar, Ar-Ar, fission-track and palaeomagneticmethods, and dendrochronology, and by the use of widespread tephra (volcanic ash) layers asisochronous time planes to date and link sequences in different environments. A new (U-Th)/He datingsystem has recently been constructed in the Department of Earth Sciences, one of only a handful of suchsystems in the world.

New Zealand, by virtue of its remote location, has remained untouched by human activities until the lastmillennium. However, since the time of first settlement by Polynesians around 1300 AD, andsubsequently by Europeans, modification of much of the New Zealand landscape has taken place at ratespossibly without parallel anywhere else. Research documenting the environmental changes, together withstudies on archaeological sites, are carried out. Considerable research has also been undertaken oncoastal processes and how these relate to very short-term climate change. Work has also begun inAntarctica where soil permafrost is being monitored to detect the rate and extent of permafrost change. Aunique project on wetland hydrology and microclimate studies has been underway for a decade and hasfocused on evaporation processes, the movement and storage of water within peat substrates, and thewetland carbon budget.

Almost all the research activities within Climate and Environmental Change group are collaborative;academic staff work directly with colleagues from both national and international agencies and researchinstitutions including regional councils, various CRIs, and universities. There is also joint work with theInternational Global Change Institute, a climate-change modelling group comprising geographers andsocial scientists housed in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and Waikato University, and withspecialists in geographic information systems (GIS) within the Geography Department of FASS.


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Recently completed research projects include:

� Identifying a late-glacial (13,600-12,600 cal yr BP) climatic cooling episode in New Zealandusing high-resolution, tephra-dated pollen sequences, Urewera National Park

� Testing the synchroneity of pollen signals using tephrostratigraphy; identifying abrupt changes inclimate (century-decadal scale) over the past 10,000 yrs from palaeolimnological study of ameromictic lake in British Columbia

� Assessing the impacts and hazards of tephra fallout in northern North Island including impact onearly Maori society

� Dating archaeological and palynological sites using radiocarbon, tephrochronology and ‘wiggle-match dating’ to determine the timing of earliest Polynesian settlement in New Zealand

� Studies on New Zealand’s palaeoclimate from AD 950-1950 using radiocarbon measurements anddendrochronology

� Glacial history of the Southern Alps (West Coast, South Island)� Sequence cyclostratigraphy and astronomical forcing (Milankovitch cycles), Wanganui Basin� Reconstructing palaeoenvironments from Quaternary tephra and loess deposits, and associated

paleosols, in central and western North Island� Mapping volcanic, pyroclastic and other deposits in northern Taupo Volcanic Zone� Antarctic research (Dry Valleys region) including studies of glacial history.

Current projects being undertaken include:

� Pliocene-Quaternary and older cyclothemic successions in Wanganui Basin and Hawke’s Bay� High-resolution marine record for the Late glacial transition in New Zealand� Glacial record for South Island using stratigraphy, palynology, tephrochronology, and 1 4C, OSL

and exposure-age dating� Patterns of climate change since MOIS 5e in North Island via lakes and bogs using palynology,

testate amoebae and tephrochronology� Radiocarbon calibration and palaeoclimate during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 using kauri� Chronology of Polynesian settlement in New Zealand.

Further information may be obtained from Associate Professor David Lowe at [email protected]

Aerial view of Kaipo bog at 1000 m elevation, Urewera National Park.

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Waikato and other geoscientists have identified a Late glacial cooling interval (between 13,600-12,600 cal. years ago) from high-resolution tephropalynological analyses of peat making up thebog. Photo: Chris Ward (DOC)

b Waikato Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

The Waikato Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory is one of the foremost radiocarbon laboratories in theworld. It provides Quantulus liquid scintillation spectrometry and accesses AMS facilities with itspurpose-built graphite line. It has a strong research record including provision of one of the internationalradiocarbon standards, the design and manufacture of an international scintillation counting vial, thegeneration of a Southern Hemisphere calibration curve for the last 1000 years in a joint project with TheQueen’s University of Belfast, improving the accuracy of ‘old’ radiocarbon dates by developing newbackground standards and protocols, and high-precision dating facilities for applications world-wideincluding for geoscientific research and archaeology.

In September 2003 the lab’s director Dr Alan Hogg, together with Associate Professors David Loweand John Ogden, and Dr Jonathan Palmer, were awarded a Marsden Fund award for a project entitled“Radiocarbon calibration and palaeoclimate during Oxygen Isotope Stage3: testing hypotheses ofabrupt climate change using New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis).”

To visit the laboratory’s award-winning site, go to:

http://radiocarbondating.com/


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2.1 Coastal Marine Processes and ManagementCoastal sediment and transport; Tsunami research; muddy deposition; Surf zone dynamics; Coastalmanagement; Marine ecology; Estuarine sedimentation.

With links to Crown Research Institutes (CRIs), government departments, regional councils, privateconsultancies, and companies involved with the coast, the Coastal Marine Group has a strong record incoastal marine research. This has included applied research into coastal dynamics and environmentalimpacts of coastal development, with contributions to the development and management of manyharbours and estuaries in the northern North Island.

Curren t research isconcentrated in eight mainareas: Coastal sedimenttransport; tsunami research;muddy deposition; surf zoned y n a m i c s c o a s t a lmanagement ; coas ta lsediment and transport;marine ecology and estuarinesedimentation

The research into marinadevelopment and mudsedimentation is closelylinked. Marinas tend toaccumulate fine sedimentsthat need to be removed periodically, and fine sediments can contain high levels of pollutants. It is therefore desirablenot to trap fine sediments, and to dispose of an accumulated sediment safely. Most people live within 10km of the coast, and may therefore be vulnerable to coastal hazards. Coastal hazards include coastalerosion, sea level rise, storm surge and tsunami. Recent research has shown that the first three areclosely linked to short to medium scale climatic fluctuations. Short-term climate fluctuations may have agreater impact than the longer-term effects of global warming.

The Coastal Marine Group has recently acquired leading-edge technology for sea-floor mapping whichwill significantly boost research capacity into the nature of the coastal sea-floor and help protect NewZealand’s vulnerable coastline. The $420,000 Triton Elics Multibeam Sea-Floor Imaging System isstate of the art echo-sounding equipment that will give more accurate bathymetric sounding coverage ofshallow coastal waters. It will be a useful tool for sea-floor information to help prevent coastline erosionand could therefore make a significant contribution to environmental management of New Zealand’scoastline. It is ideal for repetitive surveys of navigation channels and can also be used for monitoringmarine reserves and the effects of commercial sand extraction.

Further information may be obtained from Professor Terry Healy at [email protected]

Dune Planting, Omaha Beach, New Zealand Photo - P. Klinac

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2.3 Sedimentary Basins and ResourcesNorth Island geology – siliciclastic sedimentology – carbonate sedimentology – sequence stratigraphy– paleoenvironmental analysis – thermal history of basins – energy, petroleum and coal

The analysis of sedimentary systems, the dynamics ofthe sedimentary basins that contain them, and theireconomic resources, especially coal and petroleum, area particular research focus in the Department. Research programmes or themes currently underwayand worked on by groups of staff and students include

� the Late Cenozoic (past 25 million years) evolution of the Wanganui-King Country-TaranakiBasin complex,

� the Miocene-Pleistocene evolution of forearc basins in eastern North Island especially theirlimestones,

� Neogene paleoceanography of the New Zealand region,� the thermal and diagenetic evolution of basins and sediments.

Sedimentary basin research programmes are funded bygrants from the Foundation for Research Science andTechnology and by the Marsden Committee, with closecollaboration with the Institute for Geological andNuclear Sciences (GNS). The applications of theresearch results relate to developing the framework forglobal climatic and sea-level change, the Cenozoictectonic evolution of New Zealand, and thehydrocarbon prospectivity of New Zealand sedimentarybasins.

Individual projects include:� field mapping;� litho- and biostratigraphy;� application and development of sequence stratigraphic concepts to outcrop,� well-log data and reflection seismic;� GIS mapping of geological units and structures;� computer-based mapping of seismic reflection data and 3-D visualisation;� petrographic, geochemical, fluid-inclusion, cathode luminescence and stable isotope analysis of

limestones;� stable isotope analysis of foraminifera for paleoceanography;� fission-track thermochronology for documenting erosion history of basement rocks.� thermal history of sediments; and U-Th/He thermochronometry and geochronology.

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Flysch sequence near Taumarunui Photo – A. Vonk

Tangahoe Mudstone – Taumarunui Photo – A. Vonk


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The various projects are unified by theoverarching aim of developing betterunderstanding about sedimentarysystems from source-to-sink in theNew Zealand region. Researchfunding has recently been awarded byFRST for two new contracts. The firstis aimed at improving energyefficiency and conservation in majorindustrial processing sites and inhomes, while the second is designed tohelp the petroleum exploration sectordiscover new oil and gas reserves.Both programmes are lead byProfessor Peter Kamp and involveresearchers from the School ofScience and Technology, School ofLaw and the Faculty of Arts and SocialScience.

Further information may be obtained from Professor Peter Kamp at: [email protected]

Small scale processes in dune sand, West coast,Northland……… ..Photo A. Vonk

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2.4 Sustainable Management of Land and Water Resources &Hazards

Ground research –micrometeorology – geomechanics - hydrology – soft rock processes – soilecotoxicology – sustainable management of forest soils – impacts of human activities on Antarcticterrestrial environments

a Geomechanics

Much research in geomechanics has tended to focus on soft rock materials of various forms in responseto the wide range of soft rocks in the central part of the North Island where we are based. Recent workincludes studies of large landslide and debris flow complexes in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocksof the Coromandel region. Rock mass quality predictions for coal measures in both opencast andunderground mining situations at Huntly have been studied as well. Research to establish therelationships between geochemical changes associated with weathering and the observed geotechnicalcharacteristics of the weathered materials is also being undertaken. Considerable scope exists forresearch into soft rock geomechanics, particularly relating to pyroclastic materials of the central NorthIsland, and altered and weathered rocks of the Coromandel.

Another focus of recent research has been on accelerated soil erosion from subdivision sites duringearthworking when the subsoil is exposed. We have been involved, in association with the AucklandRegional Council and Landcare Research, with the setting up and monitoring of several largeexperimental sites to determine rates of sediment generation, and to investigate means of minimisingsediment runoff. The aim of our contribution to this research is to modify erosion prediction models toallow adequate predictions of soil runoff at earthwork sites, and so to assist in developing adequatecontrol measures to protect downstream ecosystems from damage.

Further information may be obtained from Dr Vicki Moon a: [email protected]

b Hydrology

Hydrological research at Waikato has covered a wide range of topics within the fields of surface- andgroundwater hydrology, and surface-atmosphere interactions in the hydrosphere. Many researchprojects have involved collaboration with and funding from CRIs, regional councils and industry.

A focus on wetland hydrology and microclimate studies has been supported by strong research linkswith Landcare Research. A major interest is the role of vegetation in the wetland water balance and peatformation processes within the remnant peat bogs of the Waikato region. Studies have focused onevaporation processes, the movement and storage of water within peat substrates, and the wetland carbonbudget. A multi-year experiment at a local wetland has measured fluxes of carbon dioxide between theatmosphere and the vegetation using the eddy covariance technique, and has provided information on therole of peat bogs as sinks for atmospheric carbon. Recent work alongside Landcare Research hasmeasured CO2 fluxes from agricultural peat soils in the Waikato, with the aim of improving resourcesustainability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.


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A new research project in engineering hydrology is concerned with evaluating seasonal pumped storagesystems to maintain electricity supply in dry years in New Zealand. Current work is directed towardsimulation of an envisaged large pumped storage scheme in the Onslow-Manorburn depression inOtago. This scheme has the potential to provide an energy store equivalent to twice the storage of theWaitaki Power Scheme, which is presently New Zealand’s largest hydro power storage system.

A relatively novel research topic is the measurement of near-surface water fluxes by detecting changes inpore water pressures within deep confined groundwater systems. We established the world’s firstreplicated groundwater lysimeter experiment at Matamata, in 1993, and the technique is now beingapplied to water balance studies in peatlands. Other groundwater studies have concentrated on resourceevaluations for urban water supply, movement of contaminants within groundwater systems, andmodelling the effects of climatic change, agricultural drainage and ecological changes on wetlandgroundwater systems.

Current research in hydrological aspects of hydro power is concerned with approaches to mitigatingthe effect of dry years on electricity generation in New Zealand. Two approaches are being taken. Thefirst involves attempting to forecast dry years as part of a climatic forecasting procedure. The secondis concerned with simulating a large pumped storage scheme in Otago with sufficient storage capacityto provide an electricity buffer against dry years.Further information may be obtained from Assoc. Prof. Earl Bardsley at: [email protected]

Installing instruments at the Opuatia wetland, northern Waikato, to measure CO_2 andwater vapour fluxes, as part of a study of wetland hydrology Photo Katrina Browne

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c Soil Science

Soil science research at Waikato University is multi-disciplinary, and involves most facets ofsoil science research including the distribution of soils, soil fertility, and soil properties and landmanagement. Many soil science research projects at Waikato University are collaborative withvarious CRIs (AgResearch, Forest Research, Landcare, NIWA, HortResearch), with regionaland district councils, and with other universities.Recent research has included: measurement ofrates of pedogenic up-building of volcanic ash-derived soils in central North Island;paleopedology; evaluation of soil resourceinformation for site-specific land management;evaluating human impacts on Antarctic terrestrialenvironments; evaluation and monitoring ofland-based wastewater treatment systems; fate ofwaste materials applied to land; comparison ofconventional and alternative forms of landmanagement on soil properties; pesticideresidue management; nutrient enrichment ofsoils and the ecotoxicology of land applied papermill effluent; compaction of agricultural soils;effect of intensive grazing on soil properties andplant growth; developing plantation forest riskassessment maps for New Zealand; developingnew methods for soil property mapping inplantation forests in Northland; soil waterbalances and drainage systems; effects of soilproperties on Maori traditional medicinal plants;and evaluation of resource management policies.

Further information may be obtained from Assoc. Prof. David Lowe at [email protected]

PhD Earth Sciences student Haydon Jonespictured with Assoc. Prof. David Lowe isstudying forest soil management


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2.5 Volcanic processes and hazardsEruption dynamics; magmatic processes and timescale; Tephrochronology; Evolution of Coromandel& Taupo Volcanic Zones; Volcanic hazards

Volcanological research has focused on physical volcanology, magmatic processes, petrology andgeochemistry of volcanic rocks, volcanic hazards and risk mitigation, tephrochronology and radiometricdating. These studies have been particularly aimed at increasing our knowledge and understanding ofvolcanism in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, and late Miocene-Pliocene Coromandel Volcanic Zone and otherPliocene-Quaternary volcanic rocks of the northern North Island.

Recent projects include:� studies of eruptive mechanisms and depositional processes of the most recent Taupo eruption,� investigations of the role of water in large-scale phreatoplinian eruptions; using tephras and

radiocarbon dating to determine the timing of earliest human impact and settlement of NewZealand;

� mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and isotopic composition of late Pleistocene-Holocenerhyolitic lavas from Okataina and Rotorua volcanic centres;

� physical volcanology of individual eruptive units and episodes to determine their variations ineruptive style and processes, and the development of potential volcanic hazard scenarios of smalland large-scale eruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone;

� studies of the volcanic geology, geochemistry andgeochronology of rhyolites and calderacomplexes, and andesitic composite cones in thelate Miocene-Pliocene Coromandel VolcanicZone;

� petrology and geochemistry of basaltic fields ofSouth Auckland and western North Island;

� petrology and history of the andesitic Tongarirovolcano;

� investigating Taupo and Mayor Island eruptionstyles using computer image analysis ofvesicularity and crystallinity textures in pumice;

� Ngauruhoe magma evolution and dynamics usingcrystal isotope chemistry, and U-Th-Ra isotopes.

Further information may be obtained from Assoc Prof.Roger Briggs, Email: [email protected]

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Active volcano White Island, Bay ofPlenty, New Zealand

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3. Specialised research facilities

Earth Sciences is well resourced for research work with specialised field sampling and state-of-the-artmeasurement and monitoring equipment complemented by modern laboratory and computing facilities.Some of our major research facilities and capabilities are listed below.

• Coastal marine research facilities include a 9 m Catamaran “Tai Rangahau”, twin 150 Hpoutboards, purpose built survey and diving craft, 6 m Pontoon boat “ Taitimu”, 135 Hpoutboard, multi task craft, 3.9 m pontoon boat “Waikohe”, 25 Hp outboard, 85 HP Jet Bike, aremote operated underwater vehicle (ROV), bottom sediment piston coring, SCUBA equipmentincluding underwater communication gear, Digital Video camera, underwater still cameras; Divecompressor, dual frequency sounders, TRIMBLE Hydro PRO Nav and data collection software,TRIMBLE MS 750 RTK GPS, land and marine survey, TRIMBLE RL 4000 DGPS, TRIMBLEPRO XR DGPS, base station Northshore. Various handheld conventional GPS units, wave andtide gauges, 1 SONTEK ADP, locator beacons, Seismic sidescan sonar, sub-bottom Profiler withhard and software, magnetometer, S4 and ADCP current meters. Bottom-mounted framesmeasure currents and sediment dynamics in estuarine and continental shelf environments.

• a Kongsberg Simrad EM 3000 Multibeam sonar for shallow water

• Particle size analysis is carried out for a wide range of research and commercial purposes using aMalvern Mastersizer ‘S’ laser diffraction particle size analyzer. In addition, an automatedMacarthur settling tube is used for textural analysis of sands, and a sieve laboratory is also usedextensively.

• Soil science facilities include ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emissionspectrometer), AAS (atomic absorption spectrometer), Technician auto-analyzer, DTA/DTG,microwave and block digestion, incubators, soil water pressure plate extractors, soil moisturesensors, tension infiltrometers, well permeameter, Bush recording cone penetrometer, Comair rootlength scanner, Tecator distillation, centrifuges and other routine soil laboratory equipment.

• Rock and soil mechanics laboratory including a triaxial machine, and a trailer-mounted hydraulicdrill rig for taking soil and sediment cores to 30 m depth, Russian peat corers and Livingstonpiston corer.

• Wide range of microclimate and hydrological equipment, including Campbell Scientific CR10Xdataloggers, Bowen ratio and eddy covariance systems for evaporation, surface energy balance andCO2 flux studies, with Campbell Scientific CSAT3 sonic anemometer and KH2O ultraviolethygrometer, LICOR LI-6262 and LII7500 gas analysers and LI-610 dew point generator.

• A wide range of microscope and imaging facilities, including petrological microscopes forreflected light, cathodoluminescence and fluid inclusion studies; a Philips transmission electronmicroscope; a Hitachi cold-field emission scanning electron microscope with cryostage andKEVEX energy-dispersive elemental analyser.

• Geochronological facilities include high-precision radiocarbon dating using liquid scintillationspectrometry and graphite target preparation lines for AMS, uranium–thorium/helium dating, andzircon fission-track dating.

• Geophysical and surveying equipment including ground penetrating radar and resistivityequipment for groundwater and soils research, and differential GPS, GPR and resistivity forsubsurface geological and soil research.


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• Environmental monitoring equipment includes AMS Multimedia auger system including. Spitcorer and slide hammer; Direct push piezometer auger, 12V pump and bailers; Trou 9000kwater quality probe; Water level meters.

• A geomagnetism laboratory including a Molspin spinner magnetometer, thermal and AFdemagnetisers, and a Bartington S2 magnetic susceptibility meter.

• Micromass 602E and Europa Penta 20-20 mass spectrometers for stable oxygen and carbonisotope analysis.

• X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal (DTA and DTG), and infrared (IR) analysis units.

4 Collaborative ResearchThere are many on-going joint research opportunities between the Department of EarthSciences, and the CRIs, regional councils, district councils, private companies, HydroPowerCorporations, port authorities, government ministries (e.g. Ministry of Civil Defence,Ministry of Education) and many other outside organisations. The CRIs include NIWA(National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), Landcare, AgResearch, FR(Forest Research) and IGNS (Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences) Hortresearchand ESR. Collaborative ventures and research projects enable students to becomeinvolved with applied aspects of Earth Sciences, and often result in research contractsthat can provide some student support.

Most students undertake their field work in the North Island or South Island of New Zealand, butseveral students have conducted their field research in Antarctica as part of expeditions by theUniversity's Antarctic Research Unit. Co-operative work with the Royal New Zealand Navy andNIWA has permitted several students to take part in research cruises around New Zealand.Collaborative work has also been undertaken with Landcare Research, Forest Research, and

AgResearch. Where complex and expensiveequipment is needed by research students,help in the field is usually provided bydepartmental technicians.

A Multibeam scan of a bridge anchor. Ournew Kongsberg Simrad EM 3000 Multibeamsonar for shallow is in demand for bothcollaborative research and commercialcontract.s

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5. Staff

5.1 Staff in the Department of Earth Sciences

ProfessorsP.J.J. Kamp BSc MSc PhD WaikatoC.S. Nelson BSc (Hons) Wellington PhD Auckland FRSNZ

Port of Tauranga Ltd Research Professor in Coastal Environmental SciencesT.R. Healy BSc MSc Auckland PhD Monash FIPENZ

Associate ProfessorsR.M. Briggs BSc MSc PhD Auckland FAusIMM D.J. Lowe BSc MSc PhD Waikato MRSNZ

Associate Professor andMeridian Energy Senior Research Fellow in Applied Hydrology

W.E. Bardsley BSc (Hons) MSc PhD Otago

Senior LecturersM.R. Balks BSc (Hons) Massey PhD Waikato (Chairperson)D.I. Campbell BSc (Hons) PhD OtagoW.P. de Lange BSc MSc DPhil Waikato MRSNZV.G. Moon BSc MSc PhD Waikato

LecturersK. R.Bryan BSc (Hons) Toronto PhD DalhousieG.T. Palmer BSc (Hons) PhD Aberdeen DBA GiamorganR.T. Smith BSc (Hons) PhD Canterbury

Post Doctoral Research FellowsB.J. Hobden BSc(Hons) PhD CanterburyS.D. Hood BSc MSc PhD WaikatoP.J. Cooke BSc MSc PhD Waikato

Research AssociatesA.B. Challinor BSc DSc Waikato

T. M. Leach BSc Ott MSc Auck

TutorsN. Kuruppu BTech Maquarie MEEM UTS


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B.R. Lynch-Blosse MSc WaikatoD. Stokes BA (Hons) La Trobe

Emeritus ProfessorsJ.D. McCraw MBE MSc (New Zealand) DSc Wellington FNZSSS 1988M.J. Selby BA(Hons) MA DipEd DSc Oxf DPhil Waikato 2002

Administrative StaffS.M. Wright

Technical StaffE.A. Brodie CBC Computer Support for Earth Sciences

A. Burgess BSc(Tech) Waikato Technical Officer, Soils

S. Cooke BSc Waikato Technical Officer, Mass Spectrometer

D.K. Immenga Vor diplom in Geology Kiel Advanced Technical Officer, Marine

R. Radosinsky BSocSci Waikato BMn Kosice Technical Officer, XRD, Geomechanics

Mine Mngt.Cert. Banska Stiavnica,

A. Rodgers MSc Waikato Technical Officer, Coordinator

X. Ganqing MSc Northeast China PhD Waikato Advanced Technician, FT Lab

4-Wheel Drive vehicles used for field research by EarthSciences staff

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5.2 Staff research profiles

Dr Megan BalksChairperson

Senior Lecturer

[email protected]

Soil and environmental science, especially pedology andapplied soil physics; Antarctic soils and permafrost; impactsof human activities on the Antarctic terrestrial environment;land treatment and disposal of effluent; irrigation, soilsalinity.

Selected publications

Balks, M.R.; R.F. Paetzold, J.M. Kimble, J. Aislabie, I.B. Campbell 2002: Effects of hydrocarbon spillson the temperature and moisture regimes of Cryosols in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica.�Antarctic Science 14(4)319-326.

Campbell, I.B.; M.R. Balks et al. 2001: 4. Soils and ice-free areas. In E. Waterhouse editor: Ross SeaRegion 2001. A State of the Environment Report for the Ross Sea Region of Antarctica. NewZealand Antarctic Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand 4.16-35.

Balks, M.R. 2000: Field investigations of Soil Properties. Appendix 2. In H. Wang and M. Tomer eds.The New Zealand Guidelines for Utilisation of Sewage Effluent on Land: Part 2: Issues forDesign and Management: 160-166.

Campbell, I.B.; G.G.C. Claridge; D.I. Campbell; M.R. Balks 1998: The soil environment of theMcMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In J. Priscu Editor: Ecosystem dynamics in a polar desert:The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series Volume 72 AmericanGeophysical Union: 297-322.

Claridge, G.G.C.; I.B. Campbell; M.R. Balks 1999: Movement of salts in Antarctic Soils: Experimentsusing Lithium Chloride. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 10: 223-233.

Aislabie, J.; M.R. Balks; N. Astori; G. Stevenson; R. Symons 1999: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsin fuel-oil contaminated soils, Antarctica. Chemosphere 39: 2201-2207.

Balks, M.R.; W. Bond; C. Smith 1998: Effects of sodium accumulation on soil physical propertiesunder an effluent-irrigated plantation. Australian Journal of Soil Research 36: 821-30.


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Associate Professor Earl Bardsley

Meridian Energy Senior Research Fellow inApplied Hydrology

[email protected]

Applied hydrology including groundwater resourceevaluation and optimal operation of water systems;quantitative analysis; stochastic flood theory; optimizationapplications, catchment modelling and hydrological andclimatological trend analysis.


Brown, E.J.; Bardsley, W.E. 2002: A model-based evaluation of horizontal wells for improving thefunctionality of an urban reservoir system. Natural Resources Research, (in press).

Bardsley, W. E.; Campbell, D. I. 2000: Natural geological weighing lysimeters: calibration tools forsatellite and ground surface gravity monitoring of subsurface water mass change? NaturalResources Research, 9: 147-156.

Bardsley, W.E.; Choudhry, S. 2000; An approach to estimating hydro power system income gain fromcomputerized water scheduling. Natural Resources Research .9: p.215-222.

Bardsley, W. E.; Jorgensen, M. A.; Alpert, P.; Ben-Gai, T. 1999: A significance test for empty cornersin scatter diagrams. Journal of Hydrology 219: 1-6.

Bardsley, W. E.; Pearson, C. P.1999: An experiment in subjective graphical quantile estimation appliedto the generalized extreme value distribution. Hydrological Sciences Journal 44: 399-405.

Bardsley, W. E.; Campbell, D. I. 1999: Confined aquifers can serve as giant weighing lysimeters. Water99 Joint Congress. 25th Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and 2nd InternationalConference on Water Resources and Environment Research Proceedings, Brisbane: 884-889.

Brown, E. J.; Bardsley, W. E. 1999; Recording rainfall stratigraphy: a modified storage gauge formeasuring rainfall events. Journal of Hydrology 216: 137-144.

22

Associate Professor Dr Roger Briggs

[email protected]

Petrology, geochemistry and mineralogy of volcanic rocksin South Auckland, Coromandel and Taupo volcanic zones;stratigraphy and petrology of ignimbrites; trace element andisotope geochemistry; magmatic processes.


Bowyer, D.A.; Briggs, R.M.; Maas, R. 2001: Spatial and temporal evolution of rhyolitic lavas from theHaroharo volcanic complex, Okataina Volcanic Centre. Geol. Soc. of NZ. Annual Conference,Hamilton. Geol. Soc. of N.Z. Misc. Publication 110A:12.

Cook, R.C.; Briggs, R.M.; Maas, R.; Smith, I.E.M. 2001: Characterisation of mantle sources for theSouth Auckland Basalts, North Island, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. of NZ annual Conference,Hamilton. Geol. Soc. of NZ Misc. Publication 110A: 25.

Krippner, S.J.P.; Briggs, R.M. 1999: Epithermal alteration and mineralisation at the Kapowai calderacomplex, Coromandel Peninsula. Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining andMetallurgy, New Zealand Branch Conference, Waitangi: 23-30.

Briggs, R.M.; Rogers, J.; Adams, J.C., Bardebes, P.A.; Price, R.C.; Maas, R. 1998: Rhyolitic volcanicsof the Whitianga volcanic centre, a late Miocene caldera complex, eastern Coromandel. Geol. Soc.of NZ Annual Conference, Christchurch. Geol. Soc. of NZ Misc. Publication 101A: 54.

Krippner, S.J.P.; Briggs, R.M.; Wilson, C.J.N.; Cole, J.W. 1998: Petrography and geochemistry oflithic fragments in ignimbrites from the Mangakino Volcanic Centre: implications for thecomposition of the subvolcanic crust in western Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. New ZealandJournal of Geology and Geophysics 41: 187-199.

Briggs, R.M.; Rosenberg, M.D.; de Lange, P.J.; Itaya, T.; King, P.R.; Price, R.C. 1997: Geology andgeochemistry of Gannet (Karewa) Island, Tasman Sea: a rift-related nephelinitic tuff ring. NewZealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 40: 261-271.

Graham, I.J.; Cole, J.W.; Briggs, R.M.; Gamble, J.A.; Smith, I.E.M. 1995: Petrology and petrogenesisof volcanic rocks from Taupo Volcanic Zone: a review. Journal of Volcanology and GeothermalResearch 68: 1-28.


23

Dr Karin Bryan

Lecturer

[email protected]

Coastal oceanography and sediment transport. In particular:wave properties, sediment-wave interactions, surf-zonecurrents, turbulence induced by breaking waves, monitoringmorphological change on beaches using sub-aerial video,physical controls on biological processes and sedimentation

p a t t e r n s o n thecontinental shelf and in estuaries.


Gorman, R.M., K.R. Bryan and A.K. Laing 2003. A wave hindcast for the New Zealand region - deepwater wave climate. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 37, 589–612.

Gorman, R.M., K.R. Bryan and A.K. Laing 2003. A wave hindcast for the New Zealand Region —Nearshore validation and coastal wave climate, New Zealand Journal of Marine and FreshwaterResearch, 37, 567–588.

Aagaard, T., and K.R. Bryan. 2003. Observations of infragravity wave frequency selection, ContinentalShelf Research, 23, 1019–1034.

Bryan, K.R., K.P. Black and R. M. Gorman. 2003. Spectral estimation dissipation rate within andaround the surf-zone, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33(5), 979–993.

Black, K.P, R.M. Gorman and K R. Bryan.2002. Bars formed by horizontal diffusion of suspendedsediment, Coastal Engineering, 47, 53–75.

Pilditch, C.A., J. Grant and K.R. Bryan 2001. Seston supply to sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus)in suspended culture, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58: 241–253.

Bogle, J.A.; K.R. Bryan; K.P. Black; T.M. Hume; T.R. Healy, 2001: Video Observations of RipFormation and Evolution, Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue 34: 117–127.

Pilditch, C.A.; J. Grant; K.R. Bryan 2001: Seston supply to sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) insuspended culture, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 241–253.

Bryan, K.R.; A.J. Bowen 1998: Bar-trapped edge waves and longshore currents. Journal ofGeophysical Research 103(C12): 27867–27884.

24

Dr David Campbell

Senior Lecturer

[email protected]

Surface-atmosphere processes in hydrology, includingCO2 and water vapour fluxes; hydrology and ecology ofNew Zealand wetlands; soil moisture; water balancestudies; instrumental techniques in hydrology andmicroclimate.


Campbell, D.I.; Laybourne C.E.; Blair, I.J. 2002: Measuring peat moisture content using the dual-probeheat pulse technique. Australian Journal of Soil Research 40: 177-190.

Thompson, M.A.; Campbell, D.I.; Spronken-Smith, R.A. 1999: Evaporation from natural and modifiedraised peat bogs in New Zealand. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 95: 85–98.

Campbell, I.B.; Claridge, G.G.C.; Campbell, D.I.; Balks, M.R. 1998: Permafrost properties in theMcMurdo Sound–Dry Valley region of Antarctica. In Lewkowicz, A.G., Allard, M. (Eds),Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Permafrost. Yellowknife, N.W.T., Canada,23–27 June: 121–126.

Campbell, I.B.; Claridge, G.G.C.; Campbell, D.I.; Balks, M.R. 1998: The soil environment of theMcMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In Priscu, J.C. (Editor), Ecosystem Dynamics in a PolarDesert: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series 72, AmericanGeophysical Union: 297–322.

Campbell, D.I.; MacCulloch, R.J.L.; Campbell, I.B. 1997: Thermal regimes of some soils in theMcMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. In Lyons, W.B., C. Howard-Williams and I. Hawes (Eds),Ecosystem processes in Antarctic ice-free landscapes, Balkema, Netherlands: 45–55.

Campbell, D.I.; Williamson, J.L. 1997: Evaporation from a raised peat bog. Journal of Hydrology,193: 142–160.


25

Dr Brian Challinor

Research Associate

[email protected]

Belemnites, paleontology and Mesozoic stratigraphy. Researchproject areas include New Zealand, Indonesia, Papua NewGuinea and New Caledonia.


Challinor, A.B. 2003. Synonymy and stratigraphic ranges of Belemnopsis in the Heterian and OhauanStages (Callovian-Tithonian),southwest Auckland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal ofGeology and Geophysics 46: 79-94.

Challinor, A.B. 2001.Stratigraphy of Tithonian (Ohauan-Puaroan) marine beds near Port Waikato, NewZealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 44: 219-242.

Challinor, A.B. 2000. Jurassic Paleobiology of Australasia in (eds.) A.J. Wright et al., Memoir 23 ofthe Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 323-326.

Challinor, A.B. 1999: Belemnite biostratigraphy of the New Zealand late Jurassic Mangaoran (EarlyPuaroan) Substage and the Puaroan Stage revisited. New Zealand Journal of Geology andGeophysics 42: 369-393.

Challinor, A.B. 1996: Atractites guards from the Early Jurassic of New Zealand. Journal of the RoyalSociety of New Zealand, 26: 395-400.

Challinor, A.B. 1996: Belemnites from the Upper Ohauan Stage at Kawhia Harbour, New Zealand.New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 39: 211-223.

Challinor, A.B. 1991: Revision of the belemnites of Misool and a review of the belemnites ofIndonesia. Palaeontographica A218: 87-164.

Challinor, A.B. 1991: Belemnite successions and faunal provinces in the southwest Pacific and thebelemnites of Gondwana. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 12: 301-325.

Challinor, A.B. 1990: A belemnite biozonation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous of Papua New Guinea and afaunal comparison with Eastern Indonesia. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics11: 429-447.

26

Dr Penelope Cooke

Comer Foundation Post DoctoralResearch Fellow in Abrupt ClimateChange

[email protected]

Late Miocene stable isotope and textural stratigraphy ofDSDP site 593, Tasman Sea: and paleoceanographicimplications for the southern Tasman Sea, NZ.


Cooke, P. J., Nelson, C.S., Crundwell, M.P., and Spiegler, D. 2002: Bolboforma as monitors ofCenozoic palaeoceanographic changes in the Southern Ocean, Pasalaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology 188: 73-100.

Cooke, P.J.; Nelson, C.S. 1999: Stable isotope signatures through the Late Miocene plankticforaminiferal ‘Tukemokihi Coiling Zone’ at DSDP Site 593, southern Tasman Sea, GeologicalSociety of New Zealand Annual Conference, Palmerston North. Geological Society of NewZealand Miscellaneous Publication 107A: .33.

Nelson, C.S.; Cooke, P.J. 1999: History of oceanic front development in the New Zealand sector of theSouthern Ocean over the past 60 million years. 8th International Symposium on Antarctic EarthSciences, Wellington, New Zealand: 224.

Cooke, P.J.; Nelson, C.S. 1997: Palaeoceanographic implications of textural cycles in the LateMiocene record at DSDP Site 593, southern Tasman Sea. Geological Society of New ZealandAnnual Conference, Wellington. Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication95A: 40.

Crundwell, M.P.; Cooke, P.J.; Nelson, C.S. 1997: Bolboformids: enigmatic microfossils in NewZealand Late Miocene sediments. Geological Society of New Zealand Annual Conference,Wellington. Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication 95A: 46.


27

Dr Willem de Lange

Senior Lecturer

[email protected]

Oceanography, coastal processes and climatic hazards;tsunami and storm surge prediction and mitigation; wave-induced sediment transport on the continental shelf and withinestuaries; dispersal of materials in the coastal zone; numericalmodelling.


Bell, R.G.; Goring, D.G.; de Lange, W.P. 2000: Sea-level change and storm surges in the context ofclimate change. IPENZ Transactions 27: 1-10.

de Lange, W.P.; Gibb, J.G., 2000: Seasonal, interannual and decadal variability of storm surges atTauranga, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 34: 419-434.

de Lange, W.P. 2000: The last wave - tsunami. In: Hicks, G., Campbell, H., (ed.), Awesome forces: thenatural hazards that threaten New Zealand, 2nd ed., Wellington: Te Papa Press: pp. 98-123.

Lowe, D.J.; de Lange, W.P. 2000: Volcano-meteorological tsunamis, the c. AD 200 Taupo eruption(New Zealand) and the possibility of a global tsunami. The Holocene 10: 401-407.

Prasetya, G.S.; de Lange, W.P., Healy, T.R. 2001: The Makassar Strait tsunamigenic region, Indonesia.In: Bobrowsky, P., (ed.), Geoenvironmental mapping, The Netherlands: A.A. Balkema: pp. 151-158.

Kawata, Y.; Benson, B.C.; Borrero, J.C.; Borrero, J.L.; Davies, H.L.; de Lange, W.P.; Imamura, F.; Letz,H.; Nott, J., Synolakis, C.E. 1999: Tsunami in Papua New Guinea was as intense as first thought.EOS 80: 104-105.

Chick, L., de Lange, W.P., 1999. Tsunami hazard and inundation modelling for the Firth of Thames.Tephra 17: 51-55.

de Lange, W.P.; Fraser, R. 1999: Overview of tsunami hazard in New Zealand. Tephra 17: 3-9.

28

Professor Terry Healy

Port of Tauranga Ltd Research Professor inCoastal Environmental Sciences

[email protected]

Coastal erosion, inlet and inner shelf sedimentation processesenvironmental issues of planning, development andmonitoring of port and marina dredging and spoil disposal.More recently focus has been on muddy sedimentationprocesses and dredging issues for port and marinadevelopment planning.


Healy, T.R, Ying Wang; J-A. Healy (Editors) 2002: Muddy Coasts of the World: Processes, Deposits andFunction Elsevier Science, Amsterdam: 542 p.

Healy, T.R. (Editor) 2001: Challenges for the 21st Century in Coastal Science, Engineering andEnvironment. Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue 3. 687 p.

Healy, T.R, J. Mathew; K.P. Black 2001: Integrated Coastal management for Sustainable Development –Concepts Applicable to the Ashtamudi Estuary, Kerala, India. Ashtamudi Management Plan, ASRLtd and Centre for Earth Science Studies: 160 –209.

Healy, T.R. 2002: Muddy coasts of mid-latitude oceanic islands on an active plate margin – New Zealand,In T. Healy, Y. Wang and J-A Healy (Editors) Muddy Coasts of the World: Processes, Deposits andFunction, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam: 347 - 374.

Healy, T.R. 2002: Enhancing coastal function by sensible setback for open duned coasts. In L. Ewing andL Wallendorf (Editors) Solutions to Coastal Disasters ’02, American Society of Civil Engineers:794 – 807.

Lomb, C.A.M.; T.R. Healy, 2001: Muddy sedimentation in a sheltered estuarine marina, Auckland, NewZealand. Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue 34: 357 – 369.

Beamsley, B.J.; T.R. Healy; K.P. Black 2001. Textural parameters and in situ shear strength of bedsediments within an oceanic embayment. Coasts and Ports 2001: 15th Australasian Conference onCoastal and Ocean Engineering: 1 – 6.

Healy, T.R; Hull, J.; Hume, T., 2001: Dispersal of muddy dredged material on broad inter-tidal flats in afetch-limited environment Shore and Beach 69: 15-22.

Healy, T.R.; R.G. Dean 2000: Methodology for delineation of coastal hazard zone and developmentsetback for open duned coasts, chapter 19 in J.B. Herbich (editor) Handbook of CoastalEngineering. McGraw-Hill: 19.1-19.30.


29

Selected Publications

Dr Barbara Hobden

Post-Doctoral Research Fellow

[email protected]

Petrology, geochemistry, and physical volcanology ofTongariro Volcanic Centre andesites; fingerprinting magmadifferentiation pathways through mineral Sr isotopesystematics; U-Th-Ra isotopes and timescales of magmaticprocesses at Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu; image analysis ofpumice vesicularity textures.

Hobden, B.J., Houghton B.F., Nairn, I.A. 2002: Growth of a young, frequently active composite cone:Ngauruhoe volcano, New Zealand. Bull Volcanol 64: 392-409

Hobden, B.J.. Price, R.C... Gamble, J.A... Stewart, R.B. 2001: Growth and magmatic evolution ofTongariro and Ruapehu volcanoes, New Zealand [Field Trip FT7]. In: Smith, R.T. (Editor), FieldtripGuides, Geological Society of New Zealand Annual Conference 2001, Waikato University,Hamilton. Geol. Soc. NZ. Misc. Publ. 110B: 40 pp.

Hobden, B.J., Hora, J.M., Davidson, J.P., Hawkesworth, C.J., and Thomas, L.E. 2001: Trackingmagmatic differentiation through time: constraints from isotopic and chemical disequilibria in wholerocks, crystals and groundmass of historical Ngauruhoe lavas. (Abst) Geol. Soc. N.Z Misc. Publ.110A: 66.

Hobden, B.J., Houghton; B.F.; Cashman, K.V.; Hammer, J.E.; Wilson, C.J.N. 2000: Processes ofbubble nucleation, growth and collapse in two caldera-forming eruptions at Taupo and Mayor Island,New Zealand. (Abst) Exploring Volcanoes: Utilization of their resources and mitigation of theirhazards - IAVCEI General Assembly 2000, Bali, Indonesia: 238.

Hobden, B.J., Houghton, B.F., Davidson J.P; Weaver, S.D. 2000: Rapid growth and non-systematicmagmatic evolution of an active andesite cone: Ngauruhoe Volcano, New Zealand. In: Smith, I.E.M.,Davidson, J.P., Gamble J.A., Price R.C. (eds) State of the Arc 2000: Processes and timescales.Extended abstracts: 109-112.

Hobden, B.J., Houghton, B.F., Davidson J.P. Weaver, S.D. 1999: Small and short-lived magma batchesat composite volcanoes: Time windows at Tongariro volcano, New Zealand. ‘Special’, Journal of theGeological Society, London 156: 865-868.

30

Dr Steven Hood

Post-Doctoral Research Fellow

[email protected]

Carbonate sedimentology with a particular focus onNew Zealand Cenozoic cool-water carbonates;especially their diagenesis, geochemistry, and ability toact as hydrocarbon reservoirs; petrogeneticimplications for hydrocarbon production in thecarbonate fracture reservoir – the Mid-TertiaryTikorangi Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.


Hood, S.D.; Nelson,; Kamp, P.J.J. 2002: Petrogenesis of the Tikorangi Formation fracture reservoir,Waihapa-Ngaere field, Taranaki Basin. In: 2002 New Zealand petroleum Conference Proceedings.Ministry of Economic Development, Wellington: 48.

Hood, S.D.; Nelson, C.S.; Kamp, P.J.J. 2001: Diagenetic evolution of the Tikorangi Formation,Waihapa-Ngaere Field, Taranaki Basin: a cool-water carbonate fracture reservoir. In: 2001Geological Society of New Zealand Annual Conference, Wellington. Geol. Soc. N.Z.Miscellaneous Publication 110A: 69.

Hood, S. D.; Nelson, C. S. 1998: High-resolution lithostratigraphy of the Oligocene-Miocene TikorangiFormation reservoir, Taranaki Basin: an interpretation based on geophysical logs. GeologicalSociety of New Zealand Annual Conference, Wellington, Geol. Soc. N.Z. MiscellaneousPublication 101A: 122.

Hood, S. D.; Nelson, C. S. 1996: Cementation scenarios for New Zealand Cenozoic non-tropicallimestones. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 39: 109-122.

Hood, S. D.; Nelson, C. S. 1995: Overview of cementation environments and pathways for NewZealand temperate-latitude limestones. Cool and Cool-water Carbonate Conference, Geelong,Australia. Sedimentology Studies Group, Geological Society of Australia: 40-42.

Hayton, S.D.; Nelson, C. S.; Hood, S. D. 1995: A skeletal assemblage classification system for non-tropical carbonate deposits based on New Zealand Cenozoic limestones. Sedimentary Geology 100:123-141.

Hood, S. D.and Nelson, C. S. 1994: Diagenetic pathways for New Zealand Cenozoic non-tropicallimestones. Geological Society of New Zealand Annual Conference, New Plymouth. G.S.N.Z.Miscellaneous Publication 80A: 91.


31

Professor Peter Kamp

[email protected]

Sedimentary geology; sequence stratigraphy applied to N.Z.Cenozoic basins (Taranaki, Wanganui, East Coast); tectonicdevelopment of New Zealand; fission trackthermochronology and U-Th/He thermochronometry appliedto uplift/denudation history of New Zealand and thermalhistory of sedimentary basins.


Armstrong, P.A., Ehlers, T.A Chapman, D.S.,., Farley, K.A. and Kamp, P.J.J., 2003: Exhumation of theCentral Wasatch Mountains, Utah: 1 Patterns and timing of exhumation from low temperaturethermochronology data. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 Iss B3, art. No. 2172.

House, M.A., Gurnis, M., Kamp, P.J.J. and R. Sutherland., 2002: Uplift in the Fiordland region, NewZealand: Implications for incipient subduction. Science, 297, 2038-2041.

Garver, J.I. and Kamp, P.J.J., 2002: Integration of zircon colour and zircon fission track zonationpatterns in orogenic belts: Applications in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, using detrital zircon.Tectonophysics, 349, 203-219.

Crowhurst, P.V., Green, P.F. and Kamp, P.J.J., 2002: Appraisal of (U-Th/He thermochronology as athermal history tool for hydrocarbon exploration: an example from the Taranaki Basin, NewZealand. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 86, 1801-1819.

Kamp, P.J.J. 2001: Possible Jurassic age for part of Rakaia Terrane: Implications fortectonic development of the Torlesse accretionary prism. New Zealand Journal of Geology andGeophysics 44: 185-203.

Kamp, P.J.J. 2000: Thermochronology of the Torlesse accretionary complex, Wellington, New Zealand.Journal of Geophysical Research 105: 19253-19272.

Xu, G.; Kamp, P.J.J. 2000: Tectonics and Denudation adjacent to the Xianshuihe Fault, eastern TibetanPlateau: Constraints from fission track analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research 105: 19231-19251.

Kamp, P.J.J.; Liddell, I.J., 2000: Thermochronology of northern Murihiku Terrane, New Zealandderived from apatite FT analysis. Journal of the Geological Society, London 157: 345-354.

32

Natasha Kuruppu

Assistant Lecturer

[email protected]

Environmental Management and Environmental ImpactAssessment, water quality and wastewater treatment,sustainability and sustainable development.


33

Terry Leach

Research Associate

[email protected]

Development of alteration and mineralisation models forthe Carlin-type gold deposits of northern Nevada, USA, asa guide to exploration strategies; petrology of the highsulphidation gold-copper deposits in Chile and Argentina,including the El Indio and Pascua-Lama; the role of fluidmixing in the formation of epithermal gold-silver deposits.


Leach T.M.; Geiger, M. 2001: Porphyry copper-gold mineralisation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.Proceedings 30th Indonesian Geological Conference, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sept. 2001.

Leach T.M. 2001: Alteration and mineralisation at Busang, East Kalimantan. Proceedings IndonesianMining Association Congress, Jakarata, Nov. 2001.

Leach, T.M.; 1999: Evolution of selected porphyry copper-gold systems in the Southwest Pacificregion. Pacific Rim 99 Congress Proceedings: 211-226.

Corbett, G.J.; Leach, T.M. 1998: Southwest Pacific Rim Gold-Copper Systems : Structure, Alterationand Mineralisation. Special Publications Number 6, Society of Economic Geologists: 236p.

Leach, T.M.; Corbett, G.J.; Magner, P.; MacKenzie, M. 1997: A geological model for goldmineralisation at Reefton, New Zealand, 1997 New Zealand Minerals and Mining ConferenceProceedings, Auckland, Publicity Unit, Crown Minerals, Ministry of Commerce: 159-166.

Grieve, P.; Corbett, G.J.; Leach, T.M., 1997: A conceptual model for gold-silver mineralisation atPuhipuhi, Northland, New Zealand :1997 New Zealand Minerals and Mining ConferenceProceedings, Auckland, Publicity Unit, Crown Minerals, Ministry of Commerce: 133-139.

Corbett, G.J.; Leach, T.M.; Stewart, R.; Fulton, B. 1995: The Porgera gold deposit: Structure, alterationand mineralisation, In Pacific Rim Congress 95, 19-22 November 1995, Auckland, New Zealand,proceedings : Carlton South, The Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: 151-156.

Degling, P.R.; Corbett, G.J.; Leach, T.M.1995: The Peak Hill high sulphidation gold deposit, N.S.W.,In Pacific Rim Congress 95, 19-22 November 1995, Auckland, New Zealand, proceedings :Carlton South, The Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: 175-180.

34

Associate Professor David Lowe

[email protected]

Tephrochronology (correlation of tephra deposits and theirapplication to dating geological, palaeoecological orarchaeological deposits/events); pedology (origin, distributionand classification of soils); palaeopedology; and Quaternaryscience (palaeoenvironmental reconstruction).


Buck, C.E.; Highham, T.F.G.; Lowe, D.J. 2003. Bayesian tools for tephrochronology. The Holocene13, 639-647.

Newnham, R.M.; Eden, D.N.; Lowe, D.J.; Hendy, C.H. 2003. Rerewhakaaitu Tephra, a land-sea markerfor the Last Termination�in New Zealand, with implications for global climate change. QuaternaryScience Reviews 22, 289-308.

Hogg, A.G.; Higham, T.F.G.; Lowe, D.J.; Palmer, J.G.; Reimer, P.J.; Newnham, R.M. 2003. A wiggle-match date for Polynesian settlement of New Zealand. Antiquity 7 7 , 116-125.

Lowe, D.J.; Newnham, R.M.; McCraw, J.D. 2002. Volcanism and early Maori society in New Zealand.Chapter 8 in: R. Torrence & J. Grattan (eds) “Natural Disasters and Cultural Change”,Routledge, London, 126-161.

Lowe, D.J.; Hunt, J.B. 2001: A summary of terminology used in tephra-related studies. Les Dossiersde l’Archéo-Logis 1: 17-22.

Lowe, D.J.; Tippett, J.M.; Kamp, P.J.J.; Liddell, I.J.; Briggs, R.M.; Horrocks, J.L. 2001: Ages onweathered Plio-Pleistocene tephra sequences, western North Island, New Zealand. Les Dossiers del’Archeo-Logis 1: 45-60.

Lowe, D.J.; Newnham, R.M.; McFadgen, B.G.; Higham, T.F.G. 2000: Tephras and New Zealandarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 27: 859-870.

Lowe, D.J. 2000: Upbuilding pedogenesis in multisequal tephra-derived soils in the Waikato region.Proceedings Australian & New Zealand 2n d Joint Soils Conference, Lincoln University 2: 183-184.

Lowe, D.J.; de Lange, W.P. 2000: Volcano-meteorological tsunamis, the c. 200 AD Taupo eruption(New Zealand) and the possibility of a global tsunami. The Holocene 10: 401-407.


35

Emeritus Professor John McCraw,MBE

Quaternary geology; parent materials of soils and using soilpatterns to elucidate geomorphic history; Maori legendsexplaining landforms; gold mining history and public lectureson Earth sciences. Involved early in his career with soil surveysthroughout New Zealand as well as Australia, U.S.A. andEurope. Led the first Soil Bureau Antarctic Expedition in 1959.


McCraw, J.D. 2000: Mountain water and river gold. Square One Press, Dunedin: 316.

McCraw, J.D. 1999: Waikato – How it all began. In Our Story, Waikato Times: 1p

McCraw, J.D. 1997: Soils and topography of the Hamilton Basin. In Belonging to the Land: TheGeoffrey Burridge Memorial Volume, Ed. Evelyn Stokes and Margaret Begg, Waikato BranchNZ Geographical Society, Hamilton: 52-59.

McCraw, J.D. 1995: Report of Consultative Committee on Sewage Treatment and Disposal, HamiltonCity Council: 31pp. plus Appendices.

McCraw, J.D. 1995: The wandering river. N.Z. Map Society Journal 9: 3-10.

McCraw, J.D. 1994: Maori legends as an aid in teaching Earth sciences Pt 4. Legends aboutMountains. N.Z. Science Teacher 76: 23-28

McCraw, J.D. 1993: Maori legends as an aid in teaching Earth sciences Pt 2. Legends about theorigins of rivers. N.Z. Science Teacher 73: 14-17.

McCraw, J.D. 1993: Maori legends as an aid in teaching Earth sciences Pt 3. Legends about theorigins of lakes. N.Z. Science Teacher 73: 15-18.

McCraw, J.D. 1990: Maori legends as an aid in teaching Earth sciences Pt 1. N.Z. Science Teacher 65:45-47.

McCraw, J.D. 1990: Maori Legends as an aid in teaching Earth sciences Pt 5. Concepts of erosion andvolcanic activity. N.Z. Science Teacher 77: 52-56.

36

Dr Vicki Moon

Senior Lecturer

[email protected]

Geomechanics and engineering geology, particularly softrocks; volcanic and pyroclastic materials; weathering; masswasting of weathered and altered rocks; soil erosion fromdevelopment sites.


Moon, V.G., Russell, G.; Stewart, M. 2001: The value of rock mass classification systems for weakrock masses: a case example from Huntly, New Zealand. Engineering Geology 61: 553-57.

Moon, V.G.; Simpson, C.J. 2002: Large-scale mass wasting in ancient volcanic materials, EngineeringGeology 64: 41-64.

Moon, V.G.; Morton, D. 1998: Prediction of sediment erosion during earthworks. New ZealandGeomechanics News No. 55,: 37-44.

Simpson, C J..; Moon, V.G. 1998: Landslide susceptibility mapping for Thames and the KauerangaValley. Programme and Abstracts of the Geological Society of New Zealand Annual Conference,30 November - 3 December 1998. Christchurch, New Zealand: 205.

Winter, E.R.; Balks, M.R.; Moon, V.G., 1998: Sediment yield during earthworks and efficiency of asediment retention pond. New Zealand Society of Soil Science Conference, 16-19 November,Gisborne, New Zealand: 93-94.

Moon, V.G.; Beattie, A. G. 1995: Textural and microstructural influences on the durability of WaikatoCoal Measures mudrocks. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 28: 303-312

Moon, V.G.; de Lange, W.P.; Warren, S K.; Healy, T. R. 1994: Post-disposal behaviour of sandydredged material at an open-water, inner shelf disposal site. Journal of Coastal Research 10: 651-662.

Moon, V.G.; Healy, T.R. 1994: Mechanisms of coastal cliff retreat and hazard zone delineation in softflysch deposits. Journal of Coastal Research 10: 663-680.


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Professor Cam Nelson

[email protected]

Sedimentary and marine geology, especially thesedimentology and diagenesis of non-tropical shelfcarbonate deposits, and the application of stableisotopes in paleoceanography and paleoclimatology.Basin analysis of Cenozoic sedimentary basins inNorth Island, New Zealand.

Nelson, C.S.; Cooke, P.J. 2001: History of oceanic front development in the New Zealand sectorof the Southern Ocean during the Cenozoic – a synthesis. New Zealand Journal of Geologyand Geophysics 44: 537-555.

Hayton, S.; Nelson, C.S; Ricketts, B.D.; Cooke, S.; Wedd, M.W. 2001: Effect of mica onparticle-size analysis using the laser diffraction technique. Journal of SedimentaryResearch 71: 507-509.

Nelson, C.S.; James, N.P. 2000: Marine cements in mid-Tertiary cool-water shelf limestones ofNew Zealand and southern Australia. Sedimentology 47: 609-629.

Nelson, C.S., Hendy, I.L., Neil, H.L., Hendy, C.H.; Weaver, P.P.E. 2000: Last glacial jetting ofcold waters through the Subtropical Convergence zone in the Southwest Pacific off easternNew Zealand, and some geological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 156: 103-121.

Anastas, A.S.; James, N.P.; Nelson, C.S.; Dalrymple, R.W. 1998: Deposition and texturalevolution of cool-water limestones: outcrop analog for reservoir potential in cross-beddedcalcitic reservoirs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 82: 160-180.

Dodd, J.R.; Nelson, C.S. 1998: Diagenetic comparisons between non-tropical Cenozoiclimestones of New Zealand and tropical Mississippian limestones from Indiana, USA: Is thenon-tropical model better than the tropical model? Sedimentary Geology 121: 1-21.

Gillespie, J.P.; Nelson, C.S.; Nodder, S.D. 1998: Post-glacial sea-level control and sequencestratigraphy of carbonate-terrigenous sediments, Wanganui shelf, New Zealand.Sedimentary Geology 122: 245-266.

.

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Dr Gabi Palmer

Lecturer

[email protected]

Ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated sites; pesticideresidue assessment, pharmaceuticals in the terrestrialenvironment and ecological impacts of land applied wastes.Soil health indicators and sustainable forestry; using novelbiotechnology to enhance on-site remediation; environmentaldiagnostics; nutrient fate and availability in pollutedecosystems, groundwater contamination and environmentalrisk assessment.


Blake, W.H. Walsh, R.P.D., Barnsley, M.J., Palmer, G, Dyrynda, P.J. and James, J.G. 2003. In Pressonline available www3. interscience.wiley.com. April 2003. Accepted August 20202.Hydrological Processes. Heavy metal concentrations during storm events in a rehabilitatedindustrialized catchment.

Gaw, S.J., Palmer, G., Kim, N.D., and Wilkins, A.L. 2002. Preliminary evidence that copper inhibits thedegradation of DDT to DDE in pip and stonefruit orchard soils in the Auckland region.Environmental Pollution, 122, 57-62.

R.P.D. Walsh; G.J.P. Thornton; Boulton, M.A.; Ellis, A.C and G.T. Palmer;. 2000: Changes in heavymetal pollution levels and dynamics in the River Tawe catchment area since 1970, withredevelopment of the Lower Swansea Valley. British Hydrological Society Special SupplementNumber 11: 331-338.

Palmer, G.; McFadzean, R.; Sinclair, A.; Killham, K.; Paton, G.I. 1998: Use of lux-based biosensors forthe rapid diagnosis of pollutants in soils. Chemosphere 36, 12: 2683-2696.

Paton, G.I.; Palmer, G.; Burton, M.; Rattray, E.A.S.; McGrath, S.P.; Glover, L.A.; Killham, K. 1997:Development of an acute and chronic assay using lux-marked Rhizobium leguminosraum biovartrifolii. Letters in Applied Microbiology 24: 296-300.

Paton, G.I.; Palmer, G.; Kindness, A.; Campbell, C.; Glover, L.A.; Killham, K. 1995: Use ofluminescence-marked bacteria to assess copper bioavailability in malt whisky distillery effluent.Chemosphere 31: 3217-3224.


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Emeritus Professor Michael Selby

[email protected]

Rock and soil mechanics, engineering geology and archeologicalscience; strength of rock and soils, and especially the application ofstrength studies to the stability of mountain slopes. Field workincludes studies in Antarctica, the Sahara, southern Africa, theAndes and Himalayas as well as in New Zealand.


Selby, M.J. 1993: Hillslope Materials and Processes, 2n d ed, Press Oxford University Press 451p.

Soons, J.M. and Selby M.J. 1992: (eds) Soons, J.M. and Selby M.J. Landforms of New Zealand 2n d

ed. Longman Paul. Auckland: 531p.

Selby, M.J. 1985: Earth’s Changing Surface, Clarendon Press Oxford: 607p.

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Dr Richard Smith

Lecturer

[email protected]

Physical volcanology, shallow magmatic processes, physicalsedimentology, and risk mitigation of natural hazards. Thebroad aim of my research is to improve understanding ofhow volcanoes and their associated magmatic systemsoperate; the eruptive and depositional mechanisms of the 181AD Taupo eruption, investigations into the nature anddynamics of cone-building Tongariro eruptions, andapplication of SRIMP zircon dating to quantifying thetimescales of silicic magma systems in the Taupo VolcanicZone.


Becker, J.S.; Smith, R.T.; Johnston, D.M.; Munro, A. 2000: Effects of the 1995-1996 Ruapehueruptions on central North Island communities, New Zealand. Australasian Journal of Disasterand Trauma Studies 2001-. http://www.massey.ac.nz/%7Etrauma/issues/2001-1/becker.htm

Brown, S.J.A.; Smith, R.T.; Fletcher; J.W. Cole 2001: Ion probe dating and CL imaging of zirconsfrom large volume Quaternary ignimbrites in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand:Implications for large silicic magma systems, Extended abstract, GSA Penrose Conference,Longevity and dynamics of rhyolitic magma systems, Mammoth, California, June 6-12, 2001.

De Ronde, C.E.J; Davy, B.W.; Smith, R.T.; Immenga, D.K.H.; Baxter, J.A. 2001: Detailed swathmapping survey of a submarine geothermal system, Lake Taupo, New Zealand. Proceedings, 10th

Internat. Symposium on Rock-Water-Interaction, Villasimius, June 2001.

Smith, R.T.; Houghton, B.F. 2000: Grain Size Variations in Phreatoplinian deposits: Tephra Dispersalduring large ‘Wet’ eruptions. IAVCEI General Assembly 2000, Bali: 251.

Houghton, B.F.; Wilson, C.J.N.; Smith, R.T.; Gilbert, J.S. 1999: Phreatoplinian Eruptions. InSigurdsson, H. (Ed) Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press, San Diego: 513-525.

Smith, R.T; Houghton, B.F. 1998: Heterogeneous and episodic large-scale phreatomagmaticvolcanism: Unit 4 (Rotongaio Ash) of the Taupo eruption. Geological Society Misc. Publ. 101A:p. 208.


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Debra Stokes

Assistant Lecturer

[email protected]

Research Interests:� tidal creek/salt marsh systems,coastal geomorphology, tsunami deposits of NZ�

�

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6. Programmes of Study

6.1 Bachelor of Science (Honours) BSc(Hons)Admission to this degree is by invitation only. The degree requires the completion of 120points at level 5 over one year.

6.2 Graduate Diploma in Applied Science ( GradDipAppSc)The Diploma in Applied Science is available to graduates who wish to broaden and deepen theirknowledge of a selected and limited area of applied science which may cross the traditionalboundaries between recognised disciplines. The Diploma is also intended to serve the needsof experienced scientists who may wish to extend their knowledge, bring it up to date or acquirea qualification in selected areas of study. The requirements for the Diploma must becompleted within one year of full-time or two years of part-time study.Candidates must satisfactorily complete:• 30 points at Level 5 from papers in appropriate subjects• 30 points at level 5 from a directed programmed of study• 60 points from a written report of an investigation of an approved topic

The report is a major part of the requirements but it is not intended to be a piece of originalresearch; rather it is the result of an investigation of a situation or problem to which scientificexpertise may be applied. The report should take a form appropriate to its topic: it may, forexample, have the form of an environmental impact report, or be designed as a submission to aplanning tribunal. The candidate may be required to present orally a review of the investigation.The investigation and report preparation will represent four months of full-time work.

6.3 Postgraduate Diploma in Science Education (PGDipSciEd)Postgraduate Diploma in Technology Education (PGDipTechEd)

This qualification is open to graduates with a BSc and/or an education qualification who wish tofurther their knowledge of a selected area of science education.

Candidates must satisfactorily complete:

• 30 points from a science education or technology education paper• 30 points from a directed study in science education or technology education• 30 points from a paper in educational research methods• 30 points from a science, technology or education paper


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6.4 Postgraduate Certificate in Science (PGCertSc)This certificate is open to graduates holding a bachelors degree in science or its equivalent. Thepostgraduate certificate allows graduates to further their theoretical base in a specific area ofscience and technology. It can also serve as an interim qualification for people who may takegraduate papers as part of their professional development. The PG CertSc can also be traded intoother graduate qualifications

The PGCertSc comprises:

• 60 points at Level 5 papers offered for the MSc or MSc (Tech) degrees

• Only 30 points of these may be a directed study

6.5 Postgraduate Diploma in Science (PGDipSc)This qualification fills an increasing need for science graduates to be able to complete a one yearpostgraduate qualification without committing themselves to the full two years of study requiredfor a masters degree The PGDipSc can also be traded into other graduate qualifications. Thecandidate’s programme of study requires approval of the Academic Board.

In summary the requirements are:

A total of 120 points at level 5 papers in appropriate subjects

• 30 points may be a dissertation

• 30 points may be taken from a subject offered by another School or faculty, subject to theapproval by the Academic Board.

Candidates are advised to read the full regulations for the Postgraduate Diploma in Science printed onp. 21 of the Science and Engineering 2004 Graduate Handbook.

6.6 Master of Science (MSc)Master of Science (Technology) (MSc(Tech))Candidates select their papers in consultation with the Chairperson of Department and willnormally be required to offer a selection of papers in the first half of year 1 and a thesis in theremainder of year 1 and year 2. The MSc degree is the main masters degree taken in EarthSciences. The degree may be completed on a part-time basis. Candidates for this degree mustcomplete a total of 240 points from an appropriate subject or subjects. The MSc (Technology)degree is also become and is designed to extend the interaction between student, employer, andthe University; thesis investigation for this particular degree is typically on a research problemoriginating from industrial or applied projects.

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Currently the following graduate papers are available:

ERTH500-04C (HAM) Research ExerciseThis paper formalises the ongoing work in preparation for the thesis year conducted by MSc orMSc(Tech) students in the first year of their masters degree. This preparatory work is normallyconducted during the intervening summer period between the first and second year of the mastersdegree. Candidates should discuss the appropriateness of enrolling in this paper with their supervisoror the school registrar.

ERTH511-04Y (HAM) Special Topics -30 points

(By arrangement, and with the approval of the Chairperson of Earth Sciences).

ERTH521-04Y (HAM) Volcanology30 points

(Course coordinator: Dr Richard Smith)

Physical volcanology, including the nature and dynamics of wet and dry explosive eruptions, pyroclastictransport and deposition, landscape response to large eruptions, and active volcano monitoring andhazard management. Principles and applications of tephrochronology and tephrostratigraphy. Volcanicgeochemistry and petrology, including magmatic processes, application of major and trace element andisotopic data, and origin of arc and intraplate magmas.

ERTH522-04Y (HAM) Sedimentary Basins 30 points

(Course coordinator: Professor Peter Kamp)Advanced sedimentology, including sedimentary facies analysis, the identification of depositionalpaleoenvironments, and controls on sedimentation and paleoceanography. Principles of basin analysisincluding seismic and sequence stratigraphy and structural styles in sedimentary basins. Diageneticstudies from the perspective of dynamic processes, and burial and thermal history of sequences.Analysis of New Zealand Cretaceous-Cenozoic sedimentary basins.

ERTH523-04Y (HAM) Quaternary Stratigraphy and Paleoenvironments30 points

(Course coordinator: Associate Professor David Lowe)

The paper examines environmental change during the Quaternary period (the last two to three millionyears) and analyses some of the important evidence used in reconstructing Quaternary environments,particularly climatic change, using a stratigraphic framework and geochronological techniques.

Students should acquire an understanding of some of the principles and multidisciplinary techniquesused to interpret environmental changes as recorded in Quaternary deposits, especially of New Zealand,using a stratigraphic framework.

ERTH531-04Y (HAM) Advanced Soil Science30 points

(Course coordinator: Dr Gabi Palmer)


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This course will comprise a series of selected modules or topics on aspects of soil science. Possibletopics include pedology and paleopedology, soil-water interactions, soil chemistry, and soil toxicologyand soil remediation.

ERTH541-04Y (HAM) Hydrology and Water Resources30 points

(Course coordinator: Associate Professor Earl Bardsley)

Lectures, projects, seminars and field trips covering aspects of vegetation and catchment hydrology,micrometeorology, hydro-meteorological instrumentation and data analysis, and groundwatermodelling.

ERTH543-04Y (HAM) Coastal Sedimentation and Environment30 points

(Course coordinator: Professor Terry Healy)

This paper addresses modern contentious issues of coastal sedimentation and sedimentary processeswithin a range of sedimentary environments. Both fundamental and applied contexts are examined. Inparticular it covers the scientific principles behind monitoring programmes imposed under RMA 1991for coastal sedimentation processes associated with port and marine developments as well as coastalhazard analysis and planning. It covers such issues as modern sea level change implications, dredgespoil monitoring, beach renourishments, application of the Dean EBP model, and the Kriebel-Deannumerical model for coastal hazard zone application. Coastal engineering issues relating to port design,and sea walls are covered.

ERTH544-04Y (HAM) Numerical Modelling of Coastal ProcessesThis paper is not offered in 2004

Seminar, lecture and practical paper that aims to provide instruction in the development and use ofnumerical models in the investigation of coastal processes in their broadest sense. The paper willexamine the field data collection for model calibration, types of numerical models and modellingtechniques, and the application of a range of numerical models to coastal problems.

ERTH545-04Y (HAM) Marine InstrumentationThis paper is not offered in 2004

This paper introduces students to a variety of state-of-the-art marine instrumentation and the necessarydata analysis techniques required to utilize the equipment. It examines the principles behind theiroperation, their operational requirements, and the nature of their data products.

This paper is essential for all students intending to undertake coastal marine research. The data analysissection would benefit students with interests outside coastal marine research.

ERTH546-04Y (HAM) Coastal Oceanography30 points

(Course coordinator Dr Karin Bryan)

This paper provides a thorough discussion of physical processes in the coastal marine environment.The emphasis will be on dynamical principles, and the paper is aimed at students with an interest inusing quantitative methods for oceanographic research.

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ERTH551-04Y (HAM) Rock and Soil Mechanics30 points

(Course coordinator: Dr Vicki Moon)

There are three main themes: the principles and practice of rock mechanics, especially the rheology ofintact rock and rock masses, and the strength of intact rock in compression and shear, and of rockjoints in shear; the principles and practice of soil mechanics, especially the properties of clays andgranular materials and the methods and usefulness of evaluative techniques such as triaxial, Atterberglimits, compaction and consolidation testing; and the problems and methods of engineering geology, inwhich case studies of classes of materials, construction projects, and distinctive environments are usedas a basis for study.

ERTH581-04Y (HAM) Exploration and Economic Geology30 points

(Course coordinator: Assoc. Prof. Roger Briggs)

Geophysical and geochemical techniques used in mineral prospecting and exploration, miningtechnologies and remediation processes are a central theme of this paper, which also includescontribution on the occurrence, geological setting, constitution and exploration of a wide range ofmetallic, non-metallic and organic resources.

ENVS521-04Y (HAM) Environmental Evaluation30 points

(Course coordinator: Dr Megan Balks)

The environmental evaluation course is taught predominantly within the context of the resource consentprocess under the Resource Management Act 1991. The activities involved in evaluating resourceconsent applications and setting and monitoring resource consent conditions will be used as theexample of how environmental evaluation is undertaken within New Zealand. This will provide studentswith an insight into the operation of the current resource consent process and the relationship betweenscience and planning which will be valuable for people who go on to develop careers in both planningand environmental science applications. The paper is taught jointly by the departments of EarthSciences, Geography, and Biology.


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6.7 Masterate Programme in Resources and Environmental Planning(MSc(REP))The REP programme is open to students who have completed the undergraduate supportingmajor in REP (or its equivalent), and mature students with a first degree and appropriateworkplace experience. Students with insufficient background will be required to do additionalpaper work.

120 points from

ERTH594 W V (HAM)

60 points from:

ENVS521-04 Y (HAM) Environmental EvaluationGEOG505-04 B (HAM) Environmental Planning theory

plus 60 points from:Two further Level 5 papers from Earth Sciences

The thesis will normally stem from the student's major subject, but may have an interdisciplinary(REP) focus.

This programme emphasises the cultural, social, and political contexts in which physical andeconomic planning occur. It enables students to gain theoretical and applied understanding ofresources and environmental planning through intensive paper work, workshops, and field-work. The programme mutually strengthens both the disciplinary and REP interests ofstudents. Technical and practical skills acquired in the programme will provide a professionalorientation to the degree.

The programme can be taken in conjunction with the Postgraduate Diploma in Resource andEnvironmental Planning (PGDipREP), further details of which are available from theDepartment of Geography.

6.8 ERTH600-04W (HAM) Master of Philosophy (MPhil)ERTH600-04P (HAM) The MPhil degree is a pre-eminent research-based degree in which students undertake aprogrammed of approved and supervised research that leads to a thesis. The thesis criticallyinvestigates an approved topic of substance and significance, demonstrates expertise in themethods of research and scholarship, displays intellectual independence and makes a substantialoriginal contribution to the field of study, and is of publishable quality.

The prerequisites to enrol for the MPhil are a bachelors degree with Honours, or a mastersdegree with an appropriate class of Honours, or in exceptional circumstances have producedappropriate evidence of previous training and experience.

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6.9 ERTH900-04W (HAM) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)ERTH900-04P (HAM) This is the premier research degree that is required if the candidate intends to become aprofessional scientist in a research organisation or university. Candidates are required to makean original contribution to the field of study by empirical investigation, the formulation oftheories, or the innovative reinterpretation of known data and established ideas. The research isnormally written up as a thesis, and must demonstrate the research process, arguments, findingsand conclusions drawn.

The degree normally takes three years with a minimum of two years full-time study. Theprerequisites for enrolling in a PhD are First or Second Class Honours in an MSc or MSc(Tech), or an MPhil. However, a candidate who registered for an MPhil can, in some cases,transfer to a PhD (see current Calendar). PhD candidates must present a thesis, which mayconsist of either published or unpublished original material, or a combination of both.

Cathedral Cove, near Hahei Beach, Mercury Bay, Coromandel, New Zealand Photo R.M. Briggs


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7. Scholarships and Funding

Details of various scholarships providing some financial assistance for graduate studentresearch are listed in each year's Calendar of The University of Waikato. These include thefollowing:

• Antarctica New Zealand Post-Graduate Research Scholarships

• Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Education Endowment Fund - $2,000 forresearch related to the study of mineral deposits, their exploration and environmental issues.

• BNZ Graduate Scholarship $4,000

• Broad Memorial Fund - stipend to assist Earth Sciences students with research costs(applications following enrolment)

• Commonwealth Scholarships to New Zealand (applicants should get information fromuniversities in their own country)

• Edward and Isobel Kidson Scholarship $3000 p.a.

• Enterprise Scholarships (MSc & PhD)

• Fernhill Charitable Trust [email protected]

• Frank Knox Scholarship $US11,000

• Freyberg Scholarship – $70,000

• Fulbright=EQA Awards in Natural Disaster Research

• Gerald Agnew Graduate Scholarship $4000 PLUS Fees

• Hamish Saunders Memorial Fund – mission to nurture future leaders in the knowledge,conservation and management of marine environments.

• Hauraki Marine Development Trust (07 868 8590)

• Hillary Jolly Memorial Scholarship - stipend available for students involved in water scienceresearch (applications when notified)

• L.B. Wood Travelling Scholarship

• Mauriora Ki Te Ao Scholarships www.linz.govt.nz/mauriora

• New Zealand Petroleum Exploration Association Scholarship for Excellence in Earth Sciencetotal value up to $5000 in one year. This Scholarship aims to increase public awareness of theoil and gas exploration industry and its contribution to the well being of New Zealand.

• New Zealand Science and Technology Post Doctoral Scholarships

• Northland Regional Council 2004 Sustainable Management Scholarship $5000

• NZ Freemasons University Scholarship www.freemasons.co.nz/benevolence

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• N.Z. Federation of University Women Merit Award - available to women enrolled for PhDstudy (applications close 14 February)

• Resource Management Law Association Graduate Scholarship from a variety of disciplines.Value $10,0000

• Royal Society of New Zealand Travel grants

• S.J. Hastie Scholarship – stipend awarded by the Geological Society of New Zealand

• Te Ohu Kaia Moana Charitable Trust Scholarship for Tertiary Training 2003 (www.tokm.co.nz

• The Betty Loughhead Soroptimist Scholarship [email protected]

• Tuapapa Putaiao Maori Fellowships are open to applicants of Maori descent who have thepotential to be good scientists, technologist, or engineers. Fellowships aim to increase Maoriparticipation at the highest levels of science, engineering and technology and to provide rolemodels for young Maori.

• University of Waikato Alumni Masters Scholarships, value $5000. The Fund is intended toprovide support for students who have graduated with a degree of the University of Waikatoand are enrolled for a masters degree at this University in the year of tenure.

• University of Waikato Doctoral Scholarships - stipend of about $15,000 per year for higherdegree study (applications close late October)

• University of Waikato Masters Scholarship $5000 PLUS $3500 towards Tuition Fees

• William Georgetti Scholarship $10,000

• Woolf Fisher Trust for study at Cambridge or Oxford Universities

• Contract research – from time to time the Department arranges research contracts with outsideorganisations providing for financial and other assistance (applications following departmentaladvertisement).

http://www.rsnz.org/awards.rsnz.awards/index.php

[email protected]

For further information on awards and scholarships available for graduate students at

the University of Waikato, students should consult:

(a) The University of Waikato Calendar(b) The University of Waikato Scholarship Handbook 2003 — 2004 available in all

departments and the Deans’ offices(c) The University of Waikato Postgraduate Handbook.(d) The scholarship file at the Circulation Desk of the University Library(e) The Scholarship Officer, Landcare Building, Eastern Campus, Silverdale Road.(f) The University of Waikato Scholarship web address:

www.waikato.ac.nz/asd/groups/scholarships.shtml

FeesRefer to the Postgraduate Handbook of The University of Waikato or to The University ofWaikato Calendar for full details of fees and charges.


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8. Student Research

8.1 Theses completed from 2002 - 2003

PhD awarded

Brown, E.J.Evaluating the potential of constructed groundwater systems to improve the water supplyoperations of Auckland City, New Zealand.

Bowyer, D.A. Petrologic, Geochemical and Isotopic Evolution of Rhyolite lavas from the Okataina,Rotorua and Kapenga Volcanic Centres, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand.

Cook, R.C. Petrogenesis and Evolution of Alkalic Basaltic Magmas in a Continental IntraplateSetting: the South Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand

Cooke, P.J. Aspects of Neogene Palaeoceanography in the Southern Tasman Sea (DSDP Site593)

Caron, V. Petrogenesis of Pliocene limestones in southern Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand: acontribution to unraveling the sequence stratigraphy and digenetic pathways of cool-water shelf carbonate facies.

Jayawardane, M.P.J. Weathering of Basalt: Geotechnical & Geochemical Aspects

Smith, Jeff Fluxes of carbon dioxide and water vapour at a Waikato peat bog

MSc awarded

Hendy, A.J.W. (MSc) The Paleontology of Matemateonga Formation

Cody, A.D. (MSc) Geology, History and Stratigraphy of Hydrothermal Eruptions in the RotoruaGeothermal Field.

Chizmar, J.M The nature and dynamics of explosive eruptions and associated crater formation atTama Lakes, Tongariro Volcano.

Hancock, N.J. The Effect of wave period on the amplitude response of pressure sensors undersimulated wave conditions.

Evans, T.P.H. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of early to middle Miocene Strata, westernTaumarunui Region, King Country Basin

Cartwright, S.J. Cenozoic Geological Evolution of the Central-Eastern King Country Basin, NorthIsland.

Cullingford, M.D The volcanism of the Alderman Islands, Ohinau Island, and Southern OnemanaPeninsula, Eastern Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand.

Gardiner, D.A. Impacts of Canal Housing Developments as measured by public perception and waterquality indicators.

Lauder, C.J. Geotechnical hazards affecting Kawhia Road, New Zealand.

Cooper, G.G. Coastal hydrodynamics and shoreline at Buffalo Beach, Mercury

Wilson, A.D. Erosion probability of the Eastern Bay of Plenty.

Bigham, A.D.* A feasibility study on deep well injection as a means of disposing Kawerau effluent.

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Footnote * (MSc(Tech))

8.2 Current Doctoral Research in Earth Sciences

Kyle Bland Analysis of the Pliocene Hawke’s Bay Forearc BasinAmber DunnScott Fraser

Coastal response to climatic variability and changeEffects Of pulp mill biosolids on soil function

Haydon Jones

Natasha Kuruppu

Use of soil information for site specific management of production forestsClimatic change and variability and its effect on urban water supplies

Blair Lynch-Blosse The Waimakariri and Pokai ignimbrites in northern and western TaupoVolcanic Zone, New Zealand

John Menneer Impact of intensive grazing management in the WaikatoArne Pallentin The Pliocene-Pleistocene Te Aute Limestone, northern Hawke’s BayDavid Phillips Sediment transport on black sand beaches of the West coastVern Pickett Application of equilibrium beach profile modelling to coastal hazard

zone mapping in the Bay of PlentyTim Pritchard Assessing the fate and impacts of pollutants discharged to dynamic

coastal watersJennifer PurdieScarfe, Bradley

Stokes, Debra

Forecasting inflows for the Waitaki Power SchemeIntegrating assessment of effects on surfing breaks due to coastalmodifications into environmental impact reportingExtreme waves and their effect on the Auckland region coastline

Gareth Vaughan Computational modeling of a breaking waveJohn White Nearshore beach sediments and their response to transport near

seawallsAdam Vonk Mid-Miocene to Early Pliocene evolution of the central-western North Island

continental margin

Karsten Zegwaard Predicting soil pugging effects of pasture production on a heavy texturedsoil


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9 . Careers in Earth Sciences

There is a growing demand for Earth Sciences graduates brought about by an increasing awareness of theneed for the wise management of New Zealand's land and water resources. Some specific jobs thatrecent graduates from this Department have taken up include:

Gina Resource Management Planner, Rotorua District Council

Louise Hazard Management Team Leader, Auckland Regional Council

Graham Environmental Services officer, Auckland Regional Council

David Business Development Officer, Perry Group Ltd, Hamilton

Tom Police Officer, Hamilton

Cara Preventative Maintenance Engineer, Transfield Services Ltd

Geoff Volcanology Technician, GNS, Taupo

Paul Coastal Service Delivery Engineer, Rodney District Council

Heeni High School Teacher, Bay of Plenty

Peter Company Director, ASR Ltd, New Plymouth

Randall Environmental Resource Scientist, Canada

Jo Engineering Consultancy, Tonkin Taylor Ltd, Hamilton

Austen Studying for a PhD, Connecticut, USA

Mark Engineering Consultancy, Mark T. Mitchell Ltd, Hamilton

Ed Hydrogeologist, Environment Waikato

Vincent Research Scientist, St Luce, France

Andrew Policy Advisor for the Environment, Kingston, ACT, Australia

Amy Hydrologist, Mighty River Power

Tai Rangahau – the principle research vessel for

Earth Sciences staff and students. This vessel was

recently fitted with a Multi-beam Sea-Floor

Imaging System (p. 6)

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