REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDA MINISITERI Y’UMUTUNGO...
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REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDA MINISITERI Y’UMUTUNGO KAMERE AJENDA Y’AMASHYAMBA 2016
Transcript of REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDA MINISITERI Y’UMUTUNGO...
REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDA
MINISITERI Y’UMUTUNGO KAMERE
AJENDA Y’AMASHYAMBA 2016
UMWIRONDORO WA NYIRAYO
Amazina: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Umurenge: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Akarere: …………………………………………………………………………………............................................................
Intara: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Aho akora: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Icyo akora: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Telefoni y’akazi: …………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………
Imeri (E’mail): ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Telefoni igendanwa: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Ubwoko bw’amaraso: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Nimero y’indangamuntu: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Nimero ya pasiporo: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Nimero y’ubwishingizi……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
INDANGAMINSI 2016
MUTARAMA 2016
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MATA 2016
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NYAKANGA 2016
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GICURASI 2016
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KANAMA 2016
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UGUSHYINGO 2016
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WERURWE 2016
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KAMENA 2016
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NZERI 2016
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18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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UKUBOZA 2016
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GASHYANTARE 2016
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National Forest cover, 2013
AHANDIKWA IMYIRONDORO
Amazina Imeli (E’mail) Nimero za telefoni
Amazina Imeli (E’mail) Nimero za telefoni
INZEGO ZISHINZWE IBIKORWA BY’ AMASHYAMBA MU RWANDA
URUTONDE RW’ABAFATANYABIKORWA MU RWEGO RW’AMASHYAMBA MU RWANDA
No Ikigo Izina Agasanduku k’iposita website E’mail Telefoni
1 ACNR Association pour la Conservation de la Nature au Rwanda
P.O BOX 4290 Kigali-Rwanda
www.acnrwanda.org [email protected] 252580283
2 ADARWA Action pour Le Development de l, Artisanat au Rwanda
P.O BOX 4821 Kigali-Rwanda
www.adarwacooperative.com
[email protected] 0788303988
3 AfDB African Development Bank P.O BOX 7329 Kigali-Rwanda
www.afdb.org - 252504250
4 ARECO RWANDA NZIZA
Association Rwandaise des Ecologistes P.O BOX 3967 Kigali-Rwanda
www.arecorwandanziza.org
0788521732
5 BTC Belgium Technical Cooperation BP 6089,Kigali
www.btcctb.org [email protected] + 250 280 30 01 59
6 CARE INTERNATIONAL
Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
P.O BOX 550 Kigali-Rwanda www.care.org [email protected]. +250 583147
7 DUHAMIC Duharanire Amajyambere y'Icyaro P.O. Box1080 Kigali- Rwanda
www.duhamic.org.rw (250) 0788305329
8 EFECO Environment Forestry Enterprises Company P.O BOX 467 RUBAVU - - 0788305740/0788570031
9 EKN Embassy of the Kingdom Netherlands http://rwanda.nlembassy.org
[email protected] (+250) 280 280 281
10 Embassy of Sweden
Embassy of Sweden P.O Box 6387 Kigali http://swedenabroad.com/kigali
(+250) 252 59 74 00
11 EU European Union P.O BOX 515Kigali-Rwanda www.delrwa.ec.europa.eu
252585738
12 FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of United B.P. 1502, Kigali www.fao.org [email protected] -
No Ikigo Izina Agasanduku k’iposita website E’mail Telefoni
1 MINIRENA Ministry of Natural Resources P.O BOX 3502 Kigali-Rwanda www.minirena.gov.rw info@ minirena.gov.rw
+250 252582628
2 RNRA Rwanda Natural Resources Authority P.O BOX 433 Kigali-Rwanda www.rnra.rw [email protected] + 250 252580506
No Ikigo Izina Agasanduku k’iposita website E’mail Telefoni
Nations (FAO Representation in Rwanda )
13 HELPAGE P.O BOX 6682 Kigali-Rwanda
www.helpagecrgl.org [email protected]
503488
14 NIRDA National Industrial Research and Development Agency
P. O Box 227 Butare www.irst.ac.rw [email protected] 250530395
15 IUCN International Union f or Conservation of Nature
- www.iucn.org - -
16 JICA JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency P.O. Box 6878 Kacyiru http://www.jica.go.jp/rwanda
- -
17 MIG Multisector Investment Group P.O BOX 7421 Kigali-Rwanda
www.mig-rw.com 252588086
18 MINADEF Ministry of Defense P.O BOX 23 Kigali-Rwanda www.mod.gov.rw [email protected] 252577942
19 MINADEF/RF MINADEF/Reserve Force P. O Box 23 Kigali-Rwanda www.mod.gov.rw [email protected] 252577942
20 MINAGRI Ministry Of Agriculture and Animal Resources P.O.Box: 621 Kigali - Rwanda
www.minagri.gov.rw [email protected] +250 788434272
21 MINALOC Ministry of Local Government P.O BOX 3445Kigali-Rwanda
www.minaloc.gov.rw [email protected]
5387
22 MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic planning P.O BOX 158 Kigali-Rwanda www.minecofin.gov.rw [email protected] 252596007
23 MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure P.O BOX 24 Kigali-Rwanda www.mininfra.gov.rw/ [email protected] +250 252585503
24 NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda P. O Box 6139 Kigali-Rwanda
www.statistics.gov.rw/ [email protected] +250 252 571035
25 PSF private sector federation P.O BOX 319 Kigali-Rwanda
www.psf.org.rw [email protected] 252570650
26 RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board P. O Box 5016 Kigali-Rwanda
www.rab.gov.rw [email protected] 4675
27 RDB Rwanda Development Board P. O Box 6239 Kigali-Rwanda
www.rdb.rw [email protected]
28 RECOR Rwanda Environmental Conservation Organization
www.rwandaenvironment.org
255110575
29 REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority B.P 7436 Kacyiru http://www.rema.gov.rw
+250 252580101
30 RENGOF Rwanda Environmental NGOs Forum P.O BOX 6344 Kigali-Rwanda
www.rengof.org [email protected] +250 78844 9738
No Ikigo Izina Agasanduku k’iposita website E’mail Telefoni
31 RNP Rwanda National Police P. O Box 6304 Kigali-Rwanda
www.police.gov.rw/ [email protected] +250 788311155
32 RSSP/LWH Rural Sector Support /Land husbandary,Water harvesting and Hillside irrigation Project
P.O BOX 621 Kigali-Rwanda
www.minagri.gov.rw [email protected] 0788434272
33 Sida Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
PO Box 1271, 621 23 Visby, SWEDEN
- [email protected] 08 – 698 50 00
34 SPIU (PAPSTA-
KWAMP-PRICE)
- B.P: 7418 Kigali – Rwanda - [email protected]
(+250)788307522/ 55 11 67 16,
35 UNDP United Nations Development Program P.O BOX 445 Kigali-Rwanda www.rw.undp.org [email protected] 25290400
36 UR/CAVM University of Rwanda/CAVM P. O Box 210 Musanze www.isae.ac.rw [email protected] +2500255102938
37 VI agroforestry vi agroforestry P.O. Box 2911 Kigali- Rwanda
www.viagroforestry.org/projects/rwanda
rwanda @ viagroforestry.org
+250-788 304 868
38 WCS Wildlife Conservation Society Box 1699, Gasabo, Kigali - [email protected] 00 250 0788300483
39 FONERWA Rwanda: National Climate and Environment
Fund (FONERWA
B.P 7436 Kacyiru http://www.fonerwa.org
[email protected] +250252 580 769
40 World Bank - - www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda
[email protected] +250-591-300
IRIBURIRO
Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere inejejwe no gushyira ahagaragara ingingo z’ingenzi zifashishwa mu murimo wo kwita
no guteza imbere ibiti n’amashyamba. Izi ngingo zibumbiye muri iyi Agenda y’amashyamba mufite mu ntoki. Iyi
Agenda yateguwe hitawe ku mpinduka nyinshi kandi zihuse zigenda ziboneka mu mikoreshereze y’ubutaka,
amashyamba n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ni muri ubwo buryo igikorwa cyo kuvanga ibiti n’indi myaka byasobanuwe bihagije kuko aribwo buryo busigaye
abanyarwanda twakwongeramo umusaruro w’ibiti biduha akamaro n’ibikoresho binyuranye dukenera. Kuba u
Rwanda rugenda rurushaho guhindura imiturire nabyo byaratekerejwe. Ibiti byo mu mijyi biragenda birushaho kuba
ikintu cya buri munsi abanyarwanda duturana nacyo. Niyo mpamvu hatanzwe ibisobanuro ku buryo bwo kurinda no
gukoresha ibiti byo mu mujyi hitawe ku kugabanya impanuka no guteza imbere uburyoherajisho ibyo biti bitanga.
Ibisabwa mu gusarura ibiti n’amashyamba nabyo byahawe umwanya ukwiye muri iyi Agenda. Ibi byakorewe
kugirango abantu bakoresha ibiti n’amashyamba byaba iby’abantu ku giti cyabo, Akarere nangwa se amashyamba
ya Leta, igihe bashatse kubisarura bakabikoresha cyangwa bakabicuruza, basobanukirwe inzira bagomba
kunyuramo baka ibyangombwa bibemerera gusarura no gucuruza ibikomoka ku biti n’amashyamba.
Uburyo bwo kurondereza ibiti tubibyaza umusaruro mwinshi ushoboka mu gihe turimo kubihinduramo ibindi
bikoresho binyuranye dukenera nabwo bwarasobanuwe. Kugabanya ibihombo mu gutema ibiti, kubitenduramo
ingere, kubicamo amakara no kubaza imbaho bituma tuzigama ibiti byinshi. Imikoreshereze y’ibiti n’amashyamba
iragenda itera imbere ari nako ibikoresho bya kijyambere nabyo bigenda biboneka, bikanoroshya uburyo bwo
kugabanya ibitakara dusarura amashyamba. Ibikoresho bibereye nabyo byarasobanuwe.
Uko igihugu gitera imbere ni nako imikoreshereze y’amashyamba nayo ihinduka kuko ibiyakenerwaho nabyo
bihinduka. Ubu mu Rwanda dusigaye twikorera ibiti by’amashanyarazi(electric transmission poles/poteaux
electriques) tukanabigemura mu karere dutuyemo. Abafite amashyamba basobanuriwe ingero z’ibiti
by’amashanyarazi nkuko zisabwa n’ibigo binyuranye byo mu karere (REG mu Rwanda, Umeme muri Uganda na
Kenya Lighting Company) bikaba bizaborohereza kumenya uko barera ibiti byabo berekeza kubisabwa n’isoko ryo
mu karere.
Ibi byavuzwe byose haruguru murabisanga muri iyi Agenda bisobanuwe bihagije biciwe mo imitwe ikurikira:
1. Amwe mu moko y’ibiti aboneka mu Rwanda
2. Akamaro k’ibiti n’amashyamba
3. Gutera no gufata neza ibiti n’amashyamba
4. Kubyaza no kwongerera agaciro umusarurow’ibikomoka ku biti n’amashyamba.
IGENAGACIRO RY’IMIRIMO YO GUTEGURA INGEMWE, GUTERA NO GUSAZURA AMASHYAMBA
1. GUTEGURA INGEMWE Z’IBITI BIVANGWA N’IMYAKA (Urugero rw’ingemwe ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000 SEEDLINGS)
Igikorwa Igipimo Ingano Igiciro fatizo Igiciro cyose
Gutegura pepiniyeri
Gushyiraho icyapa Ff 1 50 000 50,000
Gukodesha ahazashyirwa pepiniyeri ha Ff 38,300 38 300
Gutegura imitabo Are 3.75 4000 15 000
Kubaka no gitwikira imitabo Umutabo 20 26500 530 000
Kubiba no gusasira umubyizi 8 1300 10 400
Kugura ibyatsi umuba 4 1300 5200
Umuti urwanya indwara (Dithane) kg 0.5 2800 1400
Gupakira ibihoho Igihoho 50 000 4 200 000
Gutera mu bihoho Urugemwe 50 000 5 250 000
Kuhira, kumenera no kubagara Urugemwe 50 000 4 150 000
Grading (kurobanura) Ingemwe 50 000 2 100 000
Ibihoho Kg 85 3500 297 500
Calliandra Kg 1 14400 14 400
Senna spectabilis Kg 1 3960 3 960
Grevillea Kg 1 25000 25000
Markhamia Kg 1 3840 3 840
Cedrella Kg 1 10000 10 000
Igitabo cyo kwandikamo Pce 1 1500 1 500
Ifumbire Fuso 0.3 45000 13 500
Ingorofani( Shillington) Pce 1 45000*0.5 22 500
Arrosoir Pce 6 2500*0.5 7 500
Total
1 750 000
cost/Seedling 35
2. Gutera kubutaka bushyashya( urugero rwa ha 100)
Igikorwa Igipimo Ingano Igiciro fatizo Igiciro cyose
ingemwe uregemwe 160,000 35 5,600,000
Sign post Ff 1 300000 300 000
Gutema ibihuru ha 100 10000 1 000 000
Gushinga imambo ha 1600 7.5 12000
Gucukura imirwanyasuri umurwanyasuri 20,000 300 6,000,000
Gucukura imyobo yo guteramo Umwobo 160 000 30 4 800 000
Gutunda ingemwe Urugemwe 160 000 12.5 2 000 000
Gutera Urugemwe 160 000 12.5 2 000 000
Gusimbuza ibyangiritse (30%) Urugemwe 48 000 12.5 600 000
Kumenera Igiti 160 000 12.5 2 000 000
Gutema ibihuru hose, ukuyemo ahari igiti
Ha 40
10000 400 000
Kubirinda/ suivi (12 mois) Ha 100 40000 4,000,000
Kurwanya imiswa Urugemwe 160 000 5.05 808 000
S/TOTAL
29 520 000
Cost/ha 295 200
3. Gusazura: (urugero rwa ha 100)
Ikitonderwa:
- Ingemwe zitegurwa ni iziterwa kuri ha hiyongeyeho ijanisha rya 30% z’izizapfa mu gutwara no gutera.
- Hari imirimo imwe ikorwa n’indi idakorwa bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ibiti cyangwa ikigamijwe.
Igikorwa Igipimo Ingano Igiciro fatizo Igiciro cyose
ingemwe uregemwe 160,000 38 5 600 000
Sign post Ff 1 300000 300 000
Gutema ibihuru ha 100 10000 1 000 000
Kurandura ibishyitsi ha 100 300,000 30,000,000
Gushinga imambo ha 1600 7.5 12000
Gucukura imirwanyasuri umurwanyasuri 20,000 300 6,000,000
Gucukura imyobo yo guteramo Umwobo 160 000 30 4 800 000
Gutunda ingemwe Urugemwe 160 000 12.5 2 000 000
Gutera Urugemwe 160 000 12.5 2 000 000
Gusimbuza ibyangiritse (30%) Urugemwe 48 000 12.5 600 000
Kumenera Igiti 160 000 12.5 2 000 000
Gutema ibihuru hose, ukuyemo ahari igiti
Ha 40
10000 400 000
Kubirinda/ suivi (12 mois) Ha 100 40000 4,000,000
Kurwanya imiswa Urugemwe 160 000 5.05 808 000
S/TOTAL
59 520 000
Cost/ha 595 200
1. AMWE MU MOKO Y’IBITI ATERWA MU RWANDA
1.1. Ubwoko bw’ibiti by’amashyamba
Ubwoko Izina Inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto ku kiro 1
Ibyo ikenera Uko iterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Umusaruro Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
Inturusu
Eucalyptus grandis
Ositarariya Uturere twose tw’igihugu ariko ikura cyane mu misozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba, amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo
148 000 -Imvura iri hagati ya mm 1000 na 1500 -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 12 na 26 -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 0 na metero 1200.
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi: m 2,5 x 2,5
Umusaruro wiyongeraho 35m3 kuri ha imwe buri myaka 13
ibiti byiza byo kubaka no kubaza,
Ibiti bikiri bito byangizwa n’imiswa n’udusimba two mu butaka nka melolontusi, kugirango hirindwe utwo dukoko ni ngombwa gutera mu butaka umuti witwa Durisiba mbere yo gutera ingemwe. Ibihuru birazangiza cyane mu myaka 2 kugera kuri 3 ya mbere
Eucalyptus saligna
Ositarariya Uturere twose tw’igihugu ariko ikura cyane mu misozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba, amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo
102 200 - Imvura iri hagati ya mm 1000 na 1500 -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 12 na 260C -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 0 na metero 1200.
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi: m 2,5 x 2,5
Umusaruro wiyongeraho 27m3 kuri ha imwe mu myaka 14
ibiti byiza byo kubaka, kubaza, no gucana
Eucalyptus globulus
Ositarariya Mu gihugu hose uretse mu Mayaga, Bugesera no mu bibaya n’ibitwa by’iburasirazuba
132 900 -Imvura iva kuri mm 750 kugera kuri 1500 mu mwaka; - ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buri hagati ya dogere 21 kugeza 25; -Ubutumburuke bwa m 200-1000
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi: m 2,5 x 2,5
Umusaruro wiyongeraho 26 m3 kuri hegitari 1 mu mu myaka 14
Itanga inkwi, ivamo impapuro n’inkingi z’amashanyarazi, itanga ibiti byo kubaka no gukoramo amakara. Amababi yayo avamo amavuta akorwamo imiti
Udukoko twangiza inturusu ya mayideni twavuga nka Penicillium sp.na Fusarium sp.
Eucalyptus Microcorys
Afurika y’epfo
Imisozi yo mu Turere twa Rusizi
117 100 -Imvura iri hagati ya
Intera hagati y’urugemwe
umusaruro wiyongeraho
Itanga inkwi, ndetse ikavamo
ubu bwoko
Ubwoko Izina Inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto ku kiro 1
Ibyo ikenera Uko iterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Umusaruro Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
na Nyamasheke ahitwaga mu mpala ku butaka bw’igishonyi no mu ruhererekane rw’imisozi miremire y’u Budaha, Ndiza n’u Buberuka
mm 900 na mm 1500 -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 5 na 30oC. Ikura neza cyane ku butaka bufite ifumbire iringaniye kandi butose.
n’urundi: m 2,5 x 2,5.
metero kibe 37 ku mwaka nyuma y’imyaka 12 iyo itewe mu butaka bwiza
n’ibikoresho binyuranye. Igira urubaho rukomeye, rushobora kuvamo ibikoresho bikomeye kandi rwuma vuba.
w’inturusu mu Rwanda bukunda kwibasirwa n’umuswa.
Eucalyptus tereticornis
Ositarariya Mu gihugu hose uretse mu misozi miremire ya Cyangugu, imisozi miremire y’ Ubudaha, Ndiza n’Ububeruka n’imisozi miremire y’amakoro
168 000 -Imvura iri hagati ya mm 500 na mm 1500 ku mwaka; -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 22 na 32oC -Ubutaka bufite ubujya kuzimu burebure, bufite amazi ahagije, kandi bufite ubusharire budakabije.
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi: m 2,5 x 2,5
Itanga 30,5m3 kuri ha 1 imaze imyaka itatu n’amezi arindwi naho ku butaka bubi itanga 17,4 m3kuri ha imaze imyaka 23 n’amezi11.
Igira urubaho rujya gutukura, rukomeye ruvamo ibikoresho biramba. Ikoreshwa nk’igiti cyo kubaka cyangwa nk’umushingiriro kandi igatanga inkwi zo gucana.
Ishobora kwibasirwa n’umuswa iyo ikimara guterwa mu gihe hatifashishijwe umuti wa Durisiba mbere yo gutera.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Ositarariya 180 000 -Imvura iri hagati ya mm 225 na mm 1538; -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere seresiyusi 13 na 28. -Ubutaka burimo ibumba.
Iterwa ku buryo bw’ishyamba ku bucucike bwa m 2,5 x m 2,5
Ku butaka bwiza itanga metero kibe 18.9 kuri hegitari imaze imyaka ine n’amezi ane.
Ikoreshwa mu kubaka, nk’ibiti by’amashanyarazi ndetse n’igiti cyo gucana ahantu henshi.
Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umuswa ni nayo mpamvu ariyo ikunzwe cyane mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda.
Pinusi Pinus patula Megizike Intara y’iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru no mu majyepfo
56 600 -Imvura igera kuri mm 1000 mu mwaka, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1750 ; -Ubushyuhe bwa degere serisiyusi
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi: m 2,5 x 2,5
Itanga umusaruro wa metero kibe 27 kuri hegitari mu mwaka. Ishyamba
Igira imbaho zidasaduka iyo zitobowe. Ivamo impapuro.
Itinya umuriro, imiyaga ikabije ubushyuhe bukabije bwatewe n’ibihe by’izuba byamaze igihe kirekire.
Ubwoko Izina Inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto ku kiro 1
Ibyo ikenera Uko iterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Umusaruro Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
20. -Ubutaka bworoshye kandi burebure bufumbiye burimo ibumba riringaniye kandi butabika amazi.
rihindurwa mu myaka 20
Ubuhehere bukabije kandi bwangiza ubwiza bw’ imbaho zimaze kubazwa iyo zitumishijwe neza.
Pinus oocarpa Megizike, Amerika yo hagati na Nikaragwa
Intara y’iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru no mu majyepfo
24 900. Ikura neza ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 400 na na metero 2500.
Iyo batera ingemwe basiga intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ya m 2,50x m 2,50.
- Ikoreshwa mu bubaji.
-
Sipuri Cupressus lusitanica
Amerika yo hagati
Intara y’iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru no mu majyepfo
80 000 -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 900 na 3000; -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya degree 20 na 30. -Imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 1 000 na 2 000.
Ingemwe za Sipuri ziterwa ku ntera ya 2,0 m kuri 2,0 m
Umusaruro ushobora kuboneka ni m3 18,4 kuri ha.
Ikoreshwa mu bubaji, ubwubatsi, mu. kuzitira ingo. Igishishwa cyayo gikoreshwa mu buvuzi, ikoreshwa kandi mu kurwanya udusimba.
Abavumvu bakuraho ibishishwa bigatuma igiti cyuma. agasimba kitwa sinara kuperesi (Cinara cupressii), kangiza igiti kikuma
Kalitirisi Callitris spp Ositarariya, Uturere twose tugize intara y’uburasirazuba no mu bitwa byo hagati mu majyepfo
70 000-154 000
-Imvura iri hagati ya mm 1000 na mm 1500 ku mwaka. -Ubutaka bw’inombe ariko buhitisha amazi
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi: m 1,8 kuri m 1,8.
- Kalitirisi zitanga ibiti by’amapoto y’insinga z’amashanyarazi n’imbaho.
Zihanganira imiswa
Akasiya Acacia melanoxylon
Ositarariya Uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’Ubufundu n’ Ubushiru no mu misozi miremire
27 300. -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 500 na 1 000 .
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi ni 2.5m kuri 2.5m
- Ububaji, ubwubatsi, inkwi n’amakara byo gucana ndetse no gukora
Iki giti hari igihe cyibasirwa n’udusimba duto ndetse n’imiswa.
Ubwoko Izina Inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto ku kiro 1
Ibyo ikenera Uko iterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Umusaruro Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
y’Ubudaha Ndiza n’Ububeruka
ibikoresho by’umuziki n’ibindi bitandukanye.
Barakatsi Acacia mearnsii
Ositaraliya Ibitwa by’iburasirazuba , uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’Ubufundu n’ Ubushiru no mu misozi miremire y’Ubudaha Ndiza n’Ububeruka
28 800 Ikunda imvura iri hagati ya mm 500 na mm 700, n’ ubutaka buhehereye.
Intera hagati y’urugemwe n’urundi ni metero 2.5 kuri 2.5
Umusaruro uri hagati ya metero kibe
10 na 25 kuri hegitari
Itanga inkwi n’amakara akomeye. N’igiti gikundwa n’abavumvu kuko kiri mu bivamo ubuki bwinshi.
Barakatsi ikunda kwibasirwa n’udusimba ndetse n’ibyonnyi cyane iyo yatewe ahantu hakonje
1.2. Ubwoko bw’ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka
Ubwoko Izina inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto mu kiro 1
Ibyo zikenera Uko zitegurwa, uko ziterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
Akurokaripusi Acrocarpus flaxinifolius
Ubuhinde Bangladesh, Sikkim, Birmaniya, Thailande na Sumatra
Uturere twose tugize intara y’uburasirazuba no mu bitwa byo hagati mu majyepfo
15 300 -Imvura iri hagati ya mm 1000 na 1600; -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 19 na 280C; -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya 0 na 1800m
Umurama ubanza kwinikwa mu mazi ashyushye iminota 15, nyuma ugashyirwa mu mazi akonje amasaha 12 mbere yo kuwinaza. Ugira ubushobozi bwo kumera bugera kuri 95% iyo ukimara gusarurwa
Inkwi zo gucana, isaso, gufata imikingo, gutanga igicucu, igiti cy’umutako, inkingi n’amakumbo, kubaka amazu kubazwamo amato, amasanduku, ububaji busanzwe
Akurokaripusi ntizikunze kurwara ariko iyo zikiri ntoya zishobora kwangizwa n’ imiswa cyane
Umusebeya Albizia gummifera
Muri Afurika yegereye umurongo wa koma.
Hose mu gihugu uretse mu Bugarama, mu misozi miremire ya cyangugu,
- -ubutaka buhitisha amazi neza , buhehereye bwo hejuru, mu mabanga y’imisozi no mu mibande.; -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 1500 kugeza kuri m 2200
Kwinaza umurama ukimara gusarurwa ni ngombwa kugirango uzamere. Imbuto zayo zirimeza hasi mu murima.
Amasanduku, imihini, inkwi n’amakara. kuribwa n’amatungo, isaso, igicucu, indabo zitanga ubuki. , gifata ubutaka, igiti cy’umutako
Umusebeya ugira igiti kidakomera cyane iyo gihuye n’itaka cyangwa amazi kandi cyangizwa n’udusimba n’uduhumyo.
Alinusi Alnus acuminata
Amerika y’epfo Uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’Ubufundu n’ Ubushiru no mu misozi miremire y’Ubudaha Ndiza n’Ububeruka no mu butaka bw’amakoro
1 400 000
-Imvura iri hagati ya mm 1000 na 3000; -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 4 na 270C; -Ubutaka bwiza kandi burebure, -Ubutumburuke bwo hagati ya m 1000 na 3500.
Iterwa nk’ishyamba cyangwa ikabangikanywa n’imyaka. Iyo ikiri ntoya ikenera kubagarirwa no gukonorerwa. Iyo amashami abaye menshi irakonorerwa kugira ngo atabangamira
Itanga inkwi zo gucana, ,igicucu ku bihingwa bigikenera,ivamo impapuro ndetse n’amapoto y’amashanyarazi. Ifasha mu kurwanya isuri kandi ifata umwuka wa Azote
kugeza ubu nta burwayi cyangwa ibyonnyi by’ Alinusi biragaragara
Ubwoko Izina inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto mu kiro 1
Ibyo zikenera Uko zitegurwa, uko ziterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
ibihingwa.
Alnus nepalensis
Himalaya na Birmani, mu misozi yo mu Bushinwa
Hose mu gihugu uretse mu Bugarama, mu misozi miremire ya cyangugu, Uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’Ubufundu n’ Ubushiru no mu misozi miremire y’Ubudaha Ndiza n’Ububeruka no mu butaka bw’amakoro
ingemwe 1 400 000.
-Ubutumburuke m 900 - 3000,
-Ubushyuhe 13oC - 26oC, n’imvura mm 500 - mm 2500 ku mwaka.
Umurama ugira ubushobozi bwo kumera bwa 70% kugeza ku byumweru 4 – 6 imbuto zisaruwe. Umurama ugomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje , hafite ubukonje bwa 1 – 5oC.
Ububaji, mu bwubatsi bworoheje , ibicanwa. ubwatsi bw’amatungo . gufata imikingo, irumbura ubutaka itanga igicucu mu nzuri
Igira igihimba gikunda kuribwa n’udusimba twa borer kandi ikunda kwangizwa n’umuyaga.
Umunyegenyege Sesbania sesban
Misiri Inkengero z’ikiyaga cya kivu, Bugarama, ibitwa byo hagati, Mayaga no mu turere twose tugize intara y’uburasirazuba
49 045 -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 300 na 1200, -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 10 na 45oC, -Imvura Ingana na mm 350 kugeza ku 1000, -Ubutaka bubamo amazi igihe kirekire.
Ikunda kwimeza,umurama wayo ushobora kwinazwa mu murima aho ingemwe zihita zikurira.Ubushobozi bwo kumera bugera kuri 95% iyo umurama ukimara gusarurwa.
Inkwi,kurinda isuri,wongera azote mu butaka, inzuki ziwuhovaho. Imbuto zawo zishobora kuribwa, uzitizwa ku ngo cyangwa ugakoreshwa nk’imihembezo ku bihingwa birandaranda. ukoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo.
Nta burwayi cyangwa ibyonnyi by’iminyeganyege bizwi kugeza ubu
Kaliyandara Calliandra calothyrsus
Amerika yo hagati Hose mu gihugu uretse mu isunzu ry’imisozi ya
14 400 -Ubutumburuke bugera kuri metero 1900, -Ubushyuhe buri
Umurama ni byiza kuwinika mu mazi abira yakuwe ku ziko apfunduye,
Itanga inkwi, irinda isuri,yongera azote mu butaka, Amababi yayo agaburirwa
yangizwa n’udukoko turya indabo, bigatuma umusaruro
Ubwoko Izina inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto mu kiro 1
Ibyo zikenera Uko zitegurwa, uko ziterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
Congo-Nil hagati ya degere serisiyusi 18 na 30.
-Imvura iri iva kuri milimetero 350 kugeza ku 1000.
hanyuma ukawupfundikiriramo mu gihe cy’amasaha 24. Nyuma, uwukuramo ukawunyuguza mu mazi meza. Imera kugera kuri 70%
amatungo. Ikoreshwa nk’imihembezo ku bihingwa birandaranda.
w’umurama ugabanuka, igiti hari igihe cyangizwa n’intozi.
Gereveliya Grevillea Robusta
Ositalariya Mu Turere twose tw’ igihugu
30 500 -Imvura iri hagati ya mm 700 na 1500.
-Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 6 na 280C
-Ubutumburuke bwo hagati ya m 0 na 3000
Kugira ngo umurama umere vuba, uwanika ku zuba amasaha make mbere yo kuwinaza. Kwinaza umurama mu gihe cy’imvura ntabwo ari byiza. Umurama umera kugera kuri 65%.
Itanga inkwi zo gucana,imbaho,isaso y’ibihingwa,igicucu ku bihingwa bigikeneye kandi igakumira umuyaga
Kugeza ubu nta ndwara n’ibyonnyi bikunze kugaragara kuri Gereveriya mu Rwanda
Sederela Cedrella serrata
Aziya Mu turere twose tw’igihugu uretse mu misozi miremire ya Cyangugu no mu isuzu rya Congo- Nil
104 100 -Imvura iri hagati ya mm 800 na 2500;
-Ubutaka burebure,buhehereye kandi buhitisha amazi;
-Ubutumburuke bwo hagati ya m 0 na 2500.
Irimeza cyane iruhande rw’igiti kandi iranashibuka. Umurama ufite ubushobozi bwo kumera bugera kuri 80% iyo ugisarurwa.
Ububaji, ubwubatsi bw’imbere, inkingi n’amakumbo, inkwi, isaso, , gufata imikingo, umutako
Yangizwa n’uduhumyo twa Armillaria mellea. irandurwa n’umuyaga kubera ko igira imizi iri hejuru iribwa n’inkende kandi ibiti byayo bivunika ubusa iyo bikiri bito.
Gasiya Senna spectabilis
Amerika yo hagati Uturere twose tugize intara y’uburasirazuba no mu bitwa byo hagati mu
26 400 -Imvura iri hejuru ya mm 1000
-Ubutaka burebure buhehereye kandi
Umurama winikwa mu mazi abira yavuye ku ziko apfunduye, hanyuma
Itanga inkwi zo gucana ,ubwatsi bw’amatungo, ,isaso y’ibihingwa,ifumbire y’imborera
Ifatwa n’uduhumyo n’udusimba, ariko
Ubwoko Izina inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda
Umubare w’imbuto mu kiro 1
Ibyo zikenera Uko zitegurwa, uko ziterwa n’uko zikorerwa
Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
majyepfo buhitisha amazi;
-Ubutumburuke bwo hagati ya m 0 na 1800
ugapfundikirirwamo mu gihe cy’amasaha 24. Nyuma, umurama uwukuramo ukawunyuguza mu mazi meza
yanaterwa nk’igiti cy’umutako
ikaba ifatwa buhoro uyigereranyije na Senna siamea
Umusave Markhamia lutea
Afurika yo hagati n’iy’uburasirazuba
Mu gihugu hose uretse mu misozi ikoze isunzu rya Congo- Nil, imisozi miremire y’Ubufundu n’Ubushiru n’ uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’ubudaha, Ndiza n’Ububeruka
15 800 -Ubutaka bwiza cyangwa bufite ifumbire iringaniye, kandi burebure
-ubutumburuke buri hagati ya 1300-1500 m
Yimeza mu ntabire cyangwa mu murima uraye hafi yahari igiti cyayo. Ubushobozi bwo kumera burenga 80% ku murama bakimara gusarura
Inkwi, imbaho, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, inkingi, n’imihembezo, umutako, indabo zivamo ubuki, isaso, amababi n’imizi yayo avamo imiti y’indwara
Mu Rwanda, kugeza ubu nta burwayi cyangwa ibyonnyi by’ imisave bizwi.
1.3. Ubwoko bw’ibiti by’imitako
ubwoko Izina inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda Umubare w’imbuto ku kiro 1
Ibyo ikenera Uko iterwa n’uko ikorerwa
Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
Sipatodeya Spathodea campanulata
- Mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu, Mu bitwa byo mu majyepfo,mu ruhererekane rw’imisozi y’urubuye,mu bitwa bya Bumbogo na Buriza no mu turere twose tw’intara y’uburasirazuba
150 000 -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1 000 na 1 700, cyihanganira kandi igihe kirekire cy’izuba (Amapfa).
Sipatodeya iterwa hakoreshejwe guhumbika imbuto zikagemurirwa muri pepiniyeri; ingemwe zameze ahandi hantu nko mw’ishyamba nazo zishobora kugemurwa zigaterwa iyo ari nziza
igiti cy’umutako kinakoreshwa mu mirimo itandukanye (kubaka, kubaza, n’ibindi), igishishwa cyacyo gikoreshwa mu buvuzi.
Mu Rwanda nta burwayi cyangwa ibyonnyi bya sipatodeya bizwi kugeza ubu
Arokariya Araucaria sp.) Bureziri Bugarama ,inkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu,ibitwa byo mu majyepfo,uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’urubuye,ibitwa bya Bumbogo na Buriza,ibitwa byo mu burasirazuba, Bugesera, Mayaga, Mutara n’ibibaya by’uburasirazuba
50-3000 -Imvura imvura iri hagati ya mm 1300 – mm1500.; -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 800 na 1200. -Ubutaka burebure kandi bukamuye neza
Arokariya iyo zitewe zifata bigoranye kubera ko imizi yayo yinjira mu mu kuzimu itihanganira gukomeretswa mu gihe bari kurandura ingemwe. Gukonora ni ngombwa ariko bikorwa ari uko igiti kigeze ku myaka 8.
Arokariya iterwa nk’ibiti by’umutako ku mihanda no hafi y’amazu yo guturwamo. Iki giti kibazwamo imbaho kandi kinakoreshwa mu bugeni.
Nta burwayi cyangwa ibyonnyi byagaragajwe ko byangiza Arokariya
ubwoko Izina inkomoko Aho iterwa mu Rwanda Umubare w’imbuto ku kiro 1
Ibyo ikenera Uko iterwa n’uko ikorerwa
Akamaro Indwara n’ibyonnyi
Teriminaliya Terminalia mantaly
Madagasikari.
Bugarama ,inkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu,ibitwa byo mu majyepfo,uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’urubuye,ibitwa bya Bumbogo na Buriza,ibitwa byo mu burasirazuba, Bugesera, Mayaga, Mutara n’ibibaya by’uburasirazuba
2 600 -Ubutumburuke bwa metero 2 000.
Haterwa ingemwe zateguriwe muri pepiniyeri cyangwa izimejeje.
Ni igiti cy’umurimbo kandi gitanga igicucu.
Nta burwayi n’ibyonnyi byagaragaye kuri iki giti.
Jakaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia
Amerika y’amajyepfo
Bugarama ,inkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu,ibitwa byo mu majyepfo,uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’urubuye,ibitwa bya Bumbogo na Buriza,ibitwa byo mu burasirazuba, Bugesera, Mayaga, Mutara n’ibibaya by’uburasirazuba
77 000 -Ubutumburuke
bwa metero 1900, -Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya degere serisiyusi 8 na 34, -Imvura ingana na milimetero 650 kugeza ku 1800;
Umurama ugira ubushobozi bwo kumera bugera kuri 100 % iyo ukimara gusarurwa na 85% ku murama umaze imyaka 2 usaruwe.
Itanga inkwi zo gucana, imbaho, ikumira umuyaga, ndetse ishobora guterwa nk’igiti cy’umutako mu busitani no ku mihanda yo mu migi.
Nta burwayi n’ibyonnyi byagaragaye kuri iki giti.
Hari andi moko tubona hirya no hino mu Rwanda , agaragara ko yitwara neza , ariko atarakoreweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ashobora guterwa , ariko afatwa nk’akiri mu igeragezwa. Ayo moko ni aya : Delonix regia, Brachychitson acerifolia, Thuya orientalis, Palmier royal, Palmier washington
2. GUTERA NO GUFATA NEZA IBITI N’AMASHYAMBA
2.1. Gutegura ingemwe
2.1.1. Gushaka umurama
Igihe ushatse gutera ishyamba kandi ushaka kwitegurira ingemwe zo kuzatera, ni byiza ko ugisha inama
umunyamashyamba ukuri hafi. Ikigo cy’Imbuto z’Ibiti kibarizwa i Ruhande, mu Karere ka Huye ni cyo cyonyine
cyahawe inshingano zo gukwirakwiza imbuto z’indobanure, zakorewe ubushakashatsi ndetse no gutanga ubumenyi
bwo kuzitera mu Rwanda. Icyo kigo cyateguye amabwiriza yerekeranye n’uburyo bwo kugura umurama. Buri kilo
cy’umurama kuri buri bwoko bw’ibiti cyahawe ikiguzi. Ushaka umurama agomba kumenya umubare w’ingemwe z’ibiti
yifuza gutera, noneho akagura umurama uhwanye nazo. Impapuro zitumiza umurama zohererezwa Ikigo cy’imbuto
z’ibiti zerekana umubare w’ingemwe ushaka ingemwe akeneye kuzinaza harenzeho 10% z’ingemwe zishobora
kutazaba nziza. Buri bwoko bw’umurama bupfunyikwa ku buryo butandukanye muri buri bwoko hagashyirwamo
agapapuro kerekana ibigomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo uwo murama ukoreshwe neza.
LISITI Y’IBICIRO BY’UMURAMA W’IBITI
Amoko y’ibiti Ingemwe zimera mu
kiro
Igiciro FRW/Inkomoko
Mu gihugu Hanze
1 Aberia caffra - 8 560 -
2 Acacia farmesiana - - 11 030
Acacia hockii - 6 960 -
3 Acacia mearnsii (Black wattle) 28 800 8 000 -
4 Acacia melanoxylon 27 300 15 880 25 900
5 Acacia podolyrifolia - 2 900 -
6 Acacia sieberana 3 000 3 000 -
7 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius 15 300 3 260 4000
8 Albizia chinensis 3 000 6 960 -
9 Albizia gummifera - 6 960 -
10 Alnus acuminata 1 400 000 43 520 -
11 Alnus nepalensis 1 400 000 29 460 58920
12 Araucaria brasiliana - 3 300 -
13 Araucaria cunninghamiana
(sauvageons)
2 000 3 000 -
14 Caesalpinia decapitala - 2 620 -
15 Cajanus cajan - 2 620 -
16 Calliandra calotyhrsus 14 400 12 420 29680
17 Callitris endlisheri 40 000 8 000 -
18 Callitris preissi 60 000 8 000 -
19 Carapa grandiflora - 2 280 -
20 Casuarina cunninghamiana 1 400 000 12 420 -
21 Casuarina equisetifolia 360 000 12 420 -
22 Casuarina mantana 1 000 000 12 420 -
23 Casuarina suberosa 1 000 000 12 420 -
24 Cedrela serrata 104 100 10 000 -
Amoko y’ibiti Ingemwe zimera mu
kiro
Igiciro FRW/Inkomoko
Mu gihugu Hanze
25 Chamaecytisus palmensis 39 000 33 000 -
26 Crotalaria N0 3 - 4 000 -
27 Croton macrostachys - 6 960 -
28 Croton megalocarpus - 6 960 -
29 Cupressus lusitanica 80 000 3 960 24660
30 Cupressus sempervirens - 10 240 12000
31 Cupressus spp. - 3 960 -
32 Desmodium 80 000 12 420 -
33 Entada abyssinica 3 000 6 960 -
34 Entandrophragma excelsum 1 000 25 000 -
35 Eucalyptus calophylla - 7 000 -
36 Eucalyptus camaldulensis 180 000 7 000 27800
37 Eucalyptus camaldurensis (pro.
Pteford)
- - 77158
38 Eucalyptus cinera - 7 000 -
39 Eucalyptus ficifolia - 7 000 -
40 Eucalyptus globules (var. maiden) 132 900 7 000 -
41 Eucalyptus grandis 148 800 7 000 27800
42 Eucalyptus maculate 186 000 7 000 -
43 Eucalyptus microcorys 117 100 7 000 -
44 Eucalyptus paniculata 148 000 7 000 -
45 Eucalyptus saligna 102 200 7 000 27800
46 Eucalyptus sideroxylon 174 000 7 000 31640
47 Eucalyptus spp - 7 000 -
48 Eucalyptus tereticornis 168 000 7 000 28800
49 Faidherbia albida - - 36000
50 Gliricidia sepium - - 44860
51 Grevillea robusta 30 500 25 000 -
52 Jacaranda mimosaefolia 77 000 12 240 -
53 Leucaena diversifolia 16 300 5 240 15440
54 Leucaena trichandra 40 000 5 240 -
55 Maesopsis eminii 300 1 280 -
56 Markhamia plaricalyx 15 800 3 840 -
57 Milletia laurentii - 10 000 -
58 Mimosa scabrella 64 000 33 000 66 000
59 Mucuna pruriensis 1 000 2 620 -
60 Moringa oleifera 4 000 15 000 25 000
61 Pinus caribaea - 38 000 65 780
62 Pinus caribaea (var. hondurensis) 32 000 38 000 40 200
63 Pinus eliottii (var. elliottii) 13 400 38 000 20 280
64 Pinus kesiya 26 400 38 000 65 560
65 Pinus oocarpa (var. ochoterania) 24 900 38 000 39 920
Amoko y’ibiti Ingemwe zimera mu
kiro
Igiciro FRW/Inkomoko
Mu gihugu Hanze
66 Pinus patula 56 600 38 000 46 930
67 Pinus pseudostrobus - 38 000 90 550
68 Pinus radiata 40 100 38000 18 320
69 Pithecellobium dulce - - 20 250
70 Podocarpus usambarensis 70 2 280 -
71 Polysias fulva 1 000 8 000 -
72 Robinia pseudocacia - - 4 980
73 Samanca saman - - 20 250
74 Senna siamea 17 200 8 000 -
75 Senna spectabilis 26 400 3 960 -
76 Sesbania aculeata - - 16 740
77 Sesbania grandiflora - - 23 800
78 Sesbania sesban 49 045 2 620 -
79 Spathodea campanulata - 43 520 -
80 Tecoma stans 12 420 - -
81 Tephrosia vogelii 28 000 3 000 -
82 Terminalia menthalii 2600 10 600 -
83 Tetraclinis articulata 60 000 8 000 -
Byavuye muri Tree seed Centre/RNRA
Amafoto y’imwe mu mirama iboneka mu kigega cy’igihugu cy’imbuto z’ibiti mu Rwanda
Leucaena diversifolia Terminalia menthalii
Prunus africana: Umwumba Spathodea campanulata: Sipatodeya
Polyscias fulva: Umwungo Senna spectabilis: Gasiya
Acacia melanoxylon Maesopsis eminii: Umuhumuro
Erythrina abyssinica : Umuko, Umurinzi Eucalyptus maidenii: Inturusu
Podocarpus falcatus : Umufu
Alnus acuminata
Cedrela serrate: Sederera Moringa oleifera: Moringa
Entandrophragma exelsum : Umuyove Croton megalocarpus : Umunege
Azadirachta indica : Neem Markhamia lutea : Umusave
2.1.2. Gutegura ubuhumbikiro
Ubuhumbikiro ni akarima gato kabibwamo umurama kugira ngo ingemwe zizawukomokaho zirusheho gutegurwa no
gufatwa neza.
Ubutaka butegurwamo ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba ari burebure mu bujyakuzimu, bworoshye, atari ibumba cyane
cyangwa umusenyi gusa, ubutaka bwo hejuru bucengeramo amazi n’umuyaga ku buryo bworoshye kandi butiyasa
igihe bwumutse kandi bufite ifumbire ihagije
Igihe ubutaka bwo guhumbikamo ari bwiza, hifashishijwe isuka, hakorwa umutabo ufite metero 10 z’uburebure na
metero 1 y’ubugari. Iyo bategura umutabo, isuka ishingwa mu butaka nko muri santimetero 40 z’ubujyakuzimu.
Umutabo ushobora kwinazwamo imbuto ziri hagati y’ibihumbi bitanu (5000) n’ibihumbi cumi (10000) bitewe n’ubunini
bw’imbuto cyangwa ubwoko bw’imbuto z’ibiti bubibwemo.
Muri buri mutabo, hashyirwamo ifumbire y’imborera iri mu rugero kandi iboze neza kugira ngo itababura ingemwe.
Amabuye n’ibinonko bikurwamo kandi ifumbire n’umucanga nabyo bikongerwamo mu migabane ya 30% buri cyose.
Iyo gutegura umutabo birangiye; umutabo utangirizwa imbaho cyangwa ibiti bigororotse. Igicucu cy’ubuhumbikiro
kigira uburebure buri hagati ya metero 1, 30 na metero 1, 50. Ubuhumbikiro busakarwa ku buryo bishoboka kongera
izuba cyangwa kurigabanya, hakoreshejwe udusambi tuboshye mu mbingo, imigano, uduti duto n’ibindi.
a) Igihe imbuto zimara mu buhumbikiro
Igihe ubuhumbikiro bumara giterwa n’amoko y’ibiti ndetse n’akarere bukorewemo ariko akenshi bushobora kumara
hagati y’ukwezi 1 n’amezi 2. Igihe biteganyijwe gutera ishyamba mu mezi ya Werurwe na Mata, hakorwa
ubuhumbikiro mu mezi ya Nyakanga, Kanama na Nzeri mu mwaka ubanziriza itera.
Igihe bikenewe gutera ishyamba mu mezi ya Nzeri, Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo, ubuhumbikiro bukorwa mu mezi ya
Mata, Gicurasi na Kamena muri uwo mwaka.
b) Uko babiba umurama mu buhumbikiro
Mu mutabo watunganijwe neza, babibamo umurama mu buryo bubiri:
kubiba imbuto hadakurikijwe imirongo;
No kubiba imbuto ku murongo.
Uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose wakoresha ugomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:
Imbuto ntizitabwa kure cyane, uko imbuto zigenda ziba nto, niko bagenda barenzaho igitaka gike, icyo gitaka
kigomba kuba atari ibumba;
Iyo umurama w’imbuto ari muto ushobora kuwubibana n’umucanga usukuye, ibyo bigatuma imbuto zitirunda
agatsiko;
Ubiba agabanya mu mutabo udupande tungana n’amoko y’ibiti ashaka kubiba. Buri bwoko bwiharira agapande
kabwo kandi igihe arangije kubiba afata udupapuro cyangwa utubaho tungana n’amoko amaze kubiba
akandikaho itariki abibiyeho n’izina ry’icyo abibye;
Azingazingira agapapuro cyangwa akabaho yanditseho mu isashi kugira ngo imvura itazagashajisha vuba maze
akagashinga impande ya buri gapande kihariye ubwoko ubu n’ubu bw’ibiti. Ibyo bituma uwabibye ashobora
gutandukanya imbuto igihe zikiri nto no gukurikirana uko zashoboye kumera.
Nyuma yo kubiba, umutabo utwikirizwa ibyatsi byumye neza hirindwa ko umurama wabyo wamereramo.Kuvomerera
bikorwa mu gitondo na ni mugoroba igihe imvura itaguye bakoresheje rozwari.
Mu turere tubamo umuswa, ni ngombwa kuvomerera cyane umutabo kandi hakagenzurwa ko nta muswa wihisha mu
byatsi. Ni ngombwa gucunga ko imbuto zatangiye kumera kugira ngo ibyatsi bikurweho (zitwikururwe).
Ifoto igaragaza ingemwe zameze ziri mu buhumbikiro
2.1.3. Kugemeka
Ubugemekero ni aho ingemwe zigeze igihe cyo gushyirwa mu bihoho zirererwa kugeza zigejeje igihe cyo guterwa.
a) Uko ubugemekero bwubakwa
Muri buri metero 2 cyangwa 3 hashingwa igiti kigororotse gifite hagati ya metero1,3 na 1,5. Ibyo biti bishobora kuba
ari amahango cyangwa biconze neza ku buryo bishyirwaho ibiti by’imitambiko bigororotse biba biteganijwe
kurambikwaho ibirago byo gukingira ingemwe izuba cyangwa kugabanya umurindi w’imvura. Iyo mitambiko ifatwa
n’amahango cyangwa se igaterwa imisumari. Buri mutabo ugira isakaro ryawo ryihariye. Nyuma umutabo utwikirizwa
ikirago cya metero 1,2 z’ubugari, na metero 10,5 z’uburebure kiboshye mu mbingo, imigano, uduti duto, imifunzo,
n’ibindi..
Umutabo w’ubugemekero ugira metero kare 10 ni ukuvuga metero 1 y’ubugari na metero 10 z’uburebure. Igihe
hacuramye, imitabo itegurwa mu buryo bw’iterasi kugira ngo ibihoho bishyirwe ahantu hareshya. Ibiti by’imishoro
bigororotse cyangwa imbaho, birambikwa mu mpande z’umutabo. Ibyo biti birebire bingana na metero 10
z’uburebure na metero 1,20 z’ubugari biba bigamije kuzabuza ibihoho kugwirirana. Dore ubuso pepiniyeri y’imitabo
10 itwara n’uko iba ipanze:
Umutabo wa 1
Umutabo wa 6
Umutabo wa 2 Umutabo wa 7
Umutabo wa 3 Umutabo wa 8
Umutabo wa 4 Umutabo wa 9
Umutabo wa 5 Umutabo wa 10
Iyo ubugemekero bwubatswe n’imitabo iteze, hakurikiraho gupakira ibihoho bigapangwa mu mutabo.
Igitaka gipakirwa mu bihoho, kivangwa n’ifumbire. Ingorofani 2 z’igitaka gisanzwe n’ingorofani 1 y’ifumbire iboze
neza.
Igihe hagemekwa imibunda, havangwa igitaka mu ngero zisanzwe ariko igitaka kirimo utuyege kikaba kingana na
10% by’igitaka gikenewe cyose.
24.5 m
10 – 12 m 10 – 12 m 2.5 m
10 m
1.20 m
0.5 m
Ibihoho bikunze gukoreshwa ni amasashi mato afite ubugari bungana na santimetero 8 na santimetero 15
z’uburebure n’amasashi manini afite ubugari bwa santimetero 15 z’ubugari na santimetero 15 z’uburebure.
b) Uko bagemeka ingemwe mu bihoho
Ingemwe zigemurwa mu buhumbikiro zikagemekwa mu bihoho biri mu bugemekero.
Mbere yo kugemura, ubuhumbikiro bubanza kuvomererwa bihagije hirindwa ko buhinduka isayo.
Mu kugemeka hibandwa kuri ibi bikurikira:
Kwirinda kurandura ingemwe ukurura;
Hakoreshwa igiti hakegurwa ubutaka noneho hagafatwa urugemwe rumwe;
Kugemeka imbuto bikorerwa ahantu hikingiye izuba n’umuyaga;
Kugemeka imbuto bikoranwa isuku, igihe ingemwe zigemekwa mu bihoho; hirindwa ko hasigara icyondo ku
mababi n’igihimba by’ingemwe;
Mbere yo kugemeka, ibihoho bibanza kuvomererwa cyane kugira ngo ubutaka bworohe;
Hakoreshejwe igiti gifite umubyimba muto, cyangwa urutoki, hakorwa akobo gafite uburebure bungana
n’ubw’umuzi muremure w’urugemwe;
Nta na rimwe imizi y’urugemwe igomba kwihina;
Urugemwe rugomba kuba ruhagaze neza hagati mu gihoho;
Gushyira igitaka impande y’urugemwe, ugatsindagira gahoro igitaka impande y’igihimba, kwirinda kuzika
urugemwe, igitaka kigomba kugera aho icyo mu ruhumbikiro cyageraga ku gihimba cy’urugemwe;
Iyo umurimo w’igemeka urangiye ni ngombwa kuvomera cyane.
Amashusho yerekana uko bagemeka
Kubanza kuvomera mbere yo
kurandura urugemwe
Urugemwe rugeze
igihe cyo guterwa Ukoresheje agati urugemwe ruranduranwa n’itaka
c) Uko ubugemekero bwitabwaho
Kuvomera kabiri mu munsi, mu gitondo na nimugoroba igihe imvura itaguye hakoreshejwe rozwari kugira ngo
amazi yinjire neza mu bihoho ;
Kugirira isuku ubugemekero, gukubura mu tuyira no kufira ibyatsi bigashyirwa inyuma ya pepiniyeri no kumenera
mu gihoho hakoreshejwe agati.
Ifoto igaragaza ubugemekero bwubatswe neza
d) Kumenyereza ingemwe
Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo ingemwe zimenyerezwe ikirere cy’aho zizaterwa niziterwa zizahite zimenyera. Ibi bikorwa
hagabanywa imizi yarenze igihoho, bagabanya kuzivomera kandi bagatwikurura pepiniyeri. Ibi bikorwa nibura mu
byumweru bine mbere yo gutera.
e) Gutoranya ingemwe zizaterwa
Muri pepiniyeri, buri gihe habamo ingemwe mbi zishoboora guterwa zigahita zipfa. Izo ngemwe rero ntizigomba
guterwa kuko ari ugutakaza igihe n’amafaranga wongera gutera izindi zisimbura izapfuye. Hatoranywa rero ingemwe
nziza zikaba arizo zizaterwa imbi zikajugunywa.
f) Ingengabihe y’imirimo ikorerwa muri pepiniyeri
Iyi ngengabihe igenda ihinduka hakurikijwe Uturere ; muri iyi nyandiko turatanga ingero eshatu zishobora gukurikizwa
bitewe n’Akarere pepiniyeri izubakwamo.
Nyuma yo kugemeka baravomera
bakoresheje arozwari
Uko bagemeka
Imirimo muri pepiniyeri zo mu misozi miremire (1800 –2300m)
IMIKURIRE IMIRIMO AMEZI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ibiti
bitinda
gukura
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Ibiti bikura
vuba
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Ibiti bikura
vuba
cyane
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Imirimo muri pepiniyeri zo mu misozi iringaniye (1200 –1800m)
IMIKURIRE IMIRIMO AMEZI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ibiti
bitinda
gukura
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Ibiti bikura
vuba
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Ibiti bikura
vuba
cyane
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Imirimo muri pepiniyeri zo mu misozi migufi (munsi ya 1200m)
IMIKURIRE IMIRIMO AMEZI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ibiti
bitinda
gukura
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Ibiti bikura
vuba
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
Ibiti bikura
vuba
cyane
Guhumbika
Kugemura
Gutera
2.2. Gutegura ahazaterwa
Mu Rwanda hose ibiti biterwa mu gihe cy’umuhindo ni ukuvuga kuva mu kwezi kw’Ukwakira kugeza mu kwezi
k’Ukuboza. By’umwihariko mu turere tw’imisozi miremire, ingemwe z’ibiti zishobora guterwa mu gihe cy’itumba muri
Werurwe kugeza muri Gicurasi.
Mbere yo gutera, habanza gutegura ahazaterwa hatemwa ibihuru n’ibyatsi, harandurwa udushyitsi tw’ibiti
bidakenewe no gushishura ibishyitsi bidashobora kurandurwa. Nyuma yo gutegura ahazaterwa, hacukurwa
imirwanyasuri n’inzira zirwanya inkongi z’umuriro aho biri ngombwa, nyuma hagapimwa ahazashyirwa imyobo,
hagashingwa imambo zigaragaza aho umwobo uzacukurwa. Imyobo icukurwa ibyumweru bitatu mbere yo gutera.
Imyobo isibwa icyumweru kimwe mbere yo gutera, mugusiba imyobo itaka ryo hejuru niryo ribanza mu mwobo kuko
riba rifite ifumbire.
2.3. Gutera
Ingemwe nziza zigeze igihe cyo guterwa ziba zifite uburebure buri hagati ya santimetero 10 na santimetero 15,
zibyibushye kandi zifite amababi atoshye. Intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi iterwa n’akamaro igiti kizamara. Ariko kubiti
bitezweho umusaruro w’imbaho biterwa ku ntera ya m 2.5 kuri m 2.5. Ingemwe ziterwa mu mwobo wa santimetero
40 z’ubugari, santimetero 40 z’uburebure na santimetero 40 z’ubujyakuzimu. Mbere yo gutera ingemwe ni ngombwa
kubanza gukuraho isashi kuko igiti giteranye isashi kidakura. Amasashi akuwe ku ngemwe zimaze guterwa
ntagomba kunyanyagizwa mu murima ashyirwa hamwe akaba yashyikirizwa inganda zikongera kuyatunganya.
Urugemwe ruterwa hagati mu mwobo kandi hirindwa kurutaba, igitaka kigarukirizwa aho icyo rwakuranywe muri
pepiniyeri kigarukira harenzeho cm1 gusa kandi bagatsindagira gahoro igitaka impande z’urugemwe.
Ubutaka
Aho itaka ryo mu gihoho ryagarukiraga
2.4. Gukorera ibiti n’amashyamba
2.4.1Amashyamba y’amaterano
2.4.1.1 Gusimbuza ingemwe zapfuye
Nyuma yo gutera ibiti ni ngombwa gusimbura ibiti byapfuye ku mpamvu zinyuranye. Iyo umubare w’ingemwe zapfuye
ari munini (70%) gusimbura ingemwe zapfuye bisa no kongera gutera. Igikorwa cyo gusimbura ingemwe gikorwa mu
mwaka wa mbere zitewe mu kindi gihe cy’imvura.
2.4.1.2 Gutemera
Ni ugutema ibyatsi biri mu ishyamba mu rwego rwo kongera imikurire myiza y’ibiti, bituma kandi inyamaswa
zitonona ibiti byatewe kandi bikagabanya n’impanuka z’inkongi z’umiriro.
Hari uburyo butatu bwo gutemera:
a) Gutemera ishyamba ryose:
Ni uburyo bwo gutema ibyatsi mu ishyamba hose, ibyatsi bitemwe bisaswa mu ishyamba ariko ntibishyirwe ku giti mu
rwego rwo kwirinda gukurura umuswa ku giti kandi iyo ibyatsi bifite imbuto bishyirwa hanze y’ishyamba ntibisasizwe.
b) Gutemera igiti
Ni uburyo bwo gutema ibyatsi uzengurutse igiti mu ruziga rufite nibura m 1 y’umurambararo.
c) Gutemera ku murongo
Ni uburyo bwo gutema ibiti ku murongo w’ibiti biteye ufite ubugari bwa m 1.5.
2.4.1.3 Kumenera
Bikorwa kugira ngo amazi yinjire ku buryo bworoshye mu butaka kandi bikanarwanya umuswa. Kumenera bikorwa
mugihe cy’izuba riringaniye kandi bigakorwa ibiti bimaze imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu bitewe.Kumenera igiti bikorwa
kuri buri giti hahingwa mu nkengero z’igiti bakizengurutse ku murambararo wa m1.
2.4.1.4 Gukonorera
Bikorwa mu rwego rwo kugabanya amashami y’ibiti n’ibyatsi byurira ibiti bigatuma bikura neza mu mubyimba no
muburebure kandi bigatuma ibiti bitagira amasubyo manini. Bakata amashami bagasiga ayo hejuru kugeza kuri 2/3
by’uburebure bw’igiti. Gukonora bikorwa mu gihe cy’impeshyi hagamijwe kurwanya ibyonnyi n’indwara.
Ukoresheje urukero ubanza gukata hasi Ukurikizaho gukata uhereye hejuru
2.4.1.5. Kurobanya.
Bisobanura kugabanya umubare w’ibiti mu ishyamba kugira ngo ibisigaye bikure neza mu burebure no mu
mubyimba. Biba byiza iyo irobanya rikozwe mu gihe cy’izuba. Mu irobanya, nyir’ishyamba agomba gusigaza ibiti
byiza, bigororotse kandi bidafite amashami manini.
2.4.1.6. Gukorera ishyamba rizashibuka
Ubusanzwe ishyamba rishibuka ritemwa bwa mbere rimaze hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’icumi bitewe n’ubwoko bwabyo,
icyo byateganyirijwe, ubutaka biteyeho n’ akarere bitewemo. Ibiti bitemwe bitarakura cyangwa bishaje cyane
bishibuka nabi cyangwa hakaba igihe bidashibutse. Mu kwicira igishyitsi cyashibutse basigaho nibura ibiti bitatu.
Ibiti byashibutse ku gishyitsi
2.4.1.7. Kurinda ibiti
a) Umuriro: (umuriro wo mu rugo, umuriro wo mu gisambu, imyambi y’ibibiriti n’amatabi abanywi bajugunya mu
bisambu). Amashyamba yangirika cyane ni afite amababi ameze nk’inshinge (Sipure, pinusi), y’ibiti bicucitse
cyangwa by’amababi yumiye hasi.
Ibikorwa kugira ngo hirindwe imiriro:
Kwirinda guta imyambi n’itabi mu byatsi byumye
Gutera ibiti hubahirizwa ingero ndetse no kwicira
Buri wese agomba guhora yigengesereye, ari maso kugira ngo yirinde umuriro
Ubonye ishyamba rihiye agomba guhuruza bakamufasha kurizimya hakoreshejwe amashami y’ibiti,
ubutaka, imiciro y’umuriro, amazi n’ibindi,…
Guca imiciro y’umuriro kandi igasukurwa buri gihe.
Kuzenguruka ishyamba utera ubwoko bw’ibiti budakunze gufatwa n’umuriro cyane nk’imiyenzi, umuduha
n’ibindi.
b) Inyamaswa zo mu rugo (inka, ihene, intama n’ibindi): kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibiti byangizwa n’amatungo ni
ngombwa ko amatungo aguma mu biraro cyangwa mu nzuri zayo, bitabaye ibyo umushumba akirinda ko
amatungo arisha mu ishyamba. Ishyamba kandi rishobora kuzitizwa ibiti bidakundwa n’amatungo. Buri giti
kitaruye kigomba gukikizwa ibiti bifite amahwa cyangwa amashami yabyo
c) Ingugunnyi (imbeba, inkwavu n’ibindi): utwo tunyamaswa dukunda kwangiza (kuguguna) cyane cyane
cypress, acacia melanoxylon, casuarinas equisetifolia, bityo rero kugira ngo utwo tunyamaswa utwirinde , ibyatsi
byose bikikije igiti bigomba gutemwa bikarambikwa hagati y’imirongo y’ibyo biti ariko iyo ari ahantu hashyuha
ibyatsI byose bikurwa mu ishyamba kugira ngo bidakurura imiswa.
d) Umuswa n’utundi dusimba:
- Ni ngombwa gutera ubwoko butangizwa n’umuswa cyangwa se budakunze kwangizwa nawo cyane (Callitris,
Pinusi, Acacia, Casuarina, Gasiya, sederera, Gerevileya, umuhumuro, umusave, umusebeya, milletia,
lusena,umunyegenyege,avoka, ipapayi, cypres, inturusu za camaldulensis cyangwa sideroxylon )
- Gutera ubwoko bw’ibiti aho bukwiye
- Kumenera mbere yo gutera no mu myaka ibiri cyangwa itatu ya mbere kugira ngo usenye indiri y’imiswa no
gusenya imigina ugakuramo umwamikazi wayo.
- Gutera wegeranyije imiyenzi ku mbibi z’ishyamba kuko byagaragye ko imiswa itinya ubwo bwoko bw’ibiti
- Gusenya buri gihe indiri y’imiswa yubaka ku giti
- Gukoresha imiti mva ruganda si byiza cyane kuko ubwo buryo butamara igihe kirekire kandi bikaba bisaba ko iyo
miti iterwa byitondewe kandi buri gihe.
2.4.2. Gukorera ibiti n’uduti bivangwa n’imyaka
Iyo umuhinzi amaze gutera ibiti, agomba kubyitaho abikorera imirimo itandukanye kugirango bizashobore kurangiza
inshingano zabyo no gutanga umusaruro uhagije.
Kuvomerera
Ibiti biteye hafi y’ingo bishobora kuvomerwa mu gihe cy’impeshyi.
Gusasira
Gukikiza urugemwe isaso kugeza muri cm 30 kugirango ubutaka bukomeze gutota kandi ibuza n’ibyatsi kumera.
Ibyiza ni ugusasira ibiti imvura ijya gucika, ubutaka bukagumana ubukonje mu gihe cy’izuba.
Gushinga agati iruhande rw’urugemwe, kerekana aho ruteye kugirango batarukandagira
Gusimbura ingemwe zapfuye
Umuhinzi asimbuza ingemwe zirwaye cyangwa zumye izindi. Niyo mpamvu, igihe amaze gutera, umuhinzi agomba
gusiga ingemwe nke muri pepiniyeri zo gusimbura izapfuye.
Kubagara – Kumenera
Kubagara bamenera ubutaka mu ntera ya cm30 – cm40 mu mpande z’igiti ni ngombwa cyane kugirango ibiti bikiri
bito bikure neza. Ariko iyo yasasiye ibiti akibitera , iyo mirimo ntikorwa kenshi. Iyo umaze kubagara, ntutwika ibyatsi,
ubirekera mu murima, ukabisasiza ibiti.
Gutema Imizi
Iyo ibiti bikiri bito, bimaze nk’imyaka 2 cyangwa 3, batangira gutema imizi yabyo iri hejuru mu butaka kugirango
itanyunyuza imyunyu y’ubutaka itunga ibihingwa
Batemesha iyo mizi isuka bakageza mu bujyakuzimu bureshya n’uburebure bw’isuka imwe n’igice
Bakubita isuka muri cm 30 – 40 uturutse ku giti.
Umuhinzi atema gusa imizi yerekera mu murima , imizi yerekera ku mukingo arayihorera kuko ariyo ituma umukingo
ukomera.
Batema iyo mizi igihe cy’ihinga kandi ku buryo buhoraho, umuhinzi atabira ageza isuka hasi cyane agatema utuzi
duto dushibuka.
Gukonora
Ibiti bikiri bito, bimaze nk’imyaka 2 cyangwa 3, batangira kubigabanya amashami yo hasi ndetse n’ibishibu
by’ibisambo kugirango bidatera igicucu mu murima..
Umuhinzi yitondera kuvanaho amashami ntarenze 1/3 cy’uburebure bw’igiti.
Mu gukonora, umuhinzi abanza gukera munsi y’ishami akuraho, akabona gukera hejuru neza y’aho yakereye mbere.
Akerera ishami nko muri cm2 aturutse ku giti.
Bakonora igihe cyose hari amashami atera igicucu mu murima kibangamira ibihingwa.
Bakonora neza bakoresha urukero rwabugenewe.
Gukonora bikorwa mu gihe nta bihingwa biri mu murima kugirango amashami atabyangiza.
Ibiti byera imbuto ziribwa, barabikata, iyo igiti kireshya na cm 70, bagitema umutwe, kigashibukaho amashami 3
cyangwa 5. Iyo amashami agize cm 70, nayo bayatema imitwe kugirango ashibukeho andi mashami mato. Iyo igiti
kimaze kureshya na m 2, amashami agenda ashibuka ubwayo. Bakuraho kandi ibisambo, amashami ameze nabi
cyangwa yumye kugirango igiti cyere neza.Umuhinzi akata igiti rimwe mu mwaka.
Mu ikata ry’ibiti, hakoreshwa sekateri, ikata amashami mato n’ibisambo. Iyo akata, umuhinzi ntakobora igishishwa.
Kugirango bakate amashami manini, bakoresha urukero.
Gukata amashami yose y’igiti
i
Abahinzi bamwe bifuza kubona imihembezo myinshi n’amababi menshi ya Gerevileya yo gusasiza ibihingwa.
Batemera amashami ya Gerevileya kure y’igiti kugirango azashibukeho amashami menshi cyangwa bagatema igiti
kikiri gito (imyaka 4 – 6 ) ku burebure bwa metero imwe uvuye ku butaka, kigashibukaho amashami menshi asarurwa
nyuma y’imyaka 2 – 5.
Gukata uduti tw’uruzitiro
Uduti twa Kaliyandra, lesena, umukunde, umunyeganyege biteye ku mirwanyasuri bituma ubutaka budatwarwa
n’isuri kandi umuhinzi ntagomba kudusimbura kenshi. Bitanga kandi amashami n’amababi yo gusasiza ibihingwa no
kugaburira amatungo. Kugirango bikure neza, umuhinzi abibagarira kenshi. Kudutema kenshi bituma tugira amababi
menshi agaburirwa amatungo. Udutema bwa mbere tumaze imyaka ibiri dutewe. Dutemerwa muri cm 40 - 60
uturutse ku butaka. Nyuma ukajya udutema buri mezi atatu. Iyo ushaka inkwi , ntudutema kenshi, bituma tugira
amashami menshi kandi akabona igihe cyo gukura. Bakata uduti mu gihe cyo gutera ibihingwa. Mu kudutema ,
hakoreshwa umupanga cyangwa urukero.
Kwicira
Iyo ibiti bitangiye gutera igicucu cyane mu murima kandi bikonoye, umuhinzi arabitema.
Kurwanya imiswa
Uburyo bwizewe bwo kurwanya imiswa ni ugutera ibiti bitangizwa n’imiswa,gusenya buri gihe imigina iri mu gitaka
cyangwa iyurira ibiti.
Kurinda ibiti
Gusura kenshi ibiti byatewe, kugirango urebe ko nta kibyangiza ( abantu, amatungo yo mu rugo, inyamanswa zo mu
gasozi, imiriro, ingugunnyi, umuswa, ....).
Ibiti biterwa mu mirima no mu masambu y’abaturage bizarindwa na ba nyir’amasambu.
2.4.3. Ibiti byo mu mijyi
Kubungabunga ibiti byo mu mugi bisaba imirimo inyuranye kugirango bikure neza, bigire ishusho cyangwa imiterere
myiza bitewe n’intego byaterewe.
Kuvomerera
Iyo pepiniyeri iri kure y’aho bagomba gutera ibiti, binika imizi mu gitaka kivanze n’ifumbire kugirango itumira mu
rugendo. Ingemwe zivomererwa mbere iyo zimaze gutundwa zitegereje guterwa. Zishobora kandi kuvomerwa iyo
zimaze guterwa. Ibiti biteye hafi y’ingo bishobora kuvomererwa mu gihe cy’impeshyi.
Gusasira
Gukikiza urugemwe isaso kugeza muri cm 30 kugirango ubutaka bukomeze gutota kandi ibuza n’ibyatsi kumera
Kubakira ibiti bimaze guterwa kugirango bitangizwa
Gusimbura ingemwe zapfuye
Ingemwe zirwaye cyangwa zumye zisimbuzwa izindi.
Kubagara – Kumenera
Kubagara bamenera ubutaka mu ntera ya cm80 – m100 mu mpande z’igiti ni ngombwa cyane kugirango ibiti bikiri
bito bikure neza. Ariko iyo yasasiye ibiti akibitera, iyo mirimo ntikorwa kenshi. Iyo umaze kubagara, ntutwika ibyatsi,
ubirekera mu murima, ukabisasiza ibiti.
Gukonora
Ibiti bikiri bito, bimaze nk’imyaka 2 cyangwa 3, batangira kubigabanya amashami yo hasi, ayumye, abangamye,
arwaye, kugirango imihanda nyabagendwa , insinga z’amashanyarazi , ibyapa n’amatara yo ku mihanda bikinguruke.
Kuvanaho amashami nturenze 1/3 cy’uburebure bw’igiti.
Mu gukonora, babanza gukera munsi y’ishami ukuraho, ukabona gukera hejuru neza y’aho wakereye mbere.
Ukerera ishami nko muri cm2 uturutse ku giti.
Bakonora neza bakoresha urukero rwabugenewe.
Umurimo wo gukonora ukorwa mu gihe cy’impeshyi.
Gukurikirana igiti uko gikura, kugirango amashami agomba kuvaho aboneke hakiri kare
Kurobanya/Gutema igiti
- Batema ibiti byose bifite inenge
- Ibiti byose bidakura neza
- Ibiti byose byumye, birwaye
- Ibiti bifite igihimba kigoramye cyangwa gihengamye
- Ibiti bifite urugara cyangwa amashami ahengamiye uruhande rumwe
- Igiti kibangamiye imikurire y’ikindi kikirusha ubwiza
Kurwanya imiswa
Uburyo bwizewe bwo kurwanya imiswa ni ugutera ibiti bitangizwa n’imiswa, gusenya buri gihe imigina iri mu gitaka
cyangwa iyurira ibiti.
Kurinda ibiti
Gusura kenshi ibiti byatewe, kugirango urebe ko nta kibyangiza ( abantu, amatungo yo mu rugo, inyamanswa zo mu
gasozi, imiriro, umuswa, ....).
Kugabanya ibishibu
Iyo igiti kimaze gutemwa, amoko amwe arashibuka. Ni byiza kugabanya ibishibu, hagasigara 2 cyangwa 3 bizakura
neza.
3. Amashyamba n’ibiti kimeza
3.1. Amashyamba Kimeza
Ishyamba kimeza ni ishyamba ryabayeho kuva kera, ritigeze riterwa mo ibiti cyangwa ibindi bimera mvamahanga,
rigizwe n’ibiti n’ibimera gakondo gusa.
Amashyamba Kimeza agizwe n’ibyiciro bikurikira:
No Icyiciro Ingero
1 Pariki z’Igihugu Parike y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe, Akagera n’iy’Ibirunga
2 Amashyamba Cyimeza adafite andi mategeko
ayagenga
Ishyamba Cyimeza rya Busaga, Makera, Ibanda-
Makera, Kibirizi-Muyira, …
Kubungabunga no kurinda amashyamba kimeza
Kubungabunga no kurinda amashyamba kimeza bigomba gukorwa hagamijwe:
- kwita by’umwihariko ku duce tw’Igihugu dufite ibibazo byihariye birebana n’ibidukikije;
- kurinda ibimera kamere n’inyamaswa;
- kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima;
a. Uruhare rw’abaturage n’inzego zitandukanye mu kubungabunga no kurinda amashyamba kimeza
Kubungabunga no kurinda amashyamba kimeza ni inshingano ya buri muturarwanda wese. Abaturage bafite
inshingano zo gutanga ku nzego z’ubuyobozi bubegereye amakuru arebana n’ibikorwa bibujijwe byahungabanya
imicungire myiza y’amashyamba kimeza. By’umwihariko, izi nshingano zirareba abaturiye ayo mashyamba.
Inzego za Leta, iz’abikorera kimwe n’imiryango itari iya Leta zifatanyiriza hamwe kurinda amashyamba kimeza no
kurwanya ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyayangiza. Izo nzego ziyambazwa igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa kugira ngo
harwanywe inkongi y’umuriro cyangwa ikindi kiza icyo ari cyo cyose cyatuma amashyamba kimeza yangirika.
Mu rwego rwo kurinda amashyamba kimeza, Leta itera amashyamba ayakikije agizwe n’ubwoko bw’ibiti
butandukanye n’ubwiganje muri iryo shyamba. Aho bidashoboka hakoreshwa ubundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo
kuyarinda nk’uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi (urugero ni nk’uruzitiro ruri kuri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera) cyangwa
urw’amabuye (urugero ni nk’uruzitiro ruri kuri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga).
b. Ibikorwa byemewe mu mashyamba kimeza
Uretse nk’ubushakashatsi no gushaka imiti gakondo itaboneka ahandi bitangirwa uruhushya na Minisitiri ufite
amashyamba mu nshingano ze, ibindi bikorwa byose bikorerwa mu mashyamba kimeza birabujijwe.
c. Imicungire y’ amashyamba kimeza
Amashyamba kimeza acungwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko yihariye ayagenga.
Umuntu, ishyirahamwe, sosiyete, koperative, umuryango utari uwa Leta bifite ubuzima gatozi, Akarere cyangwa Ikigo
cya Leta bashobora guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gucunga ishyamba kimeza cyangwa igice cyaryo. Kwegurirwa
imicungire y’ishyamba kimeza, byemezwa n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri. Imicungire y’iryo shyamba ikorwa hashingiwe ku
masezerano ashyirwaho umukono hagati y’uwemerewe gucunga ishyamba na Minisitiri ubifite mu nshingano ze.
d. Gusimbura ishyamba kimeza ryakuwe mu mashyamba akomye
Ishyamba kimeza cyangwa igice cyaryo bishobora gukurwa mu cyiciro cy’amashyamba akomye. Uko bikorwa
n’uburyo ishyamba cyangwa igice cyaryo bisimburwa bigenwa n’iteka rya Minisitiri ubifite mu nshingano ze.
3.2. Ibiti kimeza
Ibiti kimeza ni ibiti kamere bifite inkomoko hano mu Rwanda cyangwa se mu karere ruherereyemo. Ni ibiti bitari
ibinyamahanga, nk`ibyaje bivuye I Burayi, Amerika, Aziya n`ahandi nk`intusi, Gereveriya, Pinusi, Sipure, Sederela,
n`ibindi. Bimwe muri ibyo biti ni nk`umuvumu, umusave, umubirizi, umuko, Umuhumuro, umusebeya, umuguruka,
umunyinya, n`ibindi. Ibi biti kimeza ni umurage twasigiwe n`abakurambere bacu kuko byari bibafitiye akamaro kanini
cyane utasangana ayandi moko y`ibiti.
Akamaro k’ibiti kimeza
Ibiti kimeza bifite akamaro kihariye: Bimenyereye hano iwacu: byihanganira indwara, ibyonnyi n`ibihe bibi;
Birashibuka cyane ugereranyije n`ibindi biti; Bivamo imiti y`abantu n`amatungo
Iyo bibajwe bivamo ibikoresho byiza cyane: imivure, ibyansi, imbehe, isekuru, n`ibindi. Hafi ya byose bishobora
kuvangwa n`imyaka kandi bikabigirira akamaro, Ibi biti bishobora kwifashishwa mu muvuduko w`iterambere
rishingiye ku kurengera ibidukikije.
3.3 Ibiti bikomye
Ni ubwoko bw’igiti kimwe cyangwa byinshi burinzwe budashobora gukorerwamo imirimo keretse bitangiwe
uburenganzira bwihariye na Minisitiri.
Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma ubwoko ubu n’ubu bw’igiti burindwa, muri izo twavuga: Ubwoko bw’ibiti bwenda gucika
mu gasozi, ububoneka hake, ubwifitemo imiti, ubukoreshwa cyane mu mirimo y’iterambere kandi bugeza igihe cyo
gukura butinze, ububumbatiye umuco n’izindi mpamvu zitandukanye zatera ubwoko bw’igiti ubu n’ubu
kubungabungwa.
IBITI BIRINZWE, AHO BIBARIZWA N’IMPAMVU
Ubwoko bw’ibiti Izina ry’ikinyarwanda Aho biboneka Ubutumburuk
e Impamvu
Vernonia amygdalina Umubilizi, Umugaragara 1000-1800m Bivamo imiti
Acacia hockii Umugenge 1(A,B,C,D),2 1000-1700m Byenda gucika mu karere
Acacia kirkii mildraedii Umukinga 1(C D) 1250-1400m Byenda gucika mu karere
Acacia polyacantha Umugo, Umugu, Umukoto 1(ACD), 2 1000-1700m Bivamo imiti +
Birakoreshwa cyane
Acacia sieberiana vermoesenii umunyinya 1(BCD),2 1000-1800m Bivamo imiti
Acassia abyssinica calophylla umunyinya 2,3A 1400-1800m Bivamo imiti
Adenia barquaertii 3B 1700-2000m Biboneka hacye
Adenia rumicifolia 1C 1250m Biboneka hacye cyane
Adenia schweinfurthii Ikirwa cya Bugarura 1500m Biboneka hacye cyane
Afrocarpus usambarensis Umufu 3B 1800-3000m Byenda gucika mu karere
Alangium chinense Intogota, Umuhuhwe, umukopfu,
umuvuka, Umuvugangoma 1C, 3(A-B),4B 1300-2400m Bivamo imiti
Albizia adianthifolia umusebeya 1(ABCD)2 1000-1700m Bivamo imiti + Bibumbatiye
umuco
Albizia grandibrabracteata gummifera umusebeya 1C 1400m Byenda gucika mu karere
Ardisia kivuensis injubati, umugendajoro,umusuli,
umusheshe, igisheshe 3B 2000-2500m Biboneka hacye
Beilschmiedia rwandensis imbayu, ingombwa, umusuli ishyamba rya Nyungwe 1900-2500m Biboneka mu Rwanda
gusa
Bersama abyssinica paullinioides Umukaka 3B 1900-2200m Bivamo imiti
Carapa glandiflora umushwati 3(A,B) 1600-2500m Birakoreshwa cyane
Casearia runssorica umuhanda, umuhandagore,
umunyereza,imbayu 3B 1800-2450m Biboneka hacye
Chassalia subochreata
ikibonobono, Umumenamabuye,umusabanyama 3(A-B) 1700-2700m Biboneka hacye
Clerodendrum silvanum nuxoides Umubugabuga, umubwabwa,
umunugunugu 1D 1400-1450 Bivamo imiti
Cola pierlotti Umuhanantare 3B 1700-1900m Biboneka hacye
Commiphora africana Umudahwera 1(C-D) 1300-1600m Bivamo imiti
Dracaena steudneri umuhati, Igihondohonda 1C, 3(A-B) 1300-2500m Bivamo imiti
Embelia libeniana Umubungobungo, umuhanurankuba 3B 2000-2450m Biboneka hacye
Embelia schimperi Umukaragata 3(A-B), 4(A-B) 1600-3350m Bivamo imiti
Entandrophragma excelsum Umuyove 3(A-B) 1500-2100m Birakoreshwa cyane
Erica johnstonii igihungeli, ikinyabushishi 3B, 5 (A-B) 2400-3800m Biboneka hacye
Erythrina Abyssinica Umuko Biboneka henshi mu Rwanda 1000- 2400m Bibumbatiye umuco
Fagara chalybea isoyo, umubavo Nyungwe,
Faurea wentzeliana umutiti, igikuri 3(A-B) 1600-2400m Birakoreshwa cyane
Ficus dekdekena umuvumu 1B, 1D Biboneka hacye cyane
Ficus ardisioides camptoneura umuvumu 3B 1550m Biboneka hacye cyane
Ficus sansibalica macrosperma 1D 1300m Biboneka hacye cyane
Ficus sycomorus sycomorus 1B 1450m Biboneka hacye cyane
Ficus thonningii Umuvumu Biboneka henshi mu Rwanda <2300m Birakoreshwa cyane
Ficus tremula umuvumuvumu 1D 1400m Biboneka hacye cyane
Grewia mildbraedii Umurundambazo 1B 1750-2500m Biboneka hacye
Harungana madagascariensins Umusangu, umushayishayi 1B, 2, 3(A-B) 1600-2400m Bivamo imiti+ Birakoreshwa
cyane
Harungana montana Umushayishayi 3B 1950-2500m Biboneka hacye
ixora burundiensis ikinesha, umuhotora 3(A-B) 1900-2500m Biboneka hacye
Kigelia Africana Ikivungovungo 3B, 1(C-D) 1300-1900m Bivamo imiti
Lindackeria kivuensis umubwira,umunyarubobi,umunywama
nsi,umicarampundu 3B 1700-2300m Biboneka hacye
Loberia petiolata 3(A-B) 2200-2800m Biboneka hacye
Maesa lanceolata Umucundura, muhanga,umusengesi,
umusagara-mahunda 1D,3(A-B),4A 1350-3000m Bivamo imiti
Maesa welwitschii umuhoke 1D 1300m Biboneka hacye cyane
Maesopsis eminii Umuhumuro, Muhumura 1(BCD),2 1300-1800m
Makaranga schweinfurtii Umuhanantare 3B,5(A-B) 1300-2000m Bivamo imiti
Markhamia lutea Umusave 1(C_D),2 up to 1800m
Biboneka hacye+Birakoreshwa cyane
Maytenus acuminata Umunembwe, inembo, inembwe 3(A-B),4A,5B 1600-2450m
Melchioria schiebenii Umusengesi, umwasha 3B ( ishyamba rya Nyungwe) 2000-2500m Biboneka hacye
Memexylon myrianthum 3B 1800m Biboneka hacye cyane
Memexylon walikalense umushuli, urusuli, isoyo 3B 1900-2100m Biboneka hacye
Monanthotaxis orophila Inganigani, umuhashya, uruhashya,
uruzinge 3B 2100-2400m Biboneka hacye
Musanga leo-errerae Icyanya, icyanyana, umugajagaja 3B ( ishyamba rya Nyungwe) 1600-2400m Biboneka hacye
Myrianthus holstii Icyufe, umwufe 3(A-B) 1900-2400m
Myrica kandtiana Isubyo 1(A-B-C),2,3A 1250-1800m Bivamo imiti
Newtonia buchanani Umukereko 1(C-D),3(A-B) 1300-2400m Birakoreshwa cyane
Ocotea usambarensis Umutake 3B 1700-2400m Birakoreshwa cyane
Olea europaea africana umunzenze, umumuri 1(C-D) 1400-1700m
Oricia renieri Umuno, umuso 3B (Nyungwe na
Cyamudongo 1600-2300m Biboneka Rwanda gusa
Osyris lanceolata umusheshe 1(C-D) 1350-1500m
Oxyanthus troupinii Ingongo, umugendajoro, umuyebe,
umutovu 3B 1700-2450m Biboneka hacye
Parnari curatellifolia umunazi 1(C-D) 1300-1800m Birakoreshwa cyane
Parnari excelsa Inkunga, umukungu, umunazi 3B 1600-2400m Birakoreshwa cyane
Peddiea rapaneoides Umusine 3B ( ishyamba rya Nyungwe) 2000-2800m Biboneka hacye cyane
Pentadesma reyndersii umwasa 3(A-B) 1800-2100m
podocarpus facultatus umufu 3B 1800-3000m Birakoreshwa cyane
Podocarpus latifolius Umuhuhulizi 3B,4A 1550-3000m Birakoreshwa cyane
Prunus africana Umwumba,umuvumba, umuhunga 3B,4B 1600-3200m Vulnerable + Bivamo imiti
Psorospermum febrifugum Umukubangwa 1(A-B-C-D) 1000-2000m Bivamo imiti
Psychotria palustris Ikibonobono, ikiyogera 3B ( ishyamba rya Nyungwe) 1800-2400m Biboneka hacye
Pterygota mildbraedii Umumunuro, umuguruka 1(C-D) 1350-1500m Locally trheatened
Rhus vulgaris Umusagara, umusagara-
Nyamabunda 1(B-C-D),2,3A 1300-1600m Birakoreshwa cyane
Solanecio mannii Umutagara Biboneka henshi mu Rwanda 1400-2700m Bivamo imiti
Sterculia quinqueloba 1A 1000m Biboneka hacye cyane
Sterculia tragacantha 1A 1000-1200m Biboneka hacye cyane
Strombozia scheffleri umushyika 3(A-B) 1600-2450m Birakoreshwa cyane
Symphonia globulifera Umushishi 3B 1700-2400m Birakoreshwa cyane
Syzygium parvifolium umugote 3(A-B) 1700-2500m Bivamo imiti+ Birakoreshwa
cyane
Syzygium rowlandii umugote 3B 1600-2000m
Tabernaemontana odoratissima 3B 1700-1900m Biboneka hacye cyane
tabernaemontana ventricosa 1B( ku Kirwa cya iwawu) 1450m
Tarenna rwandensis inembwe, urusheshe,Urwuzu 3B 2000-2400m Biboneka hacye
Tridactyle anthomaniaca
Ibisobanuro:
1: Umukenke 1A (Ikibaya cya Bugarama), 1B: Inkengero zikiyaga cya kivu, 1C: Amayaga, 1D: Akagera –Migongo.
2: Ibitwa byo hagati
3: Isunzu rya Congo-Nil n’imisozi ya byumba: 3A: Ahahoze amashyamba; 3B:Amashyamba yo ku isunzu rya Congo-Nil
4: Ibirunga : 4A: Ahahoze amashyamba; igice cy’ishyamba ry’umugano, igice cy’ishyamba kiri hagati ya 2000-3000m; 4B:Igice cy’ibirunga cyiri k’ubutumburuke
buri hagati ya 3000-4500m
5: Ibishanga: 5A: Ibishanga byo mu bitwa, ku nzuzi, no ku nkombe z’ibiyaga (1300-1500m); 5B: Ibishanga byo mu misozi miremire (1900-2500m)
4. Kubyaza no kongerera agaciro umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku biti n’amashyamba
4.1 Gusarura
4.1.1 Uruhushya rwo gusarura amashyamba y’abantu ku giti cyabo
Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’umuntu rirengeje hegitari ebyiri (2) rutangwa n’Akarere iryo shyamba
riherereyemo hashingiwe ku igenamigambi ryo gutunganya iryo shyamba.
Ibisabwa mu gutanga uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’umuntu rirengeje hegitari ebyeri (2)
Usaba uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’umuntu rirengeje hegitari ebyiri yandikira Umuyobozi w’Akarere iryo
shyamba riherereyemo.
Inyandiko isaba uruhushya igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
(1) Aho ishyamba risabirwa gusarurwa riherereye (Umudugudu, Akagari, Umurenge);
(2) Ingano yaryo;
(3) Imbibi zaryo;
(4) Ubwoko bw’ibiti biteyemo;
(5) Ibikoresho azifashisha gusarura ishyamba;
(6) Icyemezo kigaragaza ko ishyamba ari irye.
(7) Igenamigambi ryoroheje ry’iryo shyamba (Plan simple de gestion forestiere)
Itangwa ry’uruhushya
Umuntu usaba uruhushya iyo amaze kurwemererwa, asabwa kwishyura amafaranga ya serivise ahawe mbere yo
guhabwa urwo ruhushya.
Amafaranga yishyuzwa agenwa hakurikijwe ibiteganijwe mu Iteka rya Perezida rishyiraho urutonde kandi rigena
ibipimo ntarengwa by’amahoro n’andi mafaranga yakirwa n’Inzego z’Ibanze.
Igihe uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’umuntu rirengeje hegitari ebyiri rumara
Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’umuntu rirengeje hegitari ebyiri (2) rumara igihe kitarengeje amezi atatu (3)
abarwa uhereye igihe rwatangiwe. Igihe cy’ibanze gishobora kongerwa inshuro imwe gusa usibye igihe byagenwe
ukundi n’Umuyobozi ufite ububasha bwo gutanga uruhushya.
4.1.2 Uruhushya rwo gutwara ibikomoka ku mashyamba imbere mu gihugu
Ibisabirwa uruhushya rwo gutwara ibikomoka ku mashyamba
Ibikomoka ku mashyamba bisabirwa uruhushya mbere yo gutwarwa biturutse aho ishyamba riherereye ni ibi
bikurikira:
(1) Amakara arenze imifuka cumi (10);
(2) Imbaho za 4m zirenze makumyabiri n’eshanu (25);
(3) Imbaho za 2m zirenze makumyabiri n’eshanu (25);
(4) Ibiti by’amakumbu birenze icumi (10);
(5) Inkwi zirengeje amasiteri atatu (3).
Ibirenze imibare ivuzwe hejuru bisabirwa uruhushya rwo kubitwara.
Itangwa ry’uruhushya rwo gutwara ibikomoka ku mashyamba
Uruhushya rwo gutwara ibikomoka ku mashyamba bikimeze uko byasaruwe cyangwa byahinduwemo ibindi rutangwa
n’Akarere biturukamo.
Kwishyura uruhushya rwo gutwara ibikomoka ku mashyamba
Uwemerewe uruhushya, mbere yo kuruhabwa, asabwa kwishyura amafaranga yarwo. Amafaranga yishyuzwa
agenwa hakurikijwe ibiteganijwe mu Iteka rya Perezida rishyiraho urutonde kandi rigena ibipimo ntarengwa
by’amahoro n’andi mafaranga yakirwa n’Inzego z’Ibanze.
4.1.3 Uruhushya rwo gukuraho ishyamba burundu
Gusaba uruhushya rwo gukuraho ishyamba burundu
Ushaka gukuraho ishyamba burundu yandikira Minisitiri ufite amashyamba mu nshingano.
Inyandiko yandikiwe Minisitiri igomba kugaragaza:
(1) aho ishyamba riherereye;
(2) ingano yaryo;
(3) Ubwoko bw’ibiti biteyemo;
(4) Icyemezo kigaragaza ko usaba ari nyiri iryo shyamba;
(5) Impamvu asaba gukuraho ishyamba burundu.
Itangwa ry’uruhushya
Uwasabye uruhushya aruhabwa na Minisitiri mu buryo bw’inyandiko.
4.1.4. Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’akarere
Urwego rutanga uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere
Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere rutangwa n’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ashingiye ku cyemezo cy’ Inama
Nyobozi y’Akarere iryo shyamba riherereyemo.
Uruhushya rutangwa hakurikijwe igenamigambi ryo gutunganya amashyamba ritegurwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa
n’Itegeko rigena imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’amashyamba.
Ibigenderwaho gufata icyemezo cyo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere
Icyemezo cyo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere gifatwa na Komite Nyobozi ishingiye kuri ibi bikurikira:
(1) Igenamigambi ryo gutunganya amashyamba;
(2) Raporo y’umutekinisiye ushinzwe amashyamba mu Karere igaragaza imiterere y’ishyamba, aho ishyamba
riherereye, ubwoko bw’ibiti byiganjemo, ubuso bwaryo, igihe ryaterewe, ingano y’umusaruro uzavamo;
(3) Inyandiko y’Umuyobozi w’Akarere igaragaza ibizakoreshwa umusaruro uzava mu shyamba rigomba gusarurwa.
(4) Imirimo izakorwa nyuma yo gusarura
Gusaba Ikigo gifite amashyamba mu nshingano kugira icyo kibivugaho
Iyo Komite Nyobozi y’Akarere imaze gufata icyemezo cy’uko ishyamba rigomba gusarurwa, yandikira Umuyobozi
w’Ikigo gifite amashyamba mu nshingano akamumenyesha icyemezo cyafashwe anamusaba kugira icyo abivugaho;
Kugira icyo abivugaho, Umuyobozi w’Ikigo abikora mu nyandiko mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) y’akazi
uhereye igihe yakiriye inyandiko imumenyesha icyemezo cyafashwe.
Itangwa ry’uruhushya rwo gusarura
Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere rutangwa n’Umuyobozi w’Akarere mu buryo bw’Amasezerano agirana
n’uwemerewe gusarura iryo shyamba.
Uruhushya ruhabwa uwemerewe gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere utoranywa binyuze mu ipiganwa rikoreshwa
hakurikijwe amategeko n’amabwiriza abigenga. Icyo gihe uwatsindiye gusarura iryo shyamba ahabwa uruhushya
amaze kwishyura amafaranga yose.
Ibikubiye mu masezerano yo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere
Amasezerano yo gusarura ishyamba agomba kugaragaza nibura:
(1) Umwirondoro w’Ishyamba;
(2) Igihe uruhushya ruzamara;
(3) Ibikoresho bizakoreshwa mu gusarura ibiti;
(4) Uburyo bwo gusarura;
(5) Ingano y’ibigomba gusarurwa: umubare w’ibiti cyangwa ubuso; ubunini (m3,amasiteri)
(6) Inshingano z’usarura harimo kurinda umutekano w’aho asarurira no kwishingira ibyakwangizwa n’ibiti agiye
gusarura;
(7) Imirimo izakorwa nyuma yo gusarura hagamijwe gutunganya ahasaruwe;
Igihe uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere rumara
Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba ry’Akarere rumara igihe kitarengeje amezi atatu (3) abarwa uhereye igihe
rwatangiwe.
Igihe cy’ibanze gishobora kongerwa inshuro imwe gusa usibye igihe byagenwe ukundi n’Umuyobozi ufite ububasha
bwo gutanga uruhushya.
Itangwa rya raporo
Buri gihembwe, Akarere gatanga raporo igaragaza uko amashyamba yasaruwe mu Karere;
Iyo raporo ishyikirizwa Ikigo gifite amashyamba mu nshingano.
4.1.5. Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba rya leta
Urwego rutanga uruhushya
Ikigo gifite imicungire y’amashyamba mu nshingano nicyo gitanga uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba rya Leta
ryakorewe igenamigambi, gutema ibiti byo mu ishyamba rya Leta cyangwa byo ku mihanda ya Leta.
Ibishingirwaho mu itangwa ry’ uruhushya
Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba rya Leta rutangwa hakurikijwe igenamigambi ryo gutunganya iryo shyamba.
Uburyo uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba rya Leta rutangwa
Uruhushya rwo gusarura ishyamba rya Leta, gutema ibiti mu ishyamba rya Leta cyangwa byo ku mihanda ya Leta
ruhabwa uwatsindiye kugura ishyamba cyangwa ibiti mu ipiganwa ritegurwa n’Ikigo gifite imicungire y’amashyamba
mu nshingano.
Iyo bibaye ngombwa, uruhushya rushobora gutangwa bitanyuze mu ipiganwa kubera impamvu zisobanurwa neza
n’Urwego rufite ububasha bwo gutanga uruhushya.
Itangwa ry’uruhushya
Uwatsinze ipiganwa ahabwa uruhushya mu buryo bw’amasezerano agirana n’Ikigo gifite imicungire y’amashyamba
mu nshingano.
Ibikubiye mu masezerano yo gusarura ishyamba
Amasezerano yo gusarura ishyamba agomba kugaragaza nibura:
(1) Umwirondoro w’Ishyamba;
(2) Igihe uruhushya ruzamara;
(3) Ibikoresho bizakoreshwa mu gusarura ibiti;
(4) Uburyo bwo gusarura;
(5) Ingano y’ibigomba gusarurwa: umubare w’ibiti cyangwa ubuso; Ubunini(m3, amasiteri)
(6) Inshingano z’usarura harimo kurinda umutekano w’aho asarurira no kwishingira ibyakwangizwa n’ibiti agiye
gusarura;
(7) Imirimo izakorwa nyuma yo gusarura hagamijwe gutunganya ahasaruwe
4. 2. Kongerera agaciro umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku biti n’amashyamba
4.2.1. Imbaho
Imbaho ni bimwe mu bikomoka ku mashyamba bikenerwa n’abanyarwanda benshi aho bibafitiye akamaro kanini
cyane cyane mu bwubatsi,(inzugi, amadirishya, mwikorezi, amato, ameza, intebe, ibitanda...). Imbaho zikunze
kuboneka mu Rwanda ni iziva mu biti nk’ Inturusu, Pinusi, Imizonibari (Cupressus sp), Indakatsi (Acasia sp), Imisave,
Cederela, na Gerevileya. Hari n’izindi mbaho zituruka mu bihugu bidukikije nka Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya
Kongo. Muri byo hari nka Libuyu, Muvula n’Imisave.
Kugira ngo ubone imbaho nziza kandi nyinshi zivuye mu giti, ubitegura hakiri kare kuva mu gutera igiti, kugikorera
(gukonora no kwicira), kugitema, kukidendura mo ingiga, kubaza imbaho, kuzumisha no kuzibika.
Ishyamba rigenewe kubyazwa imbaho baritera ibiti byegeranye hagamijwe ko bigorororoka kuko bikura bicuranwa
urumuri bityo bigakura bijya hejuru cyane. Nyuma bararobanura kugira ngo hasigare bike bikure mu mubyimba.
Hakurikiraho kubikonorera kugira ngo imbaho zitazagira amasubyo.
Uburyo bwo gutema igiti cyivamo imbaho.
Kugira ngo hazaboneke imbaho nziza, ni ngombwa gutema neza igiti. Igihe utema igiti ni ngombwa gukoresha
ibyuma bityaye kugirango hirindwe igabanuka ry’uburebure n’ ubwiza bw’ imbaho.
Gutema hakoreshwa inkero kuko arizo zituma igiti kidatakaza amabango manini atera igihombo. Gukata igiti mo
ingeri ngufi biba byiza cyane ku giti kigoramye kuko arizo zitanga imbaho nziza. Kuri Pinus sp, kubera kuyirinda
indwara ya Blue Stain (igaragazwa n’ amabara y’ ubururu) no kugabanya uburemere, ni ngombwa ko ingiga z’ ibiti
zitemwa zikabazwa ako kanya zigahita zishyirwa mu ifuru. Ntacyo bimaze kumisha imbaho za Pinusi igihe zamaze
gufatwa n’ iriya ndwara ya Blue Stain. Ibiti bitagororotse neza ntibibazwamo imbaho kandi ni ngombwa gutema ingeri
ngufi kugira ngo hirindwe gusesagura igiti.
Uburyo bwo kumisha imbaho
Mbere y’ uko urubaho rukoreshwa rugomba kubanza kumishwa. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kumisha imbaho:
1. Kumishiriza hanze (Air dry method)
Imbaho zitondekwa ku buryo ziringanira zitandukanyijwe n’amarati. Ibi bituma imbaho zuma buhoro buhoro kandi
zitangiritse. Ni buryo bumara igihe kirekire kugeza aho ingano y’ amazi iba igera kuri 18 %
2. Kumisha imbaho mu ifuru(drying in kiln, a kind of oven)
Ubu buryo burihuta kandi bugabanya cyane ingano y’amazi. Imbaho zimara mu ifuru iminsi umunani, ingano y’ amazi
ikagera kuri 4%. Ibi bigomba gukoranywa ubwitonzi kugira ngo imbaho zitagorama.
Ibipimo by’ imbaho
Bitewe n’ ubwoko bw’urubaho, ibipimo by’ urubaho ni ibi bikurikira:
Ikitonderwa. Ku burebure bw’urubaho hagomba kwiyongeraho cm 5-10 kugira ngo nirusaduka kubera kuma
cyangwa se kwitura hasi ibipimo bidahungabana.
4.2.2. Amakara
Amakara akoreshwa cyane n’abatuye mu mijyi mu gutegura amafunguro. Aya makara avugwa aha ni akomoka ku
biti. Ibi biti biratemwa kandi bikumishwa neza (akenshi bimara ibyumweru bitatu). Mu Rwanda, hari uburyo bwinshi
bukoreshwa mu guca (gukora) amakara. Ubwo buryo buri mu byiciro bibiri bikurikira:
Uburyo bwo guca amakara bwa gakondo
Uburyo bwo guca amakara buvuguruye
4.2.2.1. Uburyo bwo guca amakara bwa gakondo
Ubu buryo bukorwa hategurwa ikibanza mu butaka, hakarundwamo ingeri z’ibiti, zikarenzwaho amababi y’ibyo biti
hanyuma hagatwikirizwaho itaka hasigaye umwanya wo gucaniramo. Iyo ifuru y’amakara imaze gufatwa, wa mwanya
wasigaye urafungwa. Kuri iyi furu, ikigomba kwitabwaho ni ukureba ko umwotsi usohokera mu mwenge umwe wo ku
mutwe. Iyi furu nubwo ariyo ikoreshwa cyane mu Rwanda, itanga umusaruro muke, imyotsi ivamo iba ari myinshi
kandi yangiza ikirere, amakara avamo aba adafite ingufu nyinshi (yaka vuba agashira vuba), amakara afata igihe
kirekire kugira ngo aboneke, iyi furu iba ishobora gutomboka, igateza inkongi y’umuriro igihe idacunzwe neza.
No
Ubwoko Ikivamo Ingero
1 Eucalyptus sp Madrier
4m*15cm*5cm
Planches -
2 Grevillea robusta Madrier
4M*15cm*5cm
Planches 4m*16cm*3cm
3 Cupressus Madrier 2m*14cm*7cm
Planches 2m*20cm*3cm
4 Pinus Madrier 4m*17cm*7cm
Planches 4m*30cm*3cm
4.2.2.2 Uburyo bwo guca amakara buvuguruye
Ni uburyo bwo guca amakara hakoreshejwe ibicanwa bike ugereranyije n’umusaruro uvamo. Ubu buryo bufite
umwihariko mu mirundire y’ibiti no gukoresha inzira y’umwotsi (chimney cg cheminée) ishyirwaho ukurikije
icyerekezo cy’umuyaga. Ubu buryo butuma umwotsi uyoborwa ukayungururwa mo bimwe mu byuka bibi bihumanya
ikirere kandi amakara akaboneka vuba. Ni uburyo kandi bugabanya impanuka z’inkongi y’umuriro n’igihombo
gishobora kubaho iyo ifuru yatombotse. Usibye kubona amakara, ubu buryo butuma imyotsi iyungururwa
hakaboneka mo imiti irwanya udukoko.
Ingero zo guca amakara hakoreshejwe uburyo buvuguruye:
a. Uburyo bwo guca amakara bwa gakondo buvuguruye
1. Gusiza ikibanza
Iyo furu ikorerwa ahantu hacuramye, hataringaniye cyangwa hegamiye umusozi. Hasizwa ikibanza hakurikijwe
ingero z’ifuru iba ifite m 2 z’uburebure na m 1,20 z’ubugali na m 1 y’ubuhagarike ku ruhande rw’umutwe wegamiye
umusozi, ishobora kujyamo amasiteri agera kuri 6.
Hategurwa umwanya uhagije hirya no hino wo gushyiramo igitaka kivuye mu ifuru. Iyo ikibanza cyuzuye, hapimwa
ahazajya amadirishya ane ku ruhande rwo mu mutwe muremure w’ifuru, ayo madirishya yinjiza umuyaga
akanasohora umwotsi mu dutembo twabigenewe aritwo twise inzira y’umwotsi (chimney cyangwa cheminées,)
2. Gupanga ibiti mu ifuru
Ibiti bikatwa hakurikijwe uburebure bw’ifuru hanyuma bigapangwa hakurikijwe ubunini bw’ibiti, ni ukuvuga ko ibiti
bifite umurambararo munini ari byo bibanza hasi mu ifuru, hagapangwa uko bigenda birutana kugeza ifuru yuzuye.
3. Gutwika ifuru
Iyo ibiti bimaze gupakirwa mu ifuru, mbere yo gutwika ifuru itwikirizwa ibyatsi bitegeshwa uduti duto two gutangira
ibyatsi n’ubutaka mu mutwe w’ifuru wo ku ruhande rutegereye umusozi rwagenewe gucanirwamo, nyuma
hagashyirwaho igitaka hadatabwa ahateganyirije gucanirwa mu ruhande ruteganye n’umutwe wegamiye umusozi.
Ahacanirwa hategurwa mu nsi y’ibiti ntacyo bigabanyije ku bunini bw’ifuru n’ibiyirimo cyangwa ngo bihindure
imiterere y’ifuru. Iyo birangiye ifuru iracanwa.
4. Guca amadirishya
Hapfundurwa amadirishya y’ifuru aba yakozwe hacukurwa ifuru, hagashyirwa inzira y’umwotsi ahagenewe gusohora
umwotsi hasigwa ahagenewe kwinjiza umuyaga.
5. Gukongeza no gukurikirana ifuru
Ucanira ifuru ahagenewe urucaniro n’umuriro kugeza igihe ubonye ko igihande wacaniyemo cyafashwe,
ugapfundikira umwotsi wose ugasohokera mu nzira zawo ziri mu mutwe w’umusozi uteganye n’uwo wacaniyemo. Iyo
ifuru imaze gufatwa, harebwa ahantu hose hashobora gutombokera, hagira ahazamukira umwotsi usa n’umweru
cyane (werurutse) atari mu madirishya cyangwa mu nzira z’umwotsi (cheminées) hagashyirwa ibyatsi hagatabwa
n’itaka. Iyo mu nzira z’umwotsi haza umwotsi w’ubururu hategerezwa ko wagabanuka wasa n’uwarangiye
hakavanwaho inzira z’umwotsi hanyuma ifuru igafungwa igatangira guhozwa. Iyo bahoza amakara, hakurwaho itaka
n’ibyatsi byari biyatwikiriye rigasimbuzwa irindi taka ribisi ricukurwa iruhande rw’ifuru. Iyo amakara amaze guhozwa
hakurikiraho kuyarura. Ubu buryo butanga umusaruro uhagije ku buryo isiteri imwe ivamo imifuka irenga ibiri mu gihe
uburyo bwa gakondo isiteri imwe ivamo umufuka umwe bigoranye.
b. Uburyo bwo guca amakara bwa Kazamanse (Casamance Kiln):
Mu kigereranyo ubu buryo butanga hagati y’imifuka ibiri n’itatu y’amakara meza ku isiteri y’inkwi yatwitswe mu gihe
uwakoresheje uburyo busanzwe abona umufuka umwe yiyushye akuya. Ubu buryo bwavumbuwe n’umuhanga
Ibrahim NDIAYE abuvumburiye i Casamance ho muri Senegali abwita «Meule Casamançaise cyangwa Casamance
kiln».
1. Gusiza ikibanza
Hashakwa ahantu heza hari ikibanza gihagije kandi haboneka itaka rihagije ryo gutwikira icyocyezo, hagasizwa
hakurikijwe ingano y’ibiti bizakoreshwa. Iyo ikibanza kirangiye, hashakwa igiti kirekire kigashingwa hagati mu kibanza
akaba aricyo giherwaho hapimwa umuzenguruko w’icyokezo kiba gifite ishusho y’uruziga. Urwo ruziga rucibwa
hakurikijwe ingano y’amasiteri azakoreshwa.
Dore ingero za ngombwa bakurikiza mu gukora urwo ruziga
Umubare w’amasiteri Umurambararo w’uruziga Akarambararo k’uruziga
10 3 m 1.5 m
11-20 4 m 2 m
21-40 6 m 3 m
41-60 8 m 4 m
61-100 10 m 5 m
3. Gupanga ibiti
Mbere yo gupanga ibiti habanza gukorwa urusaso rwo hasi ruzakoreshwa hapangwa ibiti rutuma ibiti bidakora hasi
ku itaka kuko iyo bikoze hasi bidashya.Iyo rurangiye, hapangwa ibiti haherewe ku ngiga nini cyane hagaherutswa
into kuko icyokezo gishya gituruka hasi kijya hejuru. Umurongo wa mbere iyo urangiye hafatwa undi wa kabiri
hamaze kuvangira umurongo wa mbere mwo uduti duto (amashami) kugira ngo icyokezo kizashobore kubyara
amakara menshi kandi gifatwe kitaruhije. Mu gupanga icyokezo hirindwa gukoza ibiti kuri cya giti cyashinzwe hagati,
hakagenda hasigwamwo umwanya kugira ngo hazaboneke aho gukongereza. Iyo ibi birangiye hakorwa isuku
iruhande rw’icyokezo, hagakizwaho imyanda yose iba ihari.
4. Gutwika icyokezo
Iyo icyokezo kirangije gupangwa, kiratwikwa. Mbere yo gutwika, habanza gushakwa uduti duto turinganiye
tukegekwa ku cyokezo kugira ngo gishobore gushyirwaho ibyatsi. Hagati y’agati n’akandi hasigaramo cm 30. Ibyo
birangiye hakurikiraho gutwika hifashishijwe ibyatsi biba byashashwe hejuru y’icyokezo no hasi kuri twa duti
wegetseho ku buryo nta taka rishobora kwinjiramo, nyuma hagatabwa icyokezo cyose n’itaka kuva hasi kugera
hejuru, kuburyo bya byatsi bitagaragara.
5. Gucamo amadirishya
Iyo icyokezo kirangije gutabwa hacibwamwo amadirishya. Ayo madirishya acibwa hakurikijwe uko icyokezo kingana
mu muzenguruko uhereye hasi ku kibanza kandi hagati y’idirishya n’irindi hagomba gusigaramo m 2.5. Iyo hacibwa
amadirishya hateganywa rimwe riteganye n’inzira y’umwotsi kuko ariryo rigaburira iyo nzira. Iyo amadirishya amaze
gucibwamwo hashyirwaho inzira y’umwotsi (igitembo)« cheminée » ku ruhande, ziba ari eshatu zifatanye zikabyara
inzira« cheminée » imwe. Iyi nzira ishyirwaho hakurikijwe aho umuyaga uganisha kugira ngo uzabashe gukurura
umwotsi.
6. Gukongeza no gukurikirana icyokezo
Habanzwa gucanwa amakara ku ruhande rw’icyokezo, yamara kuboneka akaba ariyo akoreshwa muri uwo muriro
wo gukongeza. Mu gihe hacanwa ayo makara, hashakwa uduti duto (udushami) n’imyase mito byifashishwa muri uko
gukongeza. Iyo hamaze kuboneka amakara, hafatwa twa dushami tukanagwa mu cyokezo tunagiwe hejuru muri wa
mwanya uba wagiye usigara hapangwa kugira ngo amakara ataza kumenwamo akagwa hasi akazima. Hakomezwa
kuyorwa kuri ya makara yacanywe ku ruhande hifashishijwe ibitiyo, akayorwa asukwa mu cyokezo
agatsindagirwamwo hakoreshejwe agati karekare kugira ngo icyokezo gifatwe gihereye hasi. Hagenda havangwa
amakara na twa duti duto na ya myase kugeza icyokezo kirangije gufatwa neza. Iyo icyokezo kimaze gufatwa neza,
hatsindagirwamo ibiti hakuzuzwa wa mwobo noneho hejuru hagashyirwaho ibyatsi byinshi, hagatabwa vuba vuba.
Icyo gihe umwotsi utangira guca muri ya madirishya n’inzira yawo « cheminée ».
Iyo icyokezo cyamaze gufatwa kirakurikiranwa hakarebwa ahantu hose gishobora gutombokera. Iyo habonetse
ahatangiye kuzamuka umwotsi usa n’umweru werurutse hatari mu madirishya cyangwa muri « cheminée »
hashyirwa ibyatsi hagatabishwa itaka. Ibi bikorwa hirindwa guhagarara ku cyokezo cyafashwe kuko gishobora
kuroboka bityo kigateza impanuka ahubwo hafatwa ibiti bibiri bikegekwa ku cyokezo akaba aribyo byuririrwaho igihe
cyo kuzimya ahatobotse. Icyokezo gishya kizenguruka, iyo idirishya rya mbere risohotsemo umuriro ntacyo
rikorwaho, hashira akanya gato hagafatwa agati kagakozwamwo, yaba ari makara hagatsindagirwamwo ibyatsi
hagatabishwa itaka. Bikomeza kugenda bityo kugeza ubwo amadirishya yose arangiye hagakurikiraho inzira
y’umwotsi (igitembo). Nayo iyo umuriro uzamukamo hajombwa agati iruhande rwayo haboneka amakara igakuruzwa
isuka kuko iba ishyushye ikavanwaho, hagapfukwa nk’uko hapfutswe andi madirishya.
Hari igihe «cheminée» izamuka umuriro hakiri amadirishya atarashya, icyo gihe bisaba kwimura «cheminée»
igashyirwa mu rundi ruhande rutarashya. Hari n’igihe ibyo byose birangira hajombwamwo agati bikagaragara ko
hakiri ibiti bitarashya. Icyo gihe hacibwa amadirishya aho hakiri ibiti bitarashya akubakirwa neza ariko bigakorwa
vuba vuba kuko hashobora kwaka hagicibwa amadirishya. Iyo icyokezo kimaze gushya neza kirahozwa nkuko
byavuzwe ku bundi buryo haruguru. Iyo hamaze guhozwa icyokezo hategurwa ahazarurirwa amakara. Hategurwa
havanwaho imyanda (ibyatsi, itaka) biba biri iruhande, hagasigara ikibanza gisukuye. Kwarura hakoreshwa majagu
n’ibitiyo hakagenda hanyanyagizwa amakara muri cya kibanza cyatunganyijwe.
Iteka iyo hatwikwa amakara hirindwa ko anyagirwa, kuko iyo anyagiwe ata ubwiza bwayo.
Ifoto igaragaza ifuru yitwa Kazamanse
4.2.3. Inkingi z’amashanyarazi
Iyo umuntu yifuza gukora inkingi z’amashanyarazi abitangira hakiri kare (Igihe cyo gutera ibiti bizavamo izo nkingi)
maze agatera ubwoko bw’ingemwe buzatanga ibiti byabugenewe (ni ukuvuga ibiti bigororotse cyane kandi bifite uruti
rwiburungushyuye neza) noneho akita ku ishyamba rye akurikije icyo azarikoresha.
a) Intambwe zikenerwa mu gukora inkingi z’amashyanyarazi.
Iyo ibiti bimaze kuboneka (bikuze) hakurikiraho gutoranya ibizavamo inkingi z’amashanyarazi, noneho
hagakurikiraho imirimo ikurikira:
1) Gutema ibyo biti;
2) Gukuraho igishishwa igiti kikiri kibisi;
3) Kumisha igiti amazi akagabanuka kugeza kuri 28% by’amazi ari mu giti (bikorwa hagati y’ibyumweru 6
kugeza ku mezi 6 bitewe n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe);
4) Kurunda neza ibiti kugira ngo bitagorama;
5) Kubicamo ingeri zigendanye n’ibipimo bikenewe;
6) Gushyiraho ibibirinda gusaduka;
7) Kubishyiramo umuti wabigenewe wo kubirinda udukoko no kubora biterwa n’ibihe bitandukanye ibyo biti
bizakoreshwamo ;
8) Kugenzura niba umuti wagiyemo neza ku bipimo byabugenewe;
9) Kubishyira mu bubiko bwabyo aho bitegereje kugurishwa.
b) Akamaro ko gukora inkingi z’amashyanyarazi
1) Byongera agaciro k’ibikomoka ku mashyamba
2) Inkingi zikenewe ziboneka hafi (mu gihugu)
3) Bigabanya amadovize ajya hanze igihugu gitumiza inkingi z’amashanyarazi hanze
4) Bitanga akazi ku banyagihugu
c) Ibipimo bikorwamo inkingi z’amashyanyarazi
Ibipimo by’inkingi z’amashanyarazi bitandukana hakurikijwe aho zizakoreshwa; bityo rero dushingiye ku
masoko y’inkingi z’amashanyarazi aboneka mu Rwanda, ibipimo bikunze gukoreshwa bikubiye mu
mbonerahamwe ikurikira:
Isoko Uburebure (m) Umubyimba ku mutwe w’inkingi (Cm)
REG mu Rwanda 9 12
9 14
9 15,5
12 14
14 16
Umeme yo muri Uganda 10 17
Kenya Power and Lighting
Company yo muri Kenya
10 18
11 18
UMUGEREKA WA 1: AMOKO Y’IBITI BY’ISHYAMBA, IBIVANGWA N’IMYAKA N’IBYO MU MIJYI ABERANYE N’UTURERE KAMERE TW’IGIHUGU.
1. AMOKO Y’IBITI ATERWA NK’ISHYAMBA
NO AMAZINA Y’IBITI UDUCE TW’IGIHUGU AMOKO Y’IBITI ABERANYE NATWO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 Eucalyptus tereticornis X X X XX XX XX XX X X X X X X X
2 Eucalyptus camaldulensis x X X XX XX X XX XX
3 Eucalyptus microcorys x xx xx xx xx xx x xx
4 Eucalyptus globulus x x xx x x x xx xx xx xx xx
5 Eucalyptus maideni x x xx xx xx xx xx
6 Callitris robusta x xx x xx x x x x
7 Pinus caribaea xx xx xx xx x x
8 Pinus patula xx xx x x x x xx xx xx xx xx
9 Pinus kesiya x x x x xx xx xx xx
10 Pinus oocarpa xx x x x x
11 Podocarpus falcatus xx xx
12 Alnus acuminata x xx xx xx xx xx xx
13 Alnus nepalensis x xx xx xx xx xx xx
14 Croton megalocarpus x xx xx xx xx x
15 Cedrella serrata x x x xx xx xx xx xx x x x x x x x x
16 Grevillea robusta xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x xx x x x x xx xx xx xx
17 Markhamia lutea x x x x xx xx xx x xx x xx xx xx xx
18 Polyscias fulva x x x x x xx xx xx xx xx
19 Pterygota mildbraedii xx xx
20 Maesopsis eminii xx xx xx x x x x
21 Newtonia buchananii xx xx x x xx xx
22 Ocotea michelsonii xx
23 Olea hochstetteri x
24 Prunus africana x
25 Strombosia globulifera x
2. AMOKO Y’IBITI BIVANGWA N’IMYAKA N’UBWOROZI
NO AMAZINA Y’IBITI UDUCE TW’IGIHUGU AMOKO Y’IBITI ABERANYE NATWO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 Albizia gummifera x xx xx xx x x xx xx xx xx xx
2 Calliandra calothyrsus xx xx xx xx x xx xx xx xx x x x x xx xx xx xx
3 Cedrella serrata x x x xx xx xx xx xx x x x x x x x x
4 Macadamia integrifolia xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
5 Markhamia lutea x x x x xx xx xx x xx x xx xx xx xx
6 Polyscias fulva x x x x x xx xx xx xx xx
7 Grevillea robusta xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x xx x x x x xx xx xx xx
8 Pterygota mildbraedii xx xx
9 Alnus acuminata x xx xx xx xx xx xx
10 Alnus nepalensis x xx xx xx xx xx xx
11 Senna siamea x x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
12 Senna spectabilis x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
13 Sesbania sesban x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
14 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius x x xx xx xx xx xx x x x x
15 Croton megalocarpus x xx xx xx xx x
16 Tephrosia vogelii x x x x x x x x x x x
17 Cajanus cajan x x x x x x x x x x x
18 Persea americana x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
19 Mangifera indica x x x x x x x
20 Citrus Sp. x x x x x x x x x x x
3. AMOKO Y’IBITI ATERWA MU MIJYI, KU MIHANDA, AHARI INYUBAKO, KU MIGEZI N’IBIYAGA
NO AMAZINA Y’IBITI UDUCE TW’IGIHUGU AMOKO Y’IBITI ABERANYE NATWO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 Jacaranda mimosifolia X X X XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
2 Spathodea campanulata X X X XX XX XX XX XX
3 Casuarina equisetifolia, XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
4 Acrocarpus flaxinifolius x x xx xx xx xx xx x x x x
5 Bambusa vulgaris XX XX XX XX XX X X XX XX XX XX X X X X
6 Arundinaria alpina XX XX XX XX
7 Croton megalocarpus x xx xx xx xx x
8 Grevillea robusta xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx x xx x x x x xx xx xx xx
9 Podocarpus falcatus xx xx
10 Delonix regia x x x
11 Terminalia menthaly xx xx xx xx xx xx x xx xx xx xx xx
12 Araucaria cunninghamiana xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
13 Araucaria brasiliana xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
14 Brachychitson acerifolius xx xx
15 Sesbania sesban x x xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
16 Maesopsis eminii xx xx xx x x x x
17 Eucalyptus tereticornis X X X XX XX XX XX X X X X X X X
18 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Xx X X XX XX X XX XX
19 Eucalyptus microcorys x xx xx xx xx xx x xx
20 Eucalyptus globulus x x xx x x x xx xx xx xx xx
21 Eucalyptus maideni x x xx xx xx xx xx
22 Callitris robusta x xx x xx x x x x
23 Pinus caribaea xx xx xx xx x x
24 Pinus patula xx xx x x x x xx xx xx xx xx
25 Pinus kesiya x x x x xx xx xx xx
26 Pinus oocarpa xx x x x x
27 Mitragyna rubrostipulosa xx xx xx xx
28 Ficus thonningii xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
Ibisobanuro (Gasana, 1988): 1 : Imbo, 2 : Impala iri ku butaka bukomoka ku makoro 3 : Impala y’igishonyi 4 : Imisozi miremire ya Cyangugu, 5 :Inkengero z’ikiyaga
cya Kivu, 6 : Umurambi wo mu majyepfo, 7 : Imisozi y’urubuye, 8 :Umurambi wa Bumbogo – Buliza, 9 : Amabanga y’isunzu rya Congo – Nil, 10 : Umurambi w’i
Burasirazuba, 11:Imisozi miremire y’u Bufundu n’u Bushiru,12 : Imisozi miremire y’u Budaha, Ndiza n’u Buberuka, 13 : Imisozi miremire y’amakoro, 14 :Imisozi miremire
y’ubutaka bw’amakoro y’imvange, 15 : Bugesera, 16 : Mayaga, 17 : Mutara, 18 : Kibungo y’iburasirazuba. XX: Ubwoko bw’igiti buberanye n’aho hantu kandi ni ho
butanga umusaruro uri hejuru. X : Ubwoko bw’igiti buberanye n’aho hantu kandi umusaruro uri hasi gato ugereranyije na XX.
Ahandikwa ibyakozwe buri munsi cyangwa incamake y’ibyakozwe mu Cyumweru
MUTARAMA 2016
Kuwa gatanu 01
Kuwa gatandatu 02
Ku cyumweru 03 Icyumweru cya mbere 2016
Kuwa mbere 04
Kuwa kabiri 05
Kuwa gatatu 06
Kuwa kane 07
Kuwa gatanu 08
Kuwa gatandatu 9
Ku cyumweru 10 Icyumweru cya kabiri 2016
Kuwa mbere 11
Kuwa kabiri 12
Kuwa gatatu 13
Kuwa kane 14
Kuwa gatanu 15
Kuwa gatandatu 16
Ku cyumweru 17 Icyumweru cya gatatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 18
Kuwa kabiri 19
Kuwa gatatu 20
Kuwa kane 21
Kuwa gatanu 22
Kuwa gatandatu 23
Ku cyumweru 24 Icyumweru cya kane 2016
Kuwa mbere 25
Kuwa kabiri 26
Kuwa gatatu 27
Kuwa kane 28
Kuwa gatanu 29
Kuwa gatandatu 30
Ku cyumweru 31 Icyumweru cya gatanu 2016
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA MUTARAMA 2015
GASHYANTARE 2016
Kuwa mbere 01
Kuwa kabiri 02
Kuwa gatatu 03
Kuwa kane 04
Kuwa gatanu 05
Kuwa gatandatu 06
Ku cyumweru 07 Icyumweru cya gatandatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 08
Kuwa kabiri 09
Kuwa gatatu 10
Kuwa kane 11
Kuwa gatanu 12
Kuwa gatandatu 13
Ku cyumweru 14 Icyumweru cya karindwi 2016
Kuwa mbere 15
Kuwa kabiri 16
Kuwa gatatu 17
Kuwa kane 18
Kuwa gatanu 19
Kuwa gatandatu 20
Ku cyumweru 21 Icyumweru cya munani 2016
Kuwa mbere 22
Kuwa kabiri 23
Kuwa gatatu 24
Kuwa kane 25
Kuwa gatanu 26
Kuwa gatandatu 27
Ku cyumweru 28 Icyumweru cya cyenda 2016
Kuwa mbere 29
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA GASHYANTARE 2016
WERURWE 2016
Kuwa kabiri 01
Kuwa gatatu 02
Kuwa kane 03
Kuwa gatanu 04
Kuwa gatandatu 05
Ku cyumweru 06 Icyumweru cya cumi 2016
Kuwa mbere 07
Kuwa kabiri 8
Kuwa gatatu 9
Kuwa kane 10
Kuwa gatanu 11
Kuwa gatandatu 12
Ku cyumweru 13 Icyumweru cya cumi na kimwe 2016
Kuwa mbere 14
Kuwa kabiri 15
Kuwa gatatu 16
Kuwa kane 17
Kuwa gatanu 18
Kuwa gatandatu 19
Ku cyumweru 20 Icyumweru cya cumi na kabiri 2016
Kuwa mbere 21
Kuwa kabiri 22
Kuwa gatatu 23
Kuwa kane 24
Kuwa gatanu 25
Kuwa gatandatu 26
Ku cyumweru 27 Icyumweru cya cumi na gatatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 28
Kuwa kabiri 29
Kuwa gatatu 30
Kuwa kane 31
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA WERURWE 2016
Kuwa gatanu 01 MATA 2016
Kuwa gatandatu 02
Ku cyumweru 03 Icyumweru cya cumi na kane 2016
Kuwa mbere 04
Kuwa kabiri 05
Kuwa gatatu 06
Kuwa kane 07
Kuwa gatanu 8
Kuwa gatandatu 9
Ku cyumweru 10 Icyumweru cya cumi na gatanu 2016
Kuwa mbere 11
Kuwa kabiri 12
Kuwa gatatu 13
Kuwa kane 14
Kuwa gatanu 15
Kuwa gatandatu 16
Ku cyumweru 17 Icyumweru cya cumi na gatandatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 18
Kuwa kabiri 19
Kuwa gatatu 20
Kuwa kane 21
Kuwa gatanu 22
Kuwa gatandatu 23
Ku cyumweru 24 Icyumweru cya cumi na karindwi 2016
Kuwa mbere 25
Kuwa kabiri 26
Kuwa gatatu 27
Kuwa kane 28
Kuwa gatanu 29
Kuwa gatandatu 30
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA MATA 2016
GICURASI 2016
Ku cyumweru 01 Icyumweru cya cumi n’umunani
Kuwa mbere 02
kuwa kabiri 03
Kuwa gatatu 04
Kuwa kane 05
Kuwa gatanu 06
Kuwa gatandatu 07
Ku cyumweru 8 Icyumweru cya cumi n’icyenda 2016
Kuwa mbere 9
Kuwa kabiri 10
Kuwa gatatu 11
Kuwa kane 12
Kuwa gatanu 13
Kuwa gatandatu 14
Ku cyumweru 15 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri 2016
Kuwa mbere 16
Kuwa kabiri 17
Kuwa gatatu18
Kuwa kane 19
Kuwa gatanu 20
Kuwa gatandatu 21
Ku cyumweru 22 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na rimwe 2016
Kuwa mbere 23
Kuwa kabiri 24
Kuwa gatatu 25
Kuwa kane 26
Kuwa gatanu 27
Kuwa gatandatu 28
Ku cyumweru 29 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na kabiri 2016
Kuwa mbere 30
Kuwa kabiri 31
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA GICURASI 2016
KAMENA 2016
Kuwa gatatui 01
Kuwa kane 02
Kuwa gatanu 03
Kuwa gatandatu 04
Ku cyumweru 05 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na gatatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 06
Kuwa kabiri 07
Kuwa gatatu 8
Kuwa kane 9
Kuwa gatanu 10
Kuwa gatandatu 11
Ku cyumweru 12 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na kane 2016
Kuwa mbere 13
Kuwa kabiri 14
Kuwa gatatu 15
Kuwa kane 16
Kuwa gatanu 17
Kuwa gatandatu 18
Ku cyumweru 19 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na gatanu 2016
Kuwa mbere 20
Kuwa kabiri 21
Kuwa gatatu 22
Kuwa kane 23
Kuwa gatanu 24
Kuwa gatandatu 25
Ku cyumweru 26 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na gatandatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 27
Kuwa kabiri 28
Kuwa gatatu 29
Kuwa kane 30
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA KAMENA 2016
NYAKANGA 2016
Kuwa gatanu 01
Kuwa gatandatu 02
Ku cyumweru 03 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri na karindwi 2016
Kuwa mbere 04
Kuwa kabiri 05
Kuwa gatatu 06
Kuwa kane 07
Kuwa gatanu 8
Kuwa gatandatu 9
Ku cyumweru 10 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri n’umunani 2016
Kuwa mbere 11
Kuwa kabiri 12
Kuwa gatatu 13
Kuwa kane 14
Kuwa gatanu 15
Kuwa gatandatu 16
Ku cyumweru 17 Icyumweru cya makumyabiri n’icyenda 2016
Kuwa mbere 18
Kuwa kabiri 19
Kuwa gatatu 20
Kuwa kane 21
Kuwa gatanu 22
Kuwa gatandatu 23
Ku cyumweru 24 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 25
Kuwa kabiri 26
Kuwa gatatu 27
Kuwa kane 28
Kuwa gatanu 29
Kuwa gatandatu 30
Ku cyumweru 31 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu na kimwe 2016
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA NYAKANGA 2016
KANAMA 2016
Kuwa mbere 01
Kuwa kabiri 02
Kuwa gatatu 03
Kuwa kane 04
Kuwa gatanu 05
Kuwa gatandatu 06
Ku cyumweru 07 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu na kabiri 2016
Kuwa mbere 8
Kuwa kabiri 9
Kuwa gatatu 10
Kuwa kane 11
Kuwa gatanu 12
Kuwa gatandatu 13
Ku cyumweru 14 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu na gatatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 15
Kuwa kabiri 16
Kuwa gatatu 17
Kuwa kane 18
Kuwa gatanu 19
Kuwa gatandatu 20
Ku cyumweru 21 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu na kane 2015
Kuwa mbere 22
Kuwa kabiri 23
Kuwa gatatu 24
Kuwa kane 25
Kuwa gatanu 26
Kuwa gatandatu 27
Ku cyumweru 28 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu na gatanu 2016
Kuwa mbere 29
Kuwa kabiri 30
Kuawa gatatu 31
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA KANAMA 2016
NZERI 2016
Kuwa kane 01
Kuwa gatanu 02
Kuwa gatandatu 03
Ku cyumweru 04 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu na gatandatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 05
Kuwa kabiri 06
Kuwa gatatu 07
Kuwa kane 8
Kuwa gatanu 9
Kuwa gatandatu 10
Ku cyumweru 11 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu na karindwi 2016
Kuwa mbere 12
Kuwa kabiri 13
Kuwa gatatu 14
Kuwa kane 15
Kuwa gatanu 16
Kuwa gatandatu 17
Ku cyumweru 18 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu n’umunani 2016
Kuwa mbere 19
Kuwa kabiri 20
Kuwa gatatu 21
Kuwa kane 22
Kuwa gatanu 23
Kuwa gatandatu 24
Ku cyumweru 25 Icyumweru cya mirongo itatu n’icyenda 2016
Kuwa mbere 26
Kuwa kabiri 27
Kuwa gatatu 28
Kuwa kane 29
Kuwa gatanu 30
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA NZERI 2016
UKWAKIRA 2016
Kuwa gatandatu 01
Ku cyumweru 02 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine 2016
Kuwa mbere 03
Kuwa kabiri 04
Kuwa gatatu 05
Kuwa kane 06
Kuwa gatanu 07
Kuwa gatandatu 8
Ku cyumweru 9 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine na rimwe 2016
Kuwa mbere 10
Kuwa kabiri 11
Kuwa gatatu 12
Kuwa kane 15
Kuwa gatanu 14
Kuwa gatandatu 15
Ku cyumweru 16 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine na kabiri 2016
Kuwa mbere 17
Kuwa kabiri 18
Kuwa gatatu 19
Kuwa kane 20
Kuwa gatanu 21
Kuwa gatandatu 22
Ku cyumweru 23 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine na gatatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 24
Kuwa kabiri 25
Kuwa gatatu 26
Kuwa kane 27
Kuwa gatanu 28
Kuwa gatandatu 29
Ku cyumweru 30 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine na kane 2016
Kuwa mbere 31
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA UKWAKIRA 2014
UGUSHYINGO 2016
Kuwa kabiri 01
Kuwa gatatu 02
Kuwa kane 03
Kuwa gatanu 04
Kuwa gatandatu 05
Ku cyumweru 06 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine na gatanu 2016
Kuwa mbere 07
Kuwa kabiri 8
Kuwa gatatu 9
Kuwa kane 10
Kuwa gatanu 11
Kuwa gatandatu 12
Ku cyumweru 13 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine na gatandatu 2016
Kuwa mbere 14
Kuwa kabiri 15
Kuwa gatatu 16
Kuwa kane 17
Kuwa gatanu 18
Kuwa gatandatu 19
Ku cyumweru 20 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine na karindwi 2016
Kuwa mbere 21
Kuwa kabiri 22
Kuwa gatatu 23
Kuwa kane 24
Kuwa gatanu 25
Kuwa gatandatu 26
Ku cyumweru 27 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine n’umunani 2016
Kuwa mbere 28
Kuwa kabiri 29
Kuwa gatatu 30
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KWA UGUSHYINGO 2016
UKUBOZA 2016
Kuwa kane 01
Kuwa gatanu 02
Kuwa gatandatu 03
Ku cyumweru04 Icyumweru cya mirongo ine n’icyenda 2016
Kuwa mbere 05
Kuwa kabiri 06
Kuwa gatatu 07
Kuwa kane 8
Kuwa gatanu 9
Kuwa gatandatu 10
Ku cyumweru 11 Icyumweru cya mirongo itanu 2016
Kuwa mbere 12
Kuwa kabiri 13
Kuwa gatatu 14
Kuwa kane 15
Kuwa gatanu 16
Kuwa gatandatu 17
Ku cyumweru 18 Icyumweru cya mirongo itanu na kimwe 2016
Kuwa mbere 19
Kuwa kabiri 20
Kuwa gatatu 21
Kuwa kane 22
Kuwa gatanu 23
Kuwa gatandatu 24
Ku cyumweru 25 Icyumweru cya mirongo itanu na kabiri 2016
Kuwa mbere 26
Kuwa kabiri 27
Kuwa gatatu 28
Kuwa kane 29
Kuwa gatanu 30
Kuwa gatandatu 31
AHANDIKWA INCAMACYE Y’IBYAKOZWE MU KWEZI KW’ UKUBOZA 2016
