Research and - German Aerospace Center · 2012-02-21 · Imprint Published by: DLR – Deutsches...

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007DLR at a glance

DLR is Germany´s national research center for aeronautics andspace. Its extensive research and development work in Aeronautics,Space, Transportation and Energy is integrated into national andinternational cooperative ventures. As Germany´s space agency,DLR has been given responsibility for the forward planning and theimplementation of the German space program by the Germanfederal government as well as for the international representationof German interests. Furthermore, Germany’s largest project-management agency is also part of DLR.

Approximately 5,300 people are employed in DLR´s 28 institutesand facilities at nine locations in Germany: Koeln-Porz (headquar-ters), Berlin-Adlershof, Bonn-Oberkassel, Braunschweig, Bremen,Goettingen, Lampoldshausen, Oberpfaffenhofen, and Stuttgart.DLR also operates offices in Brussels, Paris, and Washington, D.C.

DLR’s mission comprises the exploration of the Earth and the SolarSystem, research for protecting the environment, for environmen-tally-compatible technologies, and for promoting mobility, commu-nication, and security. DLR’s research portfolio ranges from basicresearch to innovative applications and products of tomorrow. Inthat way DLR contributes the scientific and technical know-howthat it has gained to enhancing Germany’s industrial and technolo-gical reputation. DLR operates large-scale research facilities for DLR’sown projects and as a service provider for its clients and partners.It also promotes the next generation of scientists, provides compe-tent advisory services to government, and is a driving force in thelocal regions of its field centers.

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Research and Economic Development

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German Aerospace Center

Corporate Development and External Relations

Linder HoeheD-51147 Cologne

www.DLR.de

Imprint

Published by: DLR – Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.


Address Linder HoeheD-51147 Cologne

Editor Dr. Nicola RohnerCorporate Development and External Relations

Design CD Werbeagentur GmbH, Troisdorf

Printed by Druckerei Thierbach GmbH, Muelheim/Ruhr

on December 2007

Reporting period July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007

Data status December 31, 2006

Reproduction in whole or in part or anyother use is subject to prior permissionfrom the German Aerospace Center (DLR).

www.DLR.de

Facts & Figures > List of abbreviations

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Society for Applied Remote Sensing

Group for Aeronautical Research andTechnology in Europe

German European Security Association e.V.

Research Centre Geesthacht GmbH

German space operations center

Global monitoring of environment and security

Global Navigation Satellite System

Global Positioning System

High definition television

Helmholtz Association of National Research Centers

International Astronautical Congress

IQNet Business Excellence Class

International Civil Aviation Organization

International Council of the AeronauticalSciences

International Council of Scientifitc Unions –World Data Center for Remote Sensing ofthe Atmosphere

International Energy Agency

Institute for Energy and EnvironmentalResearch, Heidelberg

Instituto Nacional Antártico Chileno

Brazilian space research institute

International space station

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Joint Committee meeting

Korea Aerospace Research Institute

Kennedy space Center

German Federal Aviation Administration

Laser communication terminal

Light detection and ranging

Large-Low-Speed Facility

Aeronautics Research Programme

Central European Summer Time

Memorandum of understanding

Max Planck Society

National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration

Dutch aerospace research institution

GAF

GARTEUR

GESA

GKSS

GSOC

GMES

GNSS

GPS

HDTV

HGF

IAC

IBEC

ICAO

ICAS

ICSU

IEA

IFEU

INACH

INPE

ISS

JAXA

JCM

KARI

KSC

LBA

LCT

LIDAR

LLF

LUFO

MESZ

MoU

MPG

NASA

NLR

NOAA

ONERA

PoF

PPP

PSA

PT

QM

ROSKOSMOS

RWTH Aachen

SAR

SESAR

SOLLAB

STREP

TU

TVöD

TWG

UFS

UN

VDI

WMO

WTR

National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration

Office National d’Etudes et de RecherchesAerospatiales

The Helmholtz Association Programme-oriented funding

Public Private Partnership

Plataforma Solar de Almería

Project management agency

Quality management

Russian space authority

University of Applied Sciences, Aachen,North Rhine-Westphalia

Synthetic aperture radar

Single European sky ATM research

Alliance of European Laboratories on SolarThermal Concentrating Systems

Specific Targeted Research Projects; application category under the EU RFP

Technical University

Collective agreement for the public service

Transsonischer wind tunnel Göttingen

Environmental Research StationSchneefernerhaus

United Nations

Association of German Engineers

World Meteorological Organization

DLR Scientific-Technical Council

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Research and Economic Development2006/2007

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Research ResultsAeronautics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Space Agency and Space R&D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Project Management Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Contents

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Ecomonic DevelopmentStrategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

The research enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Presentation of results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Results Third-party funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Research-related results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Technology marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

StructureCorporate development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Quality management and environmental protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RelationsHelmholtz Association of National Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58National and European Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58International cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Corporate communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

PeopleEqual opportunities; work-life balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Personnel development at DLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Awards and prizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Compilation of Performance Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

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Contents

Facts & FiguresInstitutes and facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Members and executive bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

DLR Senate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

DLR Senate Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Members of the Executive Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Space Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Scientific Technical Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Affiliates and joint ventures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Use of funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

List of abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

A look back at the astonishing and fasci-nating research results of institutionalizedaeronautics and space research over thispast century fills us with pride. During ananniversary celebration in February 2007numerous outstanding achievements werehonored in the presence of high-rankingguests from government, science andindustry. To successfully apply perform-ance and innovation in areas of develop-ment and advanced technology is a tra-dition DLR was able to continue last yearwith remarkable stories in four key areas:aeronautics, space, transport and energy.For example, the creation of the Centerfor Computer Applications in AeroSpaceScience and Engineering (C2A2S2E) inBraunschweig laid the foundation for thedevelopment of a globally recognizedand multi-disciplinary center of expertisefor numerical flight simulations. Further-more, we were able to begin research onthe state-of-the-art field of cabin climatecontrol and acoustics by adding a Do728 as a new test platform. The remar-kable research results in aircraft wakevortices have significantly contributed tosafety and improved capacity utilizationof large commercial airports. Climate andenvironment are always important issuesin these research areas; this is anotherreason why the “Climate ChangeReport” by the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change (IPCC) relies overw-helmingly on DLR research results whencovering the topic of air transport.

Currently, one of the most exciting solarsystem exploration projects is the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn. Every weekfor over three years the jointly developedUS/European spacecraft has been trans-mitting data of invaluable scientific benefitto Earth. With Mission Astrolab, GermanESA-astronaut Thomas Reiter successfullycompleted 33 European experiments on the International Space Station (ISS)and, if that were not enough, broke allEuropean records by spending a total of350 days in space. The most recent high-light in earth observation is the successfulstart of the German radar satelliteTerraSAR-X, that scored a record turn-

Preface

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Mobility, communication, safety, energy,and climate change – these are the chal-lenges facing our modern-day society. Asresearch center, space agency and thelargest project management agency inGermany, the German Aerospace Center(DLR) is working to become the drivingforce on these issues by applying mentalagility, flexibility and top performance.For a century now, scientists have beenresearching and developing innovativetechnologies in the area of aeronauticsand subsequently space that have donefar more than enrich our daily lives. They also enable us to meet the growingcompetition in Germany, Europe and the world and to take on leading roles in certain segments, thus allowing us tosecure Germany’s lead position in busi-ness and science.

As of March 1, 2007 I have had theopportunity to accompany and influenceour activities as Chairman of theExecutive Board. Since assuming mypost, my experiences have been extremelypositive, employee commitment has beenimpressive and partner relations in thebusiness, science and political arenasprovide an excellent foundation for thefurtherance of DLR.

around for its first data transmissions. Thismission is just one more instance of howGermany is leading the field in remoteradar exploration. The challenges faced inaeronautics and space research are alsoreflected in the research undertaken intransport and energy. The diverse utiliza-tion potentials of satellite technologies intransport are astonishing. Not only canwe now be navigated through traffic onthe roads, but we also stand to experi-ence future benefits from this technologyas rail and airplane passengers and evenas pedestrians. Energy research is alsomoving forward with significant innovati-ve achievements. Impressive evidence of the advances in the research area ofsmaller, efficient fuel cells can be seen in the ’’HyFish’’ flight prototype. ProjectHYDROSOL received the internationallyacclaimed Descartes prize for its develop-ment of a new solar, thermochemicalprocess for the production of hydrogen.The focus on hydrogen generation, inde-pendent of already existing carbon-fue-led energy carriers, demonstrates the sig-nificance of a fuel such as hydrogen andputs it on track as a fuel of the future.

Being a pushing force in science andapplication means more than doingexcellent research. DLR continues to de-velop its expertise with regard to economicprofitability, efficiency, personnel, andquality management. This annual reportis therefore divided into two parts. Underthe heading ’’Research Results’’, part onedescribes fascinating highlights in scientificdevelopments in aeronautics, space,transport and energy. These topics re-present an essential contribution to thefuture development of Germany as acommercial and scientific location of

choice. In part two, entitled ’’CorporateResults’’, we describe the developmentDLR as a whole is taking in terms of itsidentity as a research facility. A well-balanced third party funds business,modern personnel development, qualityassurance, and management of anextensive research infrastructure areimportant goals, equaled only by ourdetermination to establish and expandinternational cooperation.

DLR actively engages in visionary, cutting-edge research and it will continue to riseto the challenges of society in dynamicand resourceful ways, thanks to the com-mitment of its nearly 5,300 employees.To cooperate, organize, and think ininnovative and integrated ways requiresa consuming passion and a curiosity foruncharted territories. I hope that you toohave developed a curiosity for last year’sexciting events and will allow yourself tobecome swept away by our excitingresearch results.

Cologne, December 2007

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Preface

Prof. Dr. Johann-Dietrich WörnerChairman of the Executive Board

9

RESEARCH RESULTS

Aeronautics

As documented in the medium-termprograms of national and Europeanresearch agendas, the DLR researchprogram continues to concentrate onnational and European objectives.DLR successfully participated in thetwo bids for the national program(LuFo IV and LuFo IV-IP). The resultsof the first bidding process of the 7thFramework Program for transporta-tion research, including aeronauticsof the EU, have not been received atthis time. DLR, in collaboration withmany partners from industry and science, submitted multiple projectproposals.

Within this reporting period, DLR hasstarted 15 new in-house projects in itsaerospace program of fixed wing air-craft, helicopters, propulsion techno-logies, air transport management andenvironment, covering such diversetopics as a new generation CFK-fuse-lage, investigations into cabin com-fort and noise reduction, numericsimulation for future aircraft design,the configuration of UCAVs (Unmann-ed Combat Air Vehicles), includingaspects relating to the Total AirportManagement concept.

In addition, several new experimentalplatforms were purchased, for exam-ple, a cabin-mockup along guidelinesof the A380, a new coating systemfor thermal barrier coatings (MEGA,multi-source, magnetron sputteringsystems), as well as the Dornier Do728 test platform, which DLR will usein its current and future researchactivities.

These new projects and test facilitiessupport DLR in its endeavor tostrengthen the competitiveness ofthe national and European aeronau-tical and aviation industry to satisfypolitical and societal aspirations.

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Research Results > Aeronautics

“MEGA-Start’’ fornovel protectivecoatingsMulti-functional coating system inoperation

With the boost of an HGF-investment inthe amount of Euro 3.2 million, a newCoating Technology Center was built andstarted up at the Institute of MaterialsResearch during 2006-2007. At its coreis the new MEGA (multi-source magne-tron sputtering system) multi-functionalcoating system.

It will now be possible to produce totallynew protective coatings with improvedcharacteristics by depositing of particlesin the vapor phase; this process is particu-larly suited for aero engine applications.The system uniquely combines the ad-vantages of different coating technologiesin one system. For the first time aroundthe globe, magnetron sputtering, highfrequency sputtering and hollow cathodesputtering are presented as one process.

Using state of the art process monitoringequipment, materials scientists will beable to produce cost-effective protectivecoatings for high-temperature applicationswith properties that could not be achievedin the past. The present challenges in theaviation and aerospace industry as wellas in transportation and energy researchare lower fuel consumption, reduced pol-lutant emission, and extended componentlife. Here, new, complex high temperatureprotective and functional coatings offerexcellent opportunities to reach thesetargets.

Along with the new large-scale MEGAsystem, two new pilot-scale electron-beamevaporation systems are being operatedat the Institute which allow rapid imple-mentation of complex, leading-edge coat-ing systems for applications with turbinecomponents. For the thermal insulationcoating of turbine blades, new high-qua-lity coatings for high temperatures weredeveloped in collaboration with enginemanufacturers, process equipment manu-facturers and coating specialists, researchfacilities and universities.

The vital benefits of these newly develop-ed coatings will be, for instance:

- complex multi-functional multi-layer-thin films of the highest quality;

- gas-flow sputtering for coating compo-nents with complex geometry and highrate;

- high coating quality, reproducibility andprocess efficiency;

- variable loading: large components(prototypes with industry-related geo-metry), or multiple small specimens,including mini series;

- innovative micro-structures, new coatingproperties, variable coating composition,particularly metals, intermetallics, oxidesand nitrides; and

- potential areas of coating systems appli-cations: antioxidants, thermal insulation,sensor and catalyst beds, protectionagainst wear and erosion.

Installation of a turbine blade for coating inthe new multi-source magnetron sputteringsystem (MEGA)

Increased passengercomfortComfortable temperature and asilent cabin environment (CoSiCab)

Project CoSiCab (Comfortable and SilentCabin) was mainly used to develop meth-ods and technologies to improve the ther-mal and acoustic comfort of passengersinside aircraft cabins. In addition, newtechnologies were examined with respectto integration in aircraft systems. Here,the special focus was on applications forfuel cells.

The tests for thermal and acoustic pas-senger comfort were mainly conductedin an Airbus A380 cabin-mockup.Furthermore, thermal comfort experimentsin a sleeper cabin were investigated. Ve-locity fields were measured with particleimage velocimetry and temperature fieldswere recorded with temperature sensorsand thermo-cameras. By interviewingtest subjects, the measured results werecompared with the sense of comfort per-ceived by passengers. Numerical flowsimulations were used to compare thestatements of test subjects in relation tothe perceived comfort, in order to gain

detailed insight and forecast air-conditio-ning scenarios in sleeper cabins and inthe mock-up.

The A380 cabin mock-up was a keyfactor for attracting third party funding.The CoSiCab experiments showed thatthe experimental DLR methods can deliverdetailed results on air conditioning of anA380 cabin. Consequently, DLR receivedorders from Airbus. At the same time, itbecame clear that there was a need forfurther realistic experiments to be perfor-med in connection with comfort studies.Preparations were made for the Do 728to be used as a test setup. The inaugura-tion of the Do 728 took place on June15, 2007.

In the area of experimental processes, bothnew so-called particle image velocimetrymethods (PIV helium soap bubbles) as wellas new acoustical sensors (P-U probes)were developed. These processes are usedfor orders with external funding.

In this sector of numerical flow andacoustic simulation, new processes wereestablished. On one hand, DLR’s proprie-tary THETA flow model was adapted and further developed for numerical simu-lation of mixed convection flow in cabins.THETA’s performance was demonstratedin a project commissioned by Airbus. Inthe field of acoustic simulation, the PIANOvortex injection process for calculatingsound propagation in cabins was intro-duced.


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Aircraft engine of the futurePromising quieter engines with newfan technology concepts.

The Institute of Propulsion Technology is focused on developing new fan tech-nology concepts for aviation gas turbines.One of the most promising designs for a next generation aero-engine (e.g. theengine for the Airbus A320 successor) isa slow-rotating fan, which has a signifi-cantly increased induction current ratio.This slow-rotational fan is driven with areduction gear powered by a high-speed,low-pressure turbine.

The main objective is to reduce noisepropagation by approximately 6 dBduring take-off, through the followingmeasures:

- increasing the bypass ratio to 12, plus a significant increase in the axial flowdensity in the fan;

- reduction in maximum blade tip speed,in order to prevent “saw tooth noise”;and

- large spacing between the rotor andbypass-stator.

In addition to the improved acousticalcharacteristics, this increase in flow den-sity permits an increase in the bypassratio to achieve significantly higher pro-pulsive efficiency.

For future tong-term research projectsand to review the results of the design,the Institute of Propulsion Technology, in collaboration with the Institute ofStructures and Design (Department ofMechanical Rotor Design), has developeda generic experimental compressor from

the numerically designed fan stage; thisis presently being built. This compressorcan also serve as an ideal basis for testingthe effectiveness of passive and activenoise reduction methods.

The fan rotor was manufactured from atitanium blank, using the “Blisk“ design,and is in its final production stage at thistime. The picture shows the three-dimen-sional fan blades with S-shaped leadingedges. This milling technology was deve-loped at great expense and can be rapid-ly implemented into series production(Partners: MTU Munich and CPR Ampfing).


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DLR-high bypass fan with calculated Machnumber distribution on the blade surface

Fan rotor from titanium in “blisk“ design

Increased engineperformance withimproved environ-mental compatibilitySingle-stage turbine model producesresults

The development of modern “next gene-ration” engines has been driven by thedesire for substantial improvement whilereducing environmental pollution. In col-laboration with Rolls-Royce Deutschland(RRD), the aeronautics research program(LuFo) developed, designed and built asingle-stage model turbine. This develop-ment aims at saving one turbine stage infuture engines, in order to reduce manu-facturing and maintenance costs andachieve superior performance, particularlyin the thrust-to-weight ratio. Based onthese measurements, which were con-ducted with and without forced air tosimulate air cooling, the RRD designed aheavy-duty, single-stage model turbine,which was built and finished at DLR andthen tested in the wind tunnel for rota-ting grids in Göttingen. Engineers usedmeasurements from transient pressuresensors to better understand the impactof the radial clearance above the rotorand determine variable flow effects bothin the stator as well as in the rotor interms of chronological and spatialeffects. In addition to determining effi-ciency, depending on the rotor speedand stage pressure ratio, there is alsointerest in the effect that ejection air has,

for example on rotor disk, or as leakageair from the gap between the stator andthe rotor hub. As a result of these mea-surements, a critical review of the condi-tions contained in the design tools withrespect to the overall result can be made.

Shorter flight timesand lower environ-mental pollutionNew innovative air transport systemswith IFATS

Innovative Future Air Transport System(IFATS) is a European Commission fundedproject that pursues the basics of auto-mating air transportation systems to theextent that pilots and air traffic control-lers are no longer necessary. The initialidea of the project is purely technical.Key to the complete automatization ofthe air transport system is the agreementon a non-conflicting four-dimensionalflight trajectory between aircraft andground segments that determines theflight path in the three spatial coordinatesand time. Compliance with this processwould ensure smooth traffic flow. DLRhas developed an appropriate trafficsimulation which simulates a busy airtraffic day in Frankfurt. The simulationincluded all aircraft flying in and out ofFrankfurt during one day (approx. 1,000),which included both “normal” as well as“irregular” scenarios, e.g. thunderstormsor emergency situations. The Institute ofFlight Guidance in Braunschweig con-ducted air traffic simulations with actualair controllers and so-called “pseudo-pilots” in comparison with fully automatedIFATS. According to initial results, IFATSreduced the length of air routes andtherefore the flight time as well as environmental pollution. IFATS alsoimproves airport capacity, particularlyunder poor weather conditions.


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Assembly of the test section: hub contourin the back cascade (top) and control ofthe blade tip radius after the rotor hasbeen mounted (bottom)

Simulation usingthe WIONA windtunnel modelImproved knowledge of the structuraldynamics of wing/engine interference

Engines with a high bypass ratio can causemajor aerodynamic wing/engine interfe-rence effects on the wing in the form ofaerodynamic instabilities (buffeting) andthe resulting dynamic air loads. They alsofavor the tendency for aeroelastic instabi-lity (e.g. wing flutter). The DLR HighPerformance Flexible Aircraft (HighPerFlex)project, which ran from 2004 - 2006,developed measures to prevent instabilityby examining the physical process, modelsand numerical calculation of the engines.

In order to reach these goals, a genericconfiguration of WIng with OscillatingNAcelle (WIONA) was designed todemonstrate these effects. Using anappropriate model, transient aerodynamicforces and flow parameters were exam-ined in the Transsonic Wind TunnelGöttingen (TWG) in the presence of induced oscillation and during buffetingin transonic separated flow patterns, andcomparative numerical simulation wereperformed. The work was performed inclose cooperation between DLR andONERA. Based upon the experimentaland numerical results, localized flowseparation between wings, engine, andpylon and their dependency on geometricdetails was determined in the wind tunnel

as the cause. The numerical CFD TAUelsA codes for solving the mean ReynoldsNavier-Stokes (RANS) equations could bevalidated for transient transonic air flowseparation. Furthermore, a simple measureto prevent buffet oscillation could bedemonstrated.

The results obtained significantly improvedthe knowledge of dynamic wing/engineinterference and represent a valuablebasis for further validation of numericalprocesses.


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WIONA wind tunnel model in DNW-TWG

Successful spin testfor active twist rotorIndividual rotor blade control improved with actuatorics

The reduction of noise and vibrations is a highly topical objective in helicopterresearch. In order to achieve this goal,different technologies for realization ofindividual rotor blade control are beingconducted at present. The active twistrotor represents a promising approach.Forces are being introduced via piezo-ceramic actuators, which are integratedin the rotor blade skin, to permit torsionaldeformation of the rotor blade. This is aneffective method for suppressing aerody-namic effects such as the blade-vortexinteraction (BVI), which produce vibrationand noise.

An important obstacle for performingwind tunnel experiments with an activetwist rotor could now be successfully re-moved. The highest loads for rotor bladesare generated by centrifugal forces. Forcorrect mapping of the aerodynamic ef-fects in wind tunnel experiments, therotor blade model has to be operated atsignificantly higher rotational speeds thanwith an equivalent rotor blade at original

scale. In this instance, the rotor blade testwas performed at 1,043 rpm. The forcesacting on the blade root exceed 30,000N. The spin test demonstrated that theactive rotor reaches a 3° torsion twist atthese high centrifugal forces. This resultagrees with the torsion without loadmeasured in the lab test, thereby effec-tively demonstrating the load capacity of actuatorics.

In addition to preparing and performingwind tunnel experiments, further studiesfocus on the transfer of this technologyto a rotor at the scale of 1:1. This marksan essential contribution to expandingthe possibilities for safe, convenient andeco-friendly application of helicopters.

FHS inaugural flightwith active side-stick integrationFlying Helicopter Simulator (FHS)now also with active control

In order to reduce the strain on helicopterpilots during flying maneuvers and to im-prove the flying characteristics of modernhelicopters, innovative control conceptsfor helicopters are being researched.DLR’s focus in this area is on the designcertification of so-called active sidesticks.In February 2007, DLR conducted an in-augural flight of the FHS simulator withactive sidestick integration. This is amajor milestone in the expansion of thescope of applications of the FHS FlyingHelicopter Simulator at DLR. The develop-ment refers to supplementing the activecontrol by active control functionality.Active sidesticks permit the transfer ofadditional Haptics information to the pilot.The spectrum of this information coverslimiting of structural loads as well as fly-ing range, including tactile informationat the time of operation.


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Active rotor blade in the spin test stand

The integrated sidestick model is the“Goldstick” manufactured by StirlingDynamics; this is a simulator stick, whichhas been subjected to special testing, asproof of compliance with the conditionsrequired in terms of aeronautical engineer-ing certification. The process for integrationbegan in May 2005. The overall costswere split up under third party funding,with one-third being financed by theFederal Ministry for Defense Technologyand Procurement (BWB). DLR initiated alarge-scale capital investment campaign.The necessary work for integration wasperformed as a multi-disciplinary projectamong four departments at the Instituteof Flight Systems Engineering. This goalwas achieved only through highly coordi-nated collaboration with the DLR FlightSystems Engineering Division. Any ques-tions relating to optimal integration ofthe control system into the cockpit weresolved by two helicopter test pilots at thelocation, including any issues relating tothe configuration and the operationinterface. They also evaluated the newsystem in the systems simulator andwere present during the initial startupand the successful inaugural flight.

New helicopter concepts – tilt rotortechnologyIncreased speed and greater distance – a challenge for rotorcraft

The ability to hover is a key advantagehelicopters have over fixed wing aircraft.This advantage is associated with a rela-tively low cruising speed (<300 km/h)and low haulage capacity. Within thescope of two “Specific Targeted ResearchProjects (STREP)“, TILTAERO and ADYN,sponsored by the European Union, newtechnologies for increased speed andoperational range of rotorcraft were ex-plored. A tilt rotor half-hull model wasmeasured with respect to flow interferenceand noise propagation on two rotor bladesets in the LLF (Large Low-speed Facility)wind tunnel in the Netherlands. High-speed experiments with the blades wereconducted at ONERA.

DLR’s contribution focused on

- interference calculations (Euler- andNavier-Stokes-methods) between rotordownwash flow, nacelle and airfoils;

- design and testing of reduced-noise tiltrotor blades;

- control and data management of a wind tunnel model; and

- flutter examination on an airfoil/nacel-le/rotor configuration in the LLF.

After the above-mentioned projects arecompleted, the work under the 6thFramework Program will be continued as”Integrated Project (IP)” NICETRIP with a1:5 complete model.


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Two test pilots and the test flight engineerstanding in front of the FHS with the activesidestick

The TILTAERO half-hull model in the windtunnel

Flow line curve on the surface of the TILTAERO half-hull model

Ideal CabinEnvironment (ICE)Over 1,200 people participated inlong-distance flight passenger comfort studies

The EU Ideal Cabin Environment (ICE)project analyzes comfort on long-distanceflights, particularly with respect to cabinpressure and the interaction betweenpressure and other environmental condi-tions, both for normal healthy passengersas well as health-impaired passengers.

At the Flight Test Facility (FTF), differentlevels of pressure in an aircraft cabin weretested. This laboratory at the FraunhoferInstitute for Building Physics (IBP) has alow-pressure chamber, in which a 16 mcabin section of an A310-200 is suspend-ed. The interior almost resembles the ori-ginal condition. This offers “passengers“a realistic feeling, while the environmentalparameters such as air pressure, air- andexternal cabin wall tem perature, relativehumidity, noise level, vibration, light, aircirculation, etc., can be changed undercontrolled conditions. One thousand twohundred test subjects participated inthese physical, psychological and physi-ological experiments.

As one of the 5 testing groups, the DLR-scientists found that the expected effectwas confirmed, in that the oxygen circu-lation level in the blood drops under pre-sent standard interior cabin pressures.Next, evaluations must be performed toestablish whether there is a clear limit forcabin pressure at which the oxygen satu-ration level is significantly reduced. Thesefindings will then have to be provided toaircraft manufacturers and standardscommittees.

Completion of theWirbelschleppe II(wake vortex) More than 3% extra capacity gainedat large commercial airports

Thanks to completion of the project inearly 2007, the bottlenecks created bywake turbulence at large commercial airports can now be eliminated withouthaving to make cuts in safety procedures.To achieve these goals, work began forfaster disintegration of the wake vortex,set-up of a wake vortex prediction systemfor airports, development of equipmentfor the detection and quantification ofwake vortices from the ground and fromthe cockpit, as well as control mechanismsin the aircraft to avoid potential entry, i.e.flying into a wake vortex.

The following goals were achieved:

- meta stable multi-vortex pairs behindthe aircraft trigger faster wake vortexdisintegration. Such multi-vortex sys-tems can be generated through diffe-rential or oscillated flaps.

- the reaction of the aircraft (especiallyrolling) during the approach towardwake turbulence can be decreasedthrough automatic feed-forward of thecontrol surfaces on the aircraft.

- with a pulsed LIDAR, the movementand disintegration of wake turbulencecan be quantitatively described. Thewake vortices of very large (A380) andrelatively small aircraft (VFW614,ATTAS) were precisely characterized,both from the ground as well as fromon board of the Falcon research air-craft.


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Aircraft torso in the low-pressure chamber

project

- the “WSVBS,“ which is the DLR-systemfor wake vortex prediction and observa-tion, was established. It can predict thelocal weather conditions and the resul-ting vortex movement and disintegration.It then calculates safety margins aroundthe vortices, monitors the local weatherand the wake vortices, with the LIDARfunctioning as safety backup in the sys-tem resulting in proposed safe timeintervals between the aircraft on theglide path to air traffic control. WSVBSproved its functionality during a cam-paign from December 2006 to February2007. Its predictions were stable withoutbreakdowns. In 75% of all weather con-ditions in Frankfurt, it offers methodsfor increasing capacity, and the predic-tions were accurate and safe – therewere no warning alerts from LIDAR.

- air traffic control requirements for theWSVBS were satisfied. The expectedgain in capacity (taking into account all actual traffic situations at the airport)is in excess of 3%.

Low-noiseapproach and take-off proceduresFirst recorded in-flight medical datafrom pilots under real-time flyingconditions

Because of the additional aircraft- andairport-specific procedures, low-noiseapproach and takeoff procedures requireincreased alertness from pilots. Addingany unfavorable associated factors and/orthe lack of acceptance by pilots couldaffect air safety. Comparable approachprocedures were previously investigatedin an earlier, comprehensive study in col-laboration with Deutsche Lufthansa andthe Technical University Berlin in theirA320 and A330 simulators. During the“Implementation of a measuring cam-paign for the verification of predicted

noise reduction potential of low-noisetakeoff and landing procedures,” in-flightmedical data for two pilots were be col-lected under actual flying conditions forthe first time.

The recorded physiological values (E.C.G.blood pressure, stress hormones) did notshow any significant differences betweenthe individual landing procedures. Oneexception was a noise-reduced landingprocedure (SLDLP = optimized Low-Drag-Low-Power with a steep final approach),during which the heart rate, Cortisol con-centration, the psychogenic stress andthe work load were elevated. Any asser-tions based on scientific and statisticalfacts would require further investigationunder real conditions.


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Noise measurement during low-noise takeoff and landing procedures

IPAS EU projectReducing manufacturing and installa-tion costs through up-front antennapositioning

Antenna properties can change signifi-cantly once they are installed on aircraft.The EU project Installed Performance ofAntennas on AeroStructures (IPAS) devel-oped processes and computer models forthe exact simulation of installed antennasby taking into account the aircraft struc-ture and by validation through measure-ments on scaled and non-scaled models.

DLR’s contribution included studies of theproperties of intelligent, adaptive groupantennas for satellite-based communica-tion and navigation systems, such as GPSor GNSS (formerly Galileo). These digitalcontrol antenna arrays can distinctly suppress intentional and unintentionalinterference together with appropriate

algorithms through multipath propagation.A scaled navigation antenna with variablebeam was simulated on a Fokker 100model and measured on the DLR antennameasuring system.

The results obtained in the IPAS Projectwere implemented in the guidelines foroptimum positioning and for the interfe-rence-proof installation of antennas forthe design and certification phase. Thisallows aircraft manufacturers to place thetask of antenna positioning to the begin-ning of the design and modification pro-cess and significantly reduce manufactur-ing and installation costs. Because of theexcellent conformity of simulated andmeasured data, the Civil Aviation autho-rity in France (DGAC – Direction Généralede l’Aviation Civile) is reviewing whethersimulated data can be accepted exclusive-ly for certification in the future.

Approach management with4D-CARMAUp to 30% increased takeoff and landing capacity on runways

The takeoff and landing capacity of arunway system can be increased by up to 30% if the runway system is used as aso-called mixed-mode-operation, i.e.takeoff and landings are handled on thesame runway. Initially, this means increas-ed work for air traffic controllers and re-sults in a pattern change in the approachsector, away from distance-based stagge-ring to time-based aircraft management.


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An antenna array, installed on top of a scaledFokker 100 model with variable beam forsatellite navigation.

The results for radiation characteristics obtai-ned with different simulation methods werecompared with respective measurements(RHCP – right-circular polarization, LHCP –left-circular polarization, FMM – FastMultipole Method, PO – physical optics)

The 4D Cooperative Arrival Manager(4D-CARMA) system developed by theInstitute of Flight Guidance supports on-time landings by calculating the exactaircraft trajectories. Together with anothercoordination module, the Arrival DepartureCoordinator (ADCO), which was alsodeveloped by the Institute, departuremanagement requirements can be inte-grated with the arrival management inorder to achieve efficient mixed-mode-operation. With ADCO, the entire trafficsituation can be evaluated by means of afuzzy control system, to determineappropriate time intervals allocated fortakeoffs. The efficiency of a time-basedmanagement increases with the accuracywith which the aircraft actually adhere totheir scheduled landing times. This can besubstantially improved by smooth coope-ration between cockpit and air trafficcontrol in the trajectory planning process.

For this purpose, 4D-CARMA is coupledwith the on-board flight managementsystem (FMS). 4D-CARMA creates non-conflicting approach trajectories on theground to generate constraints used bythe FMS to calculate high-precision air-craft trajectories, which also take intoaccount the various stipulations of therespective airlines. The aircraft trajectoriesare communicated to ground control,where they are monitored and modifiedin case of problems or deviations. If nodata link is available, 4D-CARMA gener-ates guidance instructions instead ofconstraints for approach controllers, sothat time-based approach management is possible even in the event of reducedaccuracy.


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Hourly throughput of takeoffs and landings

4D-CARMA presentation to professionals atATC Maastricht 2007

The 4D-CARMA concept was presentedto professionals at the ATC Maastricht2007 exhibition and conference. At the7th Eurocontrol-FAA ATM Symposium(Barcelona 2007), simulation was used to demonstrate that this coordinationmethods increases the reliability of plan-ning and increases the capacity of thesystem for takeoffs and landings on run-ways (see picture), while at the sametime also improving cost-effectiveness byreducing taxi-out delays. 4D-CARMA hascreated worldwide interest and was alsointroduced in the United States throughthe efforts of Lockheed Martin.

Space Agency and Space R&DGermany’s national and internationalspace activities are combined underone roof at the German AerospaceCenter. While the DLR space institutesare responsible for research activities,the DLR Space Agency is responsiblefor the implementation of nationaland international space policy on be-half of the German Federal Govern-ment. DLR’s in-house research facili-ties make research contributions inareas of science, technology and ope-rations. The integrated German spaceprogram links German partners to pro-grams of the European Space Agency(ESA), EUMETSAT, the National SpaceProgram, DLR’s R&D “Space“ programand other space activities in scienceand industry.

Last, but not least, Europe under theGerman EU presidency has contribu-ted in reaching common space-relatedcooperation goals and principles inspace travel. The European spacepolicy adopted in May 2007 givesdetails of planned European activitiesover the coming years and creates anoptimal regulatory environment forEurope’s peaceful exploitation ofspace, for the benefit of Europe’s citizens.

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Europe concentratesits strength onaeronauticsResolution on the European spacepolicy

Jointly drafted by the EuropeanCommission and ESA’s Director General,the European Space Policy outlines thestrategic guidelines for Europe’s futureactivities in space. The European SpaceCouncil in a joint session with the Com-petitiveness Council of the EuropeanUnion adopted this on May 22, 2007.This step concentrates Europe’s energy inaeronautics and also takes into accountsecurity and foreign policy aspects. Inorder to optimize the available resources,the coordination between the space pro-grams of the EU member states and ESAwill be improved, utilizing the synergiesbetween civilian and security relatedspace programs. In its resolution, theEuropean Space Council points to ESA’slong-term experience and successfulindustry policy in the management ofspace projects. The EU was invited to pro-vide flexible, long-term funding tools forspace projects and align its industry policywith the specific demands of the heavilyinstitutionalized space sector. This particu-larly intends to secure financial fundingfor the development of “GlobalMonitoring for Environment and Security“(GMES). In terms of the adopted resol-ution, the DLR Space Agency intends toplay a crucial role in participating in theorganization and coordination ofEuropean space policy.

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Research Results > Space Agency and Space R&D

ESA CouncilMeeting in DresdenTransfer of chairmanship to Sweden

The ESA Council met June 13-14, 2007in Dresden. In keeping with traditions,the outgoing German Chairman, Prof. Sigmar Wittig, hosted the meetingin his native country Germany.

His two-year term as chairman of thehighest decision-making body of ESAended on June 30, 2007. His successor isPer Tegnér from Sweden, with supportfrom Prof. Johann-Dietrich Wörner ofGermany and Dr. Daniel Fürst ofSwitzerland. The ESA Council recom-mended that the official term of thechairpersons of the bodies of all ESACommittees as well as of Program BoardDirectors be extended to three years.

GMES – TheMunich RoadmapThe path to the European EarthObservation System

As part of the German EU Council Presi-dency, the conference for Global Monitor-ing for Environment and Security (GMES)was held on April 17, 2007 in Munich.Framework was the European initiativeunder the German EU Council Presidency.The conference “The Way to the EuropeanEarth Observation System“ was openedby the German Federal Minister of Trans-port, Wolfgang Tiefensee, together withEU Commission Vice-President, GünterVerheugen, Administrative Secretary ofState of the Federal Ministry of Economicsand Technology, Walther Otremba, andState Minister, Erwin Huber, of Bavaria.The conference was specifically directedat government departments, chairper-sons as well as government agencies and

organizations with responsibilities inenvironmental and security matters, usersand operators of relevant infrastructures,industry (infrastructure, service providersand users) as well as researchers fromscientific and business sectors.

The DLR Space Agency in collaborationwith the organizing sponsor, the FederalMinistry of Transport, Building and UrbanAffairs and the Federal Ministry of Eco-nomics and Technology, played a key rolein planning the content and presentationand the discussions concerning the con-ference findings. „The Munich Roadmap – The Way to the European EarthObservation System“ was presented of the conclusion of the conference. Thisdocument contains the cornerstones forthe system architecture, long-termmanagement and funding patterns ofGMES. It also sets additional milestonesfor the implementation of the initiative.

“The Munich Roadmap“ is therefore in-tended to serve as the basis for the futureresolutions in Europe. The successor pre-sidencies of Portugal, Slovenia and France,as well as the European Commission,have expressed their support for the“The Munich Roadmap“. With the reso-lution of the Council of Europe on May22, 2007 regarding the European spacepolicy, the “Munich Roadmap” has mean-while also been accepted by the EUSpace council.

Prof. Dr. Johann-Dietrich Wörner, Prof. Dr. Sigmar Wittig, Jean-Jacques Dordain, Per Tegnér and Dr. Daniel Fürst at the ESACouncil Meeting in Dresden

20523_FUB07_Innen_GB_RZ_18-01-08 18.01.2008 9:27 Uhr Seite 23

SANTANAEntertainment in passenger planesvia mobile satellite communication

Smart Antenna Terminal (SANTANA) in-volves the development of a flat, electro-nically controllable antenna with compu-ter-supported digital beam-shaping andbeam-shifting for broadband and mobilesatellite communication at a high datarate in the Ka-band. The functionality ofthe technology development was suc-cessfully demonstrated during field expe-riments between a research aircraft anda ground station. The SANTANA antennais particularly well suited for the applica-tion of mobile satellite communication.Of particular interest are applications inwhich mechanically actuated dish anten-nas are impractical. An “In-flight Enter-tainment“ system, for example, couldprovide Internet access and email ser-vices via an integrated antenna in thefuselage surface.

These flight experiments were successfullycompleted at the Braunschweig Airportin early 2007. In all tested scenarios, ex-cellent connection quality was produced.

TerraSAR-X in OrbitFirst contact only 15 minutes after liftoff

The TerraSAR-X earth observation satellite,a high-resolution radar satellite operatingin the X-Band (9.65 GHz), was success-fully launched at Baikonur/Kazakhstan onJune 15, 2007 at 04:14 MESZ (UTC/GMT+ 2 h).

The Russian/Ukrainian Dnepr-1 boost ro-cket entered its orbit with extremely highprecision of just 87 m or a 0.03 secondsdeviation. In the meantime, the satellitehas reached the required reference orbit.First transmissions could be received atthe ESA ground terminal in Malindi, Kenya,a mere 15 minutes after liftoff. All otheroperational services ran according to plan,so that the commissioning phase whichbegan on June 25, 2007, which willostensibly continue until the end of2007. After successful conclusion, thesatellite ’s functional operation will berecorded.

The satellite and the instrument are innominal operating condition, without anyconstraints. First images were generatedat the German Remote Sensing DataCenter (DFD) at the DLR location inOberpfaffenhofen in record time – justfive days after the launch. The excellentimage quality shows that both the satelli-te, as well as the processing-chain on theground, are functioning as expected. Inthe meantime, more than 1,600 “ImagingData Takes“ have already been processedsuccessfully. A stress test of the instru-ment with 320 seconds of “DataTakes”in each orbit over the course of 3 daysproduced no abnormalities.

TerraSAR-X is a joint Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) mission between DLRand Astrium GmbH. The DLR SpaceAgency is responsible for carrying outthis mission together with a team of fourDLR Institutes. This covers the entire rangeof required technologies from design tomission control all the way to processingand use of the data by science. AstriumGmbH developed, built and launched the satellite. All commercial marketingwill be exclusively through InfoterraGmbH (Friedrichshafen), a geographicalinformation service.

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First image of TerraSAR-X (over Russia)(© DLR/Astrium)

GATE inBerchtesgadenRealistic simulation for navigationsystems

GATE (formerly known as the Galileo Testand Development Environment) is intend-ed to cover the needs of research andindustry to enable early preliminary deve-lopment for new products and value-added services for the future Europeansatellite navigation system and far in ad-vance of actual satellite signal availability.Through DLR-Institute for Communicationand Navigation participation, GATE willbe used to build an “end-to-end“ testenvironment in the Berchtesgaden region,which will use six signal generators tosimulate the signals of satellites and beamthem into the region. The signal simula-tion will take scenarios of real navigationsystems into account, such as Dopplershift as well as ionospheric effects occur-ring relative to the observer, bringing si-mulation in the test area realistically closeto the future European satellite navigationsystem.

SEA GATE inRostockMaritime test and development envi-ronment for navigation application

The “SEA GATE“ project started in Octo-ber 2006 with the aim to develop a localtest environment for maritime navigationapplication in the research Port of Ros-tock. Similar to the GATE project for theBerchtesgaden region, signal generatorswith transmitter masts are to be erectedin the port area of Rostock as part of theSEA GATE project. This will provide simu-lated signals for future satellite navigati-on systems for a broad region. Based on

the European satellite system, the availa-bility of these simulated signals will offermanufacturers of navigation applicationsan advanced opportunity to develop andtest new products for this future system.

Optical communi-cation via LaserTerminalsTransmission of more than 200,000DIN A4 pages with text in onesecond

Broadband connections between satelliteswill be needed both for linking the geo-stationary satellites as well as for theconnection to platforms in lower orbits,in order to be able to serve the growingdemand for capacities for data transmis-sion in the areas of telecommunication,navigation, earth observation, weather andmanned space stations. Therefore DLRordered the development of two LaserCommunication Terminals (LCT) with adata transmission rate of 5.6 Gbit/s whichcorresponds to the transmission of thecontent of more than 200,000 DIN A4pages per second. These LCTs fly as ex-perimental payloads on the GermanTerraSAR-X radar satellite (see picture),and on the NFIRE test satellite, as part ofGerman-American collaboration. The twoLCTs were launched on April 24, 2007and on June 15, 2007 and were success-fully put into operation.

Starting in summer 2007, tests from the satellite to a ground receiving stationare to be carried out. Thereafter, the per-formance capability of the new lasertechnology is to be demonstrated withISL-connections between NFIRE andTerraSAR-X.


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TerraSAR-X with Laser Communication Terminal (LCT) (© Tesat-Spacecom GmbH & Co. KG)

3 kW, which amounts to a launch massof less than 3 tons, meeting the needs ofa broad spectrum of private services, e.g. broadband internet and standard TV broadcast services.

For this reason, a new program-line,ARTES-11, was created within ESA; of in addition to the development the geo-stationary satellite platform, it also con-tains the in-orbit qualification. The agree-ment between ESA and OHB as the maincontractors for building the satellite plat-form was signed in March 2007. Thestart has been earmarked for the begin-ning of 2011.

In addition to pure telecommunicationapplications, space agencies, researchinstitutes and industry are already discus-sing new application opportunities forthis geostationary platform, which alsoinclude scientific and earth observationassignments. The flexibility of the plat-form simplifies the introduction of inno-vative technologies in order to offerinnovatove solutions for the sophistica-ted challenges of space research.

eROSITAExploration of the dark energy in the universe

The Extended Roentgen Survey with anImaging Telescope Array (eROSITA), is anew project in “extraterrestrics.” The pri-mary objective is to explore the so-calleddark energy, the dominating and myste-rious part of the energy density of theuniverse and the underlying cause of theconstant rapidly increasing expansion ofthe cosmos. The existence of dark energyhas only become known in recent years.Exploring its origin become one of themost exciting research issues in astrono-my.


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Jules Verne readyfor KourouInaugural flight of the AutomatedTransfer Vehicle planned for 2008

In mid-July 2007 the ”Jules Verne“Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) will be on its sea journey to the EuropeanSpaceport Kourou in French Guiana.From this location, the inaugural flight of the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV)is scheduled for mid-January 2008 withat least four subsequent flights at regularintervals of approx. 15-18 months until2013.

The ATV will transport supplies to the ISSand represents a major European contri-bution. The launch will take place fromKourou on an Ariane 5 booster rocketwith a re-ignitable upper stage (EPS-V).After separation from the upper stage,the ATV will autonomously perform therequired rendezvous and docking ma-neuvers with the space station whilebeing monitored by the ATV ControlCenter in Toulouse, France.

SGEO SatelliteProgramGeostationary platform for telecom-munication applications

During the last few years, a niche marketfor small, geostationary telecommunicationsatellites has established itself. These“SGEOs“ have a payload mass of approx.300kg with a payload capacity of typically

Signing of the MoU by Prof. Nosenko (left)and Dr. Baumgarten, on March 23, 2007

Using eROSITA, approx.100,000 galaxyclusters are to be identified through theirhot gases which emit X-rays. By studyingtheir distribution, the extensive structureof the universe can be derived, which inturn will allow deductions with referenceto dark energy.

The development of the instrument isheaded by the Max-Planck-Institute forExtraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Garching,and will be made available to the Russia’sRoskosmos Space Agency for integrationinto the Spectrum-X-Gamma satellite.The launch is scheduled for 2011, andthe mission is expected to run for at least five years.

The official start of the project was inMarch 2007, by signing a Memorandumof Understanding (MoU) between DLRand Roskosmos, and the authorization of the grant to MPE.

SOFIAInfrared telescope for the observationof galaxies and interstellar matter

The Stratospheric Observatory for In-frared Astronomy (SOFIA) developed incooperation with NASA, has reached animportant milestone with its first inaugu-ral flight on April 26, 2007. The center-piece of the observatory is the GermanInfrared Telescope with its primary mirrorhaving a diameter of 2.7 meters (almost9 feet). The telescope was integrated byNASA into a Boeing 747 (jumbo jet).Through the specially designed hydrosta-tic suspension assembly, the telescopecan precisely observe sky objects irre-spective of the normal aircraft move-ments. In order to provide the necessaryunobstructed view, a large segment fromthe fuselage of the former cargo aircrafthad to be removed and replaced withstiffening and a sliding door. The aircrafttest program is presently running with aclosed door in order to prove safe aircraftoperation. In the next test phase with an

open door, the entire aircraft/telescopeunit will be tested and the transition tothe scientific operation will initiated.

The scientific operation of the flying ob-servatory is anticipated to last up to 20years. The operating altitude of 14,000meters will permit observation in theinfrared spectral range, due to the lowwater content of the upper stratosphere(similar to space). The observation ofgalaxies, star formation areas, interstellarmatter, planets and comets is consideredto be a particularly interesting field ofresearch.

Astronauts in balanceGerman-Canadian cooperation inresearch of motion coordination

The return of the shuttle mission STS-116shortly before Christmas 2006 did notonly bring back ESA-astronaut ThomasReiter, after having spent 6-months onthe ISS. In terms of German-Canadiancooperation, the STS-116 also maked thebeginning of the research experiments onmotion coordinates, particularly for theprocess of adapting to weightlessness inspace and after return to earth.

Using these results, scientists hope for new ways of evaluating stress at theworkplace and the human capacity ingeneral. The topic “motor learning“(kinetic) is currently also a field of highinterest in neuroscience research onearth, not least because of an agingpopulation.


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SOFIA aircraft in test flight (© NASA)

ESA Astronaut Thomas Reiter during theAstrolab mission with a 3D Eye TrackingDevice for research of the balance system

COLUMBUSMaterial-, bio and life sciences inspace

At the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), thelaunch preparations for the European ISS-Module COLUMBUS have begun. Finalfunctional tests were completed success-fully, including system tests of the exter-nal payloads. The launch of COLUMBUSwith the STS-122 (Atlantis) will occur inearly 2008. It is the docking station forthe COLUMBUS module. The Node 2connecting module launched into spacein October 2007 and was integrated inNovember 2007.

The COLUMBUS is a pressurized multi-purpose laboratory for multidisciplinaryresearch in material, bio and life sciencesand for technology development. Anotherobjective is industrial/commercial exploi-tation. The module is the main worksta-tion for the European astronauts andholds the European scientific payloads,i.e., the MicroGravity facilities. On theoutside of the pressurized laboratory,external platforms offer opportunities forexperiments to be carried out with fullexposure to space. With COLUMBUS,Europe gains experience in the uninter-rupted long-term use and operation ofan orbital infrastructure. The operation is managed by the COLUMBUS ControlCenter at DLR’s German Space OperationCenter (GSOC) in Oberpfaffenhofen nearMunich. Primary strategic partners inGermany are the following companiesand research facilities: Astrium GmbH,Kayser-Threde GmbH, MT-Aerospace,Arianespace, OHB Systemtechnik, JenaOptronik GmbH, and DLR.

Lunar ExplorationOrbiterNational Satellite Lunar Mission planned for 2012

The Space Agency of DLR is reviewing thepotential for a national satellite mission tothe moon, the Lunar Exploration Orbiter(LEO). The launch is scheduled for 2012.Subsequent operation is currently sche-duled for a four-year period.

The main focus of the mission is to gainscientific knowledge about the moon. Inselecting the scientific payloads of theorbiter, the focus will be to gain know-ledge of complementary scientific equip-ment on other missions in the past orany other international missions whichmay be in the planning stage. For thisreason, the German Space Agency hasentrusted the German space industry toconduct an initial four-months projectphase, the so-called Phase 0 study.

Phase 0 is intended to define and ana-lyze the mission-specific framework. This,among other things, calls for a missionconcept to be developed, estimates ofmass, electric power and data rates, aswell as determination of costs throughall project phases. At the same time, thespecific requirements of the individualinstruments of a model payload from themission must be considered.

An important goal of the LEO mission isto map the entire surface of the moonwith high spatial resolution and high-quality measuring results. In addition,LEO will continue to securie Germany’splace among leading space explorationnations and will demonstrate expertiseand technical know-how under the label“Made in Germany“.


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COLUMBUS Module (© ESA)

ROKVISS – supportfor astronautsRobots will assist astronauts withroutine jobs in space

Robotic Components Verification on ISS(ROKVISS) is a German technology pro-ject committed to preparing and testinginnovative robotics technologies to assistwith inspection and maintenance of space-craft. Such technologies will supportastronauts in performing complicated ex-ternal repairs and take over routine jobsin space. Satellites equipped with roboticarms, remotely controlled from Earth,will be able to restore any satellites thatare spinning out of control and repairthem. The objective of ROKVISS is toamass initial knowledge about long-termbehavior, applicability and reliability ofthe robotic components used. SinceJanuary 2005, a robotic arm, close to 50centimeters in size and 7 kilograms inweight has remained on the external skinof Zvezda, the Russian service module ofthe ISS. The essential part of the roboticarm is a metal pin and two robotic jointsof the most advanced lightweight con-struction in the world, which were deve-loped at the Institute of Robotics andMechatronics. The robotic flight unit isequipped with an earth observationcamera, two video cameras to transmit3D-images, and an experimental structu-re with integrated springs. Because ofthe great success of the mission, it hasbeen extended until spring of 2008.

ROKVISS owes its existence to the jointcollaboration between the RussianAviation and Space Agency, Roskosmos;RKK Energia and Partners, a Russiancommercial enterprise; and the Germanspace industry partners (Astrium SpaceTransportation, Kayser-Threde GmbH, vonHoerner & Sulger). The DLR Space AgencyDepartment of Technology of SpaceSystems and Robotics are the managingentities of the project.

Astrolab missionwith Thomas ReiterA new chapter in German medicalspace research

During the first extended presence of aEuropean on the ISS, the German ESA-astronaut Thomas Reiter worked fromJuly to December 2006 not only onmaintenance and operational jobs butalso conducted an extensive researchprogram. Eight of a total of 30 scientificexperiments were led by German re-search scientists. Five of these, a physicsproject for plasma crystal research andfour in bio-sciences and medicine, utili-zed space conditions for research issues.While Reiter successfully continued work on existing experimental projectsconcerning research of the human equili-brium system and measuring spaceradiation and their effect on chromoso-mes, the “Immuno“ project opened anew chapter in Germany’s medical spaceresearch. Although it is commonly knownamong experts that the immune systemof astronauts is affected by their long-term presence in space, the exact causesand mechanisms still remain unknownfor the most part.

Scientists at the Ludwig-Maximilian Uni-versity in Munich are currently exploringchanges in the immune system of Reiterand other astronauts and cosmonauts bymeans of extensive biochemical analysesand psychological tests.


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ROKVISS in Space (© Roskosmos/NASA)

ATV will correct the course of the stationunder its own power and thus compen-sate for normal losses of altitude due toflow resistance. The ATV will be the firstspace vehicle of European origin that willautomatically dock at an orbital spacestation.

Robonaut JUSTINSpectator magnet at the AUTOMATICA

JUSTIN, the two-arm robotic torso system,developed by the Institute of Robotics andMechatronics, became a crowd pleaserat the AUTOMATICA International TradeFair for Automation, Assembly and Robo-tics in Munich. With its total of 43 torque-controlled joints, new standards for hu-manoid inspired robotics were established.

The two arms with their four-finger handsas well as the upper body section withneck and head, react acutely to contactwith their surroundings, making direct,safe interaction between humans androbots possible.

In particular, the DLR institute in Ober-pfaffenhofen strove to demonstrate thetwo-handed manipulation of objects andpromote further robotic developments.These abilities are key to the “Robonaut“application in space, as a production assis-tant in industry, or also as a “helper“ forthe bedridden or disabled. This adds tothe reasons why JUSTIN can manipulatethree balls simultaneously. Using its multi-sensor head, equipped with stereovisioncameras, laser scanner and light sectionprojector, the Robonaut can recognizeand grasp even transparent glass vessels,open bottles, pour beverages and evenlift heavy water containers.


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Highlights from the Space R&D program

Supplies for the ISSATV engines ready for maiden flight

In early 2008, the Europeans will initiatethe transport of supplies to the ISS withthe Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). DLR facilities in Lampoldshausen werecritical to the mission, testing qualifyingthe ATV second upper stage engine inMarch 2007. With the second test run,the flight qualification for the Aestusupper stage engine of Ariane 5 for thefirst ATV mission was completed. Thishas qualified the first two ATV enginesfor the maiden flight.

The ATV is an unmanned, autonomousspacecraft which can transport a maxi-mum payload of up to 9.5 tons. This was developed and built on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA) by the EADS Astrium Space Transportation,a spacecraft-engineering firm. The parti-cipation of German companies in theATV design and production was about24% and 51% respectively. A total of 30 firms from 10 European countries tookpart in the production process. Eightfirms from Russia and the United Statesalso supply products and components.

With the aid of a two-stage Ariane 5 ESrocket, the ATV will lift-off into orbit fromthe European Spaceport Kourou in FrenchGuiana. After docking with the ISS, the

JUSTIN, agile and sensitive, is the Robo-darlingwith trade fair attendees

Navigation systemfor shippingIncreased safety in shipping trafficand docking operations.

Compared to the existing GlobalNavigation Satellite System (GNSS), theplanned European satellite navigationsystem will bring significantly higher pre-cision for navigation on water, land andin the air. In addition, the system willbenefit shipping traffic in the Rostockresearch port, particularly in the areas ofsafety and economic profitability. In orderto perform an exact situation analysis inthe port and its surroundings, DLR con-ducted an initial series of measurementsbetween January 30 to February 2007,as part of the ALEGRO project, financedby the Mecklenburg-Western PomeraniaMinistry of Economics. DLR is assisted bythe Hafen-Entwicklungsgesellschaft Ros-tock (Port Development Co.) and theInstitut für Ostseeforschung (Baltic SeaResearch Institute).

ALEGRO stands for “Development of alocal additional maritime system in sup-port of high precision applications andservices of the European satellite naviga-tion systems (formerly known as Galileo)at the Rostock research port“. The Ros-tock research port is the product of aninitiative by the Land of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The Institute ofCommunications and Navigation is apartner in the project; its field office inNeustrelitz develops processes and algorithmus for reliable precise navigationin critical safety areas. Objectives for theALEGRO project include the development

and proof of performance of differentialprocesses for the future European satellitenavigation system, particularly for use inmaritime operations (Safety of Life, Serviceand High Precision). In order to preventcollisions at sea and to automate thedocking operations of ships, there is aneed for high accuracy, high dependabilityand availability of position determination.These parameters are to be determinedand controlled by ALEGRO practicallywithout time lag and made available tousers for information.

As part of this project, an experimentalinfrastructure will be developed to includea reference station, a processing center,as well as a mobile user platform. Thedevelopment of algorithms and processesspecifically involves differential processessuch as DGPS (differential GPS) and theextraction reliability information from sa-tellite signals. The validation of the newand/or advanced algorithms and proces-ses is part of the experimental operatingphase.


Navigation system under test at the portin Rostock

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International centerof competence forclimate observationUsing GRIPS to detect tsunamis,earthquakes and explosions

The Boards of the German AerospaceCenter, the German Meteorological Centerin Karlsruhe, and the Research Center forHealth and Environment announced atthe Schneefernerhaus (UFS) Station thattheir facilities will collaborate as theVirtual Institute for the “SchneefernerhausEnvironmental Research Station“. Inclose agreement and with support of theFree State of Bavaria, the station will besystematically developed as a technologycenter within the globally linked network.

The focus will be on innovative techno-logies for observation of climate and theatmosphere, satellite validation, high-altitude medicine, and early detection ofnatural disasters. The UFS station has thestatus of a global station in the GlobalAtmosphere Watch Program of the WMO.In addition, it is part of the NDACC pro-gram and is linked with the ICSU globaldata center for remote sensing of theatmosphere (WDC-RSAT), at DLR.


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COROT discoversplanetSpace telescope in search of planetsbeyond our solar system

Shortly its launch on December 27,2006, the COROT satellite discovered itsfirst extrasolar planet, the COROT-Exo-1b.Conducting its mission from an earthorbit, COROT is searching for planetsoutside of our solar system. The COROT-Exo-1b, is a hot “gas giant,” similar toJupiter. Its orbital period is 1.5 days, witha radius of a roughly 1.5 to 1.8 times ofJupiter. Spectroscopic measurementswith terrestrial telescopes were able todetermine its mass to 1.3 be up to timesthat of Jupiter. It orbits a sun-like centralstar about 1500 light-years from earth.By measuring the total light emitted by astar in the targeted telescopic sight ofCOROT, the telescope system BerlinExoplanet Search Telescope (BEST), ope-rated by the Institute for Planet Researchin Southern France, contributed to thediscovery of COROT-Exo-1b. The sametime, any potential interference fromneighboring stars could be excluded.

From its earth orbit, COROT searches forplanets beyond our solar system

The specialized focus of the DeutschesFernerkundungsdatenzentrums (DFD)[German Center for Remote Data Sensing]is on monitoring the upper mesosphere(approx. 80-90km altitude) using theGRIPS 3 infrared spectrometer on theground. One objective of the measure-ments is the early recognition of climaticsignals such as for checking the KyotoProtocol effectiveness. But the examina-tion of scientifically-based questions,such as the analysis of small-scale flowsystems for the improvement of climaticmodels, e.g. to understand the interac-tion between the sun and the earth, isalso a part of these studies. This work isprimarily performed in collaboration withthe Institute for Physics at the AugsburgUniversity and the World MeteorologicalOrganization (WMO). Moreover, GRIPS 3is the global standard of the newly esta-blished Network for the Detection ofMesopause Change (NDMC) in which 52 institutions from 21 countries partici-pate. The DFD will manage the coordina-tion of the new NDMC network. In colla-boration with the Kayser-Threde GmbHCompany, GRIPS 3 is also to be develop-ed as an industrial system for the detec-tion of tsunamis, earthquakes and explo-sions, using infrasound analysis. The DFDmoreover coordinates the developmentof a national contact center for satellitevalidation in the UFS. Together withmedical professionals from the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, it willcoordinate the development of a satellite-based system to study health hazards forillnesses of the respiratory system in rela-tion to climatic change.

The DFD will also manage the creation ofa European Association of observatoriesfor climatic and atmospheric monitoringwithin the research program of the EU, incollaboration with partners from the UFS.

AeroSande – animpressive processfor foundriesAward by the State of Bavaria forjoint continued development ofAeroSande products

The Institute for Materials Physics in spacehas developed and patented a new pro-duct named ”AeroSande”, which is acombination of aerogels and classic foun-dry sands. In collaboration with MetallgussHerpers GmbH Aachen, the new coremolding material is used for aluminumcastings. The castings have an impressivehigh quality, encouraging further devel-opment of AeroSande products to thepoint where they can be marketed. OnMarch 14, 2007, Metallguss HerpersGmbH in collaboration with DLR, wasawarded the State of Bavaria Prize.

Expectations are high for the new product.Casting geometries with filigree structuresand undercuts, which could previouslynot be obtained with sand casting, cannow be produced with high quality, sincecores can be removed easily.

Through successful collaboration betweenindustry and research, the AeroSandeproducts are now ready market.


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Presenting the “Bavarian State Prize for special design and achievement in industry2007” to Metallguss Herpers GmbH in colla-boration with DLR. From left: Prof. Ratke(DLR), State Secretary for EconomicAffairsHans Spitzner and Dipl.-Ing. Nolte(Metallguss Herpers). (© Metallguss Herpers)

Transport

DLR’s transport business area con-tinued its positive developmentthrough 2006–2007. This was con-firmed by the successful completionof research studies, new researchcooperation with science, businessand government agencies as well asthird party funding projects attrac-ting public attention and leaving apublic impact. Appointments to pres-tigious national and internationalbodies and committees also reflectthe high degree of recognition ofDLR’s transport research. A proof ofthe growing importance of DLR’stransport research at the Europeanlevel can be found in its prominentrole in European Conference ofTransportation Research Institutes(ECTRI). In addition to its broad involvement in working groups, DLRhas taken on the position of GeneralSecretary of this group of leadingEuropean transport research facilitiessince the spring of 2007.

The decision by the Executive Board toexpand DLR’s commitment in the comingyears to the field of transport is eviden-ced by the growing demand from societyand industry and strongly reinforces DLR’scompetitive position. In this context, theprogram structure of the business areawas modified on the basis of a dialoguewith all participating institutes, resultingin an even closer alignment to customerrequirements and applications.

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At the same time, a more forceful andconsistent debate with regard to primeresearch themes, complex systems andinnovative concepts, as proposed in theinterim evaluation, has been moved tocenter stage. As a significant consequen-ce, the transport program is now focusedon the three research topics, “TerrestrialVehicles,” “Traffic Management” and“Transport System”. Based on its owntransport expertise, and taking advantageof the transport-related know-how fromthe fields aeronautics, space and energy,the DLR area transport provides its owninput toward analyzing the many diversetransport-related questions. This symbio-sis of disciplines, which is unique inGermany, ensures research resultsthrough the benefit of innovative hightechnology solutions.

SuperLightCarWeight reduction by more than 50%through use of magnesium

Within the scope of the EU SuperLightCarproject, different concepts regarding thefield of lightweight vehicles have beendeveloped. This involves a complete ve-hicle floor assembly group in Multi-Material-Design (MMD). Subsequent vali-dation and optimization was performedwith in-house calculations and simulationsunder different load conditions. Testsshowed that a Multi-Material-Designusing magnesium, aluminum and thermo-plastic organic sheeting met all relevantstress tests. This includes frontal, lateral,pole and rear crashes as well as staticload conditions. When compared withconventional structures, this concept produced a weight advantage of 44%. A concept involving a suspension strutmount in magnesium has been underdevelopment since early 2007. One

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Research Results > Transport

of several parallel tracks of a line a track-selective position can still be identified.

Field tests will be performed with the de-veloped localization platform until the endof 2008. For this purpose, the DemoOrtplatform will be installed into two respec-tive rail vehicles, one in the vicinity ofKarlsruhe and the other at the High Tatrasin Slovakia, where they will operate for a period of 12 months as part of regularrailway operations. The logged test datawill be analyzed by an accompanyingdetailed evaluation in Braunschweig.

ModelicaOver 1,000 users in Europe and Japan

Modelica is a software language developedunder substantial collaboration. Its focusis on multi-disciplinary system modeling,as required for computer-aided conceptsof entire vehicles. Beside the languagedevelopment, DLR played a leading rolein initiating the concept and developmentof the Modelica standard library. Thecommercial PowerTrain Modelica pro-

gram has been successfully marketed since2004; further commercial programs arecurrently under development. In themeantime, Modelica has experiencedbroad acceptance not only within DLR butalso on a national and international scalewith already more than 1,000 users inEurope and Japan. Dassault Systems,next to SAP, the biggest software companyin Europe and global market leader forCAD as well as Product Lifecycle Man-agement, announced in June 2006 that itwould use Modelica as a central modelingcomponent in the new CATIA Systemsproduct line. Over 80,000 users worldwideemploy this software, the entire aircraftand most of the vehicle manufacturingindustry along with their suppliers.Dassault Systems decision presents animportant success for the Modelica soft-ware, which was developed with financialresources from the transport programand opens the door for substantial newmarket shares. Moreover, this will allowthe enlargement of Modelica’s technolo-gical lead as its integration into CATIAand PLM databases will enable the directfirst-time use of product databases andCAD data in system simulations. DassaultSystems aims to push Modelica technologyinto becoming the leading global openstandard for system modeling and simu-lation.

concept has been able to achieve aweight reduction of 56% by means ofintegrated functions and material substi-tution. The design of the “suspensionstrut mount in magnesium” involvesdetailed integration of the associatedaluminum casting (chassis leg area) intothe proposed “front end” demonstrator.

Rail vehicle localization system “DemoOrt” improves cost efficiencyand line capacity in rail transport

Currently the position of trains in railtransport is supervised by localization sys-tems which are installed fixedly at thetracks. DLR is currently working in a jointproject called “DemoOrt” together withthe Technical University of Braunschweig,the University of Karlsruhe as well asBombardier Transportation, which is fun-ded by the Federal Ministry of Economicsand Technology. DemoOrt demonstratesa localization system, which will be inte-grated in the rail vehicles. Such a local-ization principle improves cost efficiencythrough higher line capacity, optimizedenergy consumption and a reduction inmaintenance.

In order to ensure a high safety levelDemoOrt is operating with two differentindependently working localization com-ponents. A satellite receiver determinesthe absolute position at the beginningwith GPS, and in the future with theEuropean GNSS (formerly Galileo). Inaddition, an eddy current sensor generatesa magnetic field, which reacts to metallicstructures. This for example allows railswitch recognition. With the aid of a pre-viously captured signature of all switchesin a line, the current position of a traincan thus be determined. Furthermore,the data obtained will be compared witha digital route map. Finally, the determinedposition must be precise that even in case

Rail switch recognition for localization usingan eddy current sensor under a train

Driver assistanceNew software makes the road saferfor drivers

In order to assist drivers, behavior studiesare simulated as well as carried out in realtraffic situations. The goal is to generatemodels that can describe and predict driverstress, driver error and driver behavior.This is followed by the development,application and evaluation of targetedassistance functions. The research alsolooks of how drivers perform with auto-mated systems in order to avoid anypotential negative impacts.

With respect to driver modeling, a stressmodel was developed for the objectiveestimation of driver stress with regard to their surroundings (e.g. type of road),actual driving maneuvers (e.g. passing)and nearby traffic conditions (e.g. trafficdensity). It was also demonstrated thatthe understanding of gaze recognitioncould be used as a factor for determiningintended driving maneuvers. A projectsponsored by the Federal Highway Re-search Institute (BASt) and the federalstate of Lower Saxony analyzed roughly4,500 accidents to determine the causeof human error. A particular emphasis ofthe study were accidents involving olderdrivers. The goal was to highlight on onehand characteristic age-related accidentsituations, and on the other hand typicalerrors committed on the road by thatage group.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness ofdriver assistance systems and developmodels for their impact, basic functionsfor longitudinal and lateral assistancewere set up in the DLR dynamic driving

simulator and as a warning system in theDLR ViewCar. Four studies, also sponso-red by the federal state of Lower Saxony,showed that in order to achieve wideacceptance of assistance systems, functi-on and design (e.g. to inform, warn andintervene) to the complexity of the situa-tion and the associated action requiredby the driver is important.

Use of alternativeenergy in carsConverting of waste energy into electrical energy holds great promise

Approximately two thirds of the energyused in road vehicles are emitted into theenvironment as waste heat. The energyefficiency of road vehicles can be signifi-cantly increased by converting previouslyunused energy flows into useful energy.Within the scope of the DLR project“Vehicle Energy Systems,” appropriatetechnologies are examined and furtherdeveloped. Within the framework ofconceptual studies, thermoelectric energyconversion of waste heat into electricalenergy was identified as showing greatpromise. Inherent technical hurdles remainin thermoelectric materials, the installationof the thermoelectric generator in theexhaust system, as well as the integrationinto the electrical systems of the vehicle.Another challenge is the integration intoa vehicle system with a highly dynamicload profile.

By the time of the inception of the studiesa long-term and comprehensive coopera-tion could be established with a prominentindustry partner (OEM). Based upon con-ceptual work and calculation programs forthe design of thermoelectric generators,a system-specific solution for the exhaustsystem was conceived. The first functionalmodel was already able to achieve anelectrical output of about 100 watt, nea-


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Study of novel driver assistance systems inthe DLR Dynamic Driving Simulator and theDLR ViewCar

ring the total specified output capacity ofthe thermoelectric module. These resultspoint to a CO2 reduction potential ofapproximately 5 g CO2/km for a mediumclass vehicle with an additional multifoldincrease potential after foreseeable pro-gress in the materials technology.

Energy Consump-tion and Emissionsin the TransportSector Stagnant energy consumption despiteincreased traffic volumes

On behalf of the Deutsches Verkehrs-forum, DLR worked out a study entitled“Energy Consumption and Emissions inthe Transport Sector”. The Institute forEnergy and Environmental Research (ifeu,Heidelberg) was a substantial partnerand contributor of the emission data andits interpretation. The study revealed sig-nificant facts with respect to the generaldevelopment in transport. Basis for thestudy was a pragmatic but differentiatedanalysis of passenger and freight trans-port for the period of 1991 to 2004. Itwas demonstrated for example, thatdespite an increase in traffic volumes,there was stagnation in energy consump-tion with constant CO2 emissions as wellas a drastic reduction in HC, CO and SO2emissions. A substantially lower reductionwas particularly found for nitrogen oxides,dust and soot particles due to the effectsof freight transport.

Anticipated trends predict moderate gainsin volumes of terrestrial traffic and a sig-nificant growth in aviation. Expectationsconcerning motorized individual transportpredict continued absorption of the largest transport percentage. The growthrate in freight transport will significantly

outweigh passenger transport, pointingto a distinct shift of freight to rail andwater transport provided massive gov-ernment intervention takes place. All inall it is assumed that increasing emissionscould be countered by corporate inno-vations which will open significant tech-nological potentials. These will howeverbe reflected in partially higher procure-ment and operating costs. The researchstudy was introduced in March 2007 toan broad audience.

Low Cost MonitorConsideration of “Low Cost Carriers”indispensable for forecast of airtransport development

In recent years, so-called Low Cost Carriershave taken hold in the German aviationmarket. They create demand with favorable price structures thereby gainingmarket share from established carriers.As a consequence they cause an increasein air traffic volume. Since Low CostCarriers within the entire German airtransport market are experiencing massivesignificance and are exhibiting a numberof distinct characteristics, DLR monitorsand analyzes this specific market seg-ment in great detail. The current findingsare published in the Low Cost Monitor incooperation with the ArbeitsgemeinschaftDeutscher Verkehrsflughäfen (ADV). Themarket dynamics become apparent inthe rapid growth of routes being flown.

This is reflected by the fact that in 2006Low Cost Carriers provided service on426 routes up from 128 routes in 2003.With 18.6 million passengers in the first6 months of 2006, the share of low costpassengers of the total passenger volumeat German commercial airports servinginternational routes represented roughly25%. Focusing on just the German do-mestic market for the same time period,the Low Cost Carriers already held ashare in excess of 40% of the total pas-senger volume.

However, DLR analyses are not confinedto routes and passenger volume statistics.In addition to the number of Low CostCarriers on the German market, theirinternal competition and their preferredairports, other primary research par-ameters of importance include pricestructures and their trends. This still ratheryoung but certainly dynamic Low CostCarrier phenomenon requires compre-hensive understanding, which is absolutelyessential for predicting developments inair transport and for structural analysesin the aviation sector.


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Energy

Energy conversion and energy utili-zation play a key role in all technicalsystems. This particularly applies tothe DLR subjects in which efficienthandling of energy is an importantaspect. Energy optimization is vitalto power stations, aircraft and vehi-cles. Efficient power supply in spaceduring space travel and the optimizedenergy conversion in engines is alsovery important. The business segmentEnergy focuses its primary activitieson stationary applications for thesupply of power and heat at a rel-evant scale for the energy economy.Thus, Energy research lends itself tothe extensive use of multiple syner-gies with the other DLR business segments.

The development of stationary gas andsteam turbines takes up a central positi-on at DLR. With emphasis in the areas ofcompressor, combustion chamber andturbine, and its system competence, DLRcontributes to generating power at hig-hest efficiency, irrespective of the fuels tobe used in the future. Fuel cell systemswill be well established in energy supply.A particular promise holds the couplinggas turbines with high temperature fuelcells for operation in a hybrid power sta-tion. A 10% efficiency increase in thepower generation is expected comparedto running the components separately.Methods for concentrating solar techno-logy offer the option to provide cost-effective power generated in an environ-mentally compatible manner and down

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the line may even make hydrogen availa-ble. The multidisciplinary systems analysesserve to advise policy makers and supportthe programmatic orientation of energyresearch at DLR and the HelmholtzAssociation.

High-efficiencysteam turbinesUsing TRACE to track instationaryphenomena in steam turbines

A research project for the study of insta-tionary phenomena in high and mediumpressure steam turbines started in colla-boration with Siemens Power Generation,using the DLR TRACE simulation code.The anticipated new findings for thedesign of modern steam turbines areexpected to increase the efficiency of theentire power station. Within the 3-yearinvestigation period the configurationsprovided by Siemens (two stages eachfrom the high and medium pressuresteam turbine) will initially be examinedin their original configuration and later ina shorter axial design.

Evaluation of simulation results achievedso far showed excellent conformity withthe specifications of the extensively deve-loped design method by Siemens PowerGeneration, so that based upon theseinstationary data records of the originalconfiguration, they could be compared

Grid for both first stages of the high pressuresteam turbine with four cavities

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Research Results > Energy

with those of the shorter axial design.This comparison clearly shows that byreducing the axial distance in the centerof the machine, the entropy developmentat the discharge area of the first uppercavity increases and drops at the dischargeof the second lower cavity. Using theresults of the instationary CFD simulation,designers are now in a position to examinethe production and development of lossesin greater detail and provide counteractivemeasures by changing the geometry.

Mobile power supplyA step towards marketability for aportable fuel cell system

Portable fuel cells at DLR have managedto take a leap toward marketing readiness.To date, cable-free applications for indoorand outdoor use relied on battery capacityand the time needed for charging. Forthe compact fuel cell unit created bymeans of DLR research and DMT GmbHdevelopment, demolishes these limitations.By using a hydrogen fuel cell it is nowpossible to provide permanent electricalenergy in the area of portable equipment.One main focus in this new developmentwas a substantially simplified hardwareconcept and maximized compact systemarchitecture. This could be achieved bythe collaboration of DLR, using its long-term experience in the area of low-powerfuel cells, and DMT GmbH, using its manyyears of experience in the area of proto-typing. The functional Tricon Design AGhousing has a 12V power outlet for manyvarying application uses. The compactair-cooled system (400x180x400 mm)with minimal auxiliary power has an inte-grated quick-connect hydrogen cartridgewith snap closing and offers a nominalpower of 300 watt with a weight ofapproximately 12 kg, including a storagetank.

SOLEMIInformation about radiation for solarpower stations from satellite data

The available solar resources are a decisivefactor in determining the economy ofsolar power station projects and repre-sent an essential information for projectplanning. Good data to date have beenscarce. In this context, DLR developedthe SOLEMI (Solar Energy Mining) projectso that this information can be madeavailable through remote sensing datafrom satellites. In a multi-program coop-eration (between Energy and Space,three DLR institutes) data collected overa period of up to 15 years from geosta-tionary Meteosat satellites were integratedinto the Data Information ManagementSystem (DIMS) of the Deutsche Ferner-kundungsdatenzentrum [German Centerfor Remote Data Exploration]. Usingthese raw data , extended time series ofdirect solar radiation can be calculatedfor Europe, Africa and large parts ofAsia. Several partners from industry havealready used this service provided by DLRfor their locations in Spain and on theArabian Peninsula.

Compact Hydrogen fuel cell system Power Pack

Example of the total annual direct solar insulation (2004)

chemical reactions, which proceed attemperatures below 1400° C and aretherefore controllable in terms of availabletechnical materials.

During these reactions, all chemicals used,except for the water and/or the hydro-gen and oxygen gas produced, can berecycled for repeated processing. Resultsfrom the HYDROSOL research projectcould provide the basis for a future sus-tainable hydrogen industry. It seems fea-sible to generate hydrogen on a largescale as an energy source in the futurewithout carbon dioxide emissions whichare harmful to the climate. For this pur-pose, the follow-up project HYDROSOL 2,a joint partner effort is continued withthe public entity Spanish National Re-search Center for Energy, CIEMAT. Projectmanagement is undertaken by theCERTH/CPERI Research Center in Thessa-loniki, Greece. The goal of HYDROSOL 2is to build a pilot plant of roughly 20times the size of the existing DLR solarfurnace. With an output of twice 100kWth, test-runs for the pilot plant will beconducted at the Plataforma Solar deAlmería.

Micro gas turbineNew laboratory for gas turbine combustion systems

Operation of the new micro gas turbinelaboratory began at the Stuttgart site in2006. The installed Turbec T100 microgas turbine will be used for the advance-ment of gas turbine combustion systems.Research will focus on minimization ofcontaminants as well as analyzing thereliability of technical combustion systems.Further research emphasis will be on fuelflexibility with regard to liquid fuels, as


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HYDROSOL reactor pilot plant operation inthe solar furnace in Cologne

HYDROSOL isawarded theDescartes PrizeEuropean Commission science awardfor groundbreaking hydrogen project

As part of the HYDROSOL project, DLRscientists for the first time were success-ful in splitting water thermally into hy-drogen and oxygen by means of solarenergy, and hence without carbon dioxideemission. For this groundbreaking work,the team was awarded the prestigiousDescartes Prize for research by the Euro-pean Commission in Brussels on March7, 2007. The Descartes Prize is alreadythe third and to date the most renownedaward for the HYDROSOL project, follo-wing the Technical Achievement Award2006 by the International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy IPHE and the Global Eco-TeCh Award at the EXPO2005 in Japan.

In a solar furnace of DLR in Cologne-Porz(a pilot plant, using concentrated solarlight for research activities), water wassplit into hydrogen and oxygen in a closedthermochemical cycle using solar energy.Other than with direct thermal watersplitting, which only occurs at severalthousand degrees centigrade, this novelprocess uses a combination of different


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OH-radicals distribution in a turbulent flame

Cross-sectional view of the micro gas turbine

for example kerosene, and gaseous fuels,e.g. natural gas or synthetic gas fromcoal, biomass or technical processes. Theexperimental data collected under realtechnical conditions are used to generatevalidation data for the numeric simulation.The micro gas turbine is also a centralpilot plant for research and implementa-tion of a hybrid power station comprisinga high-temperature fuel cell and a gasturbine.

The detailed instrumentation of the microgas turbine was completed on scheduleby mid-2007, and the infrastructure ofthe micro gas turbine laboratory was ex-panded. This amongst other things inclu-ded acquisition of measurement data,the process control system for monitoringthe micro gas turbine, the synthetic gassupply and the installation and startup ofthe gas analysis. Initial project work andmeasurements on the micro gas turbineexperimental platform has started suc-cessfully. The next step will be the com-missioning of the optical combustionchamber in early 2008 to enable theexamination of combustion processesusing laser-based measuring methods.

Fuel-flexible gasturbinesReliable and clean combustion withdifferent fuels

Reliability, flexible use of different fuelsand low pollutant emissions are the mainrequirements for future gas turbine com-bustion chambers. The effects of changein fuel composition with regard to stabilityand pollutant emission in modern gasturbine combustors were closely examinedfor the first time under real conditions atDLR in collaboration with partners fromindustry. A visually accessible high-pressuretest rig enabled scientists to use modernoptical and laser measuring methods.These experiments were a central con-tribution for the development of a newgeneration of fuel-flexible gas turbines.

Project Management Agencies

AeronauticsResearch andTechnologyUpswing in aeronautics research

Aeronautics research project manage-ment (PT-LF) assists the Federal Ministryof Economics and Technology (BMWi) inimplementing the aeronautics researchprogram (“LuFo”) of the Federal Gover-nment and the Federal States Bavaria,Hamburg, Brandenburg and Rhineland-Pfalz, which supplement the Federal program with their own promotionalprograms or projects.

The Federal Government has intensifiedits engagement for civil aviation researchas part of the ”High-Tech-Strategy Ger-many” resolution which was adopted in2006 and will provide significantly in-creased budgetary resources for the2007 to 2012 period. In this context, inaddition to looking after the roughly 200current promotional projects of PT-LFduring the reporting period, priority wasgiven to the preparation and start of thefirst LuFo IV program phase for the 2007to 2010 period, for which funds of Euro160 million were allocated. Appropriationnotices for all 139 selected promotionalprojects were completed by the end of2006, so that the projects could be start-ed at the beginning of 2007. Because ofadditional budgetary funds in the amountof Euro 40 million for 2007/2008 at thebeginning of 2007, another programpackage under the topic of “Transdisci-plinary Hull” was issued for RFPs and setinto motion with 16 further projects.

A second LuFo IV project phase withapproximately Euro 250 million and atimeframe until 2012 is in the planningstages to be prepared by PT-LF duringthe remaining year. In order to handlethe now more than 500 projects withinthe scope of the aeronautics researchprogram, the current project management

agreement with BMWi, which is effectiveuntil 2010, must then be amended/ex-panded accordingly.

In addition, PT-LF will undertake multiplespecial projects for BMWi as follows: PT-LF will support and assist BMWi in aconsulting capacity for the EU aeronau-tics research program, by preparing andparticipating in EU committee meetingsand panels as well as preparing and distributing information. Furthermore, PT-LF on behalf of BMWi will act as the“Information and Consulting Agency foraeronautics research of the EU,” and isaccredited by the EU Commission as the“National Contact Center (NKS) for Aero-nautics” and in this capacity acts as con-sultant to parties making applications inthe aeronautics field.

In terms of the 6th Framework Program2002-2006, the German participation inRFPs for Aeronautics could be increasedto more than 23% of the grants, and in the last RFP even to more than 27%.Based upon the updated Strategic Re-search Agenda 2 (SRA 2) of ACARE (Ad-visory Council for Aeronautics Researchin Europe), the work program for thefirst RFP for Aeronautics within the 7thResearch Framework Program of the EUwas compiled with the support of PT-LF.

The EU project ERA-Net “AirTN-Air Trans-port Net” with 26 partners from 17 coun-tries in Europe was launched successfullywith PT-LF as coordinator. The entry ofadditional partners is being prepared andthe request by the EU Commission to assistin Advisory Council for AeronauticsResearch in Europe (ACARE) has beenarranged.

PT-LF will also coordinate all subsequentactivities in the future. PT-LF has beenappointed the speaker for the BMWi inthe Executive Committee of the oldestresearch network of the leading Euro-pean aeronautics nations, Group ofAeronautic Research Europe (GARTEUR),and is a member of the Council. Thechairmanship of Germany for 2008 and2009 as part of the rotation cycle requires

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Technology (BMWi), the Federal Ministryof Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Womenand Youth (BMFSFJ) and the FederalMinistry of Health (BMG). To this, smallerprojects by the Länder Ministries and pri-vate clients will be added.

At the end of 2006, PT-DLR had a totalof 542 employees. The total sum of thefunds for research promotion supervisedby it, increased by 6.1%, compared tothe preceding year, and reached a totalof roughly Euro 590 million (see Table 1).In 2006, a total of 4,164 projects weresupervised.

The content of the spectrum representedby PT-DLR is exceptionally broad andcomprises most of the relevant fields inscience and technology today. The spect-rum covers research and health, environ-ment and sustainability, informationtechnology, new media in business andeducation as well as research issues rela-ted to the work environment and serviceindustries, educational research as wellas the area of human disciplines andsocial science and equal opportunity/gen-der research. The project managementextends to activities on both national as

43

the establishment and management of aGARTEUR Secretariat by PT-LF and allmanagement tasks connected therewith.

The Federal States of Brandenburg andHamburg have particularly intensifiedtheir engagement and funding for newprojects in the regional Aeronautics re-search activities to be supported by PT-LF.This will increase the number of the pro-jects of the Federal States to more than 60.

During the reporting period, the fact thatonly 15 persons were available for com-piling and working with the projects pre-sented a particular challenge, notwith-standing the fact that subsidies increasedby 50% and the number of projects al-most doubled. In spite of the additionalgrowth in subsidies and an anticipatednumber of more than 600 projects bythe Federal Government and the FederalStates to be processed, the size of theproject team will be restricted to 20 per-sons maximum, due to cost reasons.

As project manager of the BMWi, and asproject manager for aeronautics research,PT-LF has assumed a central role as ser-vice provider and source of knowledge inaeronautics research at the EU, nationaland regional level, and is therefore in aposition to provide effective support toBMWi in its endeavor for coordinatedand efficient advance of aeronautics re-search in Germany and prevent duplication.This special role is absolutely uniquewhen compared with similar institutionsof the European partner states.

DLR Project Mana-gement AgencyThe Project Management Agency in DLR (PT-DLR) will provide organizationalscientific and related administrativemanagement tasks within the frameworkof the respective promotional programson behalf of the Federal Ministry ofEducation and Research (BMBF), theFederal Ministry of Economics and

Research Results > Project Management Agencies

Allocation of budget funds in 1,000 Euro 2005 2006

Information technology 178,864 187,391

Health research/Human genome research 166,423 176,433

Environmental research and technology 59,899 74,668

New media in the economy 35,324 36,904

New media in education and technical information* 29,838 30,312

Work structuring and services 25,770 26,400

Education research** 33,417 26,112

International office 12,134 14,354

Equal opportunity/Gender research*** 6,241 5,886

Helmholtz Association Strategy Fund 4,828 4,285

Büro Einsteinjahr 2005 (Einstein Year Office 2005) 3,137 5,815

Humanities 2,743 3,596

Competence agencies**** – 360

European programs 58 –

Total: 558,676 592,516

Co-financing by the European Social Fund (ESF) in the amount of:* Euro 12.6 million ** Euro 3.9 million *** Euro 1.6 million **** Euro 0.4 million

well as international levels, with long-term experience in the areas of promo-ting research and education; it maintainsgood contacts with research manage-ment and facilities, expert committeesand proven experts in the national andinternational world of research.

The PT-DLR demonstrates its flexibility intaking on and meeting the ever-changingrequirements by clients. During 2006, PT-DLR among other things accepted thepromotion in the area of “Social EcologyResearch” of BMBF and was retained by the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs,Senior Citizens, Women and Youth(BMFSFJ) to provide support for the“Agencies for professional and socialintegration of disadvantaged youth.“ It also provided support for the BMBFduring the first half of 2007 in its activi-ties connected with the presidency of the EU Council.

Detailed descriptions of all activities andprograms can be found in the PT-DLRbusiness for 2006 (www.pt-dlr.de/pt/service/publikationen).

45

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

46

The research enterpriseDLR’s strategy is updated in three-yearintervals. The strategy DLR-ResearchEnterprise – Goals and Strategies 2006–2009 was adopted in the spring of2006.

The basic system is comprised of five elements:

- Overall Concept: Vision, Mission,Approach;

- Technical Goals of the BusinessSegments;

- Overall Corporate Core Goals;

- Supporting Goals;

- Strategic Controlling: PerformanceMeasurement System, StrategicMeasurements, Target Agreements.

DLR’s long-term vision is to be the leadingand trend-setting research facility in Europe

in its business segments, aeronautics,space, transport and energy, and to bethe formative agency for European spacetravel through its function as a spaceagency as well as umbrella organizationfor the most effective and efficient pro-ject management agencies. The mainfeatures of the strategy have alreadybeen highlighted in the Research andCorporate Results 2006/2007.

The main goals of the corporate strategyare shown in the illustration.

For the achievement of the core goals of the corporate strategy, 14 supportinggoals were additionally formulated withregard to the economic situation, deve-lopment and expansion of relationships,HR development and administration, pro-cesses/organization of the research facilityas well as the infrastructure and informa-tion technology.

Exact details with regard to all goals are setforth in the document “DLR-ResearchEnterprise – Goals and Strategies 2006–2009” which can be downloadedfrom the website www.dlr.de/en by visiting Management & Admin.,Corporate Development and ExternalRelations.

Strategy

Ecomonic Development > Strategy

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ImplementationImmediately following the official passageof the corporate strategy, a road showwas conducted within the DLR centers.Presentations were held at all DLR locati-ons to familiarize employees with thenew orientation, to answer questionsand to initiate a constructive dialogue.Several opportunities for critical exchangesregarding DLR’s new orientation were of-fered in the context of the regular meet-ings by the Executive Board and the headsof the institutes, e.g. at the quarterlymeetings or the annual exchange betweenthe heads of the institutes and next-gene-ration researchers with the ExecutiveBoard. To continue this dialogue, the DLR-internal education program isexplained ina course where employees can familiarizethemselves with the methodology for thedevelopment of the corporate strategyand its direct, concrete implementation.

DLR’s corporate strategy is also reflectedin the organization’s internal science com-petitions titled “DLR Center of Excellence”and “Competition of Visions”. Via thecriteria that are set for the selection ofthe winners, we are able to define a newfocus that is in line with DLR’s alignmentof goals.

In addition, the corporate strategy is furt-her supported by a strategic controllingaction. Inside an internal DLR Manage-ment Information System (MIS), selectedcode numbers are continually updated.This measure is how DLR’s developmentin various areas can be monitored and, ifnecessary, steered. Furthermore, an MISthat is always up to date helps with theharmonization of figures relative to inter-nal and external DLR reporting.

Presentation ofresultsThis second part of DLR’s annual report –on corporate results – will outline anyprogress that has been made with regardto the continued implementation of DLR’sstrategy. This section of the report de-scribes important activities relative to theeconomic situation, technology marke-ting, national and international relations,structure, process and organizationalimprovements as well as with infrastruc-ture and information technology.

Overall Concept – Vision, Mission, Approach

Aeronautics Space Transport Energy SpaceAgency

ProjectManagement

Agencies

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Research Sovereign Responsibilities Services

Continual improve of scientific excellence

Strengthening the German Economy and Science Disciplines within the Scope of Global Competition by Expanding Aeronautics and Space Support in Europe

Increasing the Leverage for the Business Areas Transport and Energy

Increasing the Use of Innovative Research Results in Aeronautics, Space, Transport and Energy

Expanding Perceived Sovereign Responsibilities

Strengthening the Contributions of Project Management Agencies in Germany and Europe

Bu

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Core Goals of the Strategy

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Third-party fundsCompared to the previous year, thirdparty funding declined slightly for thereporting year 2006, ending with Euro255 million; however, third party fundingcould nevertheless be maintained at ahigh level. This type of funding contribu-tes 48% of DLR’s overall revenue. Thechanges were mostly due to develop-ments in the large project segment. Thedrop in third party funding is correspon-dingly reflected, in particular, in the areaof public projects funded by the federaland regional state governments (subsi-dies as well as orders) and supranationalorganizations (ESA). The reason for this

Results

development lies in the progress and/orconclusion of long-term projects that hada crucial impact on the growth of thirdparty funding activities during the previo-us year.

In contrast, proceeds from projects withinthe domestic economy could be increasedby 41% to Euro 56 million (excludingpatent and royalty incomes), which is sig-nificant. The reason lies essentially in thefact that in the business sector Space, aproject is assigned directly by industry. Inaddition, other large projects could bebrought to their successful completion.

The revenue share of foreign principalscould be held at approximately the samelevel as during the previous year. Thirdparty funding income by foreign govern-ments was almost constant, ESA earningsdropped by half, but a considerable in-crease in earnings was recorded fromforeign businesses. The reason for thissituation is to be found once again inactivities involving large projects, specifi-cally at the Lampoldshausen location.

In the area of EU projects, viewing the pastthree years with 297 EU projects ordered,it was possible to increase the number of sponsorships once again during thereporting year, despite the expiration ofthe 6th Research Framework Program.Primarily the success rate of 54% is re-markable in this context, because thenumber of submitted project applicationsfor the same period dropped. The quan-tity of EU projects in the framework ofwhich DLR exercises its consortia-coordi-nating function has declined minimally.In addition to the ending of some corres-ponding projects, this development iscertainly also attributable to the start-upof the 7th Research Framework Program.

Third party funds 2004 2005 2006

Revenue from third party Euro 242 m Euro 275 m Euro 255 mfunding totaling

revenue growth, R&D revenues +18% +1% +41%from domestic business activities

Third party share as part of 49% 52% 48%the revenue total

Share of revenues from foreign 35% 31% 29%clients (revenue volume)

Success rate of EU proposals 42% 40% 54%in the last three years (accepted/submitted)

Revenues from EU promotions Euro 12.5 m Euro 15.6 m Euro 17.3 m

Coordinator/total ratio 18% 21% 16%(EU projects)

Ecomonic Development > Results

49

Research-relatedresultsDLR places a high standard on the scien-tific quality of its research. Consequently,in addition to procuring third party fun-ding which is important to ensure thatresearch activities are aligned with thedemands of industry, the quality of thescientific results is just as crucial. Publica-tions, presentations and teaching assign-ments are identifiers for measuring scien-tific quality and productivity, and they arecontinually recorded. Any variations aremainly due to project work, personnel-related fluctuations or application activity.

With 495 articles, the number of publi-cations in reference periodicals (561 forthe previous year) decreased slightly. Ifreference publications in proceedings,books etc. are added to this figure, thenumber of publications submitted in anyform for expert review prior to publicationamounts to 1,031 (comparison figure for2005: 1,127).

With regard to presentations, on theother hand, DLR’s untenured scientistswere more active during the reportingperiod than during 2005. The increase inthe number of completed diploma papersthat was seen over the past few yearshas remained unabated. The number ofaccepted teaching jobs at the universitylevel stabilized at last year’s volume.

Technology marketingTechnology changes markets; markets inturn influence technologies and products.DLR Technology Marketing views its rolein this field of exchange as that of amediator between innovative technolo-gies and a partner to industry in searchof technological solutions to problems.Technology Marketing at DLR designs the

process – ranging from the demand situ-ation in the marketplace in all sectors,via the development of ideas and theirimplementation in the context of transferprojects, all the way to integrating DLRknow-how into contexts of economicutilization. The envisioned main objectivesare, in response to the demand, prepara-tion of DLR technologies in order toimplement products together with part-ners from the industrial sector, as well asthe acquisition of new customers, thesecuring of business areas by way of pro-prietary rights and support for the creationof new companies.

Examples of successful technologymarketing

Subsequent to the completed transferproject “Tempering and Processing ofCompound Fiber Components with Micro-waves“, Bolle & Cords introduced a resinheating system in the marketplace. Scholzmade a large autoclave available to theInstitute of Composite Structures andAdaptive Systems, free of charge. At thecurrent time the autoclave is being con-verted, in cooperation with Fricke &Mallah, for microwave curing. After refit-ting is complete, Scholz will launch thistype of autoclave in the market. Theaeronautics industry has shown majorinterest.

The HDTV scanner was developed in collaboration with Kinoton. The scannerallows for quick and high-resolution scan-ning of analog film material and trans-fers the information to a format that cor-responds to HDTV. The 0-series modelwas presented at tradeshows in 2006;the Kinoton company will introduce it inthe marketplace in 2007.

In the context of the transfer project“Scientific Software Portal” the virtuallaboratory was improved as a cell-basedportal and equipped with the capabilityof providing scientific software, plus itwas made available for implementation.Within the framework of a pilot applica-tion, DLR implemented the portal inter-nally and/or connected program packagesin order to make it available to otherusers. The project was completed withan operational portal, including the cor-responding documentation.

Product-related results 2004 2005 2006

Publications in peer-reviewed journals 450 561 495

Peer-reviewed publications in proceedings, 500 566 536books, etc.

Presentations at scientific conferences, 0.88 0.81 0.85workshops, readings

Calls to universities 12 9 8

Masters Degree 235 264 318

Dissertations (internally) 86 71 78

Post-doctorate 5 5 4

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Created as part of the transfer project“Modular Air-cooled Low-TemperatureFuel Cell System” a driverless transportsystem and, in cooperation with thecompany CARDEC, an airfield vehicle wasbuilt. Both systems are based upon a fuelcell drive system. At the 2007 tradeshowin Hanover and the 2006 Air TrafficCongress, this vehicle aroused great interest in industry circles. CARDEC hasgood order volume; DLR already deliveredfive fuel cell systems to CARDEC.

An installation for solar wastewatertreatment of household and industrialwastewater is currently in developmentas part of the transfer project “SOWARLA(Solar Waste Water Treatment)” in colla-boration with the companies KACO GmbHand Hirschmann GmbH. Licensing andmarketing agreements were signed withHIRSCHMANN and KACO Gerätetechnik,the partners of this cooperative effort.

In the context of the transfer project“Slungload”, a system for the safe trans-port of outboard helicopter loads wasdeveloped and brought to maturity formarket launch in collaboration with thecompany iMAR GmbH. A licensingagreement was signed. The transfer pro-ject “Cargo Handling” is conducted basedon said agreement; in particular, the pro-ject’s added objective envisions the deve-lopment of point-specific precision duringthe setting-down operation of outboardhelicopter loads. The German FederalArmed Forces and iMAR GmbH haveshown great interest in the technology; a licensing agreement was signed withiMAR.

The companies Hydro Aluminium GmbHand Metallguss Herpers GmbH are co-operation partners in the transfer project“Aerogelbinder“. The project’s goal isthe development of cast cores made ofaerosands for aluminum precision-castingapplications. The automobile industryexhibited great interest in the technologyat the GIFA 2007. The technology re-ceived the “Award for Innovation of theCity of Aachen” and the “Bavarian StateAward for Special Design and Perfor-mance in Craftsmanship 2007”.

The transfer project “Product Developmentof a Potential and Seebeck Micro ThermalProbe for Semiconductor Characterization“,in a collaborative effort with the compa-ny PANCO, resulted in the conversion ofa lab procedure to a measuring device.Three beta testers already declared theirwillingness to buy these instruments afterthe conclusion of the beta testing phase.The company LOT ORIEL was contractedas distribution partner.

Following the transfer project “FourFinger Hand”, Schunk signed a marketingagreement with DLR. DLR has alreadydelivered five hands, which were sold bySchunk; more orders are expected. Therobotic hand won the “EURON Technolo-gy Transfer Award 2007“ as well as the“iF Product Design Award 2007“.

The company S.E.A. GmbH could becommitted for the marketing of the dis-play system that had been created in thecontext of the transfer project “iObjects.”The brand name is “2Indicate“.

Intellectual property rights

In 2006, the number of applications forinventions climbed to 232. This translatesto an increase of approximately 8% rela-tive to the previous year (216). Germanintellectual property rights owned by DLR

increased in 2006 in comparison to theprevious year by about 13%; at the endof 2006 DLR owned 1,203 national rightsof protection.

Applications for proprietary rights abroadare necessary primarily for the industrialpartners. DLR applies for foreign intel-lectual property rights at its own expenseonly if this is essential in order to securecore work areas, thereby ensuring thatDLR will have free maneuverability in thelong run. Due to this restrictive patentapplication policy, the number of intel-lectual property rights acquired abroaddropped between 1998 and 2003 byabout one third. Even though the inven-tory of intellectual property rights abroadhas remained approximately constant interms of nominal figures since 2004,when compared with the national inven-tory of protective rights, however, it hascontinued to shrink. The reason is to befound mainly in cost control efforts.

Licenses

DLR’s royalty income increased in contrastto the previous year from about Euro 2.7million to about Euro 4.15 million, there-by returning to the levels of 2003 and2004. The reason for the strong decreasein 2005 had been a major drop in salesof two important licensed DLR products.It was subsequently possible to compen-sate for this drop with good sales figuresfor other licensed products in 2006 aswell as with a lucrative one-time paymentby one licensee. Thus, in comparison tothe average of the years 1996 to 2000,DLR’s annual royalty income has approxi-mately doubled. The reasons for thisdevelopment are the successful techno-logy transfer projects started by DLRTechnology Marketing between 1998and 2002 and that now generate theincreased royalty revenue.

With regard to external costs for patentapplications, general cost increases – inparticular, the expenditures for externalpatent attorneys – have resulted in slightexpenditure increases. DLR spends about


51

0.5% of its budget for the application,maintenance and defense of its inventions.

Spin-off companies

The purview “Company launches“ sup-ports spin-offs from DLR institutes andfacilities. Corresponding employee initia-tives leading to such spin-offs can besupported with funding from the HelmholtzSociety’s Impetus and Networking Fund.Since the inception of the EEFII fund lastyear at HGF, four DLR facilities havereceived subsidies of up to Euro 100,000each to help with the preparations forsetting up a company. Four additionalpreviously organized companies wereintroduced and have already received inpart positive evaluations.

With the new technology companiesthat were spin-offs from the DLR organi-zation, DLR secures further access to themarket. The companies are given licensesfor the utilization of DLR technology,which they incorporate in value-addingapplications leading to further third partyfunding income for the institutes. Asidefrom the purely economic consequencesfor DLR’s business activities, this supportmeasure constitutes an attractive outlookfor employees leaving the organizationand seeking a professional alignment fortheir future. Both, the entrepreneurialactivities as well as the collaboration wit-hin a young, DLR-technology-based com-pany are a foundation for a professionalfuture.

Different kinds of funding are availablefor company financing at the Kreditan-stalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW). The high-tech entrepreneurial start-up funds wereset up specifically for financing compa-nies that are organized as spin-offs fromresearch facilities. Technology Marketingsupports the DLR facilities in their appli-cation processes and – in conjunctionwith the Department for General LegalAffairs – in the drafting of cooperation andlicensing contracts with these companies.

DLR patents in Germany

20061998 1999 2000

Domestic total Foreign Total

1000

0

400

800

1,200

1,400

1,000

600

200

2001 2002 2003 20052004

Received royalties

20061996 1997

1000

0

1.5

3

4

4.5

Mio. Euro

3.5

2.5

0.5

1

2

1994 1995 1998 2001 20031999 2000 2002 20052004

Technology marketing 2004 2005 2006

Revenue from licenses Euro 4.2 m Euro 2.7 m Euro 4.1 m

Company hive-offs 1 1 2

New in-house technology 12 15 13transfer projects

Investments in technology Euro 2.4 m Euro 3.5 m Euro 2.8 mtransfer projects

down the information regarding satis-faction in the workplace, process organi-zation and leadership as well as coopera-tion within the organizational units. Asecond interview round is slated for 2008in order to assess the progress made fol-lowing the initiated improvement actions.

In 2003, the project “Fit for Future“ wasstarted within the framework of “ChangingATI”; this project targets stronger custo-mer and market focus in the context ofthe purview Technical Infrastructure. Theevaluation was focused on “Facility Ma-nagement“, “System House Technology“,“Construction Management” and”Building Management”.

To isolate the best option from amongthe possible alternatives, the DLR Exe-cutive Board decided at the end of 2005to pursue the model of a Public PrivatePartnership (PPP) as a pilot project forFacility Management (FM) at the site inCologne. This approach envisions findinga private third-party that delivers, by wayof a life-cycle management, all cons-truction and FM services at the locationCologne and retains the employees tas-ked today with FM-related responsibili-ties. The process method in the contextof the project is aligned with the PPPguidelines issued by the regional statethe federal state North-Rhine-Westphalia,as well as the guideline “ProfitabilityStudies in PPP Projects” published by thefederal work group of the same name.

The suitability test recommended by thefederal and state PPP work groups wasimplemented and produced positiveresults; the inventory of services, buildingand technical installations at the siteCologne is available. They are the basisfor the output specifications of all ser-vices that will be the starting point forany Service Level Agreements (SLA) to be negotiated in the future.

The present results with regard to theprojects “Systemhaus Technik“ (SHT),“Construction Management” and“Building Management” were evaluated

Corporate developmentATI - DLR’s Administrative and Tech-nical Infrastructure in transformation

The project “Effectively/Efficiently Opti-mizing Processes (PEO)“ was completedon schedule at the end of 2006 as part ofthe multi-year change process “ChangingATI”. The goals that were set for processorganization, acceleration, structure ad-justments and a cost-control measure,cutting cost by 10%, were achieved. Inaddition to the previously ISO-certifiedsupport processes “Managing Orders“ and“Purchasing”, the processes ”ManagingPersonnel” and “Planning and Steering”were certified as part of the matrix certi-fication in November 2006. An EFQMassessment by way of a parallel measureresulted in an excellent evaluation.

The sustainability of the changes initiatedby the PEO project is supported by acode number system that was introducedin 2006 for the support processes of theAdministrative Infrastructure.

Aside from the code numbers for direc-ting the processes, the year 2006 alsosaw a benchmarking of the process“Managing Personnel” with the GKSSHR Administration. The result led tocooperation in concretely identified sub-ject fields, such as the web-based appli-cant management tool, travel expenseaccounting and personnel liaison model.

Thirty supervisory personnel feedbackswere conducted with over 300 employe-es as part of the administration’s culturedevelopment project in the course of thesecond half of 2006. The results break

Structure

52

over a time period of almost two years.

Experts assessed the results as positiveand support further planned actions withregard to the individual projects. A sum-mary of the results for the individual pro-jects that have been achieved to datefollows.

The following targets were reached andimplemented with regard to the project“Systemhaus Technik“ (SHT):

- Effective and efficient collaborationacross different site locations as part ofthe overall concept “Systemhaus Technik”were effected on the basis of uniformlyand consistently introduced processes aswell as harmonized documentationthroughout all technical operations.

- Implementation of a regional, step-by-step organization and a process organi-zation, starting in 2007, that is basedon described roles and functions.

- Implementation of an ongoing enhance-ment process that is linked to a continualprocess review regarding issues relatedto effectiveness.

- Successful transfer of the “SystemhausTechnik” (SHT) to a demand-orientedresult unit starting January 1, 2007.

In 2006, the processes for providing andmaintaining technical infrastructure sys-tems were modeled under the umbrellaof the “Construction Management” pro-ject; in this context interfaces andresponsibilities were clearly defined, suchas the responsibilities of principal andcontractor. Moreover, one of the objectivesconsisted in harmonization with users forthe purpose of improving transparency inthe preparatory and realization phases ofconstruction projects as well as theimprovement of secure application ofDLR’s corporate strategy across locations.

The building management project sawthe compilation of a product and servicecatalogue for all services that are providedin the context of building management.

Ecomonic Development > Structure

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Presentation of certificate in April 2007. Fromleft to right: K. Hamacher, Vice-Chairman ofthe DLR Executive Board, M. Senden, DivisionHead of Finance and Corporate Controlling,W. Kuhnert, Department Head of HR and Legal,Prof. J.-D. Wörner, Chairman of the DLR Exe-cutive Board and J. Stoll, Head of the Teamof Junior Associate Officers at the GermanSociety for the Certification of ManagementSystems (DQS)

- Maintaining and expanding the assess-ment and consulting responsibilities onbehalf of BMVg and BWB as well as theirdependent official authorities and onbehalf of the science sector. In addition,there is always an ongoing related searchfor new and improved technologies.

At the 415th meeting of the DLR ExecutiveBoard on June 11, 2007, it was decidedthat DLR would join the newly foundedGerman European Security Associatione.V. (GESA) at the end of 2006. GESAseeks to help bring together the interestsof the German research community andof parties seeking such research in theareas of security and the security marketin order to promote the creation of thebest possible framework conditions forinnovation in this area.

To this end, all of the respective serviceswere analyzed and harmonized withestablished standard structures in FacilityManagement. Based on this modeling ofprocesses, and while involving the cus-tomer, a service management model witha central service desk was set up and tested.

In addition, preparatory work for the im-plementation of the key process in termsof space management “area manage-ment”, including the selection of a suit-able area management tool, was con-ducted in order to create an adjustmentlever for the institutes and facilities forthe purpose of directing their use ofspace and, consequently, the impact andresponsibility relative to cost.

Defense technology and securityresearch

Research in the area of military defensetechnology is an integral component ofDLR’s program policy. In the interest ofmutual research and the technologytransfer between civil and military appli-cations, technological military defensethemes are integrated as part of DLR’scivil research activities. The goal consistsof utilizing as much as possible, and withthe close collaboration by the relevantgovernment departments and theirdependent official authorities, the resultsfrom civil sector research and to supple-ment specific military aspects withresearch and development projects.

The goals of military research at DLR areas follows:

- Providing contributions to meet demandand to close the capacity gap at theGerman Federal Armed Forces basedon research that is both focused and inresponse to phenomena and applicationrequirements.

- Providing methods, installations and theimplementation of demonstrations fortesting and evaluating new technologies.


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ideas for the technologies of the future.The funding goes to smaller employeegroups who submitted subject proposalsthat capture topics of special scientific,technological and social relevance. Fun-ding of 100,000 Euros per year over twoyears is to be used for the initial feasibilitystudies. The work from the last contest,which DLR initiated in 2005, is still activethrough the end of 2007. A new call forsubmissions is anticipated for 2008.

German personnel at ESA

Since 2003, DLR has been increasinglyactive in the area of personnel recruit-ment for the European Space Agency(ESA) in order to promote Germany’sstrategic position via growth of the shareof German nationals who are employedby that organization. The target markeris an increase of the number of employe-es to a level that would correspond tothe German percentage share relative toESA funding, which is 23.6%. With ashare of 27.8% of newly hired personnelin 2006, which translates to 25 newemployees, Germany is in a fairly goodstarting position. Utilizing existing instru-ments, i.e. the DLR work group for ESArecruitment, the delegation program,and promotional events and participationat company job fairs, DLR was able tostabilizeand in fact slightly increase theGerman personnel share – despite HRlosses due to retirement and low newapplicant figures. As of the target dateof June 30, 2007, ESA has a total of1,925 employees. Of those 375 are fromGermany, corresponding to a rate of19.5%. However, this positive develop-ment should not detract from the factthat, in view of Germany being one ofthe seven major funding contributors, weare still considerably underrepresented.

The activities mentioned above havebeen the foundation for DLR’s success.Two partial aspects shall be emphasizedbelow. With currently 12 young graduatetrainees, Germany supplies the largestcontingent in this area by far. This createsa good springboard for young people

DLR’s own science contests

DLR’s science contests are very much un-derway. In an effort to create an incentivefor further improving scientific excellence,for increasing expansion of expert leader-ship positions, or for indulging in thepursuit of new, visionary ideas, DLR con-ducts two complementary in-house con-tests in regular intervals: “DLR Center ofExcellence” and “Competition of Visions”.Winners of the annual “DLR Center ofExcellence” competition receive recogni-tion of their stellar performance, both bybeing awarded the same-name title andby receiving additional funding. In thefall of 2006, we honored two topics inthis manner. Surfaces and surface coa-tings for high-temperature applicationstook center-stage at the “DLR Center ofExcellence SURFACE”. Structural materialsbecame functional materials; in fact, merematerials were morphed into “intelligent”materials. The resulting coating centerwas erected with the assistance of HGF’slarge investment funds and officially ope-ned in the spring of 2007.

The “DLR Center of Excellence AdvancedHigh-Resolution & 3D-SAR Technologiesand Applications“, also held in the fall of2006, develops high-end technologies forEarth observation applications. Relyingon the experiences of three DLR instituteswhen it comes to Synthetic ApertureRadar (SAR) technology, ranging fromsensors developed for specific missionsto highly precise processing of data andthe generation of user-specific data pro-ducts, this DLR Center of Excellencecompetition meets the extreme require-ments in connection with a detailedexploration of our Earth and its climate.Winners are each awarded the sum of500,000 Euro for the years 2007-2009.The Board of Experts, along with theprogram directors, coordinates andcomes to agreement on concrete goals.Another invitation for submissions isunderway. With the event “Competitionof Visions“, DLR promotes innovative

The new DLR Centers of Excellence house thedevelopment for cutting edge technologiesin the subject areas of high- temperature co-atings (top) and 3D-SAR (bottom: TanDEM-Xin formation flight for cross-country models)


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intending to make the switch to a futurewith ESA. Thanks to newly hired person-nel, Germany, next to France, has alsobecome the leader over the past fewmonths in the area of the so-called A6-positions, which is comparable to theposition of a division head. The positivedevelopments of the HR results at ESAfor 2006 and the first six months of2007 is an excellent start as DLR continu-es in its pursuit to achieve an even moreenhanced development of the ESA per-sonnel strategy. In addition, the continuedsearch for qualified candidates to fill strategically important A5 positions hasremained a crucial focus for the DLR workgroup during the second half of 2007.

Quality manage-ment and environ-mental protectionThe quality of DLR’s research results, pro-ducts and services is the foundation forits organizational ability to perform and tocompete. DLR strives to satisfy the highestdemands placed upon its research, ma-nagement and infrastructure. This is re-flected in the slogan that DLR published onits internet website www.dlr.de – “DLR –Our Research Secures the Future“. Withregard to the development of the DLRmanagement system and any of its furt-her pursuits in connection with the ideaof excellence, DLR’s new integrated qua-lity policy posits the integration of quality,security, environmental protection andsustainability. This policy was drafted incooperation with Corporate Strategy, theLiaison for Environmental Issues and theWork Group of the Liaison for Qualitythen passed by the Quality Board in 2006.At the same time, the DLR managementsystem was incorporated as an integralpart of “Goals and Strategies 2006-2009”.

Quality management

Excellent research results as well as high-quality scientific and technical servicesand products are the foundation forDLR’s successful customer relations. Tomaintain and expand these relationships,DLR operates a management system thatsatisfies the characteristics of a publicresearch company in the areas of aero-nautics, energy and transport as well asthe tasks of the national space agencyand the functions of the project manage-ment agencies. A total of 15 institutes,facilities and organizational units relativeto quality management (QM) systemswere introduced and certified by mid-2007. They are currently undergoing anexpansion in 12 additional institutes andfacilities. With the achievement of a ful-fillment level of 53% (introduced systemsand systems in development), a growthof 7% was realized in comparison to theprevious year. The uniform quality mana-gement (QM) system for the overall DLRorganization is one of DLR’s special fea-tures that make it stand out from amongthe large research facilities. In the sum-mer of 2007, the Bureau Veritas Certifi-cation once again completed a successfulaudit pursuant to DIN EN ISO 9001 ofthe direction process applied to DLR’squality management (QM) as well as ofthe facilities for quality and product assu-rance. The Space Operation facility suc-cessfully integrated the work protectionmanagement system this year, in accor-dance with OHSAS 18001 as part of itsmanagement system according to ISO

9001. The Institute of TransportationSystems achieved the demanding certifi-cate pursuant to Standard VDA6.2 of theautomotive industry. Technical Serviceswith Systemhaus Technik West earned acertificate pursuant to ISO 9001 and ISO14001 (environment). The Institute ofAerodynamics and Flow Technologyreceived accreditation by an inspectionauthority for natural smoke and heatventing equipment (NRWG) pursuant tothe construction products law. The Insti-tute of Aerospace Medicine continues tobe a holder of the certificate pursuant tothe Medical Devices Law ISO 13485.Both Development and Flight Operationswere able to maintain their LBA accredi-tation in force. The materials testing faci-lity for fire behavior in Trauen was inte-grated in the development operationsand is therefore also recognized by LBA.LBA-recognition is unavoidably crucial forthe operation of the DLR research fleetas well as for the corresponding experi-ments and scientific studies.

The Administrative Infrastructure (AI) pla-ced all support processes under a jointcertificate pursuant to ISO 9001 and sub-mitted its total organization simultaneouslyto an IBEC assessment. All four processesare certified in accordance with ISO 9001.At the beginning of the year, DLR becamea member of the European Foundationfor Quality Management (EFQM) andnow faces, in addition to the quantitativegrowth of its management system, thechallenge of increasing the qualitativerequirements placed upon the perfor-mance of its partial systems. Self-evalua-tions as well as external assessmentssupport this development. Training mea-sures for EFQM assessors are planned.The DLR QM repeatedly participated inthe Ludwig-Erhard Award 2006 with ajunior executive and it participated withanother junior executive in the EuropeanExcellence Award (EEA). The DLR QualityPrize Award took place for the fourth timeon the occasion of DLR’s annual generalmeeting. With an increasing number ofcustomer and partner certifications sur-rounding DLR, there is a growing demandthat DLR as an overall organization and/orits individual institutes and facilities re-quire audit evaluation or the need for acertificate in their role as suppliers. Insome instances the requirements are al-ready exceeding the standards as set forthunder ISO 9001, e.g. AIRBUS and Rolls-Royce with their demand for EN 9100,EADS with the demand for ISO 14001. In individual cases it was possible toexplicitly develop additional acquisitionpotential that would otherwise, withouta QM system of the facility, not havebeen possible.

The analysis of DLR customers for theyears 2001-2006 showed a complex cus-tomer structure with approximately 500customers in the area of third party fun-ding annually. Approximately 5% of thethird party donors give 80% of third partyfunding. A decentralized uniform proce-dure across all of DLR for determiningcustomer satisfaction was introducedand is increasingly being utilized by thefacilities. DLR also introduced a uniformsupplier evaluation instrument. Startingin September 2004, employees with suf-ficient technical knowledge and expertiseconcerning standard DLR procedures havebeen appointed DLR auditors. During thereporting period, these auditors handled24% (new calculation in contrast to theprevious year) of the planned DLR systemaudits. DLR hosted the second mutualexchange for auditors in November 2006with a large number of auditors in atten-dance.

In the future, all DLR institutes and facili-ties will be audited systematically. Thisincludes creating inventories and monito-ring product-relevant measuring and tes-ting materials that DLR uses, plus ancho-ring the scientific quality assurance aspart of the management system, incor-porating the guideline for investmentprotection with regard to software deve-lopments, harmonizing DLR’s processlandscape, and incorporating the guideli-nes for safety in the workplace as part ofthe integrated system.

Environmental protection and safety

For years, DLR has had a firm commit-ment to protect the environment and toensure safety. Aside from a multitude ofresearch activities in the areas of climateprotection, conservation of resources andreduction of emissions, company-basedenvironmental protection in accordance

with international standards is also animportant aspect. Eight years ago DLRlaid the groundwork for ongoing impro-vements in accordance with the environ-mental management standard ISO 14001as an integral part of the technical infra-structure at the location Cologne. Sincethat time, this path has been followedwithout deviation, with the integrationof improved safety and quality systems.Technical Services were certified in March of 2007 in accordance with theISO standards that are relevant for quali-ty, environment and safety. In connectionwith the above, the corporate policy wasrevised as well. These integrated systemsdefine goals and regulate the recording,documentation as well as the publicationof all relevant activities. In particular, theycontain the self-defined commitment onthe part of the DLR to continually strivefor the further enhancement of the mea-sures used to handle products and instal-lations, to minimize effects impacting theenvironment and to optimize safety devicesfor the protection of personnel, environ-ment and facilities. Independent expertsconfirmed this commitment.

Communications transfer, both internal aswell as external, including risk communi-cation, continues to be at the center of theongoing improvement process. In part,these efforts include the continual expan-sion as well as updates to the internet andintranet platform www.umwelt.dlr.de inorder to communicate with the differenttarget groups. Any interested person willfind information ranging from an alertplan, to ergonomics, manuals, qualityassurance, radiation protection and issuesrelating to environmental protection. Thesection that addresses the managementof hazardous materials is currently under-going a comprehensive revision. In 2006,much of the content of the “environ-ment servers” in inter-operational workgroups was linked and supplemented inmore detail with the work and environ-mental protection portal of the HelmholtzAssociation at www.argushelmholtz.de.This included an expansion of the legaldatabases and comprehensive supplemen-tation of training and practice modules.


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Quality management 2004 2005 2006

Certifications and accreditations 13 15 15

Last year, the liaisons undertook the furt-her development of their own films andanimations for training purposes and alsofor external companies; this material is intended to enhance sensitivity training.In addition, informational events for employees as well as special training forsupervisory personnel are offered andconducted. With regard to fire protectionand building preservation, older buildingsin particular were audited, and catalogueswith steps to improve fire protectionwere created. In addition, sewer systemswere upgraded and above and under-ground structures were cleared of pre-existing harmful substances and waste.

Unfortunately, accidents can not be com-pletely avoided, despite comprehensiveefforts at prevention. Fifty-two accidentsoccurred in 2006 that required reporting;half of those did not occur in the work-place but in public traffic and involvedmotor vehicles and bicycles. With an ac-cident rate of less than 10 accidents per1,000 persons, DLR is at a low accidentlevel for 2006. In our 13th year of publicrecord keeping since 1993, we achievedthe third-best rating. The declining rate isonce again far below the average valueof about 27 for the Federal Republic ofGermany, and also below the figure listedby the servicing social insurance for oc-cupational accidents, which is at almost20. The diagram, top right, depicts thispositive trend. Thanks to the low accidentrates, DLR is assessed only the lowest-levelpremium rates by the insurance company.The evaluation of the safety and environ-mental protection system has led to im-provements in the area of safety mana-gement, organizational structure, andhuman resources specific to full-timeemployees in the course of the past twoyears. In this context, the areas of pro-tection in the workplace, environmentalprotection, fire and operational protectionwere combined and centralized in theliaison system. Over the past year, DLRconducted comprehensive internal conti-nuing education measures for its


57

employees utilizing the services of spe-cialized educational institutions. Every-body is thus able to support supervisorypersonnel and employees alike in allsafety-related issues with competenceand interdisciplinary expertise. It is in thisinternal group, “Work Group IntegralSafety,“ that the combined related forcesare bundled in one central place. Thisincludes the definition of focus areas ofresponsibility. For many partial safety-related areas, there is (are) only one orseveral special expert(s) available wholead the work on these issues. One teamcurrently develops improvements on riskdefense plans as well as plans on how to avert a pandemic. Another aspect ofsafety management involves the clearand transparent implementation ofsafety and environmental duties alongthe entire line of the management chan-nels of responsibility. This year, obligatorysafety and environmental standards will

Accidents at DLR

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

7,59,8

20,1 19,8

12,9

26,1

4037 36

31 3028

27

12,1

24,9

12,1

24,3

8,9

22,0

Accident rate per 1,000 persons (accidents per 1,000 employees)

Rate per 1,000 persons (DLR average)

BG FuE average Accident rate per 1,000 persons (insurer’s average)

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

12,2

21,3

be generated and passed for DLR in theformat of company-internal standards,guidelines and recommendations that willbe linked to existing manuals.

Cultivating the next generation of humanresources is also an important issue forthe areas of environmental protection andsafety. In this context graduate theses andindependent written work assignmentsare handed out and supervised dealingwith relevant subject matters, such asprotection against explosion and legalupdates. The results then become part ofthe liaison’s work.

Helmholtz Asso-ciation of NationalResearch Centers Program performance

As in years prior, DLR achieved the goalsset by the Program-Oriented Sponsorshipplan (“PoF”). The activities initiated inBremen with the new Institute ofAerospace Systems must be taken intoaccount in the context of the pendingprogram application for the second evaluation round for Program-OrientedSponsorship. In this manner, DLR supple-ments its portfolio and comes closer toits goal of creating an overall system ofcompetence for space programs.

Impulse and networking fund

Efforts to secure financing for a newgroup of next-generation scientists fromthe Impulse and Networking Fund weresuccessful. The influence of aircraft emis-sions on the chemistry of the tropopauseregion will, in cooperation with the Uni-versity of Mainz, be the subject matter ofa six-year funding program. In addition,the funding for three other next-genera-tion groups was extended successfully.Two applications for new funding weresubmitted to the Helmholtz Associationbusiness office. Funds from the Impulseand Networking Fund were effectivelyused for spin-offs: Whipox Developmentand Marketing Company, in the area ofmaterials research; Thelsys, specializing in a holistic approach to air transport sys-

tems; and Dualis, an expert in robotics.The rehiring of two scientists was alsoachieved via this route. Design of SafetyCritical Systems (DESCAS), another DLRproposal for a Virtual Institute, won theupper hand in the Helmholtz-wide com-petition. DLR submitted four further appli-cations for the pending evaluation round.

National and Euro-pean NetworkingCooperation with universities

Cooperation with universities is a strategicgoal defined in DLR’s overall corporatepolicy. Joint projects in almost all businessareas secure the best possible use ofavailable resources in program-based re-search. Similarly, joint personnel collabo-rations boost the training of highly quali-fied next-generation experts for industryand science. DLR and the universitiesprofit equally from the cooperation. Withrespect to the universities, the scientificand technical infrastructure that DLR hasin place is in many instances a prerequisitefor many research projects. DLR in turnsecures access to next-generation scien-tists and new research topics. The DLRinstitutes work with over 500 doctoraldissertation candidates in support of theirthesis work annually; approximately 300students complete their graduate Master’sof Science in DLR facilities. The numberof DLR scientists securing teaching jobshas grown considerably in the last fewyears. Correspondingly, 200 scientists werehired last year for presentations, academicin-class exercise courses, seminars etc. atuniversities and poly-technical universities.

Joint appointments are a central aspectof the personnel-related crossover bet-ween research and higher education. Asa matter of principle, all DLR instituteheads are appointed jointly with a uni-versity; i.e. the DLR institute head assu-mes the job of a university professor withall of its rights and obligations at a given

Relations

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university in addition to directing theinstitute. Joint appointments accordingto qualification criteria by both partnersensure that the best possible personnel isfound for the job, with the scientist reali-zing better research and teaching oppor-tunities.

Participation in German ResearchFoundation (DFG) programs

The so-called “Coordinated Programs“ bythe German Research Foundation (DFG)support extensive networks of researcherswho dedicate their efforts, on an inter-disciplinary basis, to a more comprehen-sive subject area of interest. In specializedfocus research, the main aspect lies onfirst-rate research; focus programs helpdevelop expert capacities and graduatestudent education opportunities for trai-ning outstanding new young scientists.During the reporting period, DLR institutesparticipated in nine special focus researchareas, 15 concentrated programs andthree graduate student programs.

Sponsorships

Securing a pool of highly qualified youngtalent for research and development workis an essential concern for both scienceas well as industry. Sponsorships are avehicle where the promotion of new talentgoes hand in hand with the objective ofquick technology transfer through people.In these programs companies bear halfof the cost of training next-generationscientists who are employed by DLR for a period of three to four years and whowork in subject-areas that are of equalinterest to DLR and the companies alike.As part of this program, young candidatesspend some of their time on site at thecompany. In 2006, we administered 53sponsorships, thereby approximately main-taining the high level of the previous year.

Cooperation with NLR

The cooperation between DLR and itsDutch partner organization “NationalAerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands”(NLR) received a strong boost in the areaof air traffic management thanks to the founding of the joint company “AT-One EEIG, European Economic InterestGrouping”. The AT-One cooperation isbased on their excellent expertise whenit comes to available simulation and ope-rations tools and experimental installationsin the area of air traffic management.Coupled with the planned implementationof the SES ATM Research Program (SESAR),DLR and NLR will take important stepstoward realizing a single unified Europeanair space – the “Single European Sky”(SES). The stated goal of the “SingleEuropean Sky“ is the search for ways toaccommodate the increased traffic volumeexpected in the year 2020, via an efficient,uniform European air space. This is parti-cularly important in light of the fact that the number of flights is expected to double as early as in the next decade.With such a rapid increase in the amountof traffic, we need new innovative con-cepts, solutions and procedures for effi-cient air traffic management that aredesigned with safety and environmentalconcerns in mind. Under the umbrella of

Ecomonic Development > Relations

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the DLR and NLR cooperation, AT-Onecomprises two of the largest researchorganizations in the European air trafficmanagement sector. With its large spec-trum of scientists and engineers, thegroup represents the benefits of inde-pendent scientific research, new techno-logies, concept and system validationand more.

F. Abbink (front left) and Prof. Szodruch(front right) sign the AT-One EEIG foundingagreement in the presence of the two AT-One directors J. Hoeksha and K. Klein

National and European networks 2004 2005 2006

DFG participants 36 30 27

Sponsorship contracts 43 54 53

In mid-June 2007, the EU Commissionsubmitted its official proposal for a Euro-pean technology initiative with the statedgoal of environmentally friendly air trans-port, the Joint Technology Initiative (JTI)“Clean Sky”, for consideration in thefurther EU decision-making process. Theobjective of this large-scale Europe-basedprogram is a bundling of resources fromindustry and the EU in the framework ofa “Public Private Partnership” in order toimplement ACARE’s strategic environmen-tal goals in the area of aeronautics. TheJTI “Clean Sky“ initiative is expected tosteer the development away from classicproject funding, which has been handledon a case by case basis, for dedicated stra-tegic large-scale JTI projects in exchangefor achieving a critical mass in favor ofthe implementation and demonstrationof environmentally friendly aeronauticsresearch and technology in Europe.

This goal is to be reached with the assis-tance of six so-called Integrated Techno-logy Demonstrators (ITD). DLR will parti-cipate in conjunction with its partnerorganization Office National de laRecherche Aerospatiale (ONERA) in thesegments fixed-wing airplanes and heli-copter ITD. DLR will moreover participatein the flight system ITD. The final decisionregarding the implementation of the JTI“Clean Sky“ initiative is expected for theend of 2007 under the auspices of thePortuguese EU Presidency.

In a parallel measure, DLR, along with itspartners, has also preparations underwayfor participating in the JTI segment hy-drogen and fuel cells; the correspondingsubmission for this project is also expec-ted to occur during the Portuguese presi-dency. In the area of space flight, theSpace Council’s forth conference wasprepared with great intensity and finalizedduring the reporting period. To guidethese efforts, talks were held on all levelsbetween the DLR, the German federal go-vernment (EU presidency), the Commis-sion and the ESA presidency (Netherlands)


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in efforts by the parties to arrive at a suc-cessful passage of the resolution for aEuropean space program that is carriedby all member states.

Cooperation with CNES

Between April 2-5, 2007 DLR and CNESorganized jointly the Seventh InternationalSymposium for Launcher Technologies inBarcelona which addressed the topic of“Opening New Ways to Space Prospec-tive – Advanced Concepts TechnologiesMissions”. Spanish partner organizations,especially GTD, were actively involved insetting up the conference. Two hundredparticipants from Europe, but also fromthe United States, China and Brazil,debated proven and visionary launcherconcepts alike. The symposium was thesecond event that was designed as aDLR/CNES partnership. This partnershiphas led to an exchange of informationand cooperative projects on scientific andtechnical levels and will be continued inthe framework of the coming launchertechnology conferences as well as beingexpanded to other subject areas.

In the summer of 2007, a DLR/CNESworkshop was organized at the highestlevel with the stated goal of identifyingconcepts and topics as well as advancinga close cooperation between the organiza-tions. The formation of joint teams andwork groups, the exchange of informationand research results in efforts of avoidingduplication, joint programs and projectsas well as personnel exchanges were to-pics that took center-stage. Detailed working group were establishes toaddress subject areas of joint interest forthe partners (extra-terrestrial life, healthscience, transport, climate and globalchange/EO, formation flying and explora-tion technology). The President of CNESwas an invited guest at senate meetingsin an effort to acquire a better under-standing of the direction of DLR. In addition, one scientist of CNES Toulouseis currently employed on a one-year contract at the aeronautics operation inOberpfaffenhofen.

Cooperation with EREA

During this year’s Le Bourget air show,DLR was represented as part of the EREAbooth and its organized events. The spe-cial responsibilities of European researchfacilities in the aviation sector were pre-sented as part of a lecture series before a special focus audience. Addressed wereresearch topics in the areas of helicopters,materials, turbulent wake and noise aswell as large testing installations. The bi-and trilateral cooperation between EREA,such as the “Aero Testing Alliance“ (ATA);cooperation between the DLR, NLR andONERA wind channels; and bilateralONERA/DLR cooperation in the area ofhelicopter research were highlighted.

Cooperation with EU and ONERA

On December 22, 2006 the Commissionpublished the first request for bids in thecontext of the 7th Framework Programfor Research and Technical Development(FP7). With a total of 157 project appli-cations, DLR once again played a promi-nent role, coordinating 23 of the projectapplications. Of interest are not only thesubject-specific program parts, such astransport (including aviation), energy andspace travel but also overarching subjectareas, such as research infrastructuresand personnel exchange programs (part-nerships between industry and academics).The evaluation results of the project ap-plications have not been concluded andare expected in the fall of 2007.


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InternationalcooperationUnited States

The US initiative on space explorationwas the reason for two visits by NASAadministrator Mike Griffin to Germany.Accompanied by a delegation of experts,he visited the institute in Oberpfaffen-hofen in July of 2006. In January of 2007,he traveled to Berlin to participate inpolicy talks on space travel. Both visitsfocused on gaining first-hand knowledgeof the potential possibilities of the Germanspace program with regard to spaceexploration; plus, efforts were made toincrease German participation in the USspace exploration initiative. Shortly aftertaking office, Prof. Wörner was able tocontinue this intensive dialogue withNASA. With the ongoing budget negotiations in the US Congress regardingNASA’s funding as a backdrop, the maintopics at the conference table were theimplementation of the two German-USprojects SOFIA and DAWN as well as thecontinued expansion of the ISS and itsapplication for scientific uses. Under theleadership of Deputy NASA AdministratorShana Dale, NASA representatives camefor another visit in May of 2007 to discusstopics involving exploration and spacesciences. With an established interest inthe German lunar mission, an agreementwas reached to continue further talks atthe expert level.

Prof. Wörner traveled to Washington uponthe invitation by the German Minister ofForeign Affairs Dr. Steinmeier in order toattend a Transatlantic Energy TechnologyForum in the context of the German EUCouncil Presidency. The conference, withparticipation of high-ranking representa-tives from the industrial sector, offeredan opportunity to strengthen the relation-ship with the US Research Center forRenewable Energies (NREL); talks arecurrently continued at the expert levelwith the German Federal Foreign Office.

After initial contacts at the ICAS confer-ence in Hamburg in September of 2006,the first meeting with the NASA adminis-trator for Aeronautics Research, Dr. Porter,was held in June of 2007. At the LeBourget air show, Dr. Porter, along withProf. Wörner and Prof. Szodruch discussedvarious topics in transatlantic aeronauticsresearch.

Japan

Le Bourget was also the setting for the first personal conversation between Prof. Wörner and K. Tachikawa, Presidentof the Japanese Aeronautics Agency.Possible areas of cooperation were dis-cussed as well as the respective outlookof both agencies as partners ISS andinternational development of launchertechnology. During a dialogue on strategy,it was agreed to involve representativesfrom the industrial sectors in both coun-tries for further talks. In the context ofaeronautics research, the trilateral dialoguebetween JAXA, DLR and the Frenchorganization ONERA was followed upwith a workshop in Tokyo.

Accordingly, new project plans for coop-eration in the areas of aerodynamics,structure, flight systems and carrier drivesystems are in the initial stages.

Trilateral workshop on aeronautics researchwith participants from DLR, JAXA, ONERA inSeptember of 2006


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Russia

Russia proved once more its importanceas a German partner in the utilization ofthe ISS. For example, the German roboticsexperiment ROKVISS has been housed onboard of the Russian ISS module sincethe end of 2004. The experiment hasbeen extremely successful; as early as2005, if was decided to extend the theone-year mission by a second year. Thereliability of the utilized technology andthe high relevance of the gathered dataduring operation of the robotics system,offered all the necessary prerequisites in2006 to extend the mission once more,until the end of February of 2008. Asecond DLR experiment on board of theISS also relies on the partnership withRussia. The MATROSHKA experiment,conducted by the Institute for AerospaceMedicine in its capacity as a main ESAcontractor, was brought back into theSpace Station during a spacewalk inAugust of 2005 and equipped with newdetectors. This successful experiment foranalyzing radiation exposure in space isalso being continued. Further topics ofcooperation with Russia included spaceresearch and carrier services for Earthobservation.

In March of 2007, Prof. Nosenko, deputyhead of the Russian Federal Space AgencyRoskosmos, and Dr. Baumgarten, DLRExecutive Board member, signed a Memo-randum of Understanding regardingGerman participation in the Russian X-rayGamma-Satellite Mission Spektr RG. Thisproject makes it possible to build the x-ray

telescope eROSITA (extended X-Ray Surveywith an Imaging Telescope Array) that isunder development – with DLR co-finan-cing – by the Max-Planck Institute forExtraterrestrial Physics in Garching.

Moreover, on June 15, 2007, the Germanradar satellite TerraSAR-X was successfullylaunched with a Russian-Ukrainian Dneprrocket. A previously failure had initiallycaused delays. DLR experts involved inthe subsequent investigation of the falsestart, were to reassured and confident inthe reliability of the boaster rocket beforethe TerraSAR launch.

This wide spectrum of a successful bilateralcollaboration was the underpinning for afirst personal conversation between thenew Chairman at DLR and Prof. Perminov,the head of the Russian Space Agency, atthe Le Bourget air show. The exchangefocused on the above referenced missionsas well as other scientific missions still inthe planning stages.

In the area of aerospace research, DLRparticipated in late March of 2007 in theEU Russia Workshop on Aerospace Re-search that was conducted in Moscow inresponse to an initiative by the EuropeanCommission. This workshop is the conti-nuation of a dialogue between facilitiesand companies in the aerospace industrywith the goal of a more effective Russianinvolvement in European aerospace re-search, specifically as part of the 7thFramework Program for Research andTechnical Development.

Left to right: Dr. Baumgarten and Prof. Wörnerwith Prof. Perminov, the head of the RussianFederal Space Agency Roskosmos


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China

Research cooperation with China wasdiscusses during the 23rd Joint CommitteeMeeting (JCM) between DLR and theChinese Aerospace Establishment (CAE)on September 25, 2006 in Beijing. Ameeting under the direction of Prof.Szodruch addressed current issues of bilateral cooperation but focused primarilyon the development of the Chinese ARJ21 or its successor versions.

Following the Joint Committee Meeting,talks were held with representatives ofAviation Industry Corporation II (AVIC II)in Beijing and Jingdezhen. The talksfowsed on the final preparation of thetrilateral “Framework Agreement forCooperation on Rotorcraft Research“between the Chinese Chinese HelicopterResearch and Development Institute(CHRDI), the French ONERA and DLR.

Australia

Another bilateral project was added tothe long-standing cooperation of DLRAerospace Research with the AustralianCooperative Research Centre for Ad-vanced Composite Structures (CRCACS)in June of 2007. During a visit by Prof.Murray Scott, Chief Executive Officer atCRC-ACS, the Australian partners andthe Institute of Structures and Design aswell as the Institute of CompositeStructures and Adaptive Systems signeda technical annex on “CrashworthyDesign”.

Korea

DLR Aerospace Chair Prof. Szodruch alsovisited Korea in April of 2007. The dis-cussions focused on the possibilities ofexpanding bilateral aerospace researchwith different Korean research facilitiesand universities. The “Korean HelicopterProgram“, which selected Eurocopter asits international development partnerduring an international call for bids, wasthe point of departure for the talks. Onissues of space flight, DLR supports theinvolvement by German industry withregard to the development of a high-re-solution optical Earth observation satelliteand the delivery of individual components.

Canada

As a follow-up by the ESA Council onJune 13 and 14, 2007 in Dresden, talkswere held with L.J. Boisvert, the newPresident of the Canadian Space Agency(CSA). Subjects were the Canadian in-volvement in NASA’s as well as ESA’sexploration program and bilateral topics.In October 2006, an ImplementationArrangement was signed between CSAand DLR at the IAC that addressed theissue of applied Earth observation. Theproject envisions an exchange of remoteexploration data from the two satellitesTerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 with theobjective of the further development ofsoftware tools in the area of movingobject identification (GMTI).

Joint Committee Meeting of DLR-CAE inBeijing. In front next to Prof. Szodruch isProf. Zhang Xinguo, President of CAE andSenior Vice President of AVIC I. In the back-ground from right to left: Dr. Eitelberg, Prof. Zhang Juen and Prof. Zhou Jun

Mexico

After several months of developmentwork, operations were started up atDLR’s mobile ground receiver station inChetumal. The setup of the ground sta-tion by the German Space Program wasimplemented in cooperation with theMexican partner facilities Consejo Nacionalde Cienca y Tecnologia (CONACyT) andComisión National para el Conocimientoy Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO). Thestation has two purposes: for receivingsatellite-supported Earth observation datafrom different satellites, including theGerman TerraSAR satellite; and research-related cooperation on application issueswith regard to the Earth’s observation,such as e.g. vegetation mapping, bio-diversity protection and fire monitoring,together with the Mexican partners andcomparable facilities in the CentralAmerican region.

Brazil

The very successful cooperation with Brazilin the area of rocket engines (includingthe delivery of Brazilian engines for theSHEFEX-1 and TEXUS campaigns) continued during the past year. The DLRmodule that was started in the summer of2007 contributed to the Brazilian Micro-gmission CUMA II. In the context of the L-Band SARSatellite project MAPSAR bythe Brazilian research facility “InstitutoNacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)“,the phase-A study with DLR was broughtto a successful conclusion in the summerof 2007. The project was presented toDLR and the German space industry at afinal workshop. Next it will be presentedto Brazilian decision-makers.

Chile

The development of an expanded Earthobservation program in Chile was reasonfor a delegation trip to Chile, joined byrepresentatives of the German spaceindustry, in November of 2006. The basisfor this collaboration is the cooperationbetween the Chilean INACH and DLRregarding use and operation of DLR’sreceiver station at O’Higgins/Antarctica.The objective of the trip was to identifyareas of possible cooperation in appliedEarth observation with universities andthe aerospace industry.

Ecuador

In July of 2006, Dr. Baumgarten attendedthe Fifth UN-Space Conference of theAmericas in Quito, Ecuador. The confe-rence was an opportunity for bilateraltalks, including conversations with theagency directors of Brazil and Chile andalso with representatives from otherresearch facilities in Latin America.

UN

Using the advisory meeting of the 49thCOPUOS meeting in June of 2006 as astarting point, on December 14, 2006,the General Assembly of the UnitedNations passed the resolution that providesfor setting up the UN program SpaceBased Information for DisasterManagement and Emergency Response(SPIDER) under the supervisory authorityof the UN Office for Outer Space. EssentialDLR-support helped bring one of the twoSPIDER offices to the UN Campus inBonn. In a parallel step, a second officewill be set up to operate from Beijing.

At its 50th conference held in June of2007, COPUOS debated the currentsituation involving threats to current orfuture space missions due to spacedebris and various guidelines for thereduction of space debris were passed.All member states are now asked to en-sure that the guidelines are implementedin the context of their national spaceactivities. DLR implements these guidelinesin connection with the steps it takesregarding quality assurance and productsafety.

On June 7, 2007, UN Deputy Secretary-General Akasaka, Germany’s UNAmbassador Mr. Matussek and DLRExecutive Board member Dr. Baumgartenopened the exhibition “A New Perspectiveon Mars“ at the main headquarters ofthe United Nations in New York. Becauseof the great interest by the public, theexhibition will travel to different locationswithin the United States over the courseof nearly one year. Parallel to the NewYork exhibit, DLR contribution to the exibit at the Vienna location entitled “50 Years of Peaceful Use of OuterSpace.” DLR’s main focus in this contextwas the issue of space-supported disastermanagement.


64

presented a 15-page spread with DLRat its focus, including a title page high-lighting DLR research.

- At a parliamentary soirée held onFebruary 27, 2007, DLR presentedplans for a potential unmanned lunarmission. This issue was communicatedpublicly. DLR CorporateCommunications had suggested thetopic and a matching slogan: “Germanyon its way to the moon.“ Media andpublic alike reacted strongly to thisannouncement.

- Farewell to Prof. Wittig and introduc-tion of Prof. Wörner. On March 21,2007, at a festive reception attendedby Federal Minister Glos, State Secre-tary Wuermeling and the coordinatorof the BReG for Aeronautics Hintze, thenew DLR Chairman Prof. Dr. Johann-Dietrich Wörner was inaugurated to hisnew office. At the same time, his pre-decessor Prof. Dr. Sigmar Wittig bid hisfarewell. High-ranking representativesfrom the science and business commu-nities as well as industry representativesattended the event. DLR CorporateCommunication also presented the firstpart of the corporate film: “100 Yearsof Flight“ in a premier event showing.

- With the start of the TerraSAR mission,the first German space project develo-ped as a Private-Public-Partnership (PPP)left the starting gate. Communicationwas excellent; DLR was able to genera-te and communicate the first imagesfrom the satellite with unexpectedspeed thereby surprising the sciencecommunity.


Corporate communicationIncreased multimedia and onlinecommunication

During the reporting period, CorporateCommunications intensified its strategicapproach of branding various instrumentswith Multimedia/online communicationsbeing a special focus. Simultaneously, the following highlights can be reported:

- DLR held its annual general meeting inStuttgart.

- Astrolab mission/ Thomas Reiter. In thisinstance, DLR was able to make a clearnational mark on an ESA mission. DLRsupported the communications aspectof the final phase of the mission, bothin Germany as well as in the UnitedStates. This helped inform the public ina transparent and comprehensive way.

- New Year’s receptions in Berlin, Washing-ton and Brussels: With all due ceremonyProf. Wittig retired with honors from hisofficial post at the national and interna-tional New Year’s festivities, and Prof.Wörner was introduced as the new DLRChairman. The New Year’s reception inBerlin has become an established insti-tution in the German capital, so muchso that over time the attendance byhigh-ranking politicians has becomecommonplace.

- 100 years of institutionalized aerospaceresearch in Germany: Among otherpersonalities, the Federal Minister Glosmade an appearance at the event, whichwas also organized in honor of the centennial of DLR and its predecessororganizations, thereby also reinforcingfor employees the corporate culture ofthe organization and helping to enhanceDLR’s public image. The next generationof scientists was reached with outstand-ing effectiveness. Excerpts of the eventwere broadcast by the TV station “ntv.”In connection with the media-basedcooperation between DLR andLufthansa magazine, LH-magazine

65

Federal Minister for Economics and Techno-logy Michael Glos and the former DLRChairman Prof. Wittig enter their names inthe Golden Book of the City of Goettingen

66

People

Equal opportunities;work-life balanceDLR acknowledges the importance offamily and strives to provide equalopportunity for all. Only two years afterbeing awarded the 2005 “Job andFamily Audit” certificate (“Audit Berufund Familie©“), in 2007 DLR receivedonce more the “Total EQuality“ ratingfor its considerable increase of women inleadership positions over the past tenyears and the significant increase of the female share among new scientifictalent, climbing from 11% to 27%during that time.

A spectrum of family-oriented measuresassists in optimizing the balance bet-ween job and family, e.g. flex-time andwork hour models, teleworking optionsthrough telecommunications/ telepho-nic/wireless channels etc., sabbaticals,

part-time work for certain phases duringthe life of a family, family services, rehi-ring assurances as well as company andcompany-sponsored child care. TargetedHR development programs to improvethe share of female employees and tosensitize management with regard tothese issues round out our HR policyapproach. Because these measures arepart of the “Job and Family Audit”(“Audit Beruf und Familie”), they arecontinually reviewed and improved.

Personnel develop-ment at DLRPersonnel development at DLR is part ofthe support process relative to “PersonnelManagement”. The goal of personneldevelopment consists in providing helpto institutes and facilities in reaching theirtargets by continually improving the per-formance capacity of employees, teamsand organizational units, while simulta-neously promoting incentives and satis-faction in the workplace.

With regard to employees, it is crucial toharmonize, on an individual level, quali-fications, responsibilities, developmentrequirements and performance potentialswith the demands of the job. Managementdeals primarily with issues of organizatio-nal development. Strategic and structuralchange processes are correspondinglysupported by moderated team workshops.

Tools and services in personnel development

Services and personnel developmentdepend on demand. Basically, demand isdefined by strategic talks at the manage-ment level, structured employee conver-sations, individual requests regarding

internal continuing education and harmo-nization with corporate goals. QualifiedHR developers create customized person-nel and organizational development con-cepts for customers with these concernsin mind.

They consult on issues, the implementa-tion of varied personnel developmentmeasures and evaluate their efficiency.Personnel development also comprises,issues involving continuing education,employee guidance and talent promotion,as well as the following services:

- Education programs, both local andacross sites, focusing on language andelectronic data processing training,development of social competence,management responsibilities and thepromotion of better health.

- Differentiated development formanagement personnel and next-generation leadership talent.

- Team workshops with regard to theorganizational development (e.g. changemanagement, strategy development,leadership and collaboration, especiallytailored training seminars for teams).

- Support with the recruitment, selectionand familiarization of new employees.

- Coaching of management personneland employees as well as of smallgroups.

- Mentoring, in particular to promoteefforts for cultivating the next generationof scientists.

- Management feedback on ways toimprove leadership and collaboration.

- Project management on issues such asequality of opportunity and creating abalance between job and family.

- Central coordination of training programs.

Ecomonic Development > People

67

In 2006, 44% of the employees partici-pated at least once during the year in aneducational program or offerings formanagement or team workshops underthe personnel development efforts. Eachemployee spent an average of 1.7 daysper year with personnel developmentmeasures (continuing education eventsor team workshops); for all employeesthis added up to 9,294 days in 2006.Overall, and comparing to the figures ofthe previous year, the number of conti-nuing education events that were held as well as the number of days spent oncontinuing education per employee in-creased slightly. Particularly the team work-shops registered a clear increase from 26in 2005 to 38 in 2006. This emphasizesthe stronger interactive engagement bet-ween personnel development and orga-nizational development. The rate of can-celled seminars due to lack of participantsdecreased from 31% to 24%, emphasizing the increase in demand.

In 2006, personnel development supporteda total of eight mentoring pairs. DLRdirects also a mentoring project withinthe Helmholtz Association that extendsacross individual centers.

Personnel development defines the pro-motion of the next generation of scien-tists as its primary goal. A moderateddialogue has become established since2005 between new leadership personneland the DLR Executive Board. This ex-change makes potential decision-makerspart of important strategic developmentsand conveys an authentic representationof the work on the Executive Board.Hierarchical boundaries are thus trans-cended and the corporate identity expe-riences a boost.

DLR’s strategic goals are strongly focusedon international integration and the cor-responding projects in support of thisalignment. A special focus in 2006 wasthe development of intercultural compe-tence by employees. Activities in the areaof e-learning underwent intense promo-tion across the entire DLR organization.Especially blended learning concepts (the

combination of in-class time coupledwith phases of self-learning) are beingexpanded on an ongoing basis. In thearea of language and electronic proces-sing training, this approach is already welldefined.

New developments and projects

DLR’s personnel development participatesin the Helmholtz Academy program forleadership personnel; the organizationfocuses its efforts, in conjunction withthe Management Center St. Gallen, specifically on conveying excellentmanagement skills to persons with high leadership potential.

The first doctoral symposium, which cre-ated positive feedback from the approxi-mately 70 participants from almost alllocations, was held in January of 2007 atDLR. The goal consisted of integrating allDLR doctoral candidates into a networkin order to facilitate subject matter andpersonal exchanges. The resulting actionplan includes the creation of an informa-tion platform, the generation of a sup-port guideline, information exchange onfurther career opportunities and the in-tense utilization of what personnel deve-lopment has to offer from within DLR. Aconcept on talent management will bedeveloped for the vice-chairman; theconcept is to be initially implemented asa pilot project under the vice-chairman’spurview. The entire process “PersonnelManagement“ qualified for DIN EN ISO9001 certification at the end of 2006. A grievance management system wasintroduced especially for the area of per-sonnel development; this will furtherhelp optimize services.

The DLR-specific draft of the collectivebargaining agreement on compensationis currently being negotiated betweenthe total works council and the employ-er. Personnel development will ensurethat, following the signing of an agree-ment, management and employees willbe educated on and familiarized with thesystem in a short amount of time. Anotheragreed objective envisions establishingmanagement feedback events as an inte-grative part of the personnel develop-ment of DLR leadership personnel. Self-assessment by management personnel is systematically compared with outsideevaluations by subordinated employeesand the respective next-level supervisor.This will help to improve the direction aswell as the cooperation within the orga-nizational units and helps create a moreobjective assessment of respectivemanagement styles.

One important project involves providingsupport by the entire administration inthe implementation of a process organi-zation and the associated leadership andwork culture that is necessary to achievethis goal. Guidelines for managementand employees were defined in 2006 ofthe basis of the concept “ProcessManagement”;

Personnel development and mobility 2004 2005 2006

Continuing education days per employee 1.7 1.5 1.7

Mentoring teams 11 9 8

Postings abroad (months) 274 485 564

68


these guidelines were discussed in thecontext of workshops, and action stepsfor their implementation were devised.The latter half of the year saw employeeinterviews with management feedback inorder to gather data on the developmentof the corporate culture for all organiza-tional units. Based on these results, con-crete action plans were derived settingclear responsibilities for managementand employees. These interviews will berepeated in mid-2008, and the develop-ment since will be analyzed.

Human resources Administration

The most important issue in HR Admi-nistration is the implementation of thenew collective bargaining agreement oncompensation for public service jobs(performance-based contract). This is thefirst time in DLR history that part of thesalary of all employees will depend on aspecific performance evaluation. Thevolume of this compensation will amountinitially to 1% of the annual salary andwill increase in the course of the comingyears to 8%. This means ultimately the

goal is a performance incentive that, witha sufficiently differentiated performanceevaluation, can amount to as much astwo monthly salaries.

The evaluation is done on the basis ofwhether agreed goals were met and byway of systematic performance evalua-tions. A graduated model will be used inthis context that may envision up to fivelevels. The collective bargaining contractbased on performance only defines theoverall framework; said framework willfleshed out with a union contract. Nofinal decision has been reached at thispoint as to whether a single generalunion contract may be used that willapply across the entire DLR organizationor as to whether an undetermined number of local union contracts with different content will have to be drafted.As long as there is no mutually agreedunion contract (there is no instance thatqualifies to “force” an agreement; this isnot permissible under collective bargainingrules), one half of the premium amountwill be paid as a lump sum to eachemployee, and the second half of thepremium will be withheld thereby increasing the compensation volume of the following year accordingly.

Special significance is attached to theissue of training management personnelin appropriately and purposefully evalua-ting the performance of employees.

Awards and prizesInternal awards 2006

DLR Science Prize

- Dr. rer. nat. Erich Schülein, Institute ofAerodynamics and Flow Technology

- Dr. rer. nat Olga Shishkina and Prof.Dr.-Ing. Claus Wagner, Institute ofAerodynamics and Flow Technology

- Dr. techn. Ivan C´ osovic´ and Dr.-Ing.Michael Schnell, Institute ofCommunication and Navigation, Prof.Dr. techn. Andreas Springer, Universityof Linz, Austria

- Dott. Simone D’Amico and Dr. rer. nat.Oliver Montenbruck, Space Operationand Astronaut Training

- Dr.-Ing. Roger Schäfer, Institute ofAeroelasticity and Dr.-Ing. AndreasMack ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, TheNetherlands

DLR Senior scientist

- Dr. rer. nat. Eberhard Gill, SpaceOperation and Astronaut Training

- Dr. rer. nat. habil. Martin Rein, Instituteof Aerodynamics and Flow Technology

- Dr. rer. nat. habil. Martin Schmücker,Institute of Materials Research

DLR research semester

- Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Gerz, Institute ofAtmospheric Physics

- Dipl.-Ing. Luise Kärger, Institute ofComposite Structure and AdaptiveSystems

- Dipl.-Phys. Holger Mai, Institute ofAeroelasticity

- Claudia Nobis M.A., Institute ofTransport Research

- Dr. rer. nat. Michael Ponater, Institut ofAtmospheric Physics

- Dr. rer. nat. Jens Schmidt, Institute ofStructures and Designs

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Claus Wagner, Institute ofAerodynamics and Flow Technology

Personnel 2004 2005 2006

Employees 5,055 5,125 5,344

Scientific Employees 2,336 2,603 2,749

Standing orders/fixed-term contracts 2,913 / 2,142 3,064 / 2,061 3,043 / 2,301

Proportion of women- overall 28% 28% 29%- in leading positions 12% 12% 12%- scienctific assistants 13% 12% 13%

Young scientists 128 113 110

Doctoral candidates (internal/external) 453 519 538

Trainees 251 256 243


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DLR Quality Prize

- Dr. Cornelia Schlesier, staff memberwithin the Technology Marketing facilityin Berlin-Adlershof, as well as qualityrepresentative of Technology Marketing

- Hartmut Keller, staff member within theSpace Operation and Astronaut Trainingfacility in Weilheim

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Lemmer, Directorof the Institute of Transportation Systemsin Braunschweig.

In addition the DLR_School_Lab awardeda prize to the student team of the Haim-berg Gymnasium-Göttingen for their suc-cessful project “Optimization of boathulls and thermal propulsion of a motor-boat”. Award-winning team membersincluded Leonie Henschel, Julius Siebnerand Lukas Vellmer“.

Prizes awarded by the Society of DLR Friends

Hugo Denkmeier Prize- Dr.-Ing. Michael Dumbser, University

of Stuttgart, as the youngest doctoratecandidate at DLR.

Fritz Rudorf Prize- Dr. Olivia Drescher-Schwenzfeier, DLR

Space Agency, for outstanding achieve-ments during the preparations of theESA-Council Conference at the ministe-rial level in December 2005 in Berlin.

Innovation Prize- Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Fix, Dipl.-Ing.

Christian Lemmerz, Dr. rer. nat. Hans H. Klingenberg and Dipl.-Phys. PeterMahnke, Institute of Technical Physicsfor work on laser systems for naturalgas detection on board helicopters

Otto Lilienthal research semester- Dr.-Ing. Jan Teßmer, Institute of Com-

posite Structures and Adaptive Systemswith the Chairman prize of the societyfor the “Virtual testing of compositestructures in aircraft construction”

- Dr.-Ing. Daniela Voss, formerly Instituteof Materials Physics in Space, as youn-gest patent applicant of her age group

Individual Awards- Bernhard Fuhrmann, Director of Business

Communication, for the innovativedesign and layout of the business andmedia communication, as part of thesuccessful implementation in the overallstrategy of all DLR entities.

DLR/ONERA Team Award- Bernd Gmelin, formerly Program Direc-

tor of Aeronautics Braunschweig andJean-Jacques Philippe, formerly ONERAFrance, for the initiation, establishmentand successful implementation of thescience/technology DLR/ONERA collabo-ration in the helicopter sector.

External Awards 2006

Award Winner

AVT Panel Excellence Award

Best Paper Award, International Workshop onSatellite and Space Communication

Best Paper Award 2005, Automatic ControlTechnology, German magazine Regelungstechnik

Best Student Paper Award, Digital AvionicsConference

Research Sponsorship Award, University of Mainz

Third Industry Prize 2006 during the award cere-mony of the Innovation Prize, Federation ofGerman Composite Industry (AVK)

First Winner on the state-level in the 2006Practical Achievement Competition of YoungJourneymen/-women

RUAG Aerospace Germany Individual Prize

Visualization Challenge 2006, NSF NationalScience Foundation USA and the “Science” Journal

Zonta International Amelia Earhart Award

Institute of Composite Structures and AdaptiveSystems

Prof. Dr. Ing. Horst Körner

Dipl.-Ing. Laura RosatiProf. Gianluca Reali

Dr. Ing. Christian OttDr. Ing. Alin Albu-Schäffer

Dr. Ing. Ivan Cosovic

Dr. rer. nat. Patrick Wette

Institut für Faserverbundleichtbauund Adaptronik

Dennis Klein

Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Petzold

GeoVIS-Team DFD

Dipl.-Biol. Michaela Herr

GeoVIS-Team DFD

Compilation ofPerformance Indicators

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Third-party funds 2004 2005 2006

Total third-party Euro 242 m Euro 275 m Euro 255 mfunding

revenue growth, R&D revenues +18% +1% +41%from domestic business activities

Third-party share as part of 49% 52% 48%the revenue total

Share of revenues from foreign 35% 31% 29%clients (revenue volume)

Success rate of EU proposals 42% 40% 54%in the last three years (accepted/submitted)

Revenues from EU promotions Euro 12.5 m Euro 15.6 m Euro 17.3 m

Coordinator/total ratio 18% 21% 16%(EU projects)

Product-related results 2004 2005 2006

Publications in peer-reviewed journals 450 561 495

Peer-reviewed publications in proceedings, 500 566 536books, etc.

Presentations at scientific conferences, 0.88 0.81 0.85workshops, readings

Calls to universities 12 9 8

Masters Degree 235 264 318

Dissertations (internally) 86 71 78

Post-doctorate 5 5 4

Ecomonic Development > Performance Indicators

71

Technology marketing 2004 2005 2006

Revenue from licenses Euro 4.2 m Euro 2.7 m Euro 4.1 m

Company spin-offs 1 1 2

New in-house technology transfer projects 12 15 13

Investments in technology transfer projects Euro 2.4 m Euro 3.5 m Euro 2.8 m

Youth promotion 2004 2005 2006

Young scientists 128 113 110

Doctoral candidates (internal/external) 453 519 538

Trainees 251 256 243

Personnel development and mobility 2004 2005 2006

Continuing education days per employee 1.7 1.5 1.7

Mentoring teams 11 9 8

Postings abroad (months) 274 485 564

Personnel 2004 2005 2006

Employees 5,055 5,125 5,344

Scientific Employees 2,336 2,603 2,749

Standing orders/fixed-term 2,913 / 2,142 3,064 / 2,061 3,043 / 2,301contracts

Proportion of women- overall 28% 28% 29%- in leading positions 12% 12% 12%- scienctific assistants 13% 12% 13%

International cooperation 2004 2005 2006

International visiting scientists 6.1% 7.9% 6.6%(stay > 1 month) versus scientificpositions at institutes

Quality management 2004 2005 2006

Certifications and accreditations 13 15 15

National and European networks 2004 2005 2006

DFG participants 36 30 27

Sponsorship contracts 43 54 53

Management tools 2004 2005 2006

Overall project work 65% 63% 66%

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FACTS & F IGURES

As of June 30, 2007, DLR had 47sponsoring members in addition tohonorary members, scientific mem-bers and ex officio members.

Honorary members- The Honorable Daniel Saul Goldin,

Washington

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Walter Kröll, Marburg

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Reimar Lüst, Hamburg

- Jean Sollier, Rueil-Malmaison, France

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Zeidler, Stuttgart

Sponsoring mem-bersPublic entities that regularly give atleast Euro 50,000 annually:

- Federal Republic of Germany, representedby the Federal Minister of Economicsand Technology, Berlin

- The German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, represented by theBaden-Wuerttemberg Minister ofEconomics, Stuttgart

- State of Bavaria, represented by theBavarian State Minister of Economics,Transport, and Technology, Munich

- The German state of Berlin, represen-ted by the State Secretary of Science,Research and Culture, Berlin

- The German state of Lower Saxony,represented by the Lower SaxonyMinister of Science and Culture,Hannover

- The German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, represented by the Ministerof Innovation, Science, Research andTechnology of North Rhine-Westphalia,Duesseldorf

Institutes and facilities

Members and executive bodies

74

- Aerodynamics and Flow Technology

- Aeroelasticity

- Aerospace Medicine

- Aerospace Systems

- Air Transport and Airport Research

- Applied Remote Sensing

- Atmospheric Physics

- Combustion Technology

- Communication and Navigation

- Composite Structures and AdaptiveSystems

- Flight Guidance

- Flight Operations

- Flight Systems

- German Remote Sensing Data Center

- Materials Research

- Microwaves and Radar

- Planetary Research

- Propulsion Technology

- Robotics and Mechatronics

- Space Operations and AstronautTraining

- Space Propulsion

- Space Simulation

- Structures and Design

- Technical Physics

- Technical Thermodynamics

- Transport Research

- Transport Systems

- Vehicle Concepts

- Industrieanlagen-BetriebsgesellschaftmbH (IABG), Ottobrunn

- Kayser-Threde GmbH, Munich

- KUKA Roboter GmbH, Augsburg

- LIEBHERR-AEROSPACE LINDENBERGGmbH, Lindenberg/Allgäu

- Lufthansa Technik AG, Hamburg

- MST Aerospace GmbH, Cologne

- MT Aerospace AG, Augsburg

- MTU Aero Engines GmbH, Munich

- Nord-Micro Elektronik AG & Co. OHG,Frankfurt/Main

- OHB-System AG, Raumfahrt- undUmwelt-Technik, Bremen

- RheinEnergie AG, Cologne

- Rheinmetall Defence Electronics GmbH,Bremen

- Röder Präzision GmbH, Egelsbach

- Rohde & Schwarz GmbH + Co. KG,Cologne

- Rolls-Royce, Deutschland Ltd & Co. KG,Dahlewitz

- RUAG Aerospace Deutschland GmbH,Weßling

- Siemens AG, Munich

- Snecma Moteurs, Vernon

- Stadt Braunschweig, Braunschweig

- Tesat-Spacecom GmbH & Co. KG,Backnang

- ZF Luftfahrttechnik GmbH, Calden

Scientific members- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Maria Esslinger,

Braunschweig

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Philipp Hartl, Munich

- Prof. Dr. Hans Hornung, Pasadena,California/USA

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E. h.Erich Truckenbrodt, Gruenwald

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Joachim E. Trümper,Garching

Ex officio members- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Aigner, Stuttgart

- Dr. rer. pol. Ludwig Baumgarten, Bonn

- Jürgen Breitkopf, Munich

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h. c. mult. Bullinger,Munich

- Marco R. Fuchs, Bremen

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ursula Gather,Dortmund

- Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Götting, Heidelberg

- Prof. Dr. Reinhard Genzel, Garching

- Prof. Dr. Michael Grewing, France

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Peter Gruss, Munich

- Dipl.-Kfm. Klaus Hamacher,Cologne-Porz

- Dipl.-Ing. August Wilhelm Henningsen,Hamburg

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Horst, Braunschweig

- Andreas Kleffel, Duesseldorf

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Kleiner, Bonn

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Kubbat,Darmstadt

- Dr.-Ing. Reinhold Lutz, Munich

- Dr.-Ing. Norbert Rüdiger Ninz,Ueberlingen

- Dr.-Ing. Manfred Peters, Cologne-Porz

- Dipl.-Kfm. Gerhard Puttfarcken,Hamburg

- Dr. rer. pol. Rainer Schwarz, Berlin

- Dr.-Ing. Klaus Steffens, Munich

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Szodruch,Cologne-Porz

- Uwe Teegen, Braunschweig

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann-Dietrich Wörner,Cologne-Porz

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Gunter Zimmermeyer,Berlin

Facts & Figures

75

Individuals, legal entities, and asso-ciations and societies without legalcapacity:

- Aerodata AG, Braunschweig

- AIR LIQUIDE Deutschland GmbH,Duesseldorf

- ALSTOM Power Generation AG,Mannheim

- AOPA-Germany, Verband derAllgemeinen Luftfahrt e. V., Egelsbach

- Arbeitsgemeinschaft DeutscherVerkehrsflughäfen e. V., Berlin

- AUDI AG, Ingolstadt

- Robert Bosch GmbH, Berlin

- Bundesverband der Deutschen Luft undRaumfahrtindustrie e. V., Berlin

- CAE Elektronik GmbH, Stolberg

- CAM Computer Anwendung fürManagement GmbH, Unterfoehring

- Carl-Cranz-Gesellschaft e. V.,Weßling/Obb.

- Commerzbank AG, GroßkundencenterWest, Duesseldorf

- DaimlerChrysler AG, Stuttgart

- Deutsche BP Holding AG, Hamburg

- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- undRaumfahrt – Lilienthal Oberth e. V.(DGLR), Bonn

- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ortung undNavigation e. V., Bonn

- DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH,Langen

- Diehl VA Systeme Stiftung & Co. KG,Ueberlingen

- Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen

- Dresdner Bank AG, Cologne

- EADS Deutschland GmbH, Munich

- ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-Gesellschaft mbH, Munich

- Fraport AG, Frankfurt/Main

- GAF AG, Munich

- Municipality of Weßling, Weßling/Obb.

- Gerling Vertrieb Firmen und PrivatAG/Gerling Vertrieb Industrie AG,Cologne

As of June 30, 2007, the Senate hasthe following members:

From the science sector:

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Aigner

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h. c. mult. Hans-JörgBullinger, ex officio

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ursula Gather

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Reinhard Genzel

- Prof. Dr. Michael Grewing

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Peter Gruss, ex officio

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Horst

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Kleiner, ex officio

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Kubbat(Vice-Chairman)

- Dr.-Ing. Manfred Peters

- Uwe Teegen

As of June 30, 2007, the SenateCommittee includes six membersfrom the science sector, six membersfrom the sectors of economy andindustry, and five members fromgovernment:

From the science sector:

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Aigner

- Dr.-Ing. Martin Bruse

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler

- Prof. Dr. rer. pol. Martin Grötschel

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Niehuis

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sami K. Solanki(Vice-Chairman)

From the sectors of economy andindustry sector:

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Broichhausen

- Christa Fuchs

- Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Götting (Vorsitzender)

- Josef Kind

- Dipl.-Ing. Georg Rayczyk

- Dr.-Ing. Peter Tropschuh

Voting members from the government sector:

- Ministerialdirigent Helge Engelhard

- Senatsrat Bernd Lietzau

- Dr. Reinhardt Michael

- Regierungsdirektor Dr.-Ing. UlrichStöcker

- Ministerialrat Hendrik Zillinger

Non-voting members from the government sector:

- Leitender Ministerialrat Dr. jur. Reinhard Altenmüller

- Ministerialrat Dr. jur. Axel Kollatschny

- Ministerialrat Karl Schumacher

- Ministerialdirektor Dr. ChristianD. Uhlhorn

76

DLR Senate

DLR SenateCommittee

From the economics and industrysectors:

- Jürgen Breitkopf

- Marco R. Fuchs

- Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Goetting

- Dipl.-Ing. August Wilhelm Henningsen

- Andreas Kleffel

- Dr.-Ing. Reinhold Lutz

- Dr.-Ing. Norbert Rüdiger Ninz(Vice-Chairman)

- Dipl.-Kfm. Gerhard Puttfarcken

- Dr. rer. pol. Rainer Schwarz

- Dr.-Ing. Klaus Steffens

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Gunter Zimmermeyer

From government sector:

- Leitender Ministerialrat Dr. rer. pol.Gerd Gruppe

- Staatssekretär Dr. Hans-GerhardHusung

- Staatssekretär Dr. phil. Josef Lange

- Ministerialdirigent Günther Leßnerkraus

- Ministerialdirigent Thilo Schmidt

- Ministerialdirigent Andreas Schneider

- Staatssekretär Dr. jur. Michael Stückradt

- Ministerialdirektor Dr. ChristianD. Uhlhorn

- Staatssekretär Dr. jur. JoachimWuermeling (Chairman)

- Ministerialrat Hendrik Zillinger

(Status: June 30, 2007)

- Ministerialdirigent Detlef Dauke,Federal Ministry of Economics andTechnology

- Ministerialdirektor Dr. ChristianUhlhorn, Federal Ministry of Researchand Education

- Vortragender Legationsrat 1. Klasse Dr. rer. nat. Karl-Ulrich Müller, Ministryof Foreign Affairs

- Wolfgang Reimer, Federal Ministry forConsumer Protection, Food andAgriculture

- Ministerialdirigent Thilo Schmidt,Federal Ministry of Transport, Buildingand Urban Development

- Director at the Federal Agency forDefense Technology and ProcurementDipl.-Ing. Erwin Bernhard, FederalMinistry of Defense

- Ministerialdirigent Dr. Rainer Sontowski,Federal Ministry of Environment, NatureConservation and Reactor Safety

- Ministerialdirigent Dr. Gabriel Kühne,Federal Ministry of Finance

- Ministerialrat Dr. Winfried HorstmannFederal Chancellery

WTR members(Status: June 30, 2007)

- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Stefan Dech(Vice-Cairman)

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alberto Moreira

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Cord-Christian Rossow

- Dr.-Ing. Georg Eitelberg

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Lemmer

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Friedrich

- Dr. Marina Braun-Unkhoff

- Dipl.-Ing. Michael Bauschat

- Dr. phil. nat. Reinhold Busen(Chairman)

- Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Holzer-Popp

- Dipl.-Phys. Peter-Michael Nast

- Dr. Stephan Ulamec

Facts & Figures

77

(Status: June 30, 2007)

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann-Dietrich Wörner(Chairman)

- Dipl.-Kfm. Klaus Hamacher(Vice-Chairman)

- Dr. rer. pol. Ludwig Baumgarten

- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Szodruch

SpaceCommittee

Members of theExecutive Board

ScientificTechnical Council

T-Systems Solutions for ResearchGmbH, Wessling25.10%T-Systems Solutions for Research – a jointventure between DLR and T-SystemsEnterprise Services GmbH – offers custo-mers in the fields of science and researcha long-term IT-partnership. DLR has spunoff its centralized data processing to thejoint venture.(www.t-systems-sfr.com)

TeleOp GmbH (company with limitedliability), Wessling25.00%The company was founded in 2005 incooperation with T-Systems, EADS andLfA Förderbank Bayern. Its purpose is theimplementation of all necessary negotia-tions within the framework of the GNSSdevelopment (Global Navigation SatelliteSystem), with the underlying target ofparticipating in the development andoperation of a European satellite naviga-tion program.(www.teleop.de)

Anwendungszentrum GmbHOberpfaffenhofen, Wessling25.00%This application center was established in2005 as a Public-Private Partnership (PPP),and will continue to receive start-up ca-pital until the end of 2009 through fundsfrom the “High-Tech Offensive Bavaria”re-investment program. Since the earlybeginnings of the initially solely financedand established incubator by DLR, morethan 31 start-up companies in the fieldof satellite navigation have made use ofits facility or have settled in Oberpfaffen-hofen.(www.anwendungszentrum.de)

Europäische Akademie zur Erfor-schung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen BadNeuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler25.00%The European Academy is dedicated to studying and evaluating the conse-quences of scientific and technical deve-lopments on the individual and social life

DLR Joint Ventures Limited LiabilityCompany, Bonn 100.00%The focus of the founded-company, in2003, is to offer investment opportuni-ties to European economic stakeholderswithin the framework of the tasks setforth in the DLR bylaws. The companyhas interest holdings in the Europeanproject management agency EDCTP-EEIGand in AT-One EWIV, which was foundedin 2007 in order to promote and organi-ze cooperation between DLR and NLR inthe field of air traffic management.

German-Dutch Wind TunnelFoundation (DNW),Noordoostpolder/The Netherlands50.00%The foundation was established as a non-profit with equal shares held by its Dutchpartner organization NLR (www.nlr.nl). Itspurpose is the operation, maintenanceand further development of the founda-tion’s own low speed wind tunnel inNoordoostpolder as well as other DLRand NLR wind tunnels.(www.dnw.aero)

European Transonic wind tunnelGmbH (ETW), Cologne31.00%The European Transonic Wind Tunnel,ETW, developed and supported by theGermany, France, Great Britain, and theNetherlands is the most modern windtunnel in the world. New aircraft designsare tested and optimized as scaled downmodels in the ETW under simulated actual flight conditions. The newly obtained findings are vital to the successof the aircraft project.(www.etw.de)

78

Affiliates and joint ventures

of man and man’s natural environment.The main focus is on examining proces-ses that are influenced by natural andengineering scienes and the medical dis-ciplines. An independent scientific insti-tution, the Europäische Akademie pursu-es a dialogue with industry, culture,politics and society. The other sharehol-der is the Land of Rhineland-Pfalz.(www.europaeische-akademie-aw.de)

ZFB Zentrum für FlugsimulationBerlin GmbH, Berlin16.67%The company provides flight simulatorsfor applied research in flight guidance andflight procedures, system simulation andmanipulation and related technologies fortraining aerospace engineers and aircraftcrews.(www.zfb-berlin.de)

Innovationszentrum für Mobilitätund gesellschaftlichen Wandel(InnoZ) GmbH, Berlin9.80%InnoZ studies the complex interactionwhere mobile and changing societiesinterface and develops innovative solutionsfor newly created demands to stake-holders in transport and the infrastructuresector. InnoZ maintains an interdisciplinaryspectrum of competences: expertise insociology, geography, economy, andeconomic transport perspectives.(www.innoz.de)

ZTG Zentrum für Telematik imGesundheitswesen GmbH, Krefeld6.00%The purpose of this competence center is to introduce modern information andcommunication technologies into thehealth care sector, and to improve anddisseminate them. The main focus is onneutral consultation and project manage-ment for industry and health care clien-tele, implementation of inter-operativesolutions for integrated care and the pro-motion of knowledge transfers betweenthe health care, industry, science andpolicy sector.(www.ztg-nrw.de)

Geophysica EEIG in Liquidation,Florence, Italy5.10%The company holds a combination ofGerman and Italian research entities. Itmanaged and coordinated the Russianhigh-altitude research aircraft operation,M55-Geophysica and offered participa-ting European research facilities the useof the aircraft with research focus on theeffects of climate change and pollutionof the ozone layer. As planned, the con-tractual term of the company has cometo an end in January 2007. The companyis currently being liquidated. (www.geophysica-eeig.eu)

Facts & Figures

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80

Use of funds

Total Income in 2006

Total Euro 517 million All data in Euro million

Aeronautics

Transport

Other Income

Space

Energy

Space Agency

205155

34

39

351930

Project Management Agencies

Third-party funds by source Institutional funding*

Total Euro 255 million Total Euro 257 million All data in Euro million All data in Euro million

Foreign Business Enterprises

German Business Enterprises

Supranational Organizations

Other External Revenue

GermanGovernment

Institutions

ForeignGovernment

Institutions

32

111**

510

37*

60

* of these: ESA 19, EU 17, Others 1** of these: Project Management Agencies 47, National Government Institutions 47, Other German government R&D third-party funding 17

* without other income** The majority of start-up financing for the still-expanding transport area is not included here

Aeronautics

Space

Transport

Energy

112

10524**

16

Total income in 2006 (third-party funding and basic financing)

Third-party funds by source and institutional funding in 2006

Facts & Figures

81

Public funds for Space

Total Euro 892 million All data in Euro million

ESA and EUMETSAT

DLR R&D

National Program

626

158

108

German public funding forspace in 2006

Germany spent approx. Euro 892 millionin public funds for civilian space activitiesin 2006. About 70% of these fundswere German contributions to ESA(BMWi and BMVBS) and EUMETSAT,about 18% went to the national spaceprogram and 12% to R&D in DLR’s corearea of space.

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Advisory Council for Aeronautical Researchin Europe

German Airports Association

Administrative and technical infrastructureof DLR

Air Traffic Management

German Aerospace Industries Association

Berufsgenossenschaft

Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, SeniorCitizens, Women and Youth

Federal Ministry of Health

Federal Ministry for Environment, NatureConservation and Reactor Safety

Federal Ministry for Transport, Building andUrban Development

Federal Ministry for Economics andTechnology

Federal Office of Defense – Technology andProcurement

Chinese Aeronautical Establishment

Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas/Chemical Process Engineering ResearchInstitute

Computational Fluid Dynamics

carbon-fiber-reinforced platic

Chinese Helicopter Research andDevelopment Institute

Spanish Research Center for energy, environment and technology

ACARE

ADV

ATI

ATM

BDLI

BG

BMBF

BMFSFJ

BMG

BMU

BMVBS

BMWi

BWB

CAE

CERTH/CPERI

CFD

CFK

CHRDI

CIEMAT

CIRA

CNES

CONABIO

CONACyT

COPUOS

CRC-ACS

CSA

DFD

DFG

DFS

DGAC

DLR

DNW

DQS

EADS

ECTRI

EEA

EEF-Fonds

EFQM

EOS

ESA

ESTEC

EWIV

FAA

FRP

FuE

List of abbreviations

Italian Aerospace Research Center

Center National d’Etudes Spatiales

Comisión National para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad – The NationalCommission for the Kowledge and Use of Biodiversity

Consejo Nacional de Cienca y Tecnologia

United Nations Committee on the PeacefulUse of Outer Space

Cooperative Research Centre for AdvancedComposite Structures

Canadian Space Agency

German Remote Sensing Data Center

German Research Foundation

German Air Navigation Services

Direction Générale de L’Aviation Civile –french aeronautic agency


German-Dutch Wind Tunnels

German Registrar for Management Systems

European Aeronautic Defence and SpaceCompany

European Conference of TransportResearch Institutes

European Excellence Award

Helmholtz-Förderprogramm zurErleichterung von Existenzgründungen aus Forschungseinrichtungen – HelmholtzAssociation support programme to therelief of existence foundations out ofresearch facilies

European Foundation for QualityManagement

Earth observation system

European Space Agency

European Space Research and TechnologyCenter

European Economic Interest Grouping

Federal Aviation Administration

EU Research Framework Programme

Research and development

Imprint

Published by: DLR – Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.


Address Linder HoeheD-51147 Cologne

Editor Dr. Nicola RohnerCorporate Development and External Relations

Design CD Werbeagentur GmbH, Troisdorf

Printed by Druckerei Thierbach GmbH, Muelheim/Ruhr

on December 2007

Reporting period July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007

Data status December 31, 2006

Reproduction in whole or in part or anyother use is subject to prior permissionfrom the German Aerospace Center (DLR).

www.DLR.de

Facts & Figures > List of abbreviations

83

Society for Applied Remote Sensing

Group for Aeronautical Research andTechnology in Europe

German European Security Association e.V.

Research Centre Geesthacht GmbH

German space operations center

Global monitoring of environment and security

Global Navigation Satellite System

Global Positioning System

High definition television

Helmholtz Association of National Research Centers

International Astronautical Congress

IQNet Business Excellence Class

International Civil Aviation Organization

International Council of the AeronauticalSciences

International Council of Scientifitc Unions –World Data Center for Remote Sensing ofthe Atmosphere

International Energy Agency

Institute for Energy and EnvironmentalResearch, Heidelberg

Instituto Nacional Antártico Chileno

Brazilian space research institute

International space station

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Joint Committee meeting

Korea Aerospace Research Institute

Kennedy space Center

German Federal Aviation Administration

Laser communication terminal

Light detection and ranging

Large-Low-Speed Facility

Aeronautics Research Programme

Central European Summer Time

Memorandum of understanding

Max Planck Society

National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration

Dutch aerospace research institution

GAF

GARTEUR

GESA

GKSS

GSOC

GMES

GNSS

GPS

HDTV

HGF

IAC

IBEC

ICAO

ICAS

ICSU

IEA

IFEU

INACH

INPE

ISS

JAXA

JCM

KARI

KSC

LBA

LCT

LIDAR

LLF

LUFO

MESZ

MoU

MPG

NASA

NLR

NOAA

ONERA

PoF

PPP

PSA

PT

QM

ROSKOSMOS

RWTH Aachen

SAR

SESAR

SOLLAB

STREP

TU

TVöD

TWG

UFS

UN

VDI

WMO

WTR

National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration

Office National d’Etudes et de RecherchesAerospatiales

The Helmholtz Association Programme-oriented funding

Public Private Partnership

Plataforma Solar de Almería

Project management agency

Quality management

Russian space authority

University of Applied Sciences, Aachen,North Rhine-Westphalia

Synthetic aperture radar

Single European sky ATM research

Alliance of European Laboratories on SolarThermal Concentrating Systems

Specific Targeted Research Projects; application category under the EU RFP

Technical University

Collective agreement for the public service

Transsonischer wind tunnel Göttingen

Environmental Research StationSchneefernerhaus

United Nations

Association of German Engineers

World Meteorological Organization

DLR Scientific-Technical Council

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007DLR at a glance

DLR is Germany´s national research center for aeronautics andspace. Its extensive research and development work in Aeronautics,Space, Transportation and Energy is integrated into national andinternational cooperative ventures. As Germany´s space agency,DLR has been given responsibility for the forward planning and theimplementation of the German space program by the Germanfederal government as well as for the international representationof German interests. Furthermore, Germany’s largest project-management agency is also part of DLR.

Approximately 5,300 people are employed in DLR´s 28 institutesand facilities at nine locations in Germany: Koeln-Porz (headquar-ters), Berlin-Adlershof, Bonn-Oberkassel, Braunschweig, Bremen,Goettingen, Lampoldshausen, Oberpfaffenhofen, and Stuttgart.DLR also operates offices in Brussels, Paris, and Washington, D.C.

DLR’s mission comprises the exploration of the Earth and the SolarSystem, research for protecting the environment, for environmen-tally-compatible technologies, and for promoting mobility, commu-nication, and security. DLR’s research portfolio ranges from basicresearch to innovative applications and products of tomorrow. Inthat way DLR contributes the scientific and technical know-howthat it has gained to enhancing Germany’s industrial and technolo-gical reputation. DLR operates large-scale research facilities for DLR’sown projects and as a service provider for its clients and partners.It also promotes the next generation of scientists, provides compe-tent advisory services to government, and is a driving force in thelocal regions of its field centers.

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Corporate Development and External Relations

Linder HoeheD-51147 Cologne

www.DLR.de

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