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Transcript of Representing Groundwater in Management Models Julien Harou University College London 2010...
Representing Groundwater in Management Models
Julien Harou
University College London
2010 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
July 4-8 2010 Ottawa, Canada
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Goal: represent groundwater in regional conjunctive use model
CV-RASA1 USGS Groundwater Model (1989)
• Finite-Difference Groundwater model: 529 100 km2 cells, 4 layers• Upscaling: vertical aggregation into 1 layer model by summing depth-average transmissivity and storage coefficient parameters
Regional Scale Discretization: groundwater Subbasins
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Two approaches
• Response function method:
Use external groundwater model to compile a database of responses at control locations caused by stresses at management locations
• Embedding method:
Numerical approximations of the flow equation are embedded into an optimization model as equality constraints
Embedding 3 groundwater model formulations
1. Sequential time-marching method (STM)
Implicit scheme finite-difference groundwater model, analogous to MODFLOW
2. Eigenvalue method (EV)
Efficient numerical scheme solves spatially discretized but time-continuous version of groundwater flow partial differential equations; allows aggregation into control variables (e.g. mean head per sub-basin)
3. Storage coefficient method (SC)
Storage coefficient equation relates volume of water released (or absorbed) from (into) storage per unit surface area of aquifer per unit change in hydraulic head.
Simulation Results Comparison:CVRASA1 vs. STM
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
Monthly FD Model
Layers1-4
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Ave
rag
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ea
d p
er
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ft)
Monthly FD Model
Layers1-4
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
Monthly FD Model
Layers1-4
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
Monthly FD Model
Layers1-4
Regions 1,2,4,5
Simulation Results Comparison:CVRASA1 vs. EV
Regions 1,2,4,5
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
EV
Layers1-4
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270
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Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
EV
Layers1-4
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
EV
Layers1-4
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
EV
Layers1-4
EV method using 9 control variables, 9 basic stresses.
Simulation Results Comparison:CVRASA1 vs. SC
Regions 1,2,4,5
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450
455
460
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470
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
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ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
Stor. Coeff.
Layers1-4
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
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ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
Stor. Coeff.
Layers1-4
0
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
De
ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
Stor. Coeff.
Layers1-4
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Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
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ma
nd
Are
a (
ft)
Stor. Coeff.
Layers1-4
H = Stress / (storage coeff. * area)
Optimization formulations
t i
ti
HQQMax
ti
ti },{
tiheadshistoricalH ti
ti ,
titQrhsHdHdgt tii
j
tjji
j
tjjiji ,**** ,
1,,
tcvlaredHi
tiicv
tcv ,*,
tiQIflelbs
tbsbsi
tiii
ti ,** ,
1,
tgareasc
QHH
gg
tgt
gtg ,
*1
Subject to:
STM
EV
SC
STM Optimization Results (Cells)
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10
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50
60
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
He
ad
(ft)
SVGMSVGM-EB
Cell 97
-40
-20
0
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40
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80
100
120
1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
He
ad
(ft)
SVGMSVGM-EB
Cell 107
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100
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
He
ad
(ft)
SVGMSVGM-EB
Cell 132
-20
-15
-10
-5
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He
ad
(ft)
SVGMSVGM-EB
Cell 137
EV Optimization Results (Basins)
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Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
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bb
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n (
ft)
SVGMSVGM-EV
Subbasin 4
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
Su
bb
asi
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ft)
SVGMSVGM-EV
Subbasin 7
40
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80
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120
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
Su
bb
asi
n (
ft)
SVGMSVGM-EV
Subbasin 5
25
45
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85
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125
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
Su
bb
asi
n (
ft)
SVGMSVGM-EV
Subbasin 8
SC Optimization Results (Basins)
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
Su
bb
asi
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ft)
SVGMSVGM-SC
Subbasin 5
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40
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977
Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
Su
bb
asi
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ft)
SVGMSVGM-SC
Subbasin 6
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75
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Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
Su
bb
asi
n (
ft)
SVGMSVGM-SC
Subbasin 8
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-30
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0
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Ave
rag
e H
ea
d p
er
Su
bb
asi
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ft) SVGMSVGM-SC
Subbasin 9
Computational Comparison
MATLAB GAMS Simulation Simulation Optimization
Sequential time-marching (STM) method
0.72 sec. stable
7.2 sec. stable
3.6 min. moderate stability
Eigenvalue (EV) method
~ 0.02 sec. stable
3.4 sec. stable
2.9 min. (init. sol.) poor stability
Storage coefficient (SC) method
~ 0.01 sec. stable
0.003 sec. stable
0.003 sec. stable
Computational Comparison
MATLAB GAMS Simulation Simulation Optimization
Sequential time-marching (STM) method
0.72 sec. stable
7.2 sec. stable
3.6 min. moderate stability
Eigenvalue (EV) method
~ 0.02 sec. stable
3.4 sec. stable
2.9 min. (init. sol.) poor stability
Storage coefficient (SC) method
~ 0.01 sec. stable
0.003 sec. stable
0.003 sec. stable
Conclusions
• Groundwater simulation can efficiently be included in management models, particularly if only flows or heads in certain cells or aggregations of cells are of interest
• Optimization can be problematic:
Embedding spatially discretized groundwater models in mathematical program constraint sets can lead to significant numerical errors