xksLokeh rqylhnklxksLokeh rqylhnklxksLokeh rqylhnklxksLokeh rqylhnklxksLokeh rqylhnkl

tUe % lu~ 1532] ck¡nk (mÙkj izns'k) f”kys osQ jktkiqj xk¡oesa ekuk tkrk gSizeq[k jpuk,¡ % jkepfjrekul] fou;if=kdk] xhrkoyh] Jho`Q".kxhrkoyh] nksgkoyh] dforkoyh] jkekKk&iz'ufu/u % lu~ 1623] dk'kh esa

ân;&¯lèkq efr lhi lekukA Lokrh lkjn dg¯g lqtkukAAtkSa cj"kS cj ckfj fopk:A gks g dfcr eqoqQrkeuh pk:AA

dhjfr Hkfufr Hkwfr Hky lksbZA lqjlfj le lc dg¡ fgr gksbZAA

HkfDrdky dh lxq.k dkO;&èkkjk esa jkeHkfDr 'kk[kk osQ loksZifj dfo xksLokehrqylhnkl esa HkfDr ls dfork cukus dh izfozQ;k dh lgt ifj.kfr gSA ijarq mudh HkfDrbl gn rd yksdksUeq[k gS fd os yksdeaxy dh lkèkuk osQ dfo osQ :i esa izfrf"Br gSaA;g ckr u flI+kZQ mudh dkO;&laosnuk dh n`f"V ls] oju~ dkO;Hkk"kk osQ ?kVdksa dh n`f"Vls Hkh lR; gSA bldk lcls izdV izek.k rks ;gh gS fd 'kkL=kh; Hkk"kk (laLo`Qr) esaltZu&{kerk gksus osQ ckotwn mUgksaus yksdHkk"kk (voèkh o cztHkk"kk) dks lkfgR;&jpuk osQekè;e osQ :i esa pquk vkSj cqukA ftl izdkj muesa HkDr vkSj jpukdkj dk }a} gS] mlhizdkj 'kkL=k o yksd dk }a} gS_ ftlesa laosnuk dh n`f"V ls yksd dh vksj os >qosQ gSa rksf'kYixr e;kZnk dh n`f"V ls 'kkL=k dh vksjA 'kkL=kh;rk dks yksdxzká rFkk yksdx`ghr dks'kkL=kh; cukus dh mHk;eq[kh izfozQ;k muosQ ;gk¡ pyrh gSA ;g rÙo mUgsa fo}kuksa rFkktulkekU; esa leku :i ls yksdfiz; cukrk gSA mudh ,d vuU; fo'ks"krk gS fd osnk'kZfud vkSj ykSfdd Lrj osQ ukuk }a}ksa osQ fp=k.k vkSj muosQ leUo; osQ dfo gSaA^}a}&fp=k.k* tgk¡ lHkh fopkj@Hkkoèkkjk osQ yksxksa dks rqylh&dkO; esa viuh&viuh mifLFkfrdk larks"k nsrk gS] ogha ^leUo;* mudh mQijh fofHkUurk esa fufgr ,d gh ekuoh; lw=kdks miyCèk djk osQ lalkj esa ,drk o 'kkafr dk ekxZ iz'kLr djrk gSA

8

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vkjksg

46

rqylhnkl dh yksd o 'kkL=k nksuksa esa xgjh iSB gS rFkk thou o txr dh O;kidvuqHkwfr vkSj ekfeZd izlaxksa dh mUgsa vpwd le> gSA ;g fo'ks"krk mUgsa egkdfo cukrhgS vkSj blh ls izo`Qfr o thou osQ fofoèk Hkkoiw.kZ fp=kksa ls mudk jpuk lalkj le`¼ gS]fo'ks"kdj ^jkepfjrekul*A blh ls ;g fganh dk vf}rh; egkdkO; cudj mHkjk gSA bldhfo'oizfl¼ yksdfiz;rk osQ ihNs lhrkjke dFkk ls vfèkd yksd&laosnuk vkSj lekt dhuSfrd cukoV dh le> gSA muosQ lhrk&jke bZ'oj dh vis{kk rqylh osQ ns'k dky osQvkn'kks± osQ vuq:i ekuoh; èkjkry ij iqu% l`"V pfj=k gSaA xksLokeh th xzkeh.k o o`Q"kdlaLo`Qfr rFkk jDr lacaèk dh e;kZnk ij vkn'khZo`Qr x`gLFk thou osQ fprsjs dfo gSaA

rqylhnkl bl vFkZ esa fganh osQ tkrh; dfo gSa fd vius le; esa fganh&{ks=k esaizpfyr lkjs HkkokRed o dkO;Hkk"kk;h rÙokssa dk izfrfufèkRo os djrs gSaA bl lanHkZ esa Hkko]fopkj] dkO;&:i] Nan vkSj dkO;Hkk"kk dh tks cgqy le`f¼ muesa fn[krh gSµog vf}rh;gSA rRdkyhu fganh&{ks=k dh nksuksa dkO; Hkk"kkvksaµvoèkh o cztHkk"kk rFkk nksuksa laLo`QfrdFkkvksaµlhrkjke o jkèkko`Q".k dh dFkkvksa dks lkfèkdkj viuh vfHkO;fDr dk ekè;ecukrs gSaA miek vyadkj osQ {ks=k esa tks iz;ksx&oSf'k"V~; dkfynkl dh igpku gS] oghigpku lkax:id osQ {ks=k esa rqylhnkl dh gSA

fofoèk fo"kerkvksa ls xzLr dfydky rqylh dk ;qxhu ;FkkFkZ gS] ftlesa os o`Qikyq izHkq jkeo jkejkT; dk LoIu jprs gSaA ;qx vkSj mlesa vius thou dk u flI+kZQ mUgsa xgjk cksèk gS] cfYd mldhvfHkO;fDr esa Hkh os vius ledkyhu dfo;ksa ls vkxs gSaA ;gk¡ ikB esa izLrqr dforkoyh* osQ nks dfoÙkvkSj ,d loS;k blosQ izek.kLo:i gSaA igys Nan (¶fdlch fdlku---¸ )esa mUgksaus fn[kyk;k gS fdlalkj osQ vPNs&cqjs leLr yhyk&iziapksa dk vkèkkj isV dh vkx* dk nk#.k o xgu ;FkkFkZ gS_ ftldklekèkku os jke&:ih ?ku';ke (es?k) osQ o`Qik&ty esa ns[krs gSaA bl izdkj] mudh jke&HkfDr isVdh vkx cq>kus okyh ;kuh thou osQ ;FkkFkZ ladVksa dk lekèkku djus okyh gS_ lkFk gh thou&ckávkè;kfRed eqfDr nsus okyh HkhA nwljs Nan (¶[ksrh u fdlku---¸) esa izo`Qfr vkSj 'kklu dh fo"kerkls mith csdkjh o xjhch dh ihM+k dk ;FkkFkZijd fp=k.k djrs gq, mls n'kkuu (jko.k) ls miferdjrs gSaA rhljs Nan (¶èkwr dgkS---¸) esa HkfDr dh xgurk vkSj l?kurk esa mits HkDr&ân; osQvkRefo'okl dk ltho fp=k.k gS] ftlls lekt esa O;kIr tkr&ik¡r vkSj èkeZ osQ foHksnd nqjkxzgksa osQfrjLdkj dk lkgl iSnk gksrk gSA bl izdkj HkfDr dh jpukRed Hkwfedk dk laosQr ;gk¡ gS] tks vktosQ HksnHkkoewyd lkekftd&jktuhfrd ekgkSy esa vfèkd izklafxd gSA

^jkepfjrekul* osQ yadk dkaM ls x`ghr y{e.k osQ 'kfDr ck.k yxus dk izlax dfo dhekfeZd LFkyksa dh igpku dk ,d Js"B uewuk gSSA HkkbZ osQ 'kksd esa foxfyr jke dk foyki èkhjs&èkhjsizyki esa cny tkrk gS] ftlesa y{e.k osQ izfr jke osQ varj esa fNis izse osQ dbZ dks.k lglkvuko`r gks tkrs gSaA ;g izlax bZ'ojh; jke dk iwjh rjg ls ekuohdj.k dj nsrk gS] ftlls ikBd

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dforkoyh vkSj jkepfjrekul ls

47

dk dkO;&eeZ ls lhèks tqM+ko gks tkrk gS vkSj og HkDr rqylh osQ Hkhrj ls dfo rqylh osQ mHkjvkus vkSj iwjs izlax ij mlosQ Nk tkus dh vuqHkwfr djrk gSA bl ?kus 'kksd&ifjos'k esa guqeku dklathouh ysdj vk tkuk dfo dks d#.k jl osQ chp ohj jl osQ mn; osQ :i esa fn[krk gSA ;gmiek vn~Hkqr gS vkSj dkO;xr d#.k&izlax dks thou osQ eaxy&fodkl dh vksj ys tkrh gSA

xksLokeh rqylhnkl

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vkjksg

48dforkoyh dforkoyh dforkoyh dforkoyh dforkoyh (mmmmmÙÙÙÙÙkj dkaM lskj dkaM lskj dkaM lskj dkaM lskj dkaM ls)

fdlch] fdlku&oqQy] cfud] fHk[kkjh] HkkV]pkdj] piy uV] pksj] pkj ] psVdhA

isVdks i<+r] xqu x<+r] p<+r fxfj]vVr xgu&xu vgu v[ksVdhAA

m¡Qps&uhps dje] èkje&vèkje dfj]isV gh dks ipr] cspr csVk&csVdhA

^rqylh* cq>kb ,d jke ?kuL;ke gh rsa]vkfx cM+okfxrsa cM+h gS vkfx isVdhAA

[ksrh u fdlku dks] fHk[kkjh dks u Hkh[k] cfy]cfud dks cfut] u pkdj dks pkdjhA

thfodk fcghu yksx lh|eku lksp cl]dgSa ,d ,du lksa ^dgk¡ tkbZ] dk djh\*

csngw¡ iqjku dgh] yksdgw¡ fcyksfdvr]lk¡djs lcSa iS] jke! jkojsa o`Qik djhA

nkfjn&nlkuu nckb Z n quh] nhucaèk q !nqfjr&ngu nsf[k rqylh ggk djhAA

èkwr dgkS] voèkwRk dgkS] jtiwrq dgkS] tksygk dgkS dksmQAdkgw dh csVhlksa csVk u C;kgc] dkgwdh tkfr fcxkj u lksmQAArqylh ljuke xqykeq gS jke dks] tkdks jQpS lks dgS dNq vksmQAek¡fx oSQ [kScks] elhr dks lksbcks] yScksdks ,oqQ u nScdks nksÅA

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dforkoyh vkSj jkepfjrekul ls

49

y{e.k&ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foykiy{e.k&ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foykiy{e.k&ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foykiy{e.k&ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foykiy{e.k&ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foykinksgk

ro izrki mj jkf[k izHkq tSgm¡ ukFk rqjarAvl dfg vk;lq ikb in cafn pysm guqearAAHkjr ckgq cy lhy xqu izHkq in izhfr vikjAeu egq¡ tkr ljkgr iqfu iqfu iouoqQekjAA

mgk¡ jke yfNeufg fugkjhA cksys cpu euqt vuqlkjhAAvèkZ jkfr xb dfi ufga vk;mA jke mBkb vuqt mj yk;mQAAldgq u nqf[kr nsf[k eksfg dkmQA caèkq lnk ro e`nqy lqHkkmQAAee fgr ykfx rtsgq firq ekrkA lgsgq fcfiu fge vkri ckrkAA

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50

lks vuqjkx dgk¡ vc HkkbZA mBgq u lqfu ee cp fcdykbZAAtkSa tursm¡ cu caèkq fcNksgwA firq cpu eursm¡ ufga vksgwAAlqr fcr ukfj Hkou ifjokjkA gksfga tkfga tx ckjfga ckjkAAvl fcpkfj ft;¡ tkxgq rkrkA feyb u txr lgksnj HkzkrkAAtFkk ia[k fcuq [kx vfr nhukA efu fcuq iQfu dfjcj dj ghukAAvl ee ftou caèkq fcuq rksghA tkSa tM+ nSo ftvkoS eksghAAtSgm¡ voèk dou eqgq¡ ykbZA ukfj gsrq fiz; Hkkb x¡okbZAAcjQ vitl lgrsm¡ tx ekghaA ukfj gkfu fcls"k Nfr ukghaAAvc viyksoqQ lksoqQ lqr rksjkA lfgfg fuBqj dBksj mj eksjkAAfut tuuh osQ ,d oqQekjkA rkr rklq rqEg izku vèkkjkAlkaSisfl eksfg rqEgfg xfg ikuhA lc fcfèk lq[kn ije fgr tkuhAAmrjQ dkg nSgm¡ rsfg tkbZA mfB fdu eksfg fl[kkogq HkkbZAAcgq fcfèk lkspr lksp fcekspuA lzor lfyy jkfto ny ykspuAAmek ,d v[kaM j?kqjkbZA uj xfr Hkxr o`Qiky ns[kkbZAA

lksjBk

izHkq izyki lqfu dku fcdy Hk, ckuj fudjvkb x;m guqeku ftfe djQuk e¡g chj jlAA

gjf"k jke HksVsm guqekukA vfr o`QrX; izHkq ije lqtkukAArqjr cSn rc dhfUg mikbZA mfB cSBs yfNeu gj"kkbZAAân;¡ ykb izHkq HksaVsm HkzkrkA gj"ks ldy Hkkyq dfi czkrkAAdfi iqfu cSn rgk¡ igq¡pkokA tsfg fcfèk rcfga rkfg yb vkokAA;g c`rkar nlkuu lqusmQA vfr fc"kkn iqfu iqfu flj èkqusmQAAC;koqQy oqQaHkdju ifga vkokA fcfc/ tru dfj rkfg txkokAAtkxk fuflpj nsf[kv oSQlkA ekugq¡ dkyq nsg /fj cSlkAAoqaQHkdju cw>k dgq HkkbZA dkgs ro eq[k jgs lq[kkbZAAdFkk dgh lc rsfga vfHkekuhA tsfg izdkj lhrk gfj vkuhAArkr dfiUg lc fuflpj ekjsA egk egk tksèkk la?kkjsAAnqeZq[k lqjfjiq euqt vgkjhA HkV vfrdk; vdaiu HkkjhAAvij egksnj vkfnd chjk A ijs lej efg lc juèkhjkAA

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dforkoyh vkSj jkepfjrekul ls

51

nksgklqfu nloaQèkj cpu rc oqQaHkdju fcy[kkuAtxnack gfj vkfu vc lB pkgr dY;kuAA

vH;kl

ikB osQ lkFk

1- dforkoyh esa m¼`r Nanksa osQ vkèkkj ij Li"V djsa fd rqylhnkl dks vius ;qx dh vkfFkZdfo"kerk dh vPNh le> gSA

2- isV dh vkx dk 'keu bZ'oj (jke) HkfDr dk es?k gh dj ldrk gSµ rqylh dk ;gdkO;&lR; D;k bl le; dk Hkh ;qx&lR; gS\ roZQlaxr mÙkj nhft,A

3- rqylh us ;g dgus dh ”k:jr D;ksa le>h\èkwr dgkS] voèkwr dgkS] jtiwrq dgkS] tksygk dgkS dksmQ @ dkgw oQh csVhlksa csVk uC;kgc] dkgwdh tkfr fcxkj u lksmQA bl loS;k esa dkgw osQ csVklksa csVh u C;kgc dgrsrks lkekftd vFkZ esa D;k ifjorZu vkrk\

4- èkwr dgkS--- okys Nan esa mQij ls ljy o fujhg fn[kykbZ iM+us okys rqylh dh Hkhrjh vlfy;r,d LokfHkekuh HkDr ân; dh gSA blls vki dgk¡ rd lger gSa\

5- O;k[;k djsaµ(d) ee fgr ykfx rtsgq firq ekrkA lgsgq fcfiu fge vkri ckrkA

tkSa tursm¡ cu caèkq fcNksgwA firq cpu eursm¡ ufga vksgwAA([k) tFkk ia[k fcuq [kx vfr nhukA efu fcuq iQfu dfjcj dj ghukA

vl ee ftou caèkq fcuq rksghA tkSa tM+ nSo ftvkoS eksghAA(x) ek¡fx oSQ [kScks] elhr dks lksbcks] yScksdks ,oqQ u nScdks nksmQAA(?k) mQ¡ps uhps dje] èkje&vèkje dfj] isV gh dks ipr] cspr csVk&csVdhAA

6- Hkzkr`'kksd esa gqbZ jke dh n'kk dks dfo us izHkq dh uj yhyk dh vis{kk lPph ekuoh; vuqHkwfrosQ :i eas jpk gSA D;k vki blls lger gSa\ roZQiw.kZ mÙkj nhft,A

7- 'kksdxzLr ekgkSy esa guqeku osQ vorj.k dks d#.k jl osQ chp ohj jl dk vkfoHkkZo D;ksa dgkx;k gS\

8- tSgm¡ voèk dou eqgq¡ ykbZA ukfj gsrq fiz; Hkkb x¡okbZAAc# vitl lgrsm¡ tx ekghaA ukfj gkfu fcls"k Nfr ukghaAAHkkbZ osQ 'kksd esa Mwcs jke osQ bl izyki&opu esa L=kh osQ izfr oSQlk lkekftd n`f"Vdks.klaHkkfor gS\

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ikB osQ vklikl

1- dkfynkl osQ j?kqoa'k egkdkO; esa iRuh (banqerh) osQ e`R;q&'kksd ij vt rFkk fujkyk dhljkst&Le`fr esa iq=kh (ljkst) osQ e`R;q&'kksd ij firk osQ d#.k mn~xkj fudys gSaA mulsHkzkr`'kksd esa Mwcs jke osQ bl foyki dh rqyuk djsaA

2- isV gh oQks ipr] cspr csVk&csVdh rqylh osQ ;qx dk gh ugha vkt osQ ;qx dk Hkh lR;gSA Hkq[kejh esa fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k vkSj larkuksa ([kkldj csfV;ksa) dks Hkh csp Mkyus dhân;&fonkjd ?kVuk,¡ gekjs ns'k esa ?kVrh jgh gSaA orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj rqylh osQ ;qx dhrqyuk djsaA

3- rqylh osQ ;qx dh csdkjh osQ D;k dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\ vkt dh csdkjh dh leL;k osQ dkj.kksaosQ lkFk mls feykdj d{kk esa ifjppkZ djsaA

4- jke dkS'kY;k osQ iq=k Fks vkSj y{e.k lqfe=kk osQA bl izdkj os ijLij lgksnj (,d gh ek¡ osQisV ls tUes) ugha FksA fiQj] jke us mUgsa y{; dj ,slk D;ksa dgkµ ¶feyb u txr lgksnjHkzkrk¸\ bl ij fopkj djsaA

5- ;gk¡ dfo rqylh osQ nksgk] pkSikbZ] lksjBk] dfoÙk] loS;kµ;s ik¡p Nan iz;qDr gSaA blh izdkjrqylh lkfgR; esa vkSj Nan rFkk dkO;&:i vk, gSaA ,sls Nanksa o dkO;&:iksa dh lwph cuk,¡A

dlc (fdlch) & /a/kpsVdh & ck”khxjro & rqEgkjk] vkidkjkf[k & j[kdjtSgm¡ & tkmQ¡xkvl & bl rjgvk;lq & vkKkeqg¡ q & esadfi & canj (;gk¡ guqeku osQ fy, iz;qDr)ljkgr & cM+kbZ dj jgs gSaeuqt vuqlkjh & ekuoksfprdkmQ & fdlh izdkjykfx & osQ fy,rtgq & R;kxrs gksfcfiu & taxyvkri & èkwi

'kCn&Nfo

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ckrk & gok] rwI+kQkutursm¡ & (;fn) tkurkeursm¡ & (rks) ekurkfcr & èkuukfj & L=kh] iRuh (;gk¡ ij iRuh)ckjfga ckjk & ckj&ckj ghft;¡ & eu esafcpkfj & fopkj djlgksnj & ,d gh ek¡ dh dks[k ls tUestFkk & tSlsnhuk & nfjnzrkrk & HkkbZ osQ fy, lacksèkuefu & ukxef.kiQfu & lk¡i(;gk¡ ef.k&liZ)dfjoj & gkFkhdj & lw¡M+ee & esjkfcuq rksgh & rqEgkjs fcukc# & pkgsvitl & vi;'k] dyadlgrsm¡ & lguk iM+sxkNfr & {kfr] gkfufuBqj & fu"Bqj] ân;ghurklq & mlosQeksfg & eq>sikuh & gkFkmr# dkg nSgm¡ & D;k mÙkj nw¡xklksp&fcekspu & 'kksd nwj djus okyklzor & pwrk gSizyki & roZQ ghu opu&izokgfudj & lewggjf"k & izlUu gksdjHksaVsm & HksaV dh] feysoQrX; & oQrKlqtkuk & vPNk Kkuh] le>nkj

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vkjksg

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dhfUg & fd;kgj"kkbZ & gf"kZrân;¡ & ân; esaczkrk & lewg] >qaMyb vk;k & ys vk,flj èkqusmQ & flj èkquus yxki¯g & (osQ) iklfuflpj & jkr esa pyus okykgfj vkuh & gj.k dj yk,tksèkk & ;ks¼kla?kkjs & ekj MkysnqeqZ[k & dM+oh ”kcku okyknldaèkj & n'kkuu] jko.kegksnj & cM+s isV okykvij & nwljkHkV & ;ks¼klB & nq"Vjuèkhjk & ;q¼ esa vfopy jgus okyk

bUgsa Hkh tkusa

pkSikbZpkSikbZ le ekf=kd Nan gSA ;g pkj iafDr;ksa dk gksrk gS ftldh izR;sd iafDr esa 16&16 ek=kk,¡gksrh gSaA pkyhl pkSikb;ksa okyh jpuk dks pkyhlk dgk tkrk gSµ;g rF; yksdizfl¼ gSA

nksgknksgk v/Zle ekf=kd Nan gSA blosQ le pj.kksa (nwljs vkSj pkSFks pj.k) esa 11&11 ek=kk,¡ gksrhgSa rFkk fo"ke pj.kksa (igys vkSj rhljs) esa 13&13 ek=kk,¡ gksrh gSaA buosQ lkFk var y?kq (A)o.kZ gksrk gSA

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lksjBknksgs dks myV nsus ls lksjBk cu tkrk gSA blosQ le pj.kksa (nwljs vkSj pkSFks pj.k) esa 13&13ek=kk,¡ gksrh gSa rFkk fo"ke pj.kksa (igys vkSj rhljs) esa 11&11 ek=kk,¡ gksrh gSaA ijarq nksgs dsfoijhr blosQ le pj.kksa (nwljs vkSj pkSFks pj.k) esa vaR;kuqizkl ;k rqd ugha jgrh] fo"ke pj.kksa(igys vkSj rhljs) esa rqd gksrh gSA

dfoÙk;g okf.kZd Nan gSA bls eugj.k Hkh dgrs gSaA dfoÙk ds izR;sd pj.k esa 31&31 o.kZ gksrs gSaAizR;sd pj.k osQ 16osa vkSj fiQj 15osa o.kZ ij ;fr jgrh gSA izR;sd pj.k dk vafre o.kZ xqjQgksrk gSA

loS;kpw¡fd loS;k okf.kZd Nan gS] blfy, loS;k Nan ds dbZ Hksn gSaA ;s Hksn x.kksa osQ la;kstu osQ vkèkkjij curs gSaA buesa lcls izfl¼ eÙkx;an loS;k gS bls ekyrh loS;k Hkh dgrs gSaA loS;k osQ izR;sdpj.k esa 22 ls 26 o.kZ gksrs gSaA ;gk¡ izLrqr rqylh dk loS;k dbZ Hksnksa dks feykdj curk gSA

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