Slide 1

Reproductive System Dr. Dicky Moch. Rizal, MKes, SpAnd Bag. Ilmu Faal, FK UGM

Slide 2

Pokok bahasan Struktur dan fungsi organ repro pria Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Spermatogenesis dan regulasinya Hormon testosteron

Slide 3

Struktur dan fungsi organ repro wanita Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Siklus mentruasi dan regulasinya Hormon reproduksi wanita Kehamilan dan menyusui

Slide 4

Fertilisasi dan implantasi Embriogenesis dan organogenesis dasar-dasar genetika reproduksi Kelainan genetik Biologi sel

Slide 5

Determination Differentiation Development Degeneration

Slide 6

Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

6 Testis formation 7-12 weeks 4 weeks germs migration Copied from Leon Speroff Clin Gyn End TDF -, MIF - TDF+, MIF+, TESTOSTERON +

Slide 10

Partially differentiated external male and female genitalia

Slide 11

Fully developed male & female external genitalia

Slide 12

Fetal external genitals: male 15 weeks16 weeks

Slide 13

Slide 14

Male Reproduction: Anatomy & Physiology 1. Sperm Production 2. Sperm Transport

Slide 15

Testicle has two function/activities : Steroidogenesis Spermatogenesis Tubulus seminiferous is the part of testicle placed of spermatogenesis

Slide 16

spermatogenesis Unlike oogenesis, spermatogenesis is a continous process which can be divided into 3 stages : The production of gametes or germ cell Their functional differentiation for fertilization The structural differentiation which renders them actively motile

Slide 17

MITOTIC DIVISION MEIOTIC DIVISIONS TRANSFORMATION

Slide 18

Slide 19

Testicular Compartmentalization

Slide 20

Spermatogenesis: Sperm Production in the Testis

Slide 21

Spermatozoa Structure and Functions in Review

Slide 22

Palermo et al., 1997

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Regulation of Spermatogenesis

Slide 27

Male Sex Steroid Synthesis

Slide 28

Major Testicular Steroids

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Testosterone from birth..

Slide 32

Slide 33

Testosterone level

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Menstrual, Proliferative and Secretory phases Correlated to the Follicular and Luteal phases of the ovarian cycle Menstrual phase (days 1-5) Proliferative phase (days 5-14) Secretory phase (days 14-28) The Menstrual Cycle

Slide 45

Menstrual cycle Endometrial cycle Ovarian cycle Cervical/Vagina cycle

Slide 46

THE HISTOLOGIC CHANGES IN ENDOMETRIUM DURING AN OVULATORY CYCLE The purpose of Two-thirds fungsionalis layer endometrium is to prepare for the implantation of blastocyst. Therefore, it is the site of proliferation, secretion, and degeneration. The purpose of the one-third basalis layer is to provide the regenerative endometrium following menstrual loss of the fungtionalis.

Slide 47

Slide 48

This is governed by increasing levels of ovarian -oestradiol (E 2 ) Mitosis occurs within both epithelial and stromal cells General thickening of the tissue Growth of the glands, which may appear pseudostratified Glandular epithelial cell nuclei are basal The Proliferative Phase

Slide 49

Begins on the day of ovulation Increasing levels of luteal progesterone (P 4 ) Sub-nuclear secretory vacuoles develop within the glandular epithelium (days 14-20) Glands become corkscrew-shaped, develop a nuclear channel system, an enlarged Golgi complex and giant mitochondria Stromal cells may acquire vacuoles The Early Secretory Phase

Slide 50

11

Slide 51

r 10

Slide 52

Ovarian structure : Fixed no germ cell (oocytes) Weeks 22 gestation --- 7 millions immature oocytes Birth---2 millions oogonia Puberty each ovary weigh 5-10 g Only 500 oocytes will become mature rest die (atretic)

Slide 53

Slide 54

Slide 55

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2004

Slide 56

Slide 57

Hormonal related Role of Estrogen In reproductive system : Growth of repro organ Menstrual cycle : foliculogenesis and oogenesis Vaginal cycle Pregnancy Lactation

Slide 58

Slide 59

Non reproductive system Brain Skin Kidney Growth Metabolism Deposition of Ca Cardiovascular

Slide 60

FSH LH inhibin Prolactin Oxytocyn

Slide 61

Progesterone Menstrual cycle Vaginal cycle Implantation-pregnancy Lactation

Slide 62

Figure 28.15 Oogenesis

Slide 63

Figure 28.16 The Ovarian Cycle

Slide 64

Muscular organ Mechanical protection Nutritional support Waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus Supported by the broad ligament and 3 pairs of suspensory ligaments The uterus

Slide 65

Myometrium outer muscular layer Endometrium a thin, inner, glandular mucosa Perimetrium an incomplete serosa continuous with the peritoneum Uterine wall consists of three layers:

Slide 66

Figure 28.19a The Uterine Wall

Slide 67

Figure 28.20 Figure 28.20 The Uterine Cycle

Slide 68

Hormonal Secretion Hormones are secreted in 3 types of patterns, episodic, basal (tonic) and sustained. Episodic is associated with hormones under nervous control such as when nerves in hypothalamus fire, neuropeptides (GnRH) are released in sudden bursts. Hormones from the AP tend to be released in this manner.

Slide 69

Hormonal Secretion Basal or tonic secretion is where the hormone fluctuates with low amplitude pulses. Sustained release is where the hormone remains elevated but in a relatively steady state for a long period of time. Steroids tend to be secreted this way.

Slide 70

Hormonal Feedback Hormonal feedback can be either positive and cause a continued release of the hormone (preovulatory surge) or negative (luteal phase) and decrease the release of the hormone. Feedback can occur at three different levels and is termed: ultra- short feedback, short feedback, and long feedback.

Slide 71

Hormonal Feedback Ultra-short feedback is where the releasing factors or hormones (GnRH) are released from the hypothalamus and feeds back directly to the hypothalamus to decrease its own secretion. Short feedback : releasing factors or hormones causes the release of the AP hormones, which feedback and inhibit the further release of releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.

Slide 72

Hormonal Feedback Long feedback is where secretion of the releasing hormone and the AP hormone is inhibited by the increased secretion of steroid hormones from the gonad.

Slide 73

Female feedback Diagram

Slide 74

Early Embryonic Development After fertilization, the embryo spends the first four days in the oviduct (fallopian tube). The developing embryo then goes to the uterus, and implants in the uterine endometrium on Day 6 (blastocyst stage of development). By day 6, the trophoblast cells of the embryo begin to produce hCG. In a normally developing embryo, hCG levels (in maternal circulation) will double every 3 days, reaching peak at about 2 months of pregnancy.

Slide 75

Actions of hCG hCG binds to the LH receptor in the corpus luteum, maintaining luteal steroidogenesis during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. In addition, hCG may act to stimulate testosterone production from the developing testes in male embryos.