Repository on Maternal Child Health

Catalogue of Available Resources

August 2011

[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.]

National Child Health Resource Centre (NCHRC) National Institute of Health and Family Wefare (NIHFW)

Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi-110067pany name]

Content

Title Page

Introduction i

Key Features ii

Topics and Themes iii – v

AV Gallery vi

Topics

Maternal Health 1 – 23

Newborn Child Health 24 – 66

Immunization 67 – 91

Nutrition 92 – 115

Diseases 116 – 136

General Information 137 – 160

Themes

Policy, Program, Guidelines

Technical Publications

Training

Scientific Article

Statistical Information

i

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Efficient management of ‘health information’ is imperative for informed decision making and attaining effective outcomes of

programs. It is also one of the essential blocks for strengthening health systems of a country. Under the mandate of MDG 4 and 5 to

reduce child mortality and maternal mortality, several initiatives have been undertaken by the Government and non government

organizations to improve the status of Maternal Child Health in India, including the most recent National Rural Health Mission. This

has generated an abundant resource of valuable information; however this information lies scattered or remains within the parent

organizations and is often inaccessible to the public and other stakeholders. The Repository on Maternal Child Health is an attempt

to mitigate this problem and improve management of maternal child health information.

This Repository is a virtual guide to Child Health and related Maternal Health information relevant to Public Health in India. It is a

one-stop access to efficiently search, organize and share latest information. Its advantages include:

Collection and management of Child Health & related Maternal Health information at a single place.

Platform for effective sharing and exchange of information.

Improved visibility of child health issues.

Prevent duplication of efforts (and waste of resources) for similar issues

Informed decisions for better coherence between program needs and outcomes.

ii

Chapter 2: KEY FEATURES

The Repository on Maternal Child Health is a virtual guide to Child Health and related Maternal Health information relevant to

Public Health in India. It is a one-stop access to efficiency search, organize and share latest information. Some of its Key features

include:

Free/Open access to all users

Child health information focuses on children in the age group 0 to 5 years, that is, the newborn, infant and young child

age group

Maternal health information focuses on the perinatal period that is, late pregnancy (beyond 28 weeks), labour, delivery,

and post-partum period

Relevance of information from the public health perspective

Updated information with emphasis on resource materials published from the year 2000 onwards

Categorization of all information into specific Topics and Themes

Abstract, Keywords, Source and Year of Publication for each information/resource material along with photograph of

the cover page

Access to related documents indexed with the similar keywords by using the ‘link keywords’

Multiple ways to Search

Thesaurus developed for a standardized vocabulary of Keywords

Access to the full text document/resource material through link to the source website or PDF document (wherever

possible) with due acknowledgement to the contributing organization.

iii

Chapter 3: TOPICS AND THEMES

The Repository contains Child Health information and Maternal Health information relevant from public health perspective in India.

The Child health information focuses on children in the age group 0 to 5 years, that is, the newborn, infant and young child age

group while Maternal health information focuses on the perinatal period that is, late pregnancy (beyond 28 weeks), labour, delivery,

and post-partum period.

The information in the Repository has been classified into broad TOPICS which are given below:

Maternal health

Newborn and child health

Immunization

Nutrition

Diseases

General Information

Each topic has been further categorized into five (5) specific THEMES as described below:

Policies, programs, guidelines

This includes all documents showcasing Policies, Guidelines, Programs, Frame-works, Vision Statements and Plans developed by the

Government of India and Non government agencies (including WHO, UNICEF, other International donor organizations). This theme

would especially be useful for those involved in strategic planning and policy development.

This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:

iv

Technical publications

This theme is a broad segment comprising of Reports (of programs, research studies, events, monitoring & evaluations), Advocacy,

Field experiences, Innovations, Case studies, Process documents, and important Government Circulars and Orders. The resources

under this category would adhere to needs of a gamut of child health and public health professionals for program/project

development and management, research and advocacy.

This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:

Trainings

This section comprises various resource materials developed to enhance the capacity of health personnel working across different

levels of health care (including grass root level workers). It contains training materials like Facilitator’s Guide, Manuals, Handbooks,

Workbooks, Flipcharts, Modules, etc. and would be especially helpful to those working at district level and below.

This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:

Scientific articles

This theme contains primary and secondary research articles (with emphasis on systematic reviews) relevant to the topics in Indian

settings and published in peer reviewed journals. Letters, Personal opinions and Editorials have not been included. This theme would

usually interest policy makers/analysts and those involved in academic and research activities.

This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:

v

Statistical information

This section provides information derived from surveys, modeling techniques, evaluation studies, etc conducted by the national and

international agencies on the child health and related maternal health indicators. This theme would be useful to a wide range of

personnel including those involved in research, policy making, and monitoring evaluation activities.

This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:

vi

Chapter 4: AV Gallery

This gallery comprises of Audio-Visual aids (IEC/BCC materials), Printed material (Brochures, Leaflets, Posters), and Media news

developed to inform and educate the health care beneficiaries including the communities, families and individuals. This section

would be beneficial for those involved in health promotion activities.

It is divided into the following two categories:

Posters

Maternal Health

Newborn Child Health

Immunization

Nutrition

Diseases

General Information

Flipcharts

Maternal Health

Newborn Child Health

Immunization

Nutrition

Diseases

General Information

1

REPOSITORY ON MATERNAL CHILD HEALTH

TOPIC: MATERNAL HEALTH

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policy, Program, Guidelines

Basic Delivery Kit Guide

Prepared by PATH in 2001, this guide provides information on the design,

development, distribution and promotion of the single-use, disposable delivery kit

containing essential components for a clean delivery at home by the birth

attendants and for women delivering alone.

PATH 2001

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for Antenatal Care

and Skilled Attendance at

Birth by ANMs/LHVs/SNs

(NEW)

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this guideline provides comprehensive, evidence-based information to reorient the

Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Staff Nurses (SNs), and Lady Health Visitors

(LHVs) to provide skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth. The chief objective is

to strengthen and operationalize the 24X7 PHCs and designated FRUs in handling

Basic and Comprehensive Obstetric Care including Care at Birth.

MoHFW 2010

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for

Operationalising First Referral

Units

This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division MoHFW, to help

the states to plan for and operationalise First Referral Units (FRUs) at the district

level for providing Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care under the RCH II

Program.

MoHFW 2004

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for

Operationalising a Primary

This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division MoHFW, to help

the states to plan for and operationalise at least 50% of Primary Health Centres as MoHFW 2005

2

Health Centre for providing

24-hour Delivery and

Newborn Care under RCH-II

24-hour functional units for providing round the clock delivery services and

newborn care under the RCH II program.

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for

Operationalizating SBA

Training in RCH II

This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division of MOHFW in

2007 for program managers and in-charges of training institutes at district and state

level to standardize planning of SBA training, ensure its effective management, and

to help these personnel identify their specific roles and responsibilities in

conducting this training.

MoHFW 2007

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for Pregnancy Care

and Management of Common

Obstetric Complications by

Medical Officers

Developed by the MOHFW in 2005, this evidence based guideline provides guidance

to the medical officers working at the level of PHCs and CHCs regarding pregnancy

care and management of common obstetric complications as mandated under RCH-

II.

MoHFW 2005

Government Guidelines --

Operational Guidelines on

Maternal and Newborn

Health (NEW)

Developed by the NHSRC of MoHFW in 2010, these guidelines specify the package

of maternal and child health services to be provided at each level of health facility

along with their quality parameters, proposes a supervisory structure and an

external system of assessment to ensure the delivery of these services, and

describes the institutional linkages and community support required to enable the

states and districts develop outcome based plans for reducing maternal and

newborn mortality.

NHSRC, MoHFW

2010

Guidelines on 8 Key Evidence

Based Practices During

Prepared by the Government of Rajasthan in coordination with ARTH, UNICEF AND

UNFPA, this document examines the research evidence on 8 key practices during

3

Labour

labor and delivery care, and provides evidence based recommendations on

interventions required to support processes of normal birth

Operational guidelines for

Yashoda/Mamta: An enabling

intervention for quality

maternal and newborn care

at the facility level

Developed by NIPI in 2010, this guideline provides a standardized framework to

facilitate the expansion of the Yashoda/Mamta intervention in the 4 states of Bihar,

Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan. Yashoda/Mamta is a non-medical,

voluntary support worker placed at hospitals with high delivery load to create a

congenial environment for the mother and the newborn in the facility, and to

counsel the mother about good newborn care practices at home

NIPI 2010

Pregnancy, Childbirth,

Postpartum and Newborn

care: A Guide for Essential

Practice

Developed by the WHO in 2003, this manual provides evidence-based guidance to

health care professionals to enable them provide high quality routine and

emergency care during pregnancy, delivery and in the postpartum period, and

outlines the key preventive measures required for reducing the incidence of

maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality

WHO 2003

Standards for Maternal and

Neonatal Care

A set of user-friendly leaflets developed as part of the WHO’s Integrated

Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth Care (IMPAC) package to improve the

health and survival of women and their newborn babies during pregnancy,

childbirth and the postnatal period. Standards for health facilities have been

prescribed to enable provision of minimum essential care for all mothers and

newborns

WHO 2006

Working with Individuals,

Families and Communities to

Improve Maternal and

Newborn Health

This WHO document published in 2003 gives a framework for the interventions at

the level of individuals, families and communities to improve and increase their

control over maternal and newborn health, as well as to increase the access and

utilization of quality health services, particularly those provided by the skilled

WHO 2003

4

attendants

Technical Publication

Accelerating Progress

Towards Achieving Maternal

and Child Health Millenium

Development Goals (MDGs) 4

and 5 in South-East Asia

A report of the WHO SEARO sponsored high-level consultation of member countries

of South East Asia region held in 2008 at Ahmedabad. The objective of the meeting

was to review progress and identify barriers to achieving MDGs 4 & 5, share

information on evidence-based best practices and interventions, and agree on

multi-sectoral framework for accelerating and sustaining the achievement of MDGs

4 & 5

WHO 2008

Activities by State Health

Societies in Orissa, Bihar,

Madhya Pradesh and

Rajasthan under Norway

India Partnership Initiative

(NIPI): Program Update 2009

This program update of 2009 describes briefly the various activities undertaken by

the four State Health Societies of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

under the NIPI program. The focus of NIPI program is on improving newborn and

child health in the five NRHM states which contribute to 60% of the total child

mortality

NIPI 2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation

NIPI 2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI

Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to

reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted

to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

NIPI 2009

5

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation

NIPI 2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Rajasthan (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation

NIPI 2009

Baseline survey on child and

related maternal health care:

Consolidated report of 4 NIPI

States

Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states

of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India

Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve

maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and

related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,

assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project

implementation

NIPI 2009

6

Beyond Survival: Integrated

Delivery Care Practices for

Long-term Maternal and

Infant Nutrition, Health and

Development

This document by WHO PAHO focuses on 3 key practices for continuum of maternal

newborn care at the community level – delayed cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact,

and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. It reviews the existing evidence on

the nutritional and health benefits of these interventions followed by discussion on

the feasibility of their implementation

Pan

American

Health

Organization

2009

Birth Preparedness and

Complication Readiness: A

Matrix of Shared

Responsibilities

This document is a programmatic cum advocacy tool in 2001 outlining the plans and

actions that can be implemented at various levels (policy maker, facility, provider,

community, family, woman) to prevent delays and help ensure the safety and well-

being of the mother and her newborn throughout pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and

the postpartum period

USAID 2001

Community Level

Interventions to Prevent and

Treat Anemia: A Review of

Evidence from India

A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of USAID in 2008

to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child

Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document outlines the review on

community-level interventions for anemia prevention and treatment, summarizes

the selected interventions, and shares the recommendations and evidence gaps

identified by a technical expert group after analysis of the interventions

USAID 2008

Concurrent Assessment of

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)

Scheme in Selected States of

India, 2008

This report prepared by UNFPA summarizes the results of a survey conducted in

2008 to evaluate awareness and utilization of JSY services by the beneficiaries in the

five states (Bihar, MP, Rajasthan, Orissa, and UP), the involvement of ASHAs and

mobilization of the pregnant women for institutional deliveries, and the programme

and financial management aspects of JSY

UNFPA 2008

Concurrent Evaluation of the

Reach, Effectiveness and

Impact of the Mukhya Mantri

This document presents the top line findings and key recommendations from a

study conducted by Indiaclen and PFI in 2009 with support from USAID’s MCH STAR MCHSTAR 2009

7

Janani Shishu Swasthya

Abhiyan (MMJSSA-JSY) in

Jharkhand: An Indiaclen and

PFI Study

initiative to evaluate the reach, effectiveness and impact of the Mukhya Mantri

Janani Shishu Swasthya Abhiyan, which was launched by the Govt. of Jharkhand in

2005

Coverage Evaluation Survey

2002 for IPPI, Routine

Immunization and Maternal

Care: National Report

A report prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2002 on the

nation-wide survey conducted to evaluate the coverage and people’s response to

Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization, Routine Immunization, and different

components of Maternal Care

MoHFW 2002

Coverage Evaluation Survey:

All India Report 2005

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services

UNICEF 2005

Coverage Evaluation Survey:

All India Report 2006

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services

UNICEF 2006

Coverage Evaluation Survey:

All India Report 2009

This Survey conducted by UNICEF in 2009 assesses the impact of NRHM strategies

on coverage levels of maternal, newborn and child-health services including

immunization among women and children. Employing a two-stage sampling

procedure, the survey covered all the States and Union Territories of India and was

conducted between November 2009 and January 2010

UNICEF 2009

8

Demographic, Programmatic,

and Socioeconomic Correlates

of Maternal Mortality in

Matlab, Bangladesh

Published by Pathfinder International in 2009, this working paper is based on a

study conducted in Matlab (a rural sub-district of Bangladesh) to investigate the

association between maternal mortality and demographic, programmatic and

socioeconomic factors using longitudinal data on nearly 143,000 pregnancy

outcomes collected during the period 1982-2002

USAID 2009

Developing Regional Experts

in Essential Maternal and

Newborn care: The MNH

Program Experience

This report published by JHPIEGO describes the Maternal and Neonatal Health

(MNH) Program initiative to develop groups of regional experts in maternal and

newborn health in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, summarizes the

lessons learned and recommendations to inform similar initiatives, and presents the

selected achievements for improving the quality of healthcare for women and

newborns

JHPIEGO 2004

Essential Delivery Care

Practices for Maternal and

Newborn Health and

Nutrition

Prepared by USAID and WHO PAHO in 2007, this document advocates for evidence-

based, cost-effective, safe and simple practices like active management of third

stage of labour, optimal timing of cord clamping, early initiation of breastfeeding

and skin-to-skin care contact to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, and

improve newborn and infant survival, health and nutrition

WHO/USAID 2007

Increasing Media Awareness on Maternal and Child Health Issues: Report of a Regional Workshop

Report of a regional workshop conducted by WHO SEARO to familiarize media

personnel on key issues related to maternal and child health, and to identify the

activities that could be done by them to help the cause of maternal and child health

within respective member countries

WHO – SEARO

2005

Key Elements of Postpartum

Care at the Community Level

Based on WHO Guidelines

This paper developed by the CATALYST consortium on request of USAID, provides

information on basic postpartum care for the normal mother and newborn at the

community level and is based on the WHO guidelines. It does not give information

USAID

9

on the management of complications

Making pregnancy safer: the

critical role of the skilled

attendant

A joint statement by the WHO, ICM and FIGO in 2004 advocating for the presence

of a skilled attendant for all women along the entire continuum of care during

pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postnatal period in resource-constrained

settings. It also defines the skills/abilities required by a skilled attendant, coupled

with their education and training needs and the need for an enabling environment

WHO 2004

Maternal Health in India

Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of

maternal health in India, lists the interventions that work, and advocates actions for

improving their status

MCH-STAR

Maternal and Newborn Care Practices among the Urban Poor in Indore, India: Gaps, Reasons and Potential Program Options

Based on a study undertaken by the Urban Health Resource Centre (UHRC), this

report funded by USAID and printed in 2007 describes the maternal-newborn care

practices and care of infants aged 2-4 months (feeding practices, morbidity status,

immunization status and nutritional status) in urban slum dwellings of Indore city in

Madhya Pradesh under the Urban Health Program run by UHRC. It also identifies

various factors facilitating and hindering optimal practices and suggests options for

improvement

USAID 2007

Meeting of development

partners: Maternal and

newborn health with a focus

on country implementation

This document describes the proceedings of a meeting organized in 2006 by the

WHO and SIDA. The meeting was held to explore better ways of coordinating

partner’s efforts, support member countries to implement evidence-based, cost-

effective interventions and accelerate progress in achieving the MDGs related to

maternal and newborn health and survival

WHO 2006

Monitoring and Evaluation of

Maternal and Newborn

Health and Services at the

Report of a technical consultation organized by the WHO in 2006 to improve

processes involved in effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of maternal and WHO 2006

10

District Level

newborn health at the district level. The meeting focused on sharing of innovative

programs/experiences of M&E, analysis of requirements, development of an

integrated approach, and drafting recommendations on how to move ahead

Monitoring emergency

obstetric care: A handbook

A handbook developed by the WHO in 2009 which summarizes the indicators that

can be used to assess, monitor and evaluate the availability, use and quality of

Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) at the programmatic level. It describes each

indicator and how it is constructed and used, their acceptable levels (if

appropriate), the background of the indicator, data collection, analysis and

interpretation, and suggestions for supplementary studies

WHO 2009

Operationalizing FRU’s:

Paving the way ahead

A brief summary of the achievements, key findings and recommendations of the

project undertaken by PHFI and partners to provide technical assistance to the

Government of Jharkhand for operationalizing First Referral Units in the state

MCH-STAR

Postpartum care of the

mother and newborn: a

practical guide

This WHO report details the needs of women and their newborn during the

postpartum period, the health challenges faced by them during the period, and the

response of the health care system to these needs and challenges. It attempts to

bring together evidence and the arguments for good practice in this field

WHO

Saving Women’s Lives:

Clinical and Community

Action to Address Postpartum

Hemorrhage

Published in 2009, this document provides information about an integrated package

of Clinical and Community Action Model developed by Pathfinder International to

address the full spectrum of clinical and social causes of post-partum hemorrhage

morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings

Pathfinder International

2009

Saving the lives of children

under age 5: State of the

World’s Mothers 2007

This eighth annual report on ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save the

Children in 2007 focuses on deaths of children under the age of 5 years and brings

to attention low-cost solutions with greatest potential to save the lives of mother

Save the Children

2007

11

and children. It also tracks the progress of different countries on mother-child

survival indicators

Shaping policy for Maternal

and Newborn health: A

compendium of case studies

Published by the JHPIEGO in 2003, this compendium of case studies describes

successful approaches taken by the civil society and non-governmental

organizations in influencing national policy in maternal and newborn health. Each

case study presents a strategy for achieving or influencing policy change, details of

the implementation process, and a discussion of results

JHPIRGO 2003

Short Programme Review:

Child Health Programme in

Rajasthan 2010

Report of a 5-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR

Jaipur with support from UNOPS-NIPI in September 2010, to assess the status of

child health program in Rajasthan. Based on a package developed at the global

level, this initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH),

reviews the goals, objectives, interventions and activities of child health program

along the continuum of care process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and

recommends actions to decision-makers for improving program effectiveness

IIHMR 2010

The Global Campaign for the

Health Millennium

Development Goals 2010:

Putting the Global strategy

for Women’s and Children’s

Health into action

This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development

Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in

putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This

Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in

September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations

USAID 2010

12

The State of the World’s

Children 2009: Maternal and

Newborn Health

The 2009 annual report by UNICEF focuses on maternal and neonatal health. It

analyzes the status, trend and causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and

morbidity in the world, explores the successful programs and policies for creating a

supporting environment and continuum of care across time and location, and

advocates strengthening of health systems and partnerships for improving maternal

and neonatal health

UNICEF 2009

Tracking progress in Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival: The 2008 Report

This report was developed by the ‘Countdown to 2015’ collaboration to track

coverage of interventions needed to attain MDGs 4 and 5 (and parts of MDGs 1, 6,

and 7) in 68 priority countries of the world bearing the highest burden of maternal

and child mortality. It also takes stock of progress in maternal and child survival,

identifies gaps in knowledge, and proposes new actions to achieve these MDGs

UNICEF 2008

WHO Antenatal care

randomized trial: Manual for

the implementation of the

new model

This manual describes the principles, overview and components of the WHO

antenatal care model (with lower number of ANC visits compared to the standard

model), the findings of a multi-centre RCT of this model and results from an earlier

systematic review. It also provides guidance on how to conduct the four-visit

schedule of the new model for the management of pregnant women who do not

have evidence of any complication or risk factor

WHO 2002

Why are Maternal Mortality

Rates Lower in the MCH-FP

Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?

The Role of Pregnancy

Outcomes

Published in 2009, this study by Pathfinder International compares maternal

mortality in the Maternal Child Health-Family Planning project (MCH-FP) in Matlab

(a rural sub-district of Bangladesh) and government-served Comparison Areas to

assess the impact of the project on maternal mortality, and, if so, the extent to

which differences between the areas in pregnancy outcomes and their case-fatality

rates explain the maternal mortality difference

Pathfinder International

2009

13

Women on the front lines of Health Care: State of the World’s Mothers 2010

The eleventh annual report on the ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save

the Children in 2010 focuses on the critical shortage of health workers and shows

how investments in training and deploying female health workers have paid-off in

terms of lives saved and illnesses averted. It points to the availability of low-cost,

low-tech solutions that could save millions more lives, provided they were more

widely available and used

Save the Children

2010

Training Child anaemia training

module

A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of UP and

Jharkhand developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. This module

provides basic information about child and maternal anemia in UP/Jharkhand, and

builds capacity of these workers to effectively deliver the service components

including counseling to the clients and their family members

USAID

Counselling for maternal and newborn health: A handbook for building skills

This handbook was developed by the WHO in 2008 to strengthen counselling and

communication skills of health care providers and help them to effectively convey

to women, families and communities the key issues surrounding pregnancy,

childbirth, postpartum and postnatal care

WHO 2008

Government Training – Asha

Prashikshako ke liye

Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1

(HINDI)

Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are

designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in

Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part

reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field

of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A

of Module 7).

NHSRC 2010

Government Training – This manual for a 2-day training course was developed by the MoHFW in NIHFW 2010

14

Foundation course for re-

orientation in Basic

Emergency (Essential)

Obstetric Care: Trainees

Manual

collaboration with NIHFW and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) in 2010

to complement the ongoing SBA training programme. Aimed at improving and

updating existing knowledge and skills of service providers (Medical Officers, Staff

nurses, ANMs) in providing Basic Essential Obstetric Care, the course is divided into

nine modules to help the health care provider understand the complications of

child birth and their possible solutions

Government Training – Notes for ASHA Trainers: Part 1

Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of

trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The

notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of

ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn

health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).

NHSRC 2010

Government Training-- A

handbook for Auxiliary Nurse

Midwives, Lady Health

Visitors and Staff Nurses

(NEW)

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this handbook for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and

Staff Nurses (SNs) contains information on the check-lists and case studies on the

skills that the Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) is expected to master to provide quality

care during pregnancy and child birth

MoHFW 2010

Government Training-- Life

saving anesthetic skills for

Emergency Obstetric Care:

Log book for trainees

Developed by the MOHFW and AIIMS, this logbook is part of a training to equip the

MBBS doctors with necessary skills and competencies to manage cases requiring life

saving emergency obstetric care at the FRUs through a short course. It would also

assist the trainers in assessing performance of participants and identifying their

deficiencies to improve them during the training period

MoHFW

Government Training--

Trainer's Guide for

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this guide is designed to support systematic and methodological training of MoHFW 2010

15

Conducting Training of

Auxiliary Nurse Midwives,

Lady Health Visitors and Staff

Nurses (NEW)

Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and Staff Nurses (SNs)

in provision of skilled care during pregnancy and child birth. It provides instructions

for the trainer on how to plan and operationalize the health facility for conducting

the SBA training, how to conduct each session and use appropriate teaching aids

Infection prevention practices

in Emergency Obstetric Care

This booklet by Engender Health describes the aseptic practices recommended in

specific Emergency Obstetric Care procedures and provides information on options

and acceptable modifications to routine practice during emergency

Engender Health

2003

Maternal anemia training

module

A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of Jharkhand

developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. The aim of this one day

training is to develop the capacity of front line workers in Jharkhand to effectively

deliver services for the control of maternal anemia

A2Z, USAID - Micronutrien

t Project

Training Curriculum for

Traditional Birth Attendants

This document developed by RACHNA and USAID provides guidance to the trainers

about the preparation, curriculum and the activities required during the training of

Traditional Birth Attendants on improving maternal and newborn health

RACHNA and USAID

2002

Scientific Articles

A study for assessing birth

preparedness and

complication readiness

intervention in Rewa District

of Madhya Pradesh

A study conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, S.S Medical College,

Madhya Pradesh in 2008-09 with support from NIHFW to assess the status of birth

preparedness and complication readiness interventions in the Rewa district of MP.

Using cluster sampling technique, the survey evaluated the availability of resources,

the knowledge and skills of health providers, and awareness and knowledge of

pregnant women and families regarding birth preparedness

NIHFW 2009

A systematic review of inequalities in the use of maternal health care in developing countries:

A systematic review published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in

2007 to assess the extent of variation in the use of key maternal health care

interventions in developing countries according to women’s place of residence and

WHO 2007

16

examining the scale of the problem and the importance of context

her socio-economic status. It further analyses these variations depending upon the

strength of evidence and investigates their contextual circumstances

Alternative strategies to

reduce maternal mortality in

India: a cost-effectiveness

analysis (NEW)

Published in PLoS Medicine in 2010, this article estimates the health and economic

outcomes of various strategies to reduce maternal mortality in India. Using

computer-based modeling that simulates women through pregnancy and child

birth, the researchers estimated the effect of various strategies (family planning,

safe abortion, access to obstetric care, etc) on clinical outcomes (pregnancies,

deliveries, live births, etc), costs and cost-effectiveness in India

BIOMED - PLoS

Medicine 2010

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series (Part 4):

Reducing stillbirths: screening

and monitoring during

pregnancy and labour

This is the fourth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009.

This systematic review analyzes the available published evidence for the impact of

14 screening and monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth, including

identification and management of high-risk pregnancies, advanced monitoring

techniques, and monitoring of labour

Journal BMC Pregnancy &

Child Birth 2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series (Part 5):

Reducing stillbirths:

interventions during labour

This fifth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for eight interventions delivered during childbirth.

These interventions include care primarily provided at secondary and tertiary level

large teaching/research hospitals with surgical capacity, that are of potential

benefit for perinatal health and prevention of stillbirths

Journal BMC Pregnancy &

Child Birth 2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 1):

3.2 million stillbirths:

epidemiology and overview

of the evidence review

This first article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009 outlines

issues in the availability and quality of data related to stillbirths, and the global

epidemiology of stillbirths. It further describes the methodology and framework

used for the subsequent systematic reviews of interventions and strategies to

prevent stillbirths

Journal BMC Pregnancy &

Child Birth 2009

17

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 2):

Reducing stillbirths:

behavioural and nutritional

interventions before and

during pregnancy

This second article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for non-clinical interventions (behavioural and

nutritional interventions) with a biologically plausible impact on stillbirth incidence

that can be delivered via reproductive health or ANC services before or during

pregnancy. The review focuses on interventions targeting socially mediated risk

factors for stillbirth and which can be delivered in low and middle income countries

at the community level

Journal BMC Pregnancy &

Child Birth 2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 3):

Reducing stillbirths:

prevention and management

of medical disorders and

infections during pregnancy

This third article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for 16 antenatal interventions to address the

known clinical risk factors for stillbirths that are treatable or preventable during

antenatal period. The risk factors such as infections, malaria, lack of access to

health facilities and poor antenatal care were reviewed.

Journal BMC Pregnancy &

Child Birth 2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 6):

Delivering interventions to

reduce the global burden of

stillbirths: improving service

supply and community

demand

This last article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for community and health systems approaches to

improve uptake and quality of antenatal and intrapartum care for reducing

stillbirths. It further synthesizes programme and policy recommendations for how

best to deliver evidence-based interventions at the community and the facility

levels, across the continuum of care.

Journal BMC Pregnancy &

Child Birth 2009

Child Survival and Safe

Motherhood Program in

Rajasthan

A community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2004 in a rural area of

Rajasthan as a field exercise by the participants of a Field Epidemiology Training

Program to estimate the immunization coverage under the Universal Immunization

Program and the reasons for their failure, and to evaluate the status of antenatal

care and delivery practices including immunization coverage of Tetanus toxoid.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

2006

18

Community-based

Interventions for Improving

Perinatal and Neonatal

Health Outcomes in

Developing Countries: A

Review of the Evidence

Published in 2005, this systematic review of community-based antenatal,

intrapartum, and postnatal trials (both RCTs and quazi-randomized trials) aims to

identify interventions with sufficient evidence of success for inclusion in

community-based neonatal care programs in developing countries, to identify gaps

in knowledge, and to suggest priority areas for future research and program

learning.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

2005

Comparison of domiciliary and institutional delivery care practices in rural Rajasthan, India

A retrospective cross-sectional study published in 2009 to assess key childbirth

practices, compare the roles of care providers attending domiciliary and

institutional deliveries, and to estimate care provider-preferences and costs

incurred by families seeking maternal and newborn care in rural Rajasthan, India.

Journal of Health

Population and Nutrition

2009

Direct cost of maternity-care services in south Delhi: a community survey (NEW)

Published in the Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition in 2009, this article

documents the findings of a community survey conducted in Delhi to estimate the

direct maternity care expenses for women who recently delivered in southern part

of the city, and explore its socio-demographic associations.

Journal of Health,

Population and Nutrition

2009

Emergency Obstetric Care

and Referral: Experience of

Two Midwife-led Health

Centres in Rural Rajasthan,

India

This article documents the experience of two Primary Health Centers from the

interior rural areas of Rajasthan where trained nurse-midwives are providing skilled

maternal and newborn care round the clock, and its result in terms of maternal and

neonatal deaths.

ARTH 2009

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 1) -

Maternal mortality: who,

when, where, and why

This first article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 provides systematic

global estimate of the burden, geographical distribution, timing and major causes of

maternal deaths occurring worldwide, along with the factors responsible for

inequalities in the risk of maternal deaths.

LANCET 2006

19

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 2) -

Strategies for Reducing

Maternal Mortality: Getting

on with What Works

The second article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the

research-informed strategic choices available for reducing maternal mortality,

advocates the primary care/health centre intrapartum-care strategy backed up by

access to referral-level facilities as the best bet to bring down high maternal

mortality, and discusses the delays and priority issues for safe motherhood

programming.

LANCET 2006

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 3) - Going to

Scale with Professional Skilled

Care

The third article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the

obstacles/gaps to the expansion of quality maternal care, the importance of

training, deployment and retention of health workers for improving coverage of

care, and advocates teams of providers as an efficient option for scaling up

coverage of maternal care.

LANCET 2006

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 4) -

Mobilizing Financial

Resources for Maternal

Health

This fourth article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 explains the case for

investment in maternal health, considers ways to channelize financial resources for

maternal health within countries, and examines the limitations and successes of

financial mechanisms and alternative methods in improving quality of care and

ensuring access to the poor.

LANCET 2006

Maternal Healthcare

Financing: Gujarat’s

Chiranjeevi Scheme and its

Beneficiaries

Chiranjeevi Scheme is a public-private partnership developed by the state of

Gujarat to provide institutional delivery, specifically emergency obstetric care for

the poor. This case study explores the targeting of the scheme, its coverage, socio

economic profile of the beneficiaries, and to assess financial protec¬tion offered by

the scheme in one of the initial pilot districts.

Journal of Health

Population and Nutrition

2009

20

Maternal health situation in

India: a case study

This case study published in 2009 evaluates the status of maternal health in India

including the national maternal health programs, trends in maternal mortality, the

healthcare-delivery system at different levels, and the recent innovative strategies.

It also identifies reasons for limited success and suggests measures to rectify them.

Journal of Health

Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No.

2

2009

National estimates for

maternal mortality: an

analysis based on the WHO

systematic review of

maternal mortality and

morbidity

Published in 2005 in the journal BMC Public Health, this article analyzes the

nationally representative estimates of maternal mortality across the globe derived

from a systematic review conducted earlier by the WHO (to provide standardized

data on incidence/prevalence of maternal morbidity and mortality), and evaluates

the association between study-specific and country-specific variables with the

existing maternal mortality estimates using regression modeling.

BMC Public Health

2005

Pregnancy-related Deaths in

Rural Rajasthan, India:

Exploring Causes, Context,

and Care-seeking Through

Verbal Autopsy

Published in 2009, this verbal autopsy study identifies the major causes of death

among women of reproductive age group in rural Rajasthan, describes their care-

seeking patterns, and assesses the influence of social, economic and gender factors

on the care-seeking behaviour.

Journal of Health,

Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No.

2

2009

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: Impact on

economic growth of investing

in maternal–newborn health

(Part 3)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the

evidence of the impact on economic growth of investments in maternal-newborn

health.

WHO 2006

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO WHO 2006

21

households: economic

vulnerability and social

implications (Part 1)

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper reviews evidence base on economic

vulnerability and social implications in relation to maternal-newborn ill health, and

highlights major gaps in this evidence base.

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: the costs of

maternal newborn illness and

mortality (Part 2)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the

estimation of the cost of illness related to maternal–newborn ill-health.

WHO 2006

Statistical Publication

Antenatal care in developing

countries. Promises,

achievements and missed

opportunities: An analysis of

trends, levels and

differentials

Published in 2003, this paper prepared by WHO and UNICEF provides a detailed

report of the trends in antenatal care in the developing countries during the period

1990-2000, with analysis of their achievements and missed opportunities. The data

was usually obtained from household surveys and does not give information on the

content and quality of services.

WHO 2003

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

2009

22

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI

Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to

reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted

to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Rajasthan (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

2009

Baseline survey on child and

related maternal health care:

Consolidated report (NIPI

Report)

Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states

of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India

Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve

maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and

related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,

2009

23

assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project

implementation.

Coverage Evaluation Survey:

All India Report 2005

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.

UNICEF 2005

Coverage Evaluation Survey:

All India Report 2006

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.

UNICEF 2006

Fact sheet All States

This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators

and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and

TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS

Bulletins and from Census 2001.

NHSRC

Tracking progress in

Maternal, Newborn and Child

Survival: India 2008 report

The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the

progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn

Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based

on the latest data from the country.

2008

24

TOPIC: NEWBORN CHILD HEALTH

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policy, Program, Guidelines

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for Antenatal Care

and Skilled Attendance at

Birth by ANMs/LHVs/SNs

(NEW)

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this guideline provides comprehensive, evidence-based information to reorient the

Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Staff Nurses (SNs), and Lady Health Visitors

(LHVs) to provide skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth. The chief objective is

to strengthen and operationalize the 24X7 PHCs and designated FRUs in handling

Basic and Comprehensive Obstetric Care including Care at Birth.

MoHFW 2010

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for

Operationalizating SBA

Training in RCH II

This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division of MOHFW in

2007 for program managers and in-charges of training institutes at district and state

level to standardize planning of SBA training, ensure its effective management, and

to help these personnel identify their specific roles and responsibilities in

conducting this training.

MoHFW 2007

Government Guidelines --

Operational Guidelines on

Maternal and Newborn

Health (NEW)

Developed by the NHSRC of MoHFW in 2010, these guidelines specify the package

of maternal and child health services to be provided at each level of health facility

along with their quality parameters, proposes a supervisory structure and an

external system of assessment to ensure the delivery of these services, and

describes the institutional linkages and community support required to enable the

states and districts develop outcome based plans for reducing maternal and

newborn mortality.

NHSRC, MoHFW

2010

25

Guidelines on 8 key evidence

based practices during labour

Prepared by the Government of Rajasthan in coordination with ARTH, UNICEF AND

UNFPA, this document examines the research evidence on 8 key practices during

labor and delivery care, and provides evidence based recommendations on

interventions required to support processes of normal birth.

Integrated health facility

assessment manual: Using

local planning to improve the

quality of child care at health

facilities

Developed by USAID under its global project BASICS for child survival, this manual

outlines the key steps for planning and conducting an integrated assessment at the

outpatient health facilities in developing countries. It is designed to be a local-level

planning tool for primary health care programs planning to integrate child health

services.

USAID

Kangaroo Mother Care: A

Practical Guide

This document developed by the WHO in 2003 describes the method of Kangaroo

Mother Care for the care of stable low-birth-weight and preterm infants. It provides

guidance to the health professionals and decision makers on how to organize

services at the referral level, and on what is needed to provide effective kangaroo

mother care.

Available at

NCHRC:

CH0122

Available at

NCHRC:

CH0122

2003

Kangaroo Mother Care: An

Alternative to Conventional

Care

This protocol developed by AIIMS in 2008 provides an overview of Kangaroo

Mother Care (KMC), its components, clinical benefits and easy application for care

of low birth weight babies in different settings. It further details the process of

initiation of KMC and explains the procedure for giving KMC appropriately.

AIIMS (WHO Collaborating

Centre for Newborn

care)

2008

Kangaroo Mother Care:

Clinical practice guidelines

Published by the KMC India Network in 2004 with support from Save the Children

and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, this clinical practice guideline provides

information on the components and benefits of Kangaroo Mother Care, the

eligibility criteria and preparation before starting the procedure, and the various

WHO 2004

26

activities to be performed for the procedure and during follow-up.

Newborn Health Policy and

Planning Framework:

Overview for Policy Makers

(Part I)

Developed by the WHO in 2005, this framework is to provide assistance to countries

with a high burden of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing strategies for

improving newborn health that are integrated with the maternal and child health

plans. Part 1 of the framework provides an overview of the process of developing

the newborn health component of a health strategy.

WHO 2005

Operational guidelines for

Yashoda/Mamta: An enabling

intervention for quality

maternal and newborn care

at the facility level

Developed by NIPI in 2010, this guideline provides a standardized framework to

facilitate the expansion of the Yashoda/Mamta intervention in the 4 states of Bihar,

Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan. Yashoda/Mamta is a non-medical,

voluntary support worker placed at hospitals with high delivery load to create a

congenial environment for the mother and the newborn in the facility, and to

counsel the mother about good newborn care practices at home.

NIPI 2010

Sepsis in the Newborn

This is a protocol developed by AIIMS in 2008 on neonatal sepsis, the main cause of

neonatal mortality in India. It gives guidance for diagnosis, investigations and

effective management of sepsis in newborns including supportive care,

antimicrobial therapy and adjunctive therapy.

Newborn WHO

Collaborating Centre

2008

Standards for maternal and

neonatal care

A set of user-friendly leaflets developed as part of the WHO’s Integrated

Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth Care (IMPAC) package to improve the

health and survival of women and their newborn babies during pregnancy,

childbirth and the postnatal period. Standards for health facilities have been

prescribed to enable provision of minimum essential care for all mothers and

newborns.

WHO 2006

27

The Healthy Newborn: A

reference manual for

program managers

Developed by CARE and CDC, this reference manual for the program managers gives

an overview of the global newborn health issues, provides information on

systematic approach to analyzing data, identifying problems and selecting

interventions, and outlines the principles for effectively implementing newborn

health interventions along with the different intervention packages.

CARE / CDC

Working with individuals,

families and communities to

improve Maternal and

Newborn health

This WHO document published in 2003 gives a framework for the interventions at

the level of individuals, families and communities to improve and increase their

control over maternal and newborn health, as well as to increase the access and

utilization of quality health services, particularly those provided by the skilled

attendants.

WHO 2003

Technical Publication

A Closer Look at Child

Mortality Among Adivasis in

India

A health policy research working paper from the World Bank in 2010 which analyzes

data from the National Family Health Survey 2005 (NFHS 3) to present age-specific

patterns of child mortality among the tribal population (adivasi population) in India. World Bank 2010

Accelerating Progress

Towards Achieving Maternal

and Child Health Millenium

Development Goals (MDGs) 4

and 5 in South-East Asia

A report of the WHO SEARO sponsored high-level consultation of member countries

of South East Asia region held in 2008 at Ahmedabad. The objective of the meeting

was to review progress and identify barriers to achieving MDGs 4 & 5, share

information on evidence-based best practices and interventions, and agree on

multi-sectoral framework for accelerating and sustaining the achievement of MDGs

4 & 5.

WHO South-East Asia Region

2008

Achieving the Millennium

Development Goals: The Role A health policy research working paper from the World Bank in 2003 analyzing the

data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to evaluate determinants of three World Bank 2003

28

of Infrastructure child health outcomes related to the MDGs – the infant mortality rate, the child

mortality rate, and the prevalence of malnutrition.

Activities by State Health

Societies in Orissa, Bihar,

Madhya Pradesh and

Rajasthan under Norway

India Partnership Initiative

(NIPI): Program Update 2009

This program update of 2009 describes briefly the various activities undertaken by

the four State Health Societies of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

under the NIPI program. The focus of NIPI program is on improving newborn and

child health in the five NRHM states which contribute to 60% of the total child

mortality.

2009

Addis Ababa declaration for

Global Newborn Health A declaration made by the Healthy Newborn Partnership during the Addis Ababa

conference in 2004 urging all partners and countries to strengthen activities and

develop a multi-pronged approach for achieving 50% reduction in neonatal

mortality by 2015. The Healthy Newborn Partnership advocates improvements in

newborn health care, particularly in settings where newborn deaths are common.

Population and Health Infoshare

2004

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

NIPI 2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Consolidated Report

(NIPI Report)

Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states

of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India

Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve

maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and

related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,

NIPI 2009

29

assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project

implementation.

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI

Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to

reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted

to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

NIPI 2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

NIPI 2009

Baseline Survey on Child and

Related Maternal Health

Care: Rajasthan (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

NIPI 2009

Beyond survival: Integrated

delivery care practices for

long-term maternal and

infant Nutrition, Health and

This document by WHO PAHO focuses on 3 key practices for continuum of maternal

newborn care at the community level – delayed cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact,

and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. It reviews the current evidence on

Pan

American

Health

2007

30

Development the nutritional and health benefits of these interventions followed by discussion on

the feasibility of their implementation.

Organization

Birth preparedness and

complication readiness: A

matrix of shared

responsibilities

This document is a programmatic cum advocacy tool developed in 2001 outlining

the plans and actions that can be implemented at various levels (policy maker,

facility, provider, community, family, woman) to prevent delays and help ensure the

safety and well-being of the mother and her newborn throughout pregnancy, labor,

childbirth, and the postpartum period.

2001

Book of Proceedings:

Technical Advisory Group

Consultation for improving

Newborn and Child Survival in

India

This document summarizes the proceedings of the 3-day technical advisory group

consultation meeting organized by Save the Children in November 2010. The

meeting was held to develop a strategic plan for India on newborn and child

survival using a participatory approach among a cross-section of leading experts

from government and non-government organizations, academia and civil society

organizations.

Save the

Children 2010

CLICS: Final evaluation report The final evaluation report of the USAID funded CLICS project (Community Led

Initiatives for Child Survival) conducted by Aga Khan Foundation USA. Based on the

principles of social franchising and community participation, this project was

implemented in 67 villages of Maharashtra by the Department of Community

Medicine, MGIMS Sevagram.

CLICS 2008

CLICS: Capacity building of

Village Coordination

Committee

This document gives a brief description of the USAID funded CLICS project

(Community Led Initiatives for Child Survival) including its basic framework and

objectives, the various capacity building activities undertaken to empower the

Village Coordination Committee in the project, and discuss the lessons and

CLICS

31

sustainability issues likely to affect and impact similar programs.

Child health in India Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of

child health in India, lists the interventions that work, and advocates actions for

improving their status.

MCH-STAR

Community-based

interventions that improve

newborn health outcomes: a

review of evidence in South

Asia

A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in

2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions

regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)

interventions. This paper reviews the community-based interventions for improving

newborn health. The process involved identification of relevant interventions

through electronic/grey literature search, selection of interventions using pre-

defined criteria, and review of the selected interventions by a group of technical

experts.

USAID 2008

Community-level

interventions to prevent and

treat anaemia: A Review of

Evidence from India

A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in

2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions

regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)

interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of

USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,

Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document

outlines the review on community-level interventions for anemia prevention and

treatment, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the

recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after

analysis of the interventions

USAID 2008

32

Coverage Evaluation Survey:

All India Report 2009 This Survey conducted by UNICEF in 2009 assesses the impact of NRHM strategies

on coverage levels of maternal, newborn and child-health services including

immunization among women and children. Employing a two-stage sampling

procedure, the survey covered all the States and Union Territories of India and was

conducted between November 2009 and January 2010.

UNICEF 2009

Developing regional experts

in essential Maternal and

Newborn care: The MNH

Program Experience

This report published by JHPIEGO describes the Maternal and Neonatal Health

(MNH) Program initiative to develop groups of regional experts in maternal and

newborn health in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, summarizes the

lessons learned and recommendations to inform similar initiatives, and presents the

selected achievements for improving the quality of healthcare for women and

newborns.

JHPIEGO 2004

Dhaka resolution for Global

Newborn Health, Dhaka,

Bangladesh 3-5 February

2003

A declaration made by the Healthy Newborn Partnership during the Dhaka

conference in 2003 urging all partners and countries to strengthen efforts for

reducing neonatal deaths across the globe with particular focus on Asian region.

The Healthy Newborn Partnership advocates improvements in newborn health

care, particularly in settings where newborn deaths are common.

2003

Entry into this World: Who

Should Assist? Birth

Attendants and Newborn

Health

Published by BASICS II project of the USAID, this document advocates for upgrading

the skills of the existing Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs) in managing both the

mother and the baby, to supply them with the necessary resources, and implement

suitable interventions to achieve the required behaviors in the community for

improving newborn health

BASICS II /

USAID 2004

Essential Delivery Care

Practices for Maternal and Prepared by USAID and WHO PAHO in 2007, this document advocates for evidence-

based, cost-effective, safe and simple practices like active management of third

WHO/USAID 2007

33

Newborn Health and

Nutrition

stage of labour, optimal timing of cord clamping, early initiation of breastfeeding

and skin-to-skin care contact to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, and

improve newborn and infant survival, health and nutrition.

First Meeting of the South-

East Asia Region Expert

Group on Child Health and

Development

A report of the first meeting of the South-East Asia Region Expert Group on Child

health and development held in 2008 by WHO-SEARO. The meeting aimed to

develop a regional strategy for action, apprise the group about the proposed

Integrated Control of Diarrhea and Respiratory Infections Program, and plan for the

upcoming high-level consultation meet to accelerate progress for MDGs 4 & 5.

WHO -

SEARO

2008

Home visits for the newborn

child: a strategy to improve

survival

This joint statement by the WHO and UNICEF in 2009 advocates for home visits in

the baby’s first week of life to improve newborn survival. It gives evidence-based

recommendations regarding the rationale behind home visits including its timing

and frequency, the role of health care provider and their tasks during home visits,

the program components required by countries for implementing this strategy, and

the type of support offered by the WHO and UNICEF in implementing the strategy.

WHO

2009

Household to Hospital

Continuum of Maternal and

Newborn Care

A policy brief developed by the ACCESS program of USAID in 2005 advocating for

continuum of maternal newborn care from the community to the facility. It

describes the need to strengthen maternal newborn care in the community, ways

to develop linkages between the community and the facility, and various activities

required for strengthening the process of continuum of care

USAID

2005

Identifying priorities for child

health research to achieve

Millennium Development

Goal 4:Consultation

Proceedings

This document describes the proceedings of a consultation meeting organized by

the WHO in 2009 to identify research issues of highest priority and their sources of

support in order to accelerate work towards achieving the MDG 4. The Child Health

and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology was used to identify priority

WHO

2009

34

research questions in areas of main causes of under-5 deaths, and also for priority

setting in health research investments.

Improving Maternal,

Newborn and Child Health in

the South-East Asia Region

Developed on the eve of the World Health Day 2005, this report by WHO SEARO

gives an overview of the maternal, newborn and under-5 child health status in the

11 member countries of the region, the diverse challenges faced by them, and the

efforts underway to overcome these challenges.

WHO-SEARO

2005

Improving neonatal health in

South-East Asia Region:

Report of Regional

Consultation

A report of the South-East Asia Regional Consultation jointly organized by the WHO

SEARO, USAID and WHO-CC for Newborn Health, AIIMS in 2002. During the

consultation experts discussed policy and strategies for reducing neonatal mortality

in the region.

WHO -

SEARO

2002

Increasing media awareness

on Maternal and Child health

issues: Report of a regional

workshop

Report of a regional workshop conducted by WHO SEARO to familiarize media

personnel on key issues related to maternal and child health, and to identify the

activities that could be done by them to help the cause of maternal and child health

within respective member countries.

WHO -SEARO

2005

Integrating Essential

Newborn Care into countries’

policies and programs

A policy brief produced in 2003 through collaboration between the Population

Reference Bureau and Save the Children’s Saving Newborn Lives initiative. This

document outlines SNL’s experiences for improving newborn health in different

countries, and advocates integration of newborn care into the existing safe

motherhood and child survival programs for improved newborn survival.

Save the

Children /

Population

Reference

Bureau

2003

Investing to Save Newborn

Lives This document estimates the costs of implementing the package of 16 evidence-

based interventions for improved neonatal survival, and advocates for additional

Investing to

Save

Newborn

2006

35

investment for reducing newborn deaths regionally and globally. Lives

Maternal and Newborn Care

Practices among the Urban

Poor in Indore, India: Gaps,

Reasons and Potential

Program Options

Based on a study undertaken by the Urban Health Resource Centre (UHRC), this

report funded by USAID and printed in 2007 describes the maternal-newborn care

practices and care of infants aged 2-4 months (feeding practices, morbidity status,

immunization status and nutritional status) in urban slum dwellings of Indore city in

Madhya Pradesh under the Urban Health Program run by UHRC. It also identifies

various factors facilitating and hindering optimal practices and suggests options for

improvement.

USAID

2007

Maternal and Newborn

Health and Nutrition

Practices in Select Districts of

Jharkhand (Part 3)

A series of technical reports developed by the Vistaar Project of USAID

documenting the results of survey conducted in selected districts of Jharkhand in

2008-09. This report describes the findings of a baseline survey conducted in five (5)

districts of the state to assess the knowledge and practices of pregnant and recently

delivered women regarding antenatal, delivery, postnatal, newborn and infant care,

the levels of anemia, and the nutritional status of children.

USAID -

Vistaar

Project

2008

Maternal and Newborn

Health and Nutrition

Practices in Select Districts of

Jharkhand (Part 4)

A series of technical reports developed by the Vistaar Project of USAID

documenting the results of survey conducted in selected districts of Jharkhand in

2008-09. This report describes the findings of a baseline survey conducted in eight

(8) districts of the state to assess the knowledge and practices of pregnant and

recently delivered women regarding antenatal, delivery, postnatal, newborn and

infant care, the levels of anemia, and the nutritional status of children.

USAID -

Vistaar

Project

2008

Meeting of development

partners: Maternal and

newborn health with a focus

on country implementation

This document describes the proceedings of a meeting organized in 2006 by the

WHO and SIDA. The meeting was held to explore better ways of coordinating

partner’s efforts, support member countries to implement evidence-based, cost-

WHO

2006

36

effective interventions and accelerate progress in achieving the MDGs related to

maternal and newborn health and survival.

Monitoring and Evaluation of

Maternal and Newborn

Health and Services at the

District Level

Report of a technical consultation organized by the WHO in 2006 to improve

processes involved in effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of maternal and

newborn health at the district level. The meeting focused on sharing of innovative

programs/experiences of M&E, analysis of requirements, development of an

integrated approach, and drafting recommendations on how to move ahead.

WHO

2006

Neonatal mortality and

newborn care in India

Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of

neonatal health in India, lists the interventions that work, and advocates actions for

improving their status.

MCH-STAR

Newborn Care: an overview

This working paper was published by the UNICEF ROSA in 2004 to document and

analyze evidence-based practices and programs that have been successful in

improving newborn health in the South Asia region.

UNICEF 2004

Newborn Survival: Time for

action

An advocacy paper developed by the Healthy Newborn Partnership in 2002 urging

for substantial reduction in neonatal mortality by adopting proven, cost-effective

newborn care practices and services at the family and the community level.

2002

Newborn care at the

community level

The second part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child

health and nutrition in India. This document on briefly describes the burden of

neonatal deaths and its specific causes, and the different strategies that can be

used to reduce the burden of these deaths with management at the community

level.

CARE

37

Postpartum Care of the

Mother and Newborn: A

Practical Guide

This WHO report details the needs of women and their newborn during the

postpartum period, the health challenges faced by them during the period, and the

response of the health care system to these needs and challenges. It attempts to

bring together evidence and the arguments for good practice in this field.

WHO

Qualitative research to

improve newborn care

practices

Developed in 2004 by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children, this

document provides guidance on how to conduct qualitative research and plan a

BCC strategy to improve newborn care practices. It gives information on evidence-

based best practices, methods of identifying practices/constraints and target

audience, how to assess decision making, and procedures of qualitative research

including data analysis and BCC planning and programming.

Save the

Children

2004

Reaching out to the Child: An

Integrated Approach to Child

Development

Developed by the World Bank in 2004, this report draws on the results of five

specially commissioned studies to analyze varied aspects of children’s development

in diverse poverty contexts, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It provides

an overview of the child health status, identifies reasons for limited impact of

interventions, and suggests recommendations and framework for an integrated

approach to child health.

World Bank

2004

Reducing incidence of Low

Birth Weight using a

community based life cycle

strategy: study protocol

This document is the protocol of a quasi-experimental study conducted in Ranchi

district of Jharkhand state which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of life-cycle

based community level behavioral interventions in reducing the incidence of low

birth weight and improving maternal and child health. Developed in 2006, the study

and protocol is led by a group of NGOs including CINI, Krishi Gram Vikas Kendra and

Social Initiatives Group of ICICI Bank.

HETV -

Health

Education to

Villages

2006

38

Saving the lives of children

under age 5: State of the

World’s Mothers 2007

This eighth annual report on ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save the

Children in 2007 focuses on deaths of children under the age of 5 years and brings

to attention low-cost solutions with greatest potential to save the lives of mother

and children. It also tracks the progress of different countries on mother-child

survival indicators.

Save the

Children

2007

Shaping policy for Maternal

and Newborn health: a

compendium of case studies

Published by the JHPIEGO in 2003, this compendium of case studies describes

successful approaches taken by the civil society and non-governmental

organizations in influencing national policy in maternal and newborn health. Each

case study presents a strategy for achieving or influencing policy change, details of

the implementation process, and a discussion of results.

JHPIEGO

2003

Short Programme Review:

Child Health Programme in

Bihar 2011

A report of the 5 -day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR

Jaipur with support from UNOPS-NIPI and UNICEF in March 2011, to assess the

status of child health program in Bihar. Based on a package developed at the global

level, this initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH)

involves the state program managers and reviews the goals, objectives,

interventions and activities of child health program along the continuum of care

process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and recommends actions to

decision-makers for improving program effectiveness.

IIHMR Jaipur

2011

Short Programme Review:

Child Health Programme in

Karnataka 2011

A report of the 3-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IHMR

Bangalore with support from UNICEF in February 2011, to assess the status of child

health program in Karnataka. Based on a package developed at the global level, this

initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH) involves the

state program managers and reviews the goals, objectives, interventions and

activities of child health program along the continuum of care process, identifies

IHMR

Bangalore

2011

39

areas requiring strengthening, and recommends actions to decision-makers for

improving program effectiveness.

Short Programme Review:

Child Health Programme in

Rajasthan 2010

A Report of the 5-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR

Jaipur with support from UNOPS-NIPI in September 2010, to assess the status of

child health program in Rajasthan. Based on a package developed at the global

level, this initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-

CH)involves the state program managers and reviews the goals, objectives,

interventions and activities of child health program along the continuum of care

process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and recommends actions to

decision-makers for improving program effectiveness.

IIHMR Jaipur

2010

State of India’s Newborns

Developed by NNF and Saving Newborn Lives in partnership with MOHFW and

other partners in 2004, this report summarizes the key elements of the

epidemiology of newborn health and survival in India, traces the evolution of

newborn care initiatives in the Government and non-Government sectors, projects

a vision for improved newborn health for near future, and analyses core issues

critical to an accelerated march towards that vision.

Save the

Children

2004

State of the India’s Newborns

– a synopsis This synopsis of the State of the India’s Newborns report (2004) was prepared by

the NNF in partnership with the MOHFW, UNICEF, WHO SEARO, World Bank and

Save the Children.

Save the

Children 2004

40

State of the World’s Children

2008: Child Survival The 2008 annual report by UNICEF focuses on Child Survival. It analyzes the status,

trend and causes of under-5 mortality and morbidity in the world, the important

lessons learned from evolving health care systems, and advocates strengthening of

community partnerships, continuum of care and health systems for achieving the

MDG 4 goal.

UNICEF

2008

State of the World’s

Newborns

Prepared by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children in 2001, this

document provides the first ever global report on newborn health using data from

163 countries. The report reviews the burden and causes of neonatal mortality,

summarizes the cost-effective and feasible interventions available, and outlines the

different steps required to reduce neonatal mortality.

Save the

Children

2001

The Components of Essential

Newborn Care

Developed by the global child survival program BASICS II of USAID, this brief

describes the components of Essential Newborn Care, criteria for prioritizing them,

and strategies used in operationalising them in order to have a positive impact on

reducing neonatal and infant mortality.

USAID

2004

The Economic Benefits of

Investing in Child Health

An advocacy paper produced by the World Bank in 2003 outlining the theory and

the evidence on the economic impact of investing in child health. It also identifies

several interventions and programs that could significantly contribute to improved

child health, particularly in the areas of nutrition, communicable disease prevention

and control, and education.

World Bank

2006

41

The Global Campaign for the

Health Millennium

Development Goals 2010:

Putting the Global strategy

for Women’s and Children’s

Health into action

This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development

Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in

putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This

Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in

September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2010

The Healthy Newborn

Partnership: Improving

Newborn Survival and Health

Through Partnership, Policy,

and Action

A document published by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children and

the Population Reference Bureau in 2004 describing briefly the genesis and growth

of the Healthy Newborn Partnership, and how it has helped focus attention on

newborn health issues through activities of advocacy, information exchange, and

joint action at various levels.

Save the

Children /

Population

Reference

Bureau

2004

The Need for a Focus on Child

Health and Nutrition The first part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child

health and nutrition in India. This document provides an overview of the magnitude

of child mortality and highlights malnutrition as the major contributory factor for

child deaths, thus urging the need for community based interventions.

CARE

The State of Asia-Pacific’s

Children 2008: Child Survival The first annual report on Asia Pacific region developed by UNICEF in 2008 to

examine trends in child survival and health in the region and its four sub-regions,

identify the challenges, and outline the broad agenda of actions required to

accelerate progress in the region towards the Millennium Development Goals.

UNICEF 2008

The State of the World's

Children 2006: Excluded and

Invisible

The 2006 annual report by UNICEF focuses on the world’s vulnerable children who

are generally excluded and invisible in programs, policy, legislation, statistics and

news stories. These children include those living in poorest countries, deprived

communities and those facing discrimination, children caught up in armed conflicts

UNICEF 2006

42

or affected by HIV/AIDS, and children who suffer abuses.

The State of the World's

Children 2007: Women and

Children

The 2007 annual report by UNICEF focuses on gender equality. It analyzes the status

and causes of gender discrimination across a woman’s life cycle and across regions,

explores equality issues in three distinct areas (household, employment, political

sphere), and advocates the steps for eliminating gender discrimination and

empowering women.

UNICEF

2007

The State of the World’s

Children 2009: Maternal and

Newborn Health

The 2009 annual report by UNICEF focuses on maternal and neonatal health. It

analyzes the status, trend and causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and

morbidity in the world, explores the successful programs and policies for creating a

supporting environment and continuum of care across time and location, and

advocates strengthening of health systems and partnerships for improving maternal

and neonatal health.

UNICEF

2009

Tracking Progress in

Maternal, Newborn and Child

Survival: The 2008 Report

This report was developed by the ‘Countdown to 2015’ collaboration to track

coverage of interventions needed to attain MDGs 4 and 5 (and parts of MDGs 1, 6,

and 7) in 68 priority countries of the world bearing the highest burden of maternal

and child mortality. It also takes stock of progress in maternal and child survival,

identifies gaps in knowledge, and proposes new actions to achieve these MDGs.

UNICEF

2008

Wheel of Change: Children

and Young People’s

Participation in South Asia

This document developed by UNICEF in 2004 describes the range and nature of

various children and young people’s participatory initiatives taken in the South-Asia

region, and draws out lessons learned for future investment in strengthening

UNICEF 2004

43

partnerships with relevant organizations in this field.

Training Care of the Baby at Birth

During 1 Hour after Birth

(Module 1)

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This first module describes the

needs of a newborn baby at birth and during the first hour of delivery, and the

evidence-based practices.

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

Counseling for Maternal and

Newborn Health: A Handbook

for Building Skills

This handbook was developed by the WHO in 2008 to strengthen counselling and

communication skills of health care providers and help them to effectively convey

to women, families and communities the key issues surrounding pregnancy,

childbirth, postpartum and postnatal care.

WHO 2008

Essential newborn nursing for

small hospitals in resource

restricted settings:

Facilitator’s Guide

Developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn

Care, AIIMS, New Delhi in 2004, this guide facilitates knowledge enhancement and

capacity building of trainers for conducting participatory learning program on

essential newborn care for the nursing personnel working in resource restricted

settings.

WHO 2004

44

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 2):

Thermal protection

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This second module highlights the

importance of temperature regulation in a newborn baby, the factors contributing

to heat loss and how they can be prevented.

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 3):

Kangaroo Mother Care

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. The third module of the series

describes the procedures and benefits of Kangaroo Mother Care, and provides

guidance on how to counsel and support mothers for doing the process.

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 4):

Feeding of normal and low

birth weight babies

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This fourth module describes the

advantages and proper method of breastfeeding, methods of feeding low birth

weight babies, feeding problems and how to manage them.

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 5):

Resuscitation of the newborn

baby

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. The fifth module provides

information on the assessment of newborn baby at the time of delivery,

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

45

resuscitation (if required) utilizing standard equipments, and the aftercare.

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 6):

Common procedures

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This sixth module provides

information about the technique for intramuscular injection, preparation of

common medication, recording of weight and temperature, initiating oxygen

therapy and intravenous access, insertion of feeding tube, and emergency triaging

and safe transport of sick neonates.

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 7):

Prevention of infection,

housekeeping and waste

disposal

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This seventh module describes the

importance and requirements of infection control in a hospital including

housekeeping and disinfection routines, and the methods for safe disposal of

hospital waste.

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 8):

Care of normal at risk and sick

neonates

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This eighth module describes the

evidence-based practices for routine care of newborn babies including advice and

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

46

support to mothers, and the identification and management of at-risk and sick

babies.

Essential newborn nursing

training modules (Module 9):

Common equipments &

trouble shooting

A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for

Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to

complement the in-service training and pre-service education of

nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This ninth module provides

information about the handling, usage and routine maintenance of neonatal

equipments including their sterilization.

Neonatal

Division -

AIIMS/WHO

Facilitator's Guide for

Training Yashoda/Mamta

This document developed by NIHFW and NIPI provides comprehensive information

to be used for reference by the facilitators involved in the training of

Yashoda/Mamta. Yashoda/Mamta is a non-medical, voluntary support worker

placed at hospitals with high delivery load to create a congenial environment for

the mother and the newborn in the facility, and to counsel the mother about good

newborn care practices at home.

NIPI - UNOPS

Government Training --

Foundation course for re-

orientation in Basic

Emergency (Essential)

Obstetric Care: Trainees

Manual

This manual for a 2-day training course was developed by the MoHFW in

collaboration with NIHFW and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) in 2010

to complement the ongoing SBA training programme. Aimed at improving and

updating existing knowledge and skills of service providers (Medical Officers, Staff

nurses, ANMs) in providing Basic Essential Obstetric Care, the course is divided into

nine modules to help the health care provider understand the complications of

child birth and their possible solutions.

NIHFW,

MoHFW 2010

47

Government Training – Asha

Prashikshako ke liye

Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1

(HINDI)

Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are

designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in

Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part

reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field

of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A

of Module 7).

NHSRC,

MoHFW

2010

Government Training – Notes

for ASHA Trainers: Part 1 Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of

trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The

notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of

ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn

health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).

NHSRC,

MoHFW 2010

Government Training-- A

handbook for Auxiliary Nurse

Midwives, Lady Health

Visitors and Staff Nurses

(NEW)

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this handbook for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and

Staff Nurses (SNs) contains information on the check-lists and case studies on the

skills that the Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) is expected to master to provide quality

care during pregnancy and child birth.

MoHFW

2010

Government Training--

Facilitator’s Guide for

conducting training for ANMs,

LHVs and Staff Nurses as a

Skilled Birth Attendant

This guide was developed by the MOHFW in 2006 in an effort to create a

standardized training package for residential training of ANMs, LHVs and staff

nurses in the practice of skilled attendance at birth and management of emergency

obstetric and newborn complications. It informs the trainer about the training

strategy, its objectives, method with content and schedule, and evaluation process.

MoHFW 2006

48

Government Training--

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha

Karyakram - Basic Newborn

Care and Resuscitation

Program: Training Manual

(Hindi) (NEW)

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a one-day training program on Basic

Newborn Care and Resuscitation aimed at developing skills of health workers

(especially the birth attendants at delivery) to address birth asphyxia and other

causes of early neonatal mortality. Developed by the MoHFW in 2009 with the help

of IAP and the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS, this manual provides information on

the resuscitation and care of newborn baby at birth, thermal protection, prevention

of infection, feeding of normal and LBW babies, and transport of babies.

NIHFW /

NCHRC 2009

Government Training--

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha

Karyakram - Basic Newborn

Care and Resuscitation

Program: Facilitator’s Guide

(NEW)

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a one-day training program on Basic

Newborn Care and Resuscitation aimed at developing skills of health workers

(especially the birth attendants at delivery) to address birth asphyxia and other

causes of early neonatal mortality. Developed by the MoHFW in 2009 with the help

of IAP and the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS, this module provides the trainers

with a list of procedures and guidelines on how to conduct the training in a

standardized and quality manner.

NIHFW /

NCHRC 2009

Government Training--

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha

Karyakram - Basic Newborn

Care and Resuscitation

Program: Training Manual

(NEW)

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a one-day training program on Basic

Newborn Care and Resuscitation aimed at developing skills of health workers

(especially the birth attendants at delivery) to address birth asphyxia and other

causes of early neonatal mortality. Developed by the MoHFW in 2009 with the help

of IAP and the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS, this manual provides information on

the resuscitation and care of newborn baby at birth, thermal protection, prevention

of infection, feeding of normal and LBW babies, and transport of babies.

NIHFW /

NCHRC

2009

49

Government Training-- Skilled

Birth Attendance (SBA):

Trainers Guide for conducting

training of Auxiliary Nurse

Midwives, Lady Health

Visitors and Staff Nurses

(NEW)

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this guide is designed to support systematic and methodological training of

Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and Staff Nurses (SNs)

in provision of skilled care during pregnancy and child birth. It provides instructions

for the trainer on how to plan and operationalize the health facility for conducting

the SBA training, how to conduct each session and use appropriate teaching aids.

MoHFW

2010

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Facilitators Guide

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This Facilitators guide informs the trainers about the training

schedule, topics, methodology and the tools to be used for training the program

managers during the training period.

WHO

2009

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Introduction (Module 1)

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This first module of a set of three modules describes the purpose

of training, the global child health status, recommended evidence-based child

health interventions and packages, principles of delivery of these interventions, and

definitions of specific terms.

WHO 2009

50

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Managing implementation

(Module 3)

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This last module of a set of three modules describes how to

advocate for child health and mobilize resources, manage supervision and monitor

progress of activities according to the implementation plan.

WHO

2009

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Planning implementation

(Module 2)

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This second module of a set of three modules describes the

preparation for developing an implementation plan, steps for reviewing

implementation status, how to decide targets, indicators and monitoring of

activities, and components of work-plan and budget.

WHO

2009

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Workbook

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This Workbook, to be used along with the set of three modules,

would help the managers acquire practical skills related to the training.

WHO

2009

51

Managing newborn

problems: a guide for doctors,

nurses and midwives

This guide was developed by the WHO in collaboration with other partners in 2003

as part of Integrated Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth series (IMPAC). It

provides a full range of updated, evidence-based norms and standards for the

health care providers to help them in rapid assessment and treatment of sick

newborn babies so as to give high quality care during the newborn period.

WHO/

UNFPA/

UNICEF

2003

Qualitative research to

improve Newborn care

practices

Developed by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children, this guide

provides a ready reference tool for conducting qualitative research and planning a

behaviour change communications strategy to improve newborn care practices.

Save the

Children 2004

Training Curriculum for

Traditional Birth Attendants This document developed by RACHNA and USAID provides guidance to the trainers

about the preparation, curriculum and the activities required during the training of

Traditional Birth Attendants on improving maternal and newborn health.

RACHNA and

USAID 2002

Training Module on Delivery

of Home-Based Post-Natal

Care for Newborns and

Mothers by ASHA:

Facilitator's Manual (NEW)

Developed in 2010 by a collaborative effort of the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS,

NNF, INCLEN, NIHFW and NIPI, this training module is aimed at providing ASHAs the

essential skills for delivering quality health services to the mothers and newborns at

home/in the community during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period under

the Home-Based Post-Natal Care model. This guide informs the trainers about the

training schedule, topics, methodology and the tools to be used for training ASHAs

during the 5 day training.

NIHFW /

NCHRC

(English)

2010

52

Training Module on Delivery

of Home-Based Post-Natal

Care for Newborns and

Mothers by ASHA: Organizer's

Manual (NEW)

Developed in 2010 by a collaborative effort of the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS,

NNF, INCLEN, NIHFW and NIPI, this training module is aimed at providing ASHAs the

essential skills for delivering quality health services to the mothers and newborns at

home/in the community during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period under

the Home-Based Post-Natal Care model. This manual for the organizers of the 5 day

training of ASHAs describes the concept of HBPNC, the process of organizing

trainings including its duration, venue, modules and methodology, and the process

of organizing Training of Trainers.

NIHFW /

NCHRC

(English)

2010

WHO child growth standards:

training course on child

growth assessment (Module

1)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

The first module gives introduction to the training course, and briefly explains the

content of other modules and their learning objectives.

WHO

2008

WHO child growth standards:

training course on child

growth assessment (Module

2)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This second module of the series of 5 modules provides training on how to

recognize signs of malnutrition, how to measure and record weight and height, and

how to calculate different anthropometric indicators.

WHO

2008

53

WHO child growth standards:

training course on child

growth assessment (Module

3)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This third module of the series of 5 modules provides information on the use of

growth charts to identify normal growth for a given child, and how to interpret

different growth indicators.

WHO

2008

WHO child growth standards:

training course on child

growth assessment (Module

4)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This fourth module of the series of 5 modules provides information on how to

inform mother/carer about the results of growth assessment, how to interview

them to identify cause of malnutrition, and how to counsel them for appropriate

feeding practices.

WHO

2008

WHO child growth standards:

training course on child

growth assessment (Module

5)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This last module is a photo-booklet with pictures of different forms of malnutrition.

WHO

2008

54

Scientific Articles

A financial road map to

scaling up essential child

health interventions in 75

countries

Published in 2007 in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this article

estimates the additional financial resources required in 75 countries to scale up

priority interventions to universal coverage by 2015 in order to reduce child

mortality and morbidity within the context of MDG 4. A costing model was

developed to estimate the financial costs for each intervention, country and year,

and the model includes both the investment cost and the running cost.

WHO

2007

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series (Part 4):

Reducing stillbirths: screening

and monitoring during

pregnancy and labour

This is the fourth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009.

This systematic review analyzes the available published evidence for the impact of

14 screening and monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth, including

identification and management of high-risk pregnancies, advanced monitoring

techniques, and monitoring of labour.

Journal BMC

Pregnancy &

Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series (Part 5):

Reducing stillbirths:

interventions during labour

This fifth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for eight interventions delivered during childbirth.

These interventions include care primarily provided at secondary and tertiary level

large teaching/research hospitals with surgical capacity, that are of potential

benefit for perinatal health and prevention of stillbirths.

Journal BMC

Pregnancy &

Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 1):

3.2 million stillbirths:

epidemiology and overview

of the evidence review

This first article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009 outlines

issues in the availability and quality of data related to stillbirths, and the global

epidemiology of stillbirths. It further describes the methodology and framework

used for the subsequent systematic reviews of interventions and strategies to

prevent stillbirths.

Journal BMC

Pregnancy &

Child Birth

2009

55

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 2):

Reducing stillbirths:

behavioural and nutritional

interventions before and

during pregnancy

This second article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for non-clinical interventions (behavioural and

nutritional interventions) with a biologically plausible impact on stillbirth incidence

that can be delivered via reproductive health or ANC services before or during

pregnancy. The review focuses on interventions targeting socially mediated risk

factors for stillbirth and which can be delivered in low and middle income countries

at the community level.

Journal BMC

Pregnancy &

Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 3):

Reducing stillbirths:

prevention and management

of medical disorders and

infections during pregnancy

This third article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for 16 antenatal interventions to address the

known clinical risk factors for stillbirths that are treatable or preventable during

antenatal period. The risk factors such as infections, malaria, lack of access to

health facilities and poor antenatal care were reviewed.

Journal BMC

Pregnancy &

Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 6):

Delivering interventions to

reduce the global burden of

stillbirths: improving service

supply and community

demand

This last article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for community and health systems approaches to

improve uptake and quality of antenatal and intrapartum care for reducing

stillbirths. It further synthesizes programme and policy recommendations for how

best to deliver evidence-based interventions at the community and the facility

levels, across the continuum of care.

Journal BMC

Pregnancy &

Child Birth

2009

Care-seeking behavior and

out-of-pocket expenditure for

sick newborns among urban

poor in Lucknow, northern

India: a prospective follow up

study

Published in the BMC Health Services and Research in 2009, this prospective follow

up study carried out in two urban public hospitals in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,

assesses the distribution of neonatal illnesses and different health providers sought

for these illnesses, the distribution of out-of-pocket expenditure by type of illness

and type of health provider sought, and the socio-economic distribution of illnesses,

BioMed

Central

2009

56

care-seeking behavior and out-of-pocket expenditure.

Childbirth Practices in Rural

Rajasthan, India: Implications

for Neonatal Health and

Survival

A qualitative community based study conducted in rural Rajasthan to explore

family, community and provider practices during labor and childbirth with special

focus on practices likely to influence newborn health outcomes.

2008

Community-Based

Interventions for Improving

Perinatal and Neonatal

Health Outcomes in

Developing Countries: A

Review of the Evidence

Published in 2005, this systematic review of community-based antenatal,

intrapartum, and postnatal trials (both RCTs and quazi-randomized trials) aims to

identify interventions with sufficient evidence of success for inclusion in

community-based neonatal care programs in developing countries, to identify gaps

in knowledge, and to suggest priority areas for future research and program

learning.

Pediatrics

2005

Countdown to 2015: Tracking

Donor Assistance to

Maternal, Newborn, and

Child Health

A scientific article tracking the official development assistance or funding offered to

developing countries across the world in 2003 and 2004 for maternal, newborn and

child health. The article reports donor spending on the specific theme accounting

for just 2% of gross aid disbursements to developing countries.

LANCET

2006

Countdown to 2015: Tracking

Intervention Coverage for

Child Survival

The first report of the Child Survival Countdown monitors worldwide progress in

child survival to achieve the MDG 4. This article reviews the coverage of key child-

survival interventions in 60 countries with the world’s highest numbers/rates of

child mortality, and highlights country-specific improvements and missed

opportunities.

LANCET

2006

57

Early skin-to-skin contact for

mothers and their healthy

newborn infants

Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2009, this systematic review of

controlled trials examines whether early skin to- skin contact (starting less than 24

hours of birth) for mothers and their healthy full-term or late preterm newborn

infants has any beneficial or adverse effects on lactation, maternal-infant behavior,

and infant physiology.

Cochrane

Library

2009

Effect of Community-based

Newborn-care Intervention

Package Implemented

through Two Service-delivery

Strategies in Sylhet District,

Bangladesh: A Cluster-

randomised Controlled Trial

Published in 2008, this article describes a community based cluster randomized

control trial conducted in Bangladesh in 2003-2005 to evaluate the effect of a

newborn care intervention package delivered through two different strategies,

namely home care and community care on neonatal mortality. LANCET 2008

Formula Milk versus Maternal

Breast Milk for Feeding

Preterm or Low Birth Weight

Infants

A Cochrane review published in 2008 to evaluate the effect of feeding with formula

milk compared with maternal breast milk on the rates of growth and

developmental outcomes in low birth weight or preterm infants.

Cochrane

review 2008

Gowning by Attendants and

Visitors in Newborn Nurseries

for Prevention of Neonatal

Morbidity and Mortality

A Cochrane review published in 2009 to assess the effects of the wearing of an

overgown by attendants and visitors on the incidence of infection and death in

infants in newborn nurseries.

Cochrane

review

2009

Growth performance of

affluent Indian children is

similar to that in developed

countries

A cross sectional study published in the Bulletin of the WHO in 2002 evaluating

whether children aged 12-23 months belonging to affluent families in South Delhi

had growth performance similar to that in developed countries, and to identify

socio-economic factors hindering optimal growth in these children.

WHO

2002

58

Home-based neonatal care:

Summary and applications of

the field trial in rural

Gadchiroli, India (1993 to

2003)

This article summarizes the objectives, study design, processes and results of the

field trial conducted in rural Gadchiroli on Home-based neonatal care (HBNC), and

evaluates its effect on neonatal mortality. It also discusses issues pertaining to

scaling up of the strategy at national level, its integration with the primary health

care services, its limitations, and its cost and cost-effectiveness.

Journal of

Perinatology

2005

Impact assessment of India

Population Project (IPP-VIII)

on Child Health in

Metropolitan cities of India

Published in the journal Health and Population Perspectives and Issues in 2008, this

article describes the findings of an end line evaluation of the India Population

Programme (IPP-VIII) carried out by the National Institute of Medical Statistics

during the year 2001-2002, with special focus on child health indicators. The Govt.

of India had implemented this World Bank assisted seven-year program in 1993 in

the four metropolitan cities of the country with an aim to provide quality integrated

health care services to the urban poor.

HPPI 2008

Impact of Counseling on Care

Seeking Behavior in Families

with Sick Children: Cluster

Randomized Trial in Rural

India

A community-based cluster randomized trial conducted in 2002 in rural areas of

Rajasthan to assess whether training doctors in counseling improves care seeking

behavior of families with sick children.

British

Medical

Journal (BMJ)

2004

Impact of an integrated

nutrition and health

programme on neonatal

mortality in rural northern

India

Published in the Bulletin of World Health Organization in 2008, this study evaluates

the impact of a community-based package of maternal and newborn interventions

facilitated by a non-governmental organization and implemented at scale using the

existing government infrastructure through an integrated nutrition and health

programme. The evaluation conducted in two rural districts of Uttar Pradesh, looks

primarily at reduction in neonatal mortality.

WHO

2008

59

Interventions to Prevent

Hypothermia at Birth in

Preterm and/or Low Birth

Weight Infants

Published in 2010, this Cochrane review assesses the efficacy and safety of

interventions designed for the prevention of hypothermia in preterm and/or low

birth weight infants and applied within 10 minutes after birth in the delivery suite,

compared with routine thermal care.

Cochrane

review

2010

Kangaroo Mother Care to

Reduce Morbidity and

Mortality in Low Birth Weight

Infants

A Cochrane review published in 2003 to review the evidence for the use of

Kangaroo Mother Care in LBW infants as an alternative to conventional care after

the initial common period of stabilization with conventional care.

Cochrane

review 2003

Lancet Child Survival Series

2003 (Part 1) : Where And

Why Are 10 Million Children

Dying Every Year?

The first paper of the Lancet Child Survival Series published in 2003 gives an

estimate of global child deaths across different regions and the distribution of

causes of death that vary substantially for each country; emphasizing the need to

expand understanding of child health epidemiology at a country level rather than in

geopolitical regions.

WHO

2003

Lancet Child Survival Series

2003 (Part 2) : How Many

Child Deaths Can We Prevent

This Year?

This second article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 reviews the evidence for

interventions to reduce under-5 child mortality for each of the major direct and

underlying causes of death. It documents the effectiveness of each intervention,

the current level of coverage with these interventions, and evaluates the number of

child deaths that could be prevented with universal coverage.

2003

Lancet Child Survival Series

2003 (Part 3) : Reducing child

mortality: can public health

deliver?

The third article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 highlights the importance

of an efficient delivery system of public health services to reduce child mortality. It

also discusses the essential aspects of delivery systems including the need for data

at the sub national level to support health planning, regular monitoring of provision

and use of health services, and of intervention coverage, and the need to achieve

LANCET

2003

60

high and equitable coverage with selected interventions.

Lancet Child Survival Series

2003 (Part 4) : Applying an

equity lens to child health

and mortality: more of the

same is not enough

This fourth article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 analyzes the gaps in child

mortality between rich and poor countries as well as between wealthy and poor

children within most countries, outlines the successful approaches for reducing

inequities, advocates for regular monitoring of inequities with increased

accountability, and prioritizes equity in child survival interventions and the delivery

strategies as the essential element for reducing child mortality.

LANCET

2003

Lancet Child Survival Series

2003 (Part 5) : Knowledge

into action for child survival

The last article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 advocates for leadership,

strong health systems, targeted human and financial resources, and a modified

health system for translating current knowledge into effective action to reduce

child mortality and ensuring benefit for poor children and mothers.

LANCET

2003

Lancet Neonatal Survival

Series 2005 (Part 1) : 4 million

neonatal deaths: When?

Where? Why?

The first article of the Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005 provides new and

systematic global estimates of the timing, geographical distribution and the major

direct causes of 4 million neonatal deaths occurring worldwide every year

LANCET

2005

Lancet Neonatal Survival

Series 2005 (Part 2) : Evidence

Based, Cost Effective

Interventions: How Many

Newborn Babies Can We

Save?

In this second article of the Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005, low-cost

interventions with proven efficacy for neonatal survival were identified, combined

into packages for scaling up in the health systems according to different service

delivery modes, and their effect on neonatal mortality modeled at varying levels of

coverage.

LANCET

2005

61

Lancet Neonatal Survival

Series 2005 (Part 3) :

Systematic scaling up of

neonatal care in countries

This third article of the Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005 describes the

processes and actions required at the national and international level for scaling up

newborn care in countries with high burden of neonatal mortality, along with the

steps to strengthen their health systems and promote equity of health services.

LANCET

2005

Lancet Neonatal Survival

Series 2005 (Part 4) : A call for

action

The fourth article of the Lancet neonatal survival series 2005 calls for immediate

action in improving neonatal survival by implementing effective low-cost

interventions, improving care during delivery and postnatal home visits, raising

community awareness, and increasing funding and accountability for national and

global commitments.

LANCET

2005

Low Birth Weight and

Preterm Neonates: Can They

be Managed at Home by

Mother and a Trained Village

Health Worker?

This article analyzes the data retrospectively from the intervention arm of the

Gadchiroli field trial and compares it with the pre-intervention phase to evaluate

the feasibility and effectiveness of HBNC in the management of LBW/preterm

neonates. Feasibility was assessed by coverage and by quality of care indicators,

while effectiveness was evaluated by change in case fatality rate and in the

incidence of co-morbidities in LBW/preterm neonates.

Journal of

Perinatology

2005

Management of birth

asphyxia in home deliveries in

rural Gadchiroli: The effect of

two types of birth attendants

and of resuscitating with

mouth-to-mouth, tube-mask

or bag–mask

This article analyzes the impact of home-based neonatal care (in rural Gadchiroli)

on birth asphyxia by comparing the effectiveness of two types of workers and three

methods of resuscitation used in home delivery. Effect on birth asphyxia was

measured by its incidence, its case fatality rate, and asphyxia-specific mortality rate.

Journal of

Perinatology

2005

62

Neonatal Vitamin A

supplementation for

prevention of mortality and

morbidity in infancy:

Systematic review of

randomised controlled trials

Published in the British Medical Journal in 2009, this systematic review was

conducted to evaluate the effect of prophylactic vitamin A supplementation given

during the neonatal period on infant mortality and morbidity, and its early adverse

effects. The study found no convincing evidence of reduced risk of infant mortality

and possibly morbidity.

British

Medical

Journal

2009

Neonatal and infant mortality

in the ten years (1993 to

2003) of the Gadchiroli field

trial: Effect of home-based

neonatal care

This article assesses the impact of the field trial of home-based neonatal care

(HBNC) in Gadchiroli on neonatal and infant mortality during 10 years (1993 to

2003), and also estimates the contribution of the individual components in the

intervention package on the observed effect. The impact was measured by

comparing change in mortality indicators from the baseline period to the last 2

years of intervention.

Journal of

Perinatology

2005

Pilot testing of WHO child

Growth standards in

Chandigarh: implications for

India’s child health

programmes

Published in the Bulletin of WHO in 2009, this article compares the prevalence of

underweight as calculated from Indian Academy of Paediatrics growth curves

(based on the Harvard scale) and the new WHO Child Growth Standards in a

randomly selected sample of children from ICDS centers located in Chandigarh,

Punjab.

WHO

2009

Reduced incidence of

neonatal morbidities: Effect

of Home-based neonatal care

in rural Gadchiroli, India

This article reports the effect of home-based neonatal care on neonatal morbidities

in the intervention arm of the field trial of home-based neonatal care (HBNC) in

Gadchiroli by comparing the early vs late periods, and the possible explanation for

this effect.

Journal of

Perinatology

2005

63

The Executive Summary of

the Lancet Neonatal Survival

Series

This document gives the executive summary of the four articles included in the

Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005. The goal of this series is to inform global

policy and provide a framework for practical action in countries so that proven

interventions for newborn survival reach the families in greatest need.

LANCET 2005

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: Impact on

economic growth of investing

in maternal–newborn health

(Part 3)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the

evidence of the impact on economic growth of investments in maternal-newborn

health.

WHO 2006

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: economic

vulnerability and social

implications (Part 1)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper reviews evidence base on economic

vulnerability and social implications in relation to maternal-newborn ill health, and

highlights major gaps in this evidence base.

WHO 2006

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: the costs of

maternal newborn illness and

mortality (Part 2)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the

estimation of the cost of illness related to maternal–newborn ill-health.

WHO

2006

64

The incidence of morbidities

in a cohort of neonates in

rural Gadchiroli, India:

Seasonal and temporal

variation and a hypothesis

about prevention

A prospective observational study nested in the first year of the field trial of home-

based neonatal care (HBNC) in rural Gadchiroli to estimate the incidence of

neonatal morbidities and associated risk of death in newborns cared at home, to

assess the variation in incidence by season and day of life, and to identify the scope

for prevention of morbidities and suggest a hypothesis for prevention.

Journal of

Perinatology

2005

Validation of Developmental

Assessment Tools for

Anganwadis (DATA)

In this article the authors aimed to develop, standardize, and partly validate a

developmental scale for toddlers (1.6 to 3 years) attending Anganwadis in India.

This scale was used to identify toddlers at risk or with developmental delay.

Indian

Pediatrics 2009

Why do neonates die in rural

Gadchiroli, India (Part I):

Primary causes of death

assigned by neonatologist

based on prospectively

observed records

This article analyzes the primary causes of death among home-cared rural neonates

in the first year of the field trial of home-based neonatal care (HBNC) in rural

Gadchiroli, by using prospectively kept health records of neonates and a

neonatologist’s clinical judgment.

Journal of

Perinatology

2005

Statistical Information

Baseline survey on child and

related maternal health care:

Consolidated report (NIPI

Report)

Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states

of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India

Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve

maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and

related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,

assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project

implementation.

NIPI 2009

65

Baseline survey on child and

related maternal health care:

Orissa (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

NIPI 2009

Baseline survey on child and

related maternal health care:

Revised report Bihar (NIPI

Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

NIPI 2009

Baseline survey on child and

related maternal health care:

Revised report Madhya

Pradesh (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to

reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted

to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

NIPI 2009

Baseline survey on child and

related maternal health care:

Revised report Rajasthan

(NIPI)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

NIPI 2009

66

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

Fact Sheet all States This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators

and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and

TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS

Bulletins and from Census 2001.

Tracking Progress in

Maternal, Newborn and Child

Survival: India 2008 report

The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the

progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn

Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based

on the latest data from the country.

2008

67

TOPIC: IMMUNIZATION

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policy, Program, Guidelines

Adverse Events Following

Immunization (AEFI):

Operational Guidelines on

Surveillance and Response

(NEW)

Published by the MoHFW in 2010, these guidelines provide information to program

managers working at different levels of health system on how to establish a sensitive

surveillance system capable of detecting, notifying, investigating and responding to

an AEFI for vaccines supplied by the Govt of India. In addition it outlines a

communication strategy on immunization safety to respond to enquiries by the public

and media.

MoHFW 2010

Generic protocol for

estimating the burden of

pertussis in young children

Developed by the WHO in 2005, this document gives a standardized protocol for

estimating the incidence and disease burden of pertussis in children under 5 years

of age during periods of low to high (outbreak) disease activity. It covers three

methodologies for estimating disease burden – passive surveillance, community-

based cluster surveys, and outbreak investigation.

WHO 2005

Global Immunization Vision

and Strategy 2006-2015

Developed jointly by the WHO and UNICEF in 2005, this document outlines the

global vision and strategy of immunization for the time period 2006-2015. The topics

covered include the strategic framework for achieving global immunization through

expanded reach and equity, development of new vaccines, integration with other

health interventions, surveillance, financing and improved coordination among major

stakeholders through partnerships.

WHO /UNICEF

2005

Global framework for

Developed jointly by WHO and CDC in consultation with other partners in 2007, this WHO /CDC 2007

68

Immunization monitoring

and surveillance

document describes the essential components of the global framework for

monitoring and surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, the factors contributing

to changes in their monitoring landscape, the new goals and objectives, the

anticipated impact of reaching these goals and the risks of failing to reach them by

2010.

Government Guidelines --

Measles Mortality

Reduction: India strategic

plan 2005-2010

Developed by the MOHFW, this document provides a strategic framework to enable

different Indian states to contribute to the goal of reducing the number of measles

deaths by two thirds by 2010 as envisaged under the Multi Year plan of

Immunization through emphasis on routine measles immunization, effective

monitoring and surveillance, and appropriate case management.

MOHFW 2005

Government Policy --

Preparation of Microplan of

Routine Immunization and

consolidation at Block-

District level

A circular issued in 2009 by the Directorate of Family Welfare to all the Chief District

Medical Officers in Orissa regarding the importance of microplanning for

strengthening vaccine logistic management and improving routine immunization

services. The document also includes two guidelines – first is an operational

guideline on the preparation of microplan, and the second guideline is on how to

conduct training on the preparation of these plans.

NRHM Orissa 2009

Guidelines for estimating

costs of introducing new

vaccines into the national

immunization system

This guideline developed by the WHO in 2002, outlines a stepped approach for

estimating the incremental costs of introducing new vaccines into the routine

immunization services. Its objective is to assist public health officials of a country in

deciding whether to introduce new vaccines at the national level, and to plan and

budget for such introductions.

WHO 2004

Immunization Plus: A

framework for action (2003 –

2007)

This document outlines UNICEF’s framework for action for 5 years (2003 to 2007)

which is designed to support the Government of India in strengthening and

accelerating its Immunization Plus programme in selected districts and throughout

the country.

UNICEF 2003

Immunization coverage

A reference manual developed by WHO in 2005 which provides guidance on WHO 2005

69

cluster survey: Reference

manual

conducting high quality cluster surveys for measuring levels and validity of

immunization coverage and reasons for non-immunization. These surveys can be

used to assess changes over time or differences between geographical or

administrative areas.

Increasing immunization

coverage at the health

facility level

Developed by the WHO, UNICEF and other partners in 2002, this guide helps the

health workers to identify problems and causes of low immunization coverage by

using their own data, and to plan solutions for increasing immunization coverage.

The guideline focuses on increasing coverage by improving access (or reaching the

unreached) and improving utilization (or reducing the drop-outs).

WHO/UNIC

EF 2002

Making Surveillance Work:

Data management (Module

4)

The fourth module of a series of 4 independent modules on ‘Making Surveillance

Work’ developed by the WHO in 2001. This module focuses on routine aspects of

managing the immunization data, a process which is critical to the success of the

Vaccine preventable diseases surveillance system.

WHO 2001

Making Surveillance Work:

Logistics management

(Module 3)

The third module of a series of 4 independent modules on ‘Making Surveillance

Work’ developed by the WHO in 2001. This module describes the surveillance

systems for Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) and the pre-requisites on setting

up the logistics of surveillance within a country so as to collate, analyze and

communicate information effectively for public health action.

WHO 2001

Making Surveillance Work:

Rapid assessment of

surveillance for vaccine-

preventable diseases

(Module 1)

The first module of a series of 4 independent modules on ‘Making Surveillance Work’

developed by the WHO in 2001. This reference document provides a framework for

assessment of surveillance and monitoring of immunization coverage, particularly,

for the Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs).

WHO 2001

Mass measles immunization

Developed by the WHO in 2002, this document provides summary guidelines to the WHO 2002

70

campaigns: Reporting and

investigating adverse events

following immunization

program managers and immunization campaign coordinators for the surveillance of

adverse events following Immunization (AEFI) during mass measles immunization

campaigns.

Measles and Rubella:

Surveillance and Outbreak

Investigation Guidelines

WHO provides a framework for collection, investigation, response to outbreak and

gives basic principles of surveillance for member countries to control and regulate

measles and rubella.

WHO 2009

Measles mortality reduction

and regional elimination:

Strategic plan 2001-2005

Developed by the WHO and UNICEF, this document provides a framework for

guiding and coordinating measles mortality reduction and regional elimination

activities through strategies aimed at interruption of measles transmission and

opportunities for conducting research into barriers to the effective control and

elimination of the disease.

WHO 2001

Measles mortality reduction:

Regional strategic plan

2003-2005

This document by the WHO SEARO provides a framework for countries of the South

East Asia region to reduce the number of measles deaths through reliable monthly

reporting of cases or deaths, investigation of outbreaks and achieve and maintain

80% coverage of routine measles vaccination.

WHO - SEARO

2003

Modules on best practices

for measles surveillance

The objective of this document published by WHO in 2001 was to provide guidelines

to public health workers at all levels on the best measles surveillance practices.

WHO 2001

WHO Recommended

standards for surveillance of

selected Vaccine

preventable diseases

This document by the WHO in 2003 provides guidance on the surveillance standards

for selected vaccine-preventable diseases that can be adapted to meet national

needs in accordance with each country’s disease control priorities, objectives and

strategies.

WHO 2003

Technical Publication

Adverse Events Following

Immunization (AEFI):

Developed by the WHO, this aide-memoire is intended to be used by health workers

at the national (or first sub-national) level as a guide for conducting a systematic,

71

Causality assessment standardized causality assessment for serious adverse events following

immunization (including clusters).

Cholera Vaccines: A New

Public Health Tool?

Published in 2004, this report describes the proceedings of a meeting convened by

the WHO in 2002 to consider the potential role that might be played by oral cholera

vaccines in the prevention and control of cholera outbreaks and endemic disease,

and to develop recommendations on the use of such vaccines.

WHO 2004

Communication for

immunization campaigns for

maternal and neonatal

tetanus elimination

This guide developed in 2006 by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the

Children describes the process of designing and conducting a social mobilization

program to create demand and increase participation during immunization

campaigns/routine immunizations to eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus. The

document includes references to the best practices and lessons learned from such

campaigns in the past.

Save the Children

2006

Communication for polio

eradication and routine

immunization: checklists

and easy reference guides

Developed by the WHO, USAID and other partners in 2002 for planners and

managers, this document is a compilation of various checklists and reference guides

covering communication and mobilization aspects of routine immunization and

disease surveillance, in addition to supplementary immunization for polio eradication.

It includes three sections on planning and strategies, messages and media, and

monitoring and evaluation.

WHO/USAID 2002

Coverage Evaluation Survey

2002 for IPPI, Routine

Immunization and Maternal

Care: National Report

A report prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2002 on the

nation-wide survey conducted to evaluate the coverage and people’s response to

Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization, Routine Immunization, and different

components of Maternal Care.

MOHFW 2002

Coverage Evaluation Survey

Report 2008: Japanese

Encephalitis (JE)

Report of a study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods that was

conducted by UNICEF in 2008 to assess the true coverage of the JE vaccination

campaign in the study districts, and to identify key program planning and

UNICEF 2008

72

implementation issues for optimal delivery of the injectable vaccine to a large target

population.

Coverage Evaluation

Survey: All India Report

2005

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.

UNICEF 2005

Coverage Evaluation

Survey: All India Report

2006

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.

UNICEF 2006

Coverage Evaluation

Survey: All India Report

2009

This Survey conducted by UNICEF in 2009 assesses the impact of NRHM strategies

on coverage levels of maternal, newborn and child-health services including

immunization among women and children. Employing a two-stage sampling

procedure, the survey covered all the States and Union Territories of India and was

conducted between November 2009 and January 2010.

UNICEF 2009

Description and comparison

of the methods of cluster

Produced by the WHO in 2001, this report provides a brief description of the Cluster

sampling method and the Lot Quality Assessment Sampling (LQAS) method,

WHO 2001

73

sampling and lot quality

assurance sampling to

assess immunization

coverage

compares and contrasts the two methods, and provides guidelines for the health

workers working in immunization on the setting in which each is appropriate. Both

sampling techniques can be used for the overall population estimates of

immunization coverage.

Economics of immunization:

a guide to the literature and

other resources

Published by the WHO in 2004, this annotated bibliography identifies literature and

web resources on costing, cost–benefit analyses, financing, policy issues, tools, and

other related topics within the context of immunization financing. It includes

background information on issues of immunization financing, summaries of 87 key

articles and list of 350 documents related to the topic, and the directory of contacts

and web sites for additional information.

WHO 2004

Getting started with vaccine

vial monitors

This document, developed jointly by WHO and PATH in 2002 with funding from

USAID, provides information about the working of a Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM), its

advantages, costs, training needs, and operational impact. At the end of the

document is a questionnaire for conducting KAP survey to assess the impact of

VVMs on the delivery of vaccines and use of measles vaccine.

WHO /

PATH 2002

Global plan for reducing

measles mortality 2006-2010

This joint statement by WHO/UNICEF advocates a comprehensive strategy for

reducing measles mortality in high priority countries that has been previously

effective in other WHO regions. It lays forth the goals and challenges to

implementation and emphasizes on partnership as the key to success.

WHO 2006

Government Circular--

Preparation of Microplan of

Routine Immunization and

A circular issued in 2009 by the Directorate of Family Welfare to all the Chief District

Medical Officers in Orissa regarding the importance of microplanning for

strengthening vaccine logistic management and improving routine immunization

NRHM 2009

74

consolidation at

Block/District level services. The document also includes two guidelines – first is an operational

guideline on the preparation of microplan, and the second guideline is on how to

conduct training on the preparation of these plans.

Government Circular--

Training on introduction of

Vaccine Register in the

District Level

A circular issued in 2009 by the Directorate of Family Welfare to all the Chief District

Medical Officers in Orissa on conducting Sensitization Workshops for introduction of

Vaccine Registers at the district and block level to improve the reporting of vaccine

logistics and availability of information in the state. The document also includes

operational and financial guidelines on conducting these workshops.

NRHM 2009

Government Report-- Survey

of Immunization Coverage in

the State of Delhi 2006

Sponsored by Directorate of Family Welfare, Delhi government, this survey was

undertaken in 9 districts of Delhi by NIMS (ICMR) to provide information on the

progress and identify gaps in immunization of and ANC coverage among children

and women.

MOHFW 2006

Government Report-- Survey

of Immunization Coverage in

the State of Delhi 2006

Sponsored by Directorate of Family Welfare, Delhi government, this survey was

undertaken in 9 districts of Delhi by NIMS (ICMR) to provide information on the

progress and identify gaps in immunization of and ANC coverage among children

and women.

MOHFW 2006

Immunization and Vaccine

Preventable Diseases

The third part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child

health and nutrition in India. This document briefly describes the features of vaccine

preventable diseases, the importance of immunization and the immunological basis,

schedule, delivery and adverse effects of vaccines, and the different strategies that

can be used to improve the quality and coverage of immunization services.

CARE

Immunization coverage in

India

A working paper examining the status and performance of the immunization

programme in India, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand during 1980-2004, and

suggests policy and programs for realization of the goals of Universal Immunization

Program.

Institute of Economic Growth

2007

75

Performance assessment of

Health Workers training in

Routine Immunization in

India

This study, conducted jointly by the NIHFW and WHO-NPSP in 2009, aimed to

assess the level of health workers performance in providing immunization services

following the introduction of the Training materials (Immunization Handbook for

Health Workers and Facilitators Guide) by the MoHFW in 2006.

WHO 2009

Performance needs

assessment of basic

healthcare workers in

Immunization in India

Report of the performance need assessment study conducted by the MoHFW in

2005 to identify the gaps in performance of basic health care workers in providing

immunization services (including the training needs) so as to plan for interventions to

improve their performance. The study was conducted across 8 states covering 40

districts and used interview schedule and observation for data collection.

WHO 2005

Reducing Measles Mortality

in Emergencies The joint statement by WHO/UNICEF outlines the optimal strategies to reduce

measles mortality during and after emergencies.

WHO 2004

Review of National

Immunization Coverage

(1980-2006)

This report by the WHO & UNICEF reviews the coverage of all vaccines under the

Universal Immunization Programme in India by analyzing the trends and sources of

data for a period of 26 years (1980 to 2006).

WHO

/UNICEF 2007

State of the World’s

Vaccines and

Immunizations: Executive

Summary

This document is the executive summary of the Third edition of State of the world’s

vaccines and immunizations which was published by the WHO in 2009. The edition

focused on the major developments in vaccines and immunization since the year

2000.

WHO 2009

Template of a national plan

of action for maternal and

This template plan developed jointly by the WHO and UNICEF in 2001, outlines the

strategies, activities, and resource needs to achieve and sustain elimination of

WHO 2006

76

neonatal tetanus elimination

maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT). It aims to reduce the work of developing a

plan of action for MNT elimination, and to ensure standardized baseline information.

Monitoring and Evaluation

of Maternal and Newborn

Health and Services at the

District Level

Report of a technical consultation organized by the WHO in 2006 to improve

processes involved in effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of maternal and

newborn health at the district level. The meeting focused on sharing of innovative

programs/experiences of M&E, analysis of requirements, development of an

integrated approach, and drafting recommendations on how to move ahead.

WHO 2006

Monitoring emergency

obstetric care: A handbook

A handbook developed by the WHO in 2009 which summarizes the indicators that

can be used to assess, monitor and evaluate the availability, use and quality of

Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) at the programmatic level. It describes each

indicator and how it is constructed and used, their acceptable levels (if appropriate),

the background of the indicator, data collection, analysis and interpretation, and

suggestions for supplementary studies.

WHO 2009

Operationalizing FRU’s:

Paving the way ahead

A brief summary of the achievements, key findings and recommendations of the

project undertaken by PHFI and partners to provide technical assistance to the

Government of Jharkhand for operationalizing First Referral Units in the state

MCH-STAR

Postpartum care of the

mother and newborn: a

practical guide

This WHO report details the needs of women and their newborn during the

postpartum period, the health challenges faced by them during the period, and the

response of the health care system to these needs and challenges. It attempts to

bring together evidence and the arguments for good practice in this field.

WHO

Saving Women’s Lives:

Clinical and Community

Action to Address

Published in 2009, this document provides information about an integrated package

of Clinical and Community Action Model developed by Pathfinder International to

Pathfinder International

2009

77

Postpartum Hemorrhage

address the full spectrum of clinical and social causes of post-partum hemorrhage

morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings

Saving the lives of children

under age 5: State of the

World’s Mothers 2007

This eighth annual report on ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save the

Children in 2007 focuses on deaths of children under the age of 5 years and brings

to attention low-cost solutions with greatest potential to save the lives of mother and

children. It also tracks the progress of different countries on mother-child survival

indicators

Save the Children

2007

Shaping policy for Maternal

and Newborn health: A

compendium of case studies

Published by the JHPIEGO in 2003, this compendium of case studies describes

successful approaches taken by the civil society and non-governmental

organizations in influencing national policy in maternal and newborn health. Each

case study presents a strategy for achieving or influencing policy change, details of

the implementation process, and a discussion of results

JHPIRGO 2003

Short Programme Review:

Child Health Programme in

Rajasthan 2010

Report of a 5-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR Jaipur

with support from UNOPS-NIPI in September 2010, to assess the status of child

health program in Rajasthan. Based on a package developed at the global level, this

initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH), reviews the

goals, objectives, interventions and activities of child health program along the

continuum of care process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and

recommends actions to decision-makers for improving program effectiveness

IIHMR 2010

The Global Campaign for the

Health Millennium

Development Goals 2010:

Putting the Global strategy

for Women’s and Children’s

This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development

Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in

putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This

Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in

USAID 2010

78

Health into action

September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations

The State of the World’s

Children 2009: Maternal and

Newborn Health

The 2009 annual report by UNICEF focuses on maternal and neonatal health. It

analyzes the status, trend and causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and

morbidity in the world, explores the successful programs and policies for creating a

supporting environment and continuum of care across time and location, and

advocates strengthening of health systems and partnerships for improving maternal

and neonatal health

UNICEF 2009

Tracking progress in Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival: The 2008 Report

This report was developed by the ‘Countdown to 2015’ collaboration to track

coverage of interventions needed to attain MDGs 4 and 5 (and parts of MDGs 1, 6,

and 7) in 68 priority countries of the world bearing the highest burden of maternal

and child mortality. It also takes stock of progress in maternal and child survival,

identifies gaps in knowledge, and proposes new actions to achieve these MDGs

UNICEF 2008

WHO Antenatal care

randomized trial: Manual for

the implementation of the

new model

This manual describes the principles, overview and components of the WHO

antenatal care model (with lower number of ANC visits compared to the standard

model), the findings of a multi-centre RCT of this model and results from an earlier

systematic review. It also provides guidance on how to conduct the four-visit

schedule of the new model for the management of pregnant women who do not have

evidence of any complication or risk factor

WHO 2002

Why are Maternal Mortality

Rates Lower in the MCH-FP

Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?

Published in 2009, this study by Pathfinder International compares maternal mortality

in the Maternal Child Health-Family Planning project (MCH-FP) in Matlab (a rural

sub-district of Bangladesh) and government-served Comparison Areas to assess the

Pathfinder International

2009

79

The Role of Pregnancy

Outcomes

impact of the project on maternal mortality, and, if so, the extent to which differences

between the areas in pregnancy outcomes and their case-fatality rates explain the

maternal mortality difference

Women on the front lines of Health Care: State of the World’s Mothers 2010

The eleventh annual report on the ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save

the Children in 2010 focuses on the critical shortage of health workers and shows

how investments in training and deploying female health workers have paid-off in

terms of lives saved and illnesses averted. It points to the availability of low-cost,

low-tech solutions that could save millions more lives, provided they were more

widely available and used

Save the Children

2010

Training Child anaemia training

module

A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of UP and

Jharkhand developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. This module

provides basic information about child and maternal anemia in UP/Jharkhand, and

builds capacity of these workers to effectively deliver the service components

including counseling to the clients and their family members

USAID

Counselling for maternal and newborn health: A handbook for building skills

This handbook was developed by the WHO in 2008 to strengthen counselling and

communication skills of health care providers and help them to effectively convey to

women, families and communities the key issues surrounding pregnancy, childbirth,

postpartum and postnatal care

WHO 2008

Government Training – Asha

Prashikshako ke liye

Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1

(HINDI)

Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are

designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in

Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part

reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field

NHSRC 2010

80

of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of

Module 7).

Government Training –

Foundation course for re-

orientation in Basic

Emergency (Essential)

Obstetric Care: Trainees

Manual

This manual for a 2-day training course was developed by the MoHFW in

collaboration with NIHFW and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) in 2010

to complement the ongoing SBA training programme. Aimed at improving and

updating existing knowledge and skills of service providers (Medical Officers, Staff

nurses, ANMs) in providing Basic Essential Obstetric Care, the course is divided into

nine modules to help the health care provider understand the complications of child

birth and their possible solutions

NIHFW 2010

Government Training – Notes for ASHA Trainers: Part 1

Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of

trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The

notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of

ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn

health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).

NHSRC 2010

Government Training-- A

handbook for Auxiliary

Nurse Midwives, Lady

Health Visitors and Staff

Nurses (NEW)

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this handbook for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and

Staff Nurses (SNs) contains information on the check-lists and case studies on the

skills that the Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) is expected to master to provide quality

care during pregnancy and child birth

MoHFW 2010

Government Training-- Life

saving anesthetic skills for

Emergency Obstetric Care:

Log book for trainees

Developed by the MOHFW and AIIMS, this logbook is part of a training to equip the

MBBS doctors with necessary skills and competencies to manage cases requiring

life saving emergency obstetric care at the FRUs through a short course. It would

also assist the trainers in assessing performance of participants and identifying their

deficiencies to improve them during the training period

MoHFW

81

Government Training--

Trainer's Guide for

Conducting Training of

Auxiliary Nurse Midwives,

Lady Health Visitors and

Staff Nurses (NEW)

Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),

this guide is designed to support systematic and methodological training of Auxiliary

Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and Staff Nurses (SNs) in

provision of skilled care during pregnancy and child birth. It provides instructions for

the trainer on how to plan and operationalize the health facility for conducting the

SBA training, how to conduct each session and use appropriate teaching aids

MoHFW 2010

Infection prevention

practices in Emergency

Obstetric Care

This booklet by Engender Health describes the aseptic practices recommended in

specific Emergency Obstetric Care procedures and provides information on options

and acceptable modifications to routine practice during emergency

Engender Health

2003

Maternal anemia training

module

A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of Jharkhand

developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. The aim of this one day

training is to develop the capacity of front line workers in Jharkhand to effectively

deliver services for the control of maternal anemia

A2Z, USAID - Micronutrient Project

Training Curriculum for

Traditional Birth Attendants

This document developed by RACHNA and USAID provides guidance to the trainers

about the preparation, curriculum and the activities required during the training of

Traditional Birth Attendants on improving maternal and newborn health

RACHNA and USAID

2002

Scientific Articles

A study for assessing birth

preparedness and

complication readiness

intervention in Rewa District

of Madhya Pradesh

A study conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, S.S Medical College,

Madhya Pradesh in 2008-09 with support from NIHFW to assess the status of birth

preparedness and complication readiness interventions in the Rewa district of MP.

Using cluster sampling technique, the survey evaluated the availability of resources,

the knowledge and skills of health providers, and awareness and knowledge of

pregnant women and families regarding birth preparedness

NIHFW 2009

A systematic review of inequalities in the use of maternal health care in developing countries: examining the scale of the problem and the importance

A systematic review published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in

2007 to assess the extent of variation in the use of key maternal health care

interventions in developing countries according to women’s place of residence and

her socio-economic status. It further analyses these variations depending upon the

WHO 2007

82

of context strength of evidence and investigates their contextual circumstances

Alternative strategies to

reduce maternal mortality in

India: a cost-effectiveness

analysis (NEW)

Published in PLoS Medicine in 2010, this article estimates the health and economic

outcomes of various strategies to reduce maternal mortality in India. Using

computer-based modeling that simulates women through pregnancy and child birth,

the researchers estimated the effect of various strategies (family planning, safe

abortion, access to obstetric care, etc) on clinical outcomes (pregnancies, deliveries,

live births, etc), costs and cost-effectiveness in India

BIOMED - PLoS Medicine

2010

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series (Part 4):

Reducing stillbirths:

screening and monitoring

during pregnancy and

labour

This is the fourth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009.

This systematic review analyzes the available published evidence for the impact of

14 screening and monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth, including

identification and management of high-risk pregnancies, advanced monitoring

techniques, and monitoring of labour

Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series (Part 5):

Reducing stillbirths:

interventions during labour

This fifth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for eight interventions delivered during childbirth.

These interventions include care primarily provided at secondary and tertiary level

large teaching/research hospitals with surgical capacity, that are of potential benefit

for perinatal health and prevention of stillbirths

Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part

1): 3.2 million stillbirths:

epidemiology and overview

of the evidence review

This first article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009 outlines

issues in the availability and quality of data related to stillbirths, and the global

epidemiology of stillbirths. It further describes the methodology and framework used

for the subsequent systematic reviews of interventions and strategies to prevent

stillbirths

Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part

2): Reducing stillbirths:

This second article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for non-clinical interventions (behavioural and

Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth

2009

83

behavioural and nutritional

interventions before and

during pregnancy

nutritional interventions) with a biologically plausible impact on stillbirth incidence

that can be delivered via reproductive health or ANC services before or during

pregnancy. The review focuses on interventions targeting socially mediated risk

factors for stillbirth and which can be delivered in low and middle income countries at

the community level

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part

3): Reducing stillbirths:

prevention and management

of medical disorders and

infections during pregnancy

This third article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for 16 antenatal interventions to address the known

clinical risk factors for stillbirths that are treatable or preventable during antenatal

period. The risk factors such as infections, malaria, lack of access to health facilities

and poor antenatal care were reviewed.

Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth

2009

BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth

Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part

6): Delivering interventions

to reduce the global burden

of stillbirths: improving

service supply and

community demand

This last article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009

systematically reviews evidence for community and health systems approaches to

improve uptake and quality of antenatal and intrapartum care for reducing stillbirths.

It further synthesizes programme and policy recommendations for how best to

deliver evidence-based interventions at the community and the facility levels, across

the continuum of care.

Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth

2009

Child Survival and Safe

Motherhood Program in

Rajasthan

A community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2004 in a rural area of

Rajasthan as a field exercise by the participants of a Field Epidemiology Training

Program to estimate the immunization coverage under the Universal Immunization

Program and the reasons for their failure, and to evaluate the status of antenatal

care and delivery practices including immunization coverage of Tetanus toxoid.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

2006

Community-based

Interventions for Improving Published in 2005, this systematic review of community-based antenatal,

Pediatrics 2005

84

Perinatal and Neonatal

Health Outcomes in

Developing Countries: A

Review of the Evidence

intrapartum, and postnatal trials (both RCTs and quazi-randomized trials) aims to

identify interventions with sufficient evidence of success for inclusion in community-

based neonatal care programs in developing countries, to identify gaps in

knowledge, and to suggest priority areas for future research and program learning.

Comparison of domiciliary and institutional delivery care practices in rural Rajasthan, India

A retrospective cross-sectional study published in 2009 to assess key childbirth

practices, compare the roles of care providers attending domiciliary and institutional

deliveries, and to estimate care provider-preferences and costs incurred by families

seeking maternal and newborn care in rural Rajasthan, India.

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition

2009

Direct cost of maternity-care

services in south Delhi: a

community survey (NEW)

Published in the Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition in 2009, this article

documents the findings of a community survey conducted in Delhi to estimate the

direct maternity care expenses for women who recently delivered in southern part of

the city, and explore its socio-demographic associations.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

2009

Emergency Obstetric Care

and Referral: Experience of

Two Midwife-led Health

Centres in Rural Rajasthan,

India

This article documents the experience of two Primary Health Centers from the

interior rural areas of Rajasthan where trained nurse-midwives are providing skilled

maternal and newborn care round the clock, and its result in terms of maternal and

neonatal deaths.

ARTH 2009

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 1) -

Maternal mortality: who,

when, where, and why

This first article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 provides systematic

global estimate of the burden, geographical distribution, timing and major causes of

maternal deaths occurring worldwide, along with the factors responsible for

LANCET 2006

85

inequalities in the risk of maternal deaths.

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 2) -

Strategies for Reducing

Maternal Mortality: Getting

on with What Works

The second article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the

research-informed strategic choices available for reducing maternal mortality,

advocates the primary care/health centre intrapartum-care strategy backed up by

access to referral-level facilities as the best bet to bring down high maternal

mortality, and discusses the delays and priority issues for safe motherhood

programming.

LANCET 2006

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 3) - Going

to Scale with Professional

Skilled Care

The third article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the

obstacles/gaps to the expansion of quality maternal care, the importance of training,

deployment and retention of health workers for improving coverage of care, and

advocates teams of providers as an efficient option for scaling up coverage of

maternal care.

LANCET 2006

Lancet Maternal Survival

Series 2006 (Part 4) -

Mobilizing Financial

Resources for Maternal

Health

This fourth article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 explains the case for

investment in maternal health, considers ways to channelize financial resources for

maternal health within countries, and examines the limitations and successes of

financial mechanisms and alternative methods in improving quality of care and

ensuring access to the poor.

LANCET 2006

Maternal Healthcare

Financing: Gujarat’s

Chiranjeevi Scheme and its

Beneficiaries

Chiranjeevi Scheme is a public-private partnership developed by the state of Gujarat

to provide institutional delivery, specifically emergency obstetric care for the poor.

This case study explores the targeting of the scheme, its coverage, socio economic

profile of the beneficiaries, and to assess financial protec¬tion offered by the scheme

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition

2009

86

in one of the initial pilot districts.

Maternal health situation in

India: a case study

This case study published in 2009 evaluates the status of maternal health in India

including the national maternal health programs, trends in maternal mortality, the

healthcare-delivery system at different levels, and the recent innovative strategies. It

also identifies reasons for limited success and suggests measures to rectify them.

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No. 2

2009

National estimates for

maternal mortality: an

analysis based on the WHO

systematic review of

maternal mortality and

morbidity

Published in 2005 in the journal BMC Public Health, this article analyzes the

nationally representative estimates of maternal mortality across the globe derived

from a systematic review conducted earlier by the WHO (to provide standardized

data on incidence/prevalence of maternal morbidity and mortality), and evaluates the

association between study-specific and country-specific variables with the existing

maternal mortality estimates using regression modeling.

BMC Public Health

2005

Pregnancy-related Deaths in

Rural Rajasthan, India:

Exploring Causes, Context,

and Care-seeking Through

Verbal Autopsy

Published in 2009, this verbal autopsy study identifies the major causes of death

among women of reproductive age group in rural Rajasthan, describes their care-

seeking patterns, and assesses the influence of social, economic and gender factors

on the care-seeking behaviour.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No. 2

2009

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: Impact on

economic growth of

investing in maternal–

newborn health (Part 3)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the

evidence of the impact on economic growth of investments in maternal-newborn

health.

WHO 2006

87

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: economic

vulnerability and social

implications (Part 1)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper reviews evidence base on economic

vulnerability and social implications in relation to maternal-newborn ill health, and

highlights major gaps in this evidence base.

WHO 2006

The effect of maternal–

newborn ill-health on

households: the costs of

maternal newborn illness

and mortality (Part 2)

A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO

departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and

newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their

impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the

estimation of the cost of illness related to maternal–newborn ill-health.

WHO 2006

Statistical Publication

Antenatal care in developing

countries. Promises,

achievements and missed

opportunities: An analysis

of trends, levels and

differentials

Published in 2003, this paper prepared by WHO and UNICEF provides a detailed

report of the trends in antenatal care in the developing countries during the period

1990-2000, with analysis of their achievements and missed opportunities. The data

was usually obtained from household surveys and does not give information on the

content and quality of services.

WHO 2003

Baseline Survey on Child

and Related Maternal Health

Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of Bihar

where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant

2009

88

mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the

status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify gaps in the

existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and opportunities, and

develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

Baseline Survey on Child

and Related Maternal Health

Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI

Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to

reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

2009

Baseline Survey on Child

and Related Maternal Health

Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

2009

Baseline Survey on Child

and Related Maternal Health

Care: Rajasthan (NIPI

Report)

Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of

Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce

infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to

2009

89

evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify

gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and

opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

Baseline survey on child

and related maternal health

care: Consolidated report

(NIPI Report)

Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states of

Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership

Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health.

The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and related maternal

health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs

and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.

2009

Coverage Evaluation

Survey: All India Report

2005

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.

UNICEF 2005

Coverage Evaluation

Survey: All India Report

2006

This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and

availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,

delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and

evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and

colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.

UNICEF 2006

90

Fact sheet All States

This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators

and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and

TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS

Bulletins and from Census 2001.

NHSRC

Tracking progress in

Maternal, Newborn and

Child Survival: India 2008

report

The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the

progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn

Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues,

based on the latest data from the country.

2008

91

TOPIC: NUTRITION

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policy, Program, Guidelines

Anthropometric Indicators Measurement Guide

Developed by the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project with financial

support from USAID in 2003, this guide describes the anthropometric indicators

used for assessment and monitoring of nutritional status of infants and young

children. It outlines the importance of specific indicators, the steps for collecting

data, the equipments & methods of measurement, comparison of data with the

reference standard, and the technique of data analysis.

AED 2003

Government Guidelines -- National Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding

This document outlines the National Guideline on Infant and Young Child Feeding

developed by the Department of Women and Child Development to advocate the

cause and improvement of child nutrition, disseminate the correct norms of

breastfeeding and complementary feeding at all levels, and help plan efforts for

raising awareness and commitment for achieving optimal feeding practices.

Department of Women and Child

Department

2004

Government Guidelines -- Operational guidelines for Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers (NRC)

This guideline by the Govt. of Orissa provides operational guidance for setting up

Nutrition Rehabilitation Center for the institutional care and management of

malnourished children. It gives information on the infrastructure and equipment

needs of the centre, criteria for admission, training requirement, types of services,

mechanism of monitoring and follow-up, and financial arrangements

NRHM 2008

Government Guidelines-- Operational guidelines for

Developed by the Department of Health and Family Welfare Govt. of Orissa, this NRHM 2009

92

Pustikar Diwas: A child survival initiative

document provides guidance for operationalising a fixed day (on the 15th day of

every month and known as ‘Pustikar Diwas’) at the Block PHC/CHC level to ensure

effective management, treatment and referral of severely malnourished children

less than five years of age. This initiative has been started in collaboration with the

State’s Women and Child Development Department.

Government Policy -- Review of the policy regarding micronutrients – Iron Folic Acid

A government circular issued in April 2007 by the Child Health division of the

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare detailing the approved national policy on

Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation in the country. It informs about the dosages

and duration of IFA supplementation to be followed for the different age groups

MOHFW 2007

Government Policy -- Revised policy guidelines on National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme

The Revised Policy Guidelines on NIDDCP of 2006 describes the magnitude of IDD in

the country, the major achievements of the ongoing national programme, and the

various aspects of the program in respect of new IDD survey guidelines suggested

by ICMR including biochemical testing.

MOHFW 2006

Government Policy -- Vitamin A Supplementation Programme in Children

A government circular issued in November 2006 by the Child Health division of the

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare regarding the revised national policy on

Vitamin A supplementation Programme for children in the country. An attached

note details the revised policy to be followed regarding prevention of Vitamin A

deficiency, administration of its supplementation dose, and treatment of its

deficiency

MOHFW 2006

Guidelines for Designing Evaluations of Community Based Nutrition Promotion Programs

This document published by the World Bank in 2007 provides guidance for

evaluating the planning, technical and operational implementation and impact of

community based nutrition programs. World Bank 2007

93

Guidelines for the Inpatient Treatment of Severely Malnourished Children

A guideline developed by the WHO in 2003 to provide practical help for the people

responsible for dietary management and medical treatment of severely

malnourished children. WHO 2003

Guiding Principles for Feeding Non-Breastfed Children 6-24 Months of Age

Published by the WHO in 2005, this document provides guidance on appropriate

feeding of breastfed infants from six months onwards. It gives the

recommendations along with the scientific rationale on issues related to quality,

quantity, safety, hygiene and feeding during and after illness for such infants and

young children.

WHO 2005

Guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during emergencies

This document published by the WHO in 2004 provides guidance on the feeding of

infants and young children during emergencies together with the explanation and

significance of each of the working principles, their implication, and suggested

actions to help prevent increased morbidity and mortality.

WHO 2004

HIV and infant feeding: A guide for health care managers and supervisors

Based on new scientific and epidemiological information, this document published

by the WHO in 2003 provides guidance to health-care managers and supervisors on

issues regarding organization of infant and young child feeding services in the

context of HIV, including areas of special concern.

WHO 2003

HIV and infant feeding: Framework for priority action

Based on new scientific and epidemiological information, this framework published

by the WHO in 2003 recommends priority actions to be taken at policy level

regarding the infant and young child feeding under special circumstances associated

with HIV/AIDS. This document encourages use of appropriate feeding practices and

of scaling up interventions to reduce HIV transmission.

WHO 2003

HIV and infant feeding: Guidelines for decision

Based on new scientific and epidemiological information, this document published WHO 2003

94

makers by the WHO in 2003 provides guidance to decision-makers on issues requiring

consideration in relation to infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and

to highlight areas of special concern on which policy decisions need to be adapted

for local use.

Management of severe malnutrition: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers

Developed by the WHO in 1999 for health personnel working at the central and

district level including physicians, nurses, and midwives, this manual provides

guidelines on the evaluation, initial treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up of

severely malnourished children below the age of 5 years in hospitals and health

centers. It also briefly discusses the management of malnutrition in emergencies

and management of malnutrition in adolescents and adults.

WHO 1999

The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care

The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global effort launched by the WHO

and UNICEF in 1991 to implement practices that protect, promote and support

breastfeeding. Its resource materials for training have been revised, updated and

expanded in 2009 to provide integrated care. This package now includes five

sections:

Section 1: Background and Implementation

Section 2: Strengthening and Sustaining the BFHI, a course for decision-makers

Section 3: Breastfeeding Promotion and Support in a Baby-Friendly Hospital, a 20-

hour course for maternity staff

Section 4: Hospital Self Appraisal and Monitoring

Section 5: External Assessment and Reassessment

WHO / UNICEF

2006

What are the options? Using formative research to adapt global recommendations on HIV and infant feeding to the local context

Published by the WHO in 2004, this document provides guidance to program

managers, researchers, and policy makers on how to conduct formative research to

establish the range of replacement feeding options and breast-milk feeding options

in the context of HIV and infant feeding that may be acceptable, feasible,

affordable, sustainable and safe (AFASS) in different settings.

WHO 2004

95

Technical Publications

A consensus call to national child health programs: Drop Mixed-Feeding

Developed by the South Asia Breastfeeding Partners' Forum-4 in 2007, this

document summarizes the recommendations on the policy and programme

implications requiring attention to stop mixed feeding by HIV positive mothers IBFAN Asia 2008

Asia Pacific Conference on Breastfeeding and National Convention of BPNI 2003

Summary report of the First Asia Pacific Conference on Breastfeeding held in New

Delhi, India in December 2003 which was attended by representatives of 38

countries. The theme of the conference was ‘Infant and Young Child Feeding: From

Policy to Practice’.

BPNI 2003

Assessment of Status of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in practice, policy and program: Achievements and Gaps.

A report on the workshop held in 2005 to discuss the nation-wide assessment

conducted by BPNI to identify achievements and gaps in the existing policy,

program and practices in reference to Infant and Young Child Feeding. The report

was finalized after a consensus process involving key stakeholders

BPNI 2005

BPNI WBW Action Folder 2002

Developed on the eve of the World Breastfeeding Week 2002, this document

advocates the importance of mother’s health including women’s right to humane

and non-invasive birthing practices, and describes the actions required to improve

the health status of mothers

BPNI 2002

BPNI WBW Action Folder 2003

Developed on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2003, this document describes

the challenges of globalization, and also the opportunities provided by it for

protecting, promoting and supporting breast feeding. BPNI 2003

BPNI’s 3 years Report This report provides a quick view of the work BPNI had done during the period of 3

years (April 2003 to March 2006) to impact on the nutrition, health, development, BPNI 2006

96

and survival of infants and young children.

Beyond survival: Integrated delivery care practices for long-term maternal and infant Nutrition, Health and Development

This document by WHO PAHO focuses on 3 key practices for continuum of maternal

newborn care at the community level – delayed cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact,

and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. It reviews the current evidence on

the nutritional and health benefits of these interventions followed by discussion on

the feasibility of their implementation.

WHO-PAHO 2007

Breaking the law and undermining breastfeeding – Series 1

An advocacy paper published by BPNI explaining the laws/legislation and the

prohibited actions under ‘The IMS Act’. The first part of the series describes the

activities undertaken by the baby food companies to market their product and how

these actions violate the IMS Act.

BPNI 2005

Breast milk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children

A technical publication on the recommended feeding and dietary practices for

improving Vitamin A status in the mother, newborn baby, and the growing infant,

and the various actions that can be taken at different levels to promote it. LINKAGES 2000

Breastfeeding and brain development

An information sheet prepared by IBFAN Asia Pacific and BPNI in 2005 summarizing

the studies conducted globally to indicate positive correlation between

breastfeeding and brain/cognitive development of the infants. BPNI / IBFAN 2008

Breastfeeding and family foods: Loving and Healthy

Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2005, this brochure

gives information on the importance of continued breastfeeding after six months of

age along with timely introduction of complimentary foods, the correct process and

the types of food to be introduced, and the IMS Act.

BPNI 2005

Breastfeeding: A Vital Emergency Response

Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2009, this brochure BPNI 2009

97

explains the vital role played by breastfeeding as a lifeline for infants in

emergencies, brings forth the challenges in protecting breastfeeding in emergencies

and assesses India’s readiness to take on the challenge

Breastfeeding: The First Hour Save One Million Babies

Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2007, this brochure

informs about the benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding, the steps and actions

required to promote it, and its usefulness in improving child survival. BPNI 2007

Challenging Assumptions: Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS

A policy brief by PATH summarizes the benefits of breastfeeding by HIV Positive

mothers in reducing the risk of HIV transmission in breastfed children, and

advocates increased adoption of WHO guidelines on infant feeding and HIV. PATH 2008

Child and Maternal Nutrition in India

Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of

child and maternal nutrition in India, lists the interventions that work, and

advocates actions for improving their status. USAID -

Childhood Obesity and Non Communicable Diseases: ICMR-CIHR Workshop

Report of the 2 day joint workshop conducted by ICMR and Canadian Institutes of

Health Research in 2009 on the causes and prevention of childhood obesity. The

main themes of discussion were epidemiologic transition & its consequences, early

origins of obesity, the obesogenic environment and public health interventions.

ICMR 2009

Community based strategies for breastfeeding promotion and support in developing countries

Published by the WHO in 2003, this review examines the role of communities and

community-based resource persons (interventions) in promoting and supporting

optimal breastfeeding practices in developing countries. Based on a review of the

literature and an analysis of three projects, it assesses the impact of these

interventions, the mechanisms through which behaviours can be changed, and the

LINKAGES 2003

98

factors that are necessary to maximize and sustain the benefits of interventions.

Community-Level Interventions to Prevent and Treat Anemia: A Review of Evidence from India

A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in

2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions

regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)

interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of

USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,

Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document

outlines the review on community-level interventions for anemia prevention and

treatment, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the

recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after

analysis of the interventions.

USAID 2008

Defining the issues for Vitamin A

This document developed by the A2Z Project in 2007 reviews the existing evidence

and the gaps related to Vitamin A supplementation in children and women of

reproductive age group, the methods of assessing its status, the strategies to

prevent and control its deficiency, and the barriers to scale up sustainable

interventions.

AED 2007

Evidence for the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding

Developed in 1998 by the WHO/UNICEF, this document summarizes the practices

necessary to support breastfeeding along with review of evidence for the efficacy of

the ‘Ten Steps to successful breastfeeding’, to act as a tool for both advocacy and

education. These Ten Steps are the foundation of their Baby Friendly Hospital

Initiative (BFHI).

WHO 1998

Exclusive Breastfeeding: The Gold Standard

A brochure by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2004 emphasizing the

importance of exclusive breast feeding as a safe, sound and sustainable strategy for BPNI 2004

99

improving child survival, and promoting it as the societal norm for normal babies as

well as in special conditions of LBW babies and HIV positive mothers.

Facts for Feeding: Birth, initiation of breastfeeding, and the first seven days after birth

‘Facts for Feeding’ is a series of publication from the LINKAGES project of USAID on

the recommended feeding and dietary practices to improve nutritional status at

various stages of life cycle. This document developed in 2003 summarizes the

recommended practices/processes to be followed at the time of birth, initiation of

breastfeeding, and during the first seven days after birth.

LINKAGES 2003

First Regional Workshop on Promoting Child Survival, Nutrition and Health by Achieving Optimal IYCF Practices

Summary report of the First Regional Workshop of the Northern states of India held

in New Delhi in June 2006 for Promoting Child Survival, Nutrition and Health by

achieving optimal IYCF practices. BPNI 2006

Global response to contamination of powdered infant formula with E Sakazakii

A technical publication developed by BPNI summarizing different actions taken by

various government and UN agencies across the globe against contamination of

powdered infant formula with Enterobacter sakazakii. BPNI 2007

Government Circular-- Government order for revised norms for monitoring and evaluation mechanism at the State Government/UT administration level under ICDS Scheme

A copy of the Government order issued by the Ministry of Women and Child

Development (MWCD) in May 2009 informing about the revised norms for

strengthening monitoring and evaluation mechanism under the centrally sponsored

ICDS Scheme.

MOWCD 2009

Government Circular-- Guidelines for provision of Pre-school Education Kits for Anganwadi Centers under ICDS Scheme

A Government order issued by the MWCD in May 2009 informing the States and the

Union Territories about the revised guideline for provision of Pre-school Education

kit for Anganwadi centers under the ICDS Scheme. MOWCD 2009

Government Circular--Minutes of a meeting convened by the MWCD in October 2009 to discuss the MOWCD 2009

100

Proposed IDA assisted ICDS-IV Project: meeting with the State Secretaries and Directors of eight states to discuss the project preparation and related issues

preparation of the project implementation plans (PIPs) and related issues under the

ICDS-IV Project.

Government Report-- Minutes of the first quarterly review meeting during 2009-10 for the monitoring of the ICDS Training Programme

Minutes of the first quarterly review meeting conducted by the MWCD in August

2009 to review the implementation of the ICDS Training Programme during 2008-

2009. MOWCD 2009

Government Report--Implementation Completion report of World Bank Assisted ICDS-III/WCD Project: Evaluation report by Govt. of India

A report published by the Government of India in 2006 evaluating Phase III of the

World Bank assisted Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Project. The

project was implemented in 1999 in the 5 states of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar

Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and envisaged strengthening and improvement in

service quality in existing blocks while introducing ICDS services in new blocks

especially those in disadvantaged rural areas, tribal areas and hard to reach areas.

MOWCD 2006

IBFAN Asia Position Statement on HIV and Infant Feeding

A position paper developed by IBFAN and BPNI in 2008 outlining their

recommendations on infant feeding and HIV. The recommendations are based on

latest research findings and protocols IBFAN / BPNI 2008

Improving Complementary Feeding Practices: A Review of Evidence from South Asia

A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in

2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions

regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)

interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of

USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,

Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document

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101

outlines the review on interventions for improving complementary feeding

practices in the community, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the

recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after

analysis of the interventions.

Improving Performance of Community-Level Health and Nutrition Functionaries: A Review of Evidence in India

A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in

2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions

regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)

interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of

USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,

Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document

outlines the review on interventions for improving the performance of community-

level health and nutrition functionaries (ANMs, AWWs, ASHAs), summarizes the

selected interventions, and shares the recommendations and evidence gaps

identified by a technical expert group after analysis of the interventions.

USAID 2008

India protects Breastfeeding An advocacy paper by BPNI summarizing the actions prohibited under the Infant

Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods (Regulation of Production,

Supply and Distribution) Amendment Act, 2003, also known as 'The IMS Act of

2003'.

BPNI 2005

India’s Undernourished Children: A call for reform and action

A discussion paper produced by the World Bank in 2005 which explores the

dimensions of child undernutrition in India, examines the effectiveness of the

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program in addressing it, and

discusses a number of actions that can be taken to bridge the gap between the

policy intentions of ICDS and its actual implementation.

Word Bank 2005

102

Infant feeding and HIV: A regional colloquium for the Asia Pacific

A report produced by BPNI/IBFAN summarizing the deliberations and outcomes of

the colloquium held in 2003 which was attended by agencies/experts from the

HIV/AIDS and infant feeding fields from 29 countries, to work on common strategies

and actions to ensure the survival of young children in the context of growing

HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Asia Pacific region.

BPNI / IBFAN 2003

Infant feeding in emergency situations: a report from the National Convention of BPNI

Report from the National Convention of BPNI held in 2005 on ‘Infant feeding in

Emergency situations’. It includes relevant background information, brief

proceedings of the scientific session held during the national convention on the

topic, views of several stakeholders, reports from the four states who faced natural

disasters, and recommendations from the scientific session as agreed by all

participants.

BPNI 2005

Introducing the new WHO child growth standards: Report of a Regional Workshop 2006

A report of the regional workshop held by WHO SEARO at Bangkok, Thailand in

2006 to orient the member countries to the new WHO Child Growth Standards,

identify challenges and opportunities in adapting the new standards based on the

existing growth monitoring practices, and formulate a draft framework for action

plans for adapting the new standards in individual countries.

WHO 2006

Making Gains in Nutrition and Health: Micronutrients Lead the Way

Developed by the USAID in 2000, this document advocates the importance of

micronutrients on child survival with particular emphasis on Vitamin A, Iron and

Iodine, briefly describes the epidemiology of their deficiency states, and suggests

actions/solutions for improving micronutrient health along with case studies from

different countries.

USAID 2000

Micronutrients, Health and Development: Evidence based Programs, the 2nd

Report of the 2nd International Meeting of the Micronutrient Forum held in Beijing,

China in May 2009. The theme of the conference was to discuss the current status Sight and Life 2009

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International Meeting of the Micronutrient Forum

of evidence-based micronutrient programs and different strategies on how to scale

them up.

Mother Support: Going for the Gold

Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2008, this brochure

gives information about the importance and actions required to support a

breastfeeding mother at the level of family, healthcare facility, workplace,

government/legislation, and in emergency or crisis.

BPNI 2008

Nutrition Essentials The fourth part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child

health and nutrition in India. This document describes the burden of malnutrition,

the importance of each nutrient with its sources and deficiency disorders, and

strategies to ensure adequate nutrition in pregnant women, lactating mothers,

newborn babies, young infants and children.

CARE

Relactation: A review of experience and recommendations for practice

A document published by the WHO in 1998 reviewing evidence regarding

relactation and restoration of breastfeeding, and informs the health workers about

how to assist women and children in need of such help. WHO 1998

Repositioning Nutrition as central to development: A strategy for large scale action

A report developed by the World Bank in 2006 summarizing the importance of

nutrition as an investment for development, the causes and impact of malnutrition,

the main interventions for improving nutrition along with identified areas of gap,

the challenges for scaling up programs for under nutrition and micronutrient

malnutrition, and proposes steps for future action.

World Bank 2006

Review Meeting with the States on IDA assisted ICDS-IV/Reform project

Minutes of the meeting held by the MWCD in April 2008 with the eight States

selected under the ICDS-IV/Reform Project to review the progress in the

preparation of the State Project Implementation Plans (SPIPs) and the District

MOWCD 2008

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Annual Plans (DAPs).

Severe malnutrition: Report of a consultation to review current literature

Report of a consultation organized by the WHO in 2004 with the objective to review

new evidence in relation to the WHO guidelines for infants aged less than 6 months

and make appropriate changes if required, assess the guidelines in relation to the

care of severely malnourished children with HIV/AIDS, and identify a research

agenda for inpatient care of such children.

WHO 2004

South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum 4: A report

Report of the South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum-4 held in New Delhi, India in

December 2007. The theme of the conference was ‘Save Babies: Support Women to

Breastfeed’. IBFAN 2007

South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum 5: A report

Report of the South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum-5 held in Thimphu, Bhutan

in October 2008. The theme of the conference was “Protecting, Promoting and

Supporting Breastfeeding: Assess, Analyse and Act” IBFAN 2008

Status of Infant and Young Child Feeding in 49 Districts of India

Report of the study conducted by BPNI in 2003 to evaluate infant and young child

feeding practices and behavior, and systematically monitor the implementation of

the IMS Act in the selected districts across 25 states of India. BPNI 2003

Status of infant and young child feeding in Uttarakhand

A quantitative study conducted by BPNI in 2006 to evaluate the status of infant and

young child feeding practices in Uttarkhand, to assess the barriers to optimal

feeding practices, and to investigate the knowledge and skills of health care

providers and support provided by them on infant feeding practices in hospitals.

BPNI 2006

Strengthening ICDS for reduction of child malnutrition

This report summarizes the presentations and the discussions at a national

consultation organized by the MWCD and the World Bank in May 2006 to review MOWCD 2006

105

the characteristics and impact of the ICDS Scheme, and invite suggestions on how

to introduce substantial changes in the program’s design and implementation in

order to transform it into an intervention that effectively addresses the principal

causes of malnutrition.

Tackling obesity in its infancy A technical publication from IBFAN and BPNI in 2006 summarizing the available

scientific evidence on the role of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing the risk of

childhood obesity. IBFAN / BPNI 2006

The IMS Act: Making it Known to People

An advocacy brochure on ‘The Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant

Foods Act 1992’ amended to ‘The IMS Act’ in 2003 to inform the readers about the

actions prohibited under the Act, and where to report in case of any violation of

rules by the food companies.

BPNI 2006

The Law To Protect, Promote And Support Breastfeeding

Published by BPNI this book attempts to explain in simple words the basic

provisions of the infant milk substitutes, feeding bottles and infant foods

(regulation of production, supply and distribution) amendment act. BPNI 2008

The State of Breastfeeding in 33 Countries: Tracking Infant and Young Child Feeding policies and programmes worldwide (NEW)

Published by BPNI/IBFAN-Asia in 2010, this report summarizes the assessment of

Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) policies and programmes carried out in 33

countries using the tool World Breastfeeding Trends Initiatives (WBTi). The tool

analyzes 10 areas of action of the Global Strategy for IYCF and documents 5 optimal

IYCF practices (as recommended by WHO) at the national level through

participatory approach, and helps each country to identify the gaps and build

consensus to bridge them.

IBFAN 2010

The State of the World’s Breastfeeding: South Asia

Prepared by IBFAN Asia in 2007, this consolidated report provides information on IBFAN 2007

106

Report the initiatives taken by the eight South Asian countries to implement the ‘Global

strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding’. It gives a detailed analysis of the

feeding practices, policies and programmes in these countries, along with

background information on the status of child malnutrition and child survival.

Thematic workshop on Information, Education & Communication (IEC) & dissemination of findings of Social Assessment Study

Proceedings of a workshop organized by the MWCD and the World Bank in 2008 to

orient key stakeholders from the eight states (included under the ICDS-IV/Reform

Project) on the concepts of IEC and BCC, provide inputs on various aspects of

planning, implementation and monitoring for the IEC component of the PIPs, and

share findings from the Social Assessment Study conducted as part of the project.

MOWCD 2008

Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding within 1st Hour of Birth

A publication from IBFAN in 2007 describing the available scientific evidence on the

benefits of timely initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, the

factors affecting mother’s decision to initiate breastfeeding, and the actions needed

to support her.

IBFAN 2007

World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative: India Report 2008

Prepared by Public Health Resource Network (PHRN) and BPNI in 2008, this report

evaluates the progress made by India on the ten indicators of policy and

programmes under the framework of action in the Global Strategy for Infant and

Young Child Feeding, using the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi) of

IBFAN Asia.

PHRN / BPNI 2008

World Breastfeeding Week 2009: Breastfeeding- A vital emergency response

Developed by the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA) on the eve of

World Breastfeeding Week 2009, this document briefly describes the importance of

breastfeeding during emergencies, the challenges to protect and support it, and the

actions that can be taken for preparedness and response.

WABA 2009

107

Trainings Behavior Change Communication for improved Infant Feeding: Training of Trainers for negotiating sustainable behavior change

Developed by LINKAGES in 2004, this module aims to train community health

workers in BCC skills to improve infant feeding, and train the trainers to deliver such

trainings. It includes a community training module for training Community Health

Workers in BCC skills and infant feeding knowledge, and a training of trainers (TOT)

module to be used in combination with the community module.

LINKAGES 2004

Breastfeeding Counseling: A training course (Trainer's Guide)

This manual is part of the Breastfeeding counseling course developed by the

WHO/UNICEF in 1993 for the health workers. The document provides detailed

instructions to the trainers on how to conduct each session of training. It includes

description of the teaching methods, exercises together with suggested answers,

practical guidelines, summary boxes, forms, lists, and the checklists.

WHO 1993

Breastfeeding Counseling: A training course (Director’s guide)

This guide is part of the Breastfeeding Counseling course developed by the

WHO/UNICEF in 1993 for the health workers. The document provides guidance to

the course directors on how to plan and conduct a training of health workers to

enable them develop clinical and interpersonal skills for supporting optimal

breastfeeding practices. It includes the course outline, instructions for necessary

preparations, and a description of the facilities, materials, and equipment needed.

WHO 1993

Breastfeeding Counseling: A training course (Participants' manual)

This manual is part of the Breastfeeding Counseling course developed by the

WHO/UNICEF in 1993 for the health workers. The document provides useful

information to the participants to enable them develop clinical and interpersonal

skills for supporting optimal breastfeeding practices. The information is given in the

form of practical guidelines, summary boxes, forms, lists and checklists.

WHO 1993

Formative research and TIPs training report: Linkages project

A report on a workshop conducted by CRS and LINKAGES in 2003 to enhance the

capacity of workers in facilitating formative research n project sites under the safe 2003

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motherhood and child survival program, so as to explore the factors influencing

infant, children and maternal feeding practices in their areas.

HIV and Infant feeding counseling tools: Reference guide

A reference guide developed in 2005 by WHO/UNICEF and USAID (as part of a

package of tools) to help health workers counsel HIV positive mothers on infant

feeding issues. The guide contains an overview of the other tools and the

counselling process, in addition to technical information on HIV and infant feeding

for the counselors

WHO / UNICEF

2005

WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 1)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

The first module gives introduction to the training course, and briefly explains the

content of other modules and their learning objectives.

WHO 2008

WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 2)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This second module of the series of 5 modules provides training on how to

recognize signs of malnutrition, how to measure and record weight and height, and

how to calculate different anthropometric indicators.

WHO 2008

WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 3)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

WHO 2008

109

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This third module of the series of 5 modules provides information on the use of

growth charts to identify normal growth for a given child, and how to interpret

different growth indicators.

WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 4)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This fourth module of the series of 5 modules provides information on how to

inform mother/carer about the results of growth assessment, how to interview

them to identify cause of malnutrition, and how to counsel them for appropriate

feeding practices.

WHO 2008

WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 5)

Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the

application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new

standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and

show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.

This last module is a photo-booklet with pictures of different forms of malnutrition.

WHO 2008

Scientific Articles

A systematic review of maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation and duration

Published in the journal BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth in 2007, this systematic

review of observational studies (except case studies and clinical papers) analyses

the relationship between maternal overweight/obesity, and breastfeeding

intention, initiation and duration of breastfeeding.

BioMed Central

2007

Algorithms for Converting This paper published in 2008 provides algorithms for converting estimates of child WHO 2008

110

Estimates of Child Malnutrition Based on the NCHS Reference into Estimates Based on the WHO Child Growth Standards

malnutrition based on the NCHS reference into estimates based on the new WHO

growth standards. Developed using simple linear regression analysis, the algorithms

are aimed to help assist reanalysis of older data with the WHO Standards and make

it comparable.

Breastfeeding knowledge and practices amongst mothers in a rural population of north India: a community-based study

Published in the Journal of Tropical Pediatrics in 2008, this observational study

carried out in rural population of Haryana aims to identify the different

patterns/practices of breastfeeding among mothers of infants aged 0-6 months,

assess their breastfeeding knowledge, and identify various variables influencing the

practices and the knowledge.

Journal of Indian

Pediatrics 2008

Comparison of Ready-to-Use therapeutic food with cereal legume-based Khichri among malnourished children

Published in 2009 in the Journal of Indian Pediatrics, this preliminary trial with

cross-over design conducted in urban middle to low socioeconomic neighborhoods

of Delhi compares the acceptability and energy intake of ready-to-use therapeutic

food (RUTF) with cereal legume-based khichri among children in the age group of 6

to 36 months.

Journal of Indian

Pediatrics 2009

Comparison of the WHO Child Growth Standards and the CDC 2000 Growth Charts

Published in 2007, this article compares the WHO and CDC child growth curves for

weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and

BMI, and evaluate the growth performance of healthy breast-fed infants according

to the two standards.

WHO / CDC 2007

Comparison of the World

Health Organization (WHO)

Child Growth Standards and

the National Center for

Health Statistics/WHO

Published by the journal Public Health Nutrition in 2006, this article compares the

growth patterns and malnutrition estimates based on the new WHO Child Growth

Standards and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO international

growth reference, and discuss implications for child health programmes. It includes

secondary analysis of longitudinal data for comparing growth patterns and data

WHO 2006

111

international growth

reference: implications for

child health programmes

from cross-sectional surveys for comparing malnutrition estimates among children

under 5 years.

Developmental readiness of

normal full-term infants to

progress from exclusive

breastfeeding to the

introduction of

complementary foods

Developed by the LINKAGES project of USAID in 2001, this document describes the

literature reviews undertaken to provide evidence for the best age (4 to 6 months

or 6 months) of introducing complementary foods into the diet of a breastfed

human infant. The reviews do not focus on health outcomes associated with

discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding at a particular age, but rather on the

biologic/developmental readiness in terms of four functions: gastrointestinal,

immunologic, oral motor and maternal reproductive processes related to

continuation of breast milk.

LINKAGES 2001

Field-testing the WHO Child

Growth Standards in Four

Countries

Published in 2007, this article presents the results of a field testing multinational

study conducted to evaluate the validity of the WHO growth standards against

clinician assessments of children’s attained linear growth and size. WHO 2007

Growth of Healthy Infants

and the Timing, Type, and

Frequency of Complementary

Foods

Published in 2002, this article analyzes data from a WHO multinational longitudinal

study to explore the associations between the timing of introduction of

complementary foods, the types of foods, and the frequency of both breast-feeding

and complementary foods on the growth pattern in breast-fed infants particularly

between 4 and 6 months of age.

WHO 2002

Impact of an integrated

nutrition and health

programme on neonatal

mortality in rural northern

Published in the Bulletin of World Health Organization in 2008, this study evaluates

the impact of a community-based package of maternal and newborn interventions

facilitated by a non-governmental organization and implemented at scale using the

existing government infrastructure through an integrated nutrition and health

WHO 2008

112

India programme. The evaluation conducted in two rural districts of Uttar Pradesh, looks

primarily at reduction in neonatal mortality.

Interventions for promoting

the initiation of breastfeeding

Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2005 and updated in 2008, the

objectives of this systematic review of RCTs were to identify and describe health

promotion activities which aim to encourage women to breastfeed, to evaluate and

compare the effectiveness of different types of such activities in terms of changes in

the number of women who initiate breastfeeding, and to report any other

beneficial or adverse effects.

Cochrane Library

Lipid profile of term infants

on exclusive breastfeeding

and mixed feeding: A

comparative study

A prospective comparative study conducted in a tertiary care hospital comparing

the lipid profiles of exclusively breastfed and mixed-fed term healthy infants in the

first 6 months of life.

Europeon Journal of

Clinical Nutrition

2007

Maternal and Child

Undernutrition 1: Global and

regional exposures and

health consequences

This is the first article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and Child

Undernutrition. This article estimates the magnitude of maternal and child

undernutrition and its short-term consequences in terms of child mortality and

disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).

LANCET 2008

Maternal and Child

Undernutrition 2:

Consequences for adult

health and human capital

The second article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and Child

Undernutrition reviews the evidence for long-term consequences of undernutrition

in terms of impact on adult human capital (height, school achievement, economic

productivity, birthweight of the offspring) and the risk of long-term/chronic disease

in adults.

LANCET 2008

Maternal and Child This is the third article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and LANCET 2008

113

Undernutrition 3: What

works? Interventions for

maternal and child

undernutrition and survival

Child Undernutrition. It summarizes the evidence about interventions with proven

effectiveness in reducing undernutrion and nutrition-related outcomes, assesses

their applicability in low and middle income countries, and estimates the potential

benefit of implementing these effective interventions.

Maternal and Child

Undernutrition 4: Effective

action at National level

This is the fourth article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and

Child Undernutrition. This article reviews evidence from systematic reviews and

best practice reports to evaluate measures taken to reduce undernutrition in

countries with the highest burden, identifies seven key challenges for addressing

the problem at the national level, and describes the strategies to overcome these

challenges.

LANCET 2008

Optimal duration of exclusive

breastfeeding

Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 and updated in 2006, this

systematic review of controlled trials and observational studies assesses the effects

of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months versus exclusive breastfeeding for 3-4

months with mixed breastfeeding thereafter through six months, on child’s health,

growth and development, and on maternal health.

Cochrane Library

2002

The optimal duration of

Exclusive Breastfeeding: A

systematic review

A systematic review published by the WHO in 2002 to assess the effect of exclusive

breastfeeding for 6 months vs exclusive breastfeeding for 3–4 months with mixed

breastfeeding (introduction of complementary liquid or solid foods with continued

breastfeeding) thereafter through 6 months, on child health, growth, and

development.

WHO 2002

Use of new World Health

Organization child growth

standards to assess how

Published in the Bulletin of World Health Organization in 2010, this study compares

the prevalence of malnutrition using the WHO’s child growth standards versus the

National Center for Health Statistics growth reference by secondary analysis of a

WHO 2010

114

infant malnutrition relates to

breastfeeding and mortality

large dataset obtained from a multi-country RCT conducted in Ghana, Peru and

India. It also examines the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and

malnutrition, and determines the diagnostic accuracy of nutritional status indicators

for predicting infant deaths.

Statistical Information

Fact Sheet All States

This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators

and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and

TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS

Bulletins and from Census 2001.

NHSRC

Nutrition in India: National

Family Health Survey (NFHS

3) India 2005-06

This report produced by the International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) in

2009 provides evidence of the poor nutritional status of young children, women,

and men in India, and the lack of improvement in their status over time. The

findings of this report are based on the data from NFHS 3.

IIPS 2009

Tracking Progress in

Maternal, Newborn and Child

Survival: India 2008 Report

The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the

progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn

Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based

on the latest data from the country.

2008

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TOPIC: DISEASES – Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI)

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Scientific Articles

Comparative impact

assessment of child

pneumonia interventions

Using country-specific pneumonia burden estimates and the costs of intervention

provided by the WHO, this article compares the cost-effectiveness of various

interventions to reduce pneumonia mortality in children less than 5 years through

risk reduction, immunization and case management.

WHO 2009

Factors determining the

outcome of children

hospitalized with severe

pneumonia

A case-control study conducted to identify factors influencing both mortality and

morbidity among children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with severe

pneumonia (as defined by WHO) using a standard protocol for case management. BioMedCentral 2009

Technical Publication

Pneumonia: The forgotten

killer of children

Prepared by WHO/UNICEF in 2006, this report examines the epidemiological

evidence on the burden and distribution of pneumonia in children, assesses the

current levels and trends in knowledge, treatment and prevention, and suggests

actions with cost estimation for reducing child mortality due to pneumonia.

UNICEF 2006

Standardization of

interpretation of chest

radiographs for the diagnosis

of pneumonia in children

Developed by an international working group for the WHO in 2001, this document

describes the process of standardizing the radiological diagnosis of pneumonia in

children. The objective is to standardize collection of comparable data when

measuring pneumonia disease burden or estimating the impact of various

interventions in reducing the burden of pneumonia. It also describes an elaborate

WHO 2001

116

process for digitizing chest radiographs.

TOPIC: DISEASES -- Diarrhoea

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policies, Programs and Guidelines

Clinical management of acute

diarrhoea

A joint statement issued by the WHO/UNICEF in 2004 advocating two evidence-

based strategies for the management of acute diarrhoea – low osmolarity oral

rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc supplementation. This document also recommends

various actions to be taken at the level of mothers/caregivers, health workers,

countries, and WHO/UNICEF/other partners for the management of acute

diarrhoea.

WHO / UNICEF

2004

Generic protocols for (i)

hospital-based surveillance to

estimate the burden of

rotavirus gastroenteritis in

children, and (ii) a

community-based survey on

utilization of healthcare

services for gastroenteritis in

children

These two protocols have been developed by the WHO in 2002 to provide guidance

for hospital based surveillance of paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis, and how to

conduct survey on utilization of healthcare services for paediatric gastroenteritis at

the community level. Both protocols provide information on the main procedures

and suggested forms for data collection.

WHO 2002

Government Policy -- Use of

Zinc as an Alternate Therapy A government circular issued in November 2006 by the Child Health division of the

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare regarding the new policy of administering MoHFW 2006

117

in the Treatment of Diarrhoea

Zinc in the national programme as an adjunct to ORS in the management of

diarrhoea in children older than 2 months. An attached note also describes the

minutes of an expert committee meeting (held in January 2006) that discussed the

role of Zinc and recommended its usage as an adjunct therapy.

The treatment of diarrhoea: a

manual for physician and

other senior health workers

Published by the WHO in 2005, this manual for physicians and other senior health

workers describes the principles and practices of treating infectious diarrhea

(including cholera and dysentery), especially in young children. It includes revised

guidelines for the management of acute diarrhea in children including the use of

low osmolarity ORS formulation and zinc supplementation.

WHO 2005

Scientific Articles

Cost effectiveness of Zinc as

Adjunct Therapy for Acute

Childhood Diarrhea in

Developing Countries

This article published in the Bulletin of the WHO in 2004 analyzes the incremental

costs, effects and cost-effectiveness of zinc used as adjunct therapy to standard

treatment of acute childhood diarrhea with ORS. With United Republic of Tanzania

as the reference settings, a decision tree was used to model the expected costs and

the expected clinical outcomes.

WHO 2004

Directing Diarrhoeal disease

research towards disease

burden reduction

Published in the Journal of Health and Population Nutrition in 2009, this article

describes the process of priority setting of research options to address the burden

of childhood diarrhoeal diseases. The systematic strategy developed by the Child

Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) was used for the priority-setting

exercise.

Journal of Health and Population Nutrition

2009

Effect of Zinc

Supplementation Started

during Diarrhea on Morbidity

and Mortality in Bangladeshi

Published in the British Medical Journal in 2002, this article describes a prospective,

cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in Bangladesh to evaluate the effect

of providing daily zinc for 14 days (in addition to oral rehydration therapy) on the

British Medical Journal

2002

118

Children: Community

Randomised Trial

morbidity and mortality in children aged 3-47 months with diarrhea.

Hand washing for preventing

diarrhoea

Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2008, this systematic review of RCTs

(including cluster randomized trials) evaluates the effects of interventions to

promote hand washing on the episodes of diarrhoea in children and adults.

Cochrane Library

2008

Oral rehydration versus

intravenous therapy for

treating dehydration due to

gastroenteritis in children: A

meta-analysis of randomised

controlled trials

This systematic review of RCTs published in 2004 in the journal BMC Medicine

compares the effectiveness and safety of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) with

Intravenous Therapy (IVT) for the treatment of dehydration secondary to acute

gastroenteritis in children. The review updates and expands on an earlier systematic

review by including evidence from all studies irrespective of the language of

publication and the income status of countries.

BMC Medicine

2004

Oral zinc for treating

diarrhoea in children

This systematic review of RCTs published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2008

evaluates the effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation compared to placebo in

the treatment of acute or persistent diarrhoea (including dysentery) in children

aged between 1 month and 5 years.

Cochrane Library

2008

Recent diarrheal illness and

risk of lower respiratory

infections in children under

the age of 5 years

An article analyzing time-to-event data of two large child studies from Brazil and

Ghana to explore if the presence of diarrhea increases the risk of ALRI among

children in low income settings.

International Journal of

Epidemiology 2009

Reduced osmolarity oral

rehydration solution for

treating dehydration caused

by acute diarrhoea in children

Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 with a reprint in 2009, this

systematic review of RCTs compares the effectiveness of the reduced osmolarity

Oral Rehydration Salt solution (total osmolarity 250 mmol/L or less with reduced

sodium) with the WHO recommended ORS solution for the treatment of acute

Cochrane Library

2002

119

diarrhoea in children.

The effect of oral rehydration

solution and recommended

home fluids on diarrhoea

mortality

This systematic review (of both clinical and community-based studies) published in

the International Journal of Epidemiology in 2010 assesses the effectiveness of ORS

and the Recommended Home Fluids (RHF) on diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in

children aged less than 5 years. The effectiveness estimates were then correlated

with achieved coverage levels to estimate the effect of each intervention on

diarrhoea-specific mortality.

International Journal of

Epidemiology 2010

Therapeutic Effects of Oral

Zinc in Acute and Persistent

Diarrhea in Children in

Developing Countries: Pooled

Analysis of Randomized

Controlled Trials

Published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2000, this article pools the

results of all the published and unpublished randomized controlled trials of the

effects of supplementary oral zinc in children aged less than 5 years with acute or

persistent diarrhea, and explores the effect of giving supplemental zinc given along

with oral rehydration therapy during recovery in children.

AJCN 2000

Zinc and Copper

Supplementation in Acute

Diarrhea in Children: A

Double-blind Randomized

Controlled Trial

A double blind RCT conducted to evaluate the efficacy of zinc and copper

supplementation when given with standard treatment to children (6-59 months)

with acute watery or bloody diarrhea.

BioMedCentral Medicine

2009

Zinc for the treatment of

diarrhea: Effect on diarrhoea

morbidity mortality and

incidence of future episodes

A systematic review published in the International Journal of Epidemiology in 2010

examines the effectiveness of zinc given as a treatment/therapy of diarrhoea in

children for reducing diarrhea specific mortality and subsequent pneumonia

mortality. The review was limited to RCT’s conducted in low and middle income

countries.

International Journal of

Epidemiology 2010

120

Technical Publication

An Integrated Approach to

Confronting Diarrheal Disease

A fact sheet published by PATH in 2008 emphasizing for renewal of global and

national level commitment to reduce under-5 child mortality due to diarrheal

diseases. The document advocates for tapping existing low cost solutions and using

an integrated approach for the treatment and prevention of diarrheal diseases.

PATH 2008

Diarrheal Disease Advocacy:

Findings from a Scan of the

Global Funding and Policy

Landscape

Commissioned by PATH in 2008, this document reviews the global policy

environment, funding landscape and best practices in diarrheal disease advocacy to

identify the gaps in this subject and suggests repositioning diarrhea as central to

child survival for attaining the MDG 4.

PATH 2008

Diarrheal disease: Solutions to defeat a global killer

A document by PATH with focus on reducing diarrheal deaths among children

through low cost life saving initiatives and citing experiences and models from

around the world that have been successful in this endeavor. PATH

Diarrhoea: Why children are

still dying and what can be

done

This report published by the WHO/UNICEF in 2009 examines the latest available

data on the global burden and distribution of childhood diarrhea, analyses the

progress of countries in reducing its burden, and sets out a 7-point strategy for

comprehensive diarrhoea control that includes a treatment package to reduce child

deaths, and a prevention package to reduce the number of cases for years to come.

WHO 2009

Pediatric Zinc as treatment

for diarrhea

An information brochure developed by USAID informing about the research and

development activities regarding current recommendation of using zinc

supplementation during diarrhea in children. USAID

Rational use of antibiotics for

pneumonia

A white paper published in 2009 by India Clen Task Force with support from USAID’s

MCH-STAR initiative advocating for rational use of antibiotics in the treatment of

community acquired pneumonia in children less than 5 years of age after

Indian Clen Task Force

2009

121

appropriate needs assessment and selection. The recommendations were based on

the existing published evidence.

Trainings Diarrhoea treatment

guidelines: including new

recommendations for the use

of ORS and Zinc

supplementation for clinic-

based healthcare worker

A generic guide published by USAID and its partners in 2005 to train/guide the

clinic-based health workers for the promotion and implementation of the improved

strategy for clinical management of diarrhea, including the low osmolarity ORS and

Zinc supplementation.

HETV – Health

Education to Villagers

2005

Guidelines for New Diarrhea

Treatment Protocols for

Community- Based

Healthcare Workers

A generic guide developed by USAID and its partners in 2005 to train and guide

community health workers regarding the use of new and improved ORS along with

Zinc supplementation for the treatment of diarrhea in children. In addition this

document will also provide information on when to refer children with severe

diarrhea and dehydration.

USAID 2005

Guidelines for the

Management of Acute

Diarrhea

This guideline has been developed by CDC in 2008 to inform healthcare providers

regarding the assessment, principles of treatment and specific treatment of

patients (including children) presenting with acute diarrhea in post-disaster

situations.

CDC 2008

122

TOPIC: DISEASES – HIV/AIDS

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policies, Programs and Guidelines

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for HIV care and

treatment in children

Developed in 2006 by NACO and IAP with support from Clinton foundation, UNICEF

and WHO, this manual provides guidance to pediatricians prescribing ART as well as

the team in the ART centers on the practical issues regarding care and treatment of

HIV in infants and children. It also covers the management of opportunistic

infections associated with HIV.

NACO 2006

Government Policy -- Policy

framework for children and

AIDS: India

Developed by the MoWCD and NACO in 2007, this document provides a rights-

based policy framework for government departments working for the welfare of

children to collaborate and establish a mechanism to coordinate the efforts of

different stakeholders working to reduce the medical and socioeconomic impact of

HIV in children.

MoWCD / NACO

2007

Management of HIV Infection

and Antiretroviral Therapy in

Infants and Children: A

Clinical Manual

Developed by the WHO SEARO and UNICEF ROSA, this manual provides guideline to

health care providers, program managers and planners on the appropriate and

rational use of anti-retroviral therapy in infants and children in resource limited

settings of South and South-East Asia.

WHO / UNICEF

2006

The Framework: for the

protection, care and support Developed by a group of multi-sectoral stakeholders in 2004, this framework

provides a common agenda to senior leaders and decision makers around the world UNICEF 2004

123

of orphans and vulnerable

children living in a world with

HIV and AIDS

to enable them influence policies, programs and resources for the benefit of

orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV and AIDS. Its key strategies include

capacity strengthening of affected families, mobilizing and supporting community-

based responses, ensuring access to essential services for these children, improving

policy and legislation, and raising awareness at all levels through advocacy and

social mobilization.

Technical Publication

A parrot on your shoulder: a

guide for people starting to

work with orphans and

vulnerable children

A briefing note developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2004 to assist

stakeholders working with orphans and other vulnerable children in engaging these

children in a more meaningful dialogue through their active participation.

International HIV/AIDS Alliance

2004

Barriers to services for

children with HIV Positive

parents

National overview of a qualitative study conducted in six high HIV prevalent states

of the country in 2006-7 coordinated by UNICEF, NACO and the Ministry of Women

and Child Development. This study evaluated the barriers to utilization of health

services and the benefits by children of HIV positive parents, and outlines the steps

that can be taken to overcome these barriers.

UNICEF 2007

Challenging assumptions:

Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS

An advocacy document developed by PATH discussing the benefits of breastfeeding

in light of the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. Recommendations include

increasing adoption of World Health Organization guidelines on infant feeding and

HIV, and extending advice and support to HIV positive lactating mothers during the

first two years of life.

PATH 2008

Growing up together:

Experiences of care and

support for children affected

A report developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance based on a thematic

workshop held in 2002, which explains the right-based approach to working with

children affected and infected with HIV/AIDS through their active participation,

AIDS - Alliance

2002

124

by HIV/AIDS in India

discusses the impact of the disease on children at different age groups (0-5, 6-12

and 13-18 years) and their needs, describes some successful field experiences and

case studies, and proposes a policy agenda for further action.

HIV/AIDS: Implications for

child health and nutrition

The last part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child

health and nutrition in India. This document describes the burden of HIV/AIDS in

children, the maternal to child transmission process and ways to prevent it, the

recommended method of feeding and the drugs for treatment.

CARE

Prevention of Mother-To-

Child Transmission of HIV in

Asia: Practical Guidance for

Programs

Published in 2002 by the LINKAGES project with support from USAID, this document

reviews the mechanisms, timing, and risk factors for Mother-to-Child Transmission

(MTCT) of HIV/AIDS, discusses the issues around the diagnosis and treatment of

pediatric AIDS, and describes programmatic issues and experience with the five

core interventions to prevent MTCT.

LINKAGES / USAID

2002

Safeguarding investment in

PMTCT Programs by

incorporating Essential

Newborn Care

Published in 2004 by the LINKAGES project with support from USAID, this document

advocates for integration of Essential Newborn Care into the Prevention of Mother-

to-Child Transmission programs for developing a comprehensive strategy to prevent

HIV infection in infants and children.

LINKAGES / USAID

2004

Supporting community action

on AIDS in developing

countries: Care and

psychosocial support

A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006

focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and

community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This

particular series provides information on the emotional and psychosocial needs of

children suffering from HIV/AIDS and how these can be supported.

International HIV/AIDS Alliance

2006

Supporting community action

on AIDS in developing A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006 International

HIV/AIDS 2006

125

countries: Education

focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and

community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This

particular series provides information on how HIV/AIDS affects children’s education

and how programs can support their education and training.

Alliance

Supporting community action

on AIDS in developing

countries: Health and

nutrition

A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006

focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and

community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This

particular series provides information on the special health and nutrition needs of

children living with HIV/AIDS and the various strategies to address them.

International HIV/AIDS Alliance

2006

Supporting community action

on AIDS in developing

countries: Livelihoods and

economic strengthening

A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006

focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and

community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This

particular series provides an overview of the impact of HIV/AIDS on increasing the

poverty of families and their children, and the different measures which can be

taken to alleviate them.

International HIV/AIDS Alliance

2006

Supporting community action

on AIDS in developing

countries: Overview

A series of booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006

focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and

community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This

document provides an overview of all the 6 booklets covered in the series including

their principles and strategies.

International HIV/AIDS Alliance

2006

Supporting community action

on AIDS in developing

countries: Protection

A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006

focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and

community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This

International HIV/AIDS Alliance

2006

126

particular series provides information on different strategies which are needed at

the program level to improve protection of children suffering from HIV/AIDS.

Supporting community action

on AIDS in developing

countries: Social inclusion

A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006

focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and

community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This

particular series provides information on how HIV/AIDS-related stigma and

discrimination impacts on children and the different strategies to overcome it.

International HIV/AIDS Alliance

2006

Trainings HIV and Infant feeding

counseling tools: Reference

guide

A reference guide developed in 2005 by WHO/UNICEF and USAID (as part of a

package of tools) to help health workers counsel HIV positive mothers on infant

feeding issues. The guide contains an overview of the other tools and the

counselling process, in addition to technical information on HIV and infant feeding

for the counselors.

WHO / UNICEF

2005

TOPIC: DISEASES – IMNCI

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policies, Programs and Guidelines

Government Guidelines --

Operational guidelines for

implementation of Integrated

Management of Neonatal and

Childhood Illness (IMNCI)

Developed by the MOHFW to uniformly implement the IMNCI programme

nationwide as a part of NRHM/RCH-II, this guideline provide complete information

about the IMNCI package and its components, the institutional arrangements for its

implementation at the national, state and district level, the training needs and the

funding arrangements for the training.

MoHFW

127

IMNCI Students Handbook

Developed by the MOHFW and WHO India, this Handbook for students describes

the rationale for evidence-based syndromic approach of IMNCI, its components and

principles, and the outpatient and hospital management of children less than 5

years of age including their assessment, referral, counselling, treatment and follow-

up.

MoHFW - IMNCI

2003

Scientific Articles

How Much Does Quality of

Child Care Vary Between

Health Workers with Differing

Durations of Training? An

Observational Multicountry

Study

This multi-country observational study compares the clinical performance of health

workers with longer duration of pre-service IMCI training and shorter duration of

IMCI training. The performance was compared on the assessment, classification and

the management of sick children according to IMCI guidelines.

LANCET 2008

Trainings Government Training-- F-

IMNCI Participant’s Manual

(Module 1 - 3) (REVISED)

Facility-based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (F-IMNCI)

is the integration of facility-based care package with the IMNCI package which has

been developed to train health workers in managing newborn and childhood

illnesses at the facility level/inpatient care (in addition to the community

level/outpatient care).These modules are developed by the MoHFW in

collaboration with WHO and UNICEF in 2009

Module 1: It describes the process of rapid screening of a sick child including

immediate emergency treatment where required.

Module 2: It includes care of newborn baby at birth and in the postnatal ward,

management of sick newborn baby and LBW baby, and the principles of

transporting sick babies who require referral.

MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF

2009

128

Module 3: It provides guidance on the management of children aged 2 months to 5

years presenting with cough or breathing difficulty, diarrhoea, fever, severe

anaemia and severe acute malnutrition.

Government Training--

Facility Based IMNCI (F-

IMNCI): Facilitators Guide

(NEW)

Facility-based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (F-IMNCI)

is the integration of facility-based care package with the IMNCI package which has

been developed to train health workers in managing newborn and childhood

illnesses at the facility level/inpatient care (in addition to the community

level/outpatient care). It was developed by the MoHFW in collaboration with WHO

and UNICEF in 2009. This facilitator’s guide provides guidelines to the trainers on

how to train health workers on the assessment, classification, treatment, referral,

counseling of mothers, and follow-up of sick newborns and sick young children.

MoHFW 2009

Government Training-- IMNCI

Facilitator Guide – I (Sick

Young Infant age upto 2

months)

Published by the MoHFW with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this First

part of the Facilitator’s guide provides guidelines to the trainers on how to train

health workers on the assessment, classification, treatment, referral, counseling of

mothers, and follow-up of sick young infants upto 2 months of age at the

community level/outpatient care, under the strategy of Integrated Management of

Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI).

MoHFW 2009

Government Training-- IMNCI

Facilitator Guide – II (Sick

Child age 2 months upto 5

years)

Published by the MoHFW with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this Second

part of the Facilitator’s guide provides guidelines to the trainers on how to train

health workers on the assessment, classification, treatment, referral, counseling of

mothers and follow-up of sick children aged 2 months to 5 years at the community

level/outpatient care, under the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal

and Childhood Illness (IMNCI).

MoHFW 2009

129

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

1): Introduction

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

module is the first in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). It gives information about the rationale for using syndromic

approach for case management under IMNCI, the principles and components of

integrated care, the complete process of case management, and the purpose of the

training.

NCHRC 2003

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

2): Assess and Classify the

Sick Young Infant Age upto 2

Months

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

module is the second in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). It gives information on how to assess and classify young infants till 2

months of age for possible bacterial infections, jaundice and diarrhoea, how to

assess malnutrition and feeding problems, and the importance and assessment of

breastfeeding and immunization status.

NCHRC 2003

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

3): Identify Treatment for the

Sick Young Infant

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

module is the third in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). It provides information on how to identify treatment for a sick

infant till 2 months of age based upon assessment and classification of the

condition, to determine if urgent referrals are required, and if so, then what

appropriate pre-referral treatments should be given.

NCHRC 2003

130

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

4): Treat the Young Infant and

Counsel the Mother

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

module is the fourth in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). It gives information on how to select appropriate oral drugs and

dosages for a sick infant till 2 months of age, how to teach the mother to continue

giving treatment at home including counseling skills, and how to treat local

infections and promote breastfeeding.

NCHRC 2003

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

5): Assess and Classify the

Sick Child Age 2 Months up to

5 Years

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

is the fifth module in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). This module gives information on the assessment and classification

of cough or breathing difficulty, diarrhoea, fever, measles and ear problem in

children aged 2 months to 5 years, and how to check for malnutrition, anemia,

immunization status, and prophylactic Vitamin A & iron folic acid supplementation

status.

NCHRC 2003

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

6): Identify Treatment for the

Sick Child

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

is the sixth module in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). It provides information on how to identify treatment for a sick child

aged 2 months to 5 years based upon assessment and classification of the

condition, to determine if urgent referrals are required, and if so, then what

appropriate pre-referral treatments should be given.

NCHRC 2003

131

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

7): Treat the Child

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

is the seventh module in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). This module provides information on how to select appropriate oral

drugs and dosages for the treatment of specific conditions in a sick child aged 2

months to 5 years, how to teach the mother to continue giving treatment at home,

and how to treat local infections and to treat severe conditions where referral not

possible.

NCHRC 2003

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

8): Counsel the Mother

Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

is the eighth module in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). It provides information on how to assess and identify feeding

problems in a sick child aged 2 months to 5 year, how to advice and counsel mother

about feeding and increasing fluids during illness, and when to come back for

follow-up.

NCHRC 2003

Government Training-- IMNCI

Participant’s Manual (Module

9): Follow-up

Published by the MoHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this

is the last module in the series of nine modules developed for training health

workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood

Illness (IMNCI). This module provides information on the management of follow-up

visit of a sick child aged 2 months to 5 years, and further assessment and treatment.

NCHRC 2003

Government Training-- IMNCI

Photo-booklet

Developed by MoHFW, WHO and UNICEF, this Photo-booklet for Physicians

contains 86 photographs of different conditions/diseases which act as an important

tool for facilitating training and skill upgradation of health professionals regarding

MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF

2003

132

case management of sick children under IMNCI.

Government Training-- IMNCI

Physician Chart Booklet

A chart booklet designed by MOHFW India and WHO/UNICEF to help the physicians

in identification, assessment, diagnosis/classification and treatment of sick children

upto 5 yrs of age, and to give them information on mother counseling and follow-up

care.

MoHFW 2003

Government Training--

IMNCI: Facilitators guide for

follow up visit

Prepared by the MOHFW, WHO and UNICEF, this guide provides information

regarding the methods and processes for undertaking training of IMNCI supervisors

who have to conduct follow-up visits (after training of health workers) to ensure

effective implementation of the IMNCI program.

MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF

Government Training--

IMNCI: Supervisor module for

follow-up visit

Prepared by the MOHFW, WHO and UNICEF, this guide provides an overview of the

schedule and activities for follow-up visit of the supervisor following IMNCI training

of health workers. The purpose of the follow-up visit is to reinforce the IMNCI skills,

supervise working of health worker and help in solving their problems, strengthen

logistic support, and improve record keeping and information system.

MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF

Government Training--

Teacher's Guide for IMNCI

training of students

These guidelines for teachers training medical students in IMNCI focuses on the

outpatient management of common causes of neonatal and child mortality and can

be used in Primary Health Care setting. It describes the teaching methods, course

structure and schedule, the list of instructional materials and supplies, daily

activities, the process of monitoring clinical sessions and methods for assessing

students.

MoHFW 2009

133

Management of Neonatal and

Childhood illness in disasters:

Training module for Health

Workers

Adapted from IMNCI and prepared by the IAP Disaster management group with

support from WHO India, this manual describe the steps to be followed by a health

worker in the management of a sick child up to 5 years of age in health camps or in

the community during disasters.

WHO / IAP 2005

TOPIC: DISEASES – Malaria

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policies, Programs and Guidelines

Government Guidelines --

Action plan for scaling up

Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

(LLIN) for malaria control in

India

Published by the MOHFW in 2009, this document details the planning,

procurement, distribution process, quality control checks and monitoring and

evaluation of the strategy of scaling up of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN). It is

one of the key strategies under the National Vector Borne Disease Control

Programme (NVBDCP) towards control of malaria in India.

MoHFW 2009

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for ITNS and LLINS

Developed by the GOI under the National Vector Borne Disease Control

Programme, this document provides guidance on the usage, storage and transport

of the Insecticide Treated Bed nets (ITNs) or Long Lasting Impregnated Bednets

(LLINs) for better and effective protection against mosquitoes and other insects like

cockroaches, bedbugs, houseflies, fleas, etc.

National Vector Borne

Disease Control

Programme (NVBDCP)

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for clinical Developed by the MOHFW under the NVBDCP, this document provides guidance to MoHFW 2008

134

management of Dengue

Fever, Dengue Haemorrhagic

Fever and Dengue Shock

Syndrome

physicians regarding the process for diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory) and

clinical management of Dengue Fever, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue

Shock Syndrome.

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for containment of

Chikungunya and Dengue

epidemic outbreaks

Developed by MOHFW under the NVBDCP, this document provides information on

actions that need to be taken at the community level and by the local authorities to

control an epidemic Chikungunya and/or Dengue. It also describes the diagnosis,

treatment and surveillance of the disease.

MoHFW

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for diagnosis and

treatment of Malaria in India

Developed by the MOHFW with the collaborative effort of the NVBDCP and the

National Institute of Malaria Research in 2009, this manual for medical

professionals gives guidance on the current methods of diagnosis and treatment of

uncomplicated malaria, and the specific antimalarials for severe malaria based on

the national drug policy of 2008.

MoHFW 2009

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for establishing

sentinel surveillance hospitals

and management of severe

malaria cases

Developed by the MOHFW in 2009 under the NVBDCP, this policy has been

formulated for developing hospitals in high malaria endemic districts into sentinel

surveillance hospitals to obtain information on details of severe malaria cases and

their pattern. It also provides information on the clinical features of severe malaria,

its treatment and management of complications.

MoHFW 2009

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines on the use of

larvivorous fish for vector

control

This guideline has been prepared by the GOI under the National Vector Borne

Disease Control Programme to guide the states in the use of larvivorous fish for

vector control.

National Vector Borne

Disease Control

Programme (NVBDCP)

135

Operational manual for

implementation of Malaria

Programme 2009

Developed by GOI in 2008 under the National Vector Borne Disease Control

Programme, this operational manual brings out guidelines for planning,

implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the malaria control programme at

the district level. It also provides the norms for malaria control activities in India

along with specific action that is required to be taken in high malaria burden

districts.

National Vector Borne

Disease Control

Programme (NVBDCP)

2008

TOPIC: DISEASES – Measles

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Scientific Articles

Vitamin A for treating

measles in children

Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2005 and updated in 2009, this

systematic review of RCTs determines the evidence whether oral Vitamin A is

beneficial in preventing mortality, pneumonia and other secondary infections in

children under the age of 15 years with measles.

Cochrane Library

2005

136

TOPIC: GENERAL INFORMATION

Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year

Policies, Programs and Guidelines

Advocacy Tools and

Guidelines: Promoting Policy

Change

Prepared by CARE in 2001, this manual is designed to familiarize program managers

with key advocacy concepts and techniques, and suggests a framework to help

them identify policy goals, create a plan of action, and build their case for

influencing policy change.

CARE 2001

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for Department of

Family Welfare Supported

NGO Schemes

Developed by the MOHFW in 2003, this document contains guidelines of ‘The

Mother NGO (MNGO) Scheme’ and ‘The Service NGO (SNGO) Scheme’ run by the

Department of Family Welfare, and gives the indicative service delivery guidance

for different RCH components along with illustrative formats and checklists that can

be used under the two schemes.

MoHFW 2003

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for

Operationalising First Referral

Units

Developed by the MOHFW in 2004, this document provides guidance to the States

in planning for operationalising the FRUs for strengthening emergency obstetric and

child health care, and help them to determine the type and quantum of assistance

required while planning implementation of RCH-II.

MoHFW 2004

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for

Operationalising a Primary

Health Centre for Providing

24-Hour Delivery and

Newborn Care under RCH-II

Developed by MOHFW in 2005, this document provides guidance to states to select

PHCs for providing 24 hour services and operationalization of 50% of the PHCs and

all the CHCs as 24-hour delivery and newborn care services PHCs to increase the

percentage of institutional deliveries for reduction of maternal mortality and

availability of emergency care for sick children to reduce infant mortality.

MoHFW 2005

Government Guidelines -- This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division of MOHFW in MoHFW 2007

137

Guidelines for

operationalizating SBA

training in RCH II

2007 for program managers and in-charges of training institutes at district and state

level to standardize planning of SBA training, ensure its effective management, and

to help these personnel identify their specific roles and responsibilities in

conducting this training.

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for setting up

blood storage centers at First

Referral Units

Developed by the MOHFW in 2003, this manual comprises of 3 parts – the first part

provides guidance on the requirements and responsibilities of Blood Storage

Centres, the second part details the Standard Operating Procedures to be followed

by laboratory personnel in conducting the actual tests of cross matching and

transfusion, and the third part is a guide to rational use of blood, blood products

and substitutes by clinicians.

MoHFW 2003

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines for the

operationalisation of Mobile

Medical Unit (in North-

eastern States, Himachal

Pradesh and J&K)

With an aim of improving access to health care services under NRHM, this

document was developed by the MOHFW to provide guidelines for the

operationalisation of Mobile Medical Units across the country, with special focus on

difficult to reach tribal and hilly areas in North-eastern States, Himachal Pradesh

and J&K.

MoHFW

Government Guidelines --

Guidelines on Accredited

Social Health Activitists

(ASHA)

This guideline developed by the MOHFW provides guidance on the role,

responsibilities, profile, selection procedure, training modality, compensation

package, and the monitoring and evaluation indicators for ASHAs under NRHM. MoHFW

138

Government Guidelines --

Indian Public Health

Standards (IPHS) For Sub-

Centres

This guideline developed by the MOHFW in 2006 under NRHM, prescribes

standards for a Sub-health Centre (or a Sub-centre which is the first contact point

between the primary health care system and the community) in order to provide

basic health care services to the community and achieve/maintain an acceptable

standard of quality of care. Keeping in view the resources available with respect to

functional requirement for Sub-centres, a set of minimum standards had been

prepared related to infrastructure, manpower, instruments, equipments, drugs,

transport and other facilities, etc.

MoHFW 2006

Government Guidelines --

Indian Public Health

Standards (IPHS) for Primary

Health Centres

This guideline developed by the MOHFW in 2006 under NRHM, prescribes

standards for a Primary Health Centre or a PHC (covering 20,000 to 30,000

populations with 6 beds) in order to provide health care that is quality oriented and

sensitive to the needs of the community. Keeping in view the resources available

with respect to functional requirement for PHCs, a set of minimum standards had

been prepared related to infrastructure, manpower, instruments, equipments,

drugs, transport and other facilities, etc.

MoHFW 2006

Government Guidelines --

Infection Management &

Environment Plan (IMEP) for

Reproductive and Child

Health Programme (Phase –

II)

Developed by MOHFW in 2004 under RCH II program, this document on health care

waste management describes planning for the maintenance of sanitary conditions,

use of appropriate disinfection and sterilization techniques, provision of potable

water and clean air for all operations, and nosocomial infection control, as the basic

infrastructural requirements for delivery of RCH services in the country.

MoHFW 2004

Government Guidelines --

Janani Suraksha Yojana:

Guidelines for

Implementation

Developed by the MOHFW, this guideline describes the vision, strategy and features

of the Janani Suraksha Yojana program under NRHM, its implementation plan at

different levels, the financial arrangements, and mechanisms for monitoring,

MoHFW

139

evaluation and reporting.

Government Guidelines --

Monthly Village Health

Nutrition Day: Guidelines for

ANMs/AWWs/ASHAs/PRIs

This guideline by the MOHFW describes the importance of conducting monthly

Village Health Nutrition Day, defines the required relevant procedures and logistics,

the role of each cadre of health worker including supervisors, and the various

activities that should be conducted on the day.

MoHFW 2007

Government Guidelines --

National Rural Health

Mission: Framework for

Implementation (2005-2012)

This guideline by the MoHFW describes the broad framework for implementation of

the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) including its goals & components, core

strategies, expected outcomes and timelines. MoHFW 2005

Government Guidelines --

Project Implementation Plan

for Vulnerable Groups Under

RCH II

Developed by the MOHFW in 2004, this guideline describes the rationale, objectives

and the strategy for monitoring and evaluation of Project Implementation Plans

(PIPs) for Vulnerable Groups as well as PIPs for Tribal Health and Urban Slum Health

in order to improve the health status of vulnerable population by ensuring

accessibility and availability of quality primary health care and family welfare

services to them.

MoHFW 2004

Government Guidelines--

Reproductive & Child Health

Phase II Program – National

Program Implementation

Plan

Developed by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, this document on

Reproductive and Child Health Phase II Program is divided into three parts:

Document 1 gives a summary and overview of the policy context in which RCH

Phase II has been designed, its strategic direction, the lessons from RCH Phase I,

and the institutional and financial arrangements.

Document 2 describes the principles and evidence base that underpins the strategic

decisions and priorities of RCH Phase II.

RCH II Program -

NPIP 2005

140

Document 3 is the National Level RCH Phase II Program Logical Framework

Also given is the Finance & Accounts Manual (Annexure A) which attempts to

streamline the process of financial management in the program.

Government Policy -- Broad

Framework for Preparation of

District Health Action Plans

Developed by the MOHFW in 2006, this document provides a broad framework for

the preparation of District Health Action Plans under the NRHM. After a brief

introduction about the program, the manual provides information on financial

planning and ways to optimize resources under the District Health Action Plan, how

to conduct situational analysis using primary and secondary data and ways to

involve community in planning, and process of defining the objectives, work plans,

and monitoring evaluation plans.

MoHFW 2006

Government Policy --

Infection management and

Environment plan: Policy

framework

Prepared by MOHFW in 2007 with support from DFID and the World Bank, this

document gives a broad overview and generic guidance to central and state level

institutions on the type of systems and processes to be established for infection

control and bio-medical waste management in healthcare facilities under NRHM

and RCH II.

MoHFW 2007

Government Policy --

National Health Policy 2002

The second National Health Policy formulated in 2002 summarizes the key

successful health initiatives and achievements in public health over the last five

decades, analyzes the current health scenario in the country, and outlines the

objectives and goals including the prescriptions for achieving the policy goals.

MoHFW 2002

Government Policy --

National Population Policy

2000

A policy framework developed by GOI for advancing goals and prioritizing strategies

during the next decade to meet the reproductive and child health needs of the

country, and to achieve net replacement levels by 2010 (and stable population by

Population Commission

2000

141

2045). Simultaneously it addresses issues of child survival, maternal health and

contraception, while increasing outreach and coverage of a comprehensive package

of RCH services by all the stakeholders (govt., industry & voluntary non-government

sector).

Guidelines Nursing and

Midwifery Workforce

Planning

Published by the WHO in 2010, this guideline provides practical approaches/tools to

facilitate development of knowledge and skills in the planning of nursing and

midwifery workforce. It aims to explain what workforce planning is, how it can help

to deliver key services delivery goals, and how planning leads to provision of better

care.

WHO 2010

Mamata Diwas (Village

Health & Nutrition Day):

Operational guidelines

Under NRHM the Village Health and Nutrition Day is planned to provide

comprehensive Maternal and Child health and nutrition services, and ensure early

registration, identification and referral of high risk children and pregnant women. In

Orissa this initiative is known as ‘Mamata Diwas’. These guidelines issued by the

Govt. of Orissa provides information on the objectives and operational framework

of the initiative, summarizes the health topics for discussion, describes the

roles/responsibilities of health workers, the state level training strategy, and the

mechanisms for monitoring evaluation, reporting, and financial arrangements.

NRHM Orissa 2009

Technical Publications

A concurrent evaluation of

Phase II of the NRHM BCC

campaign

A report on the study conducted by Population Foundation of India in 2009 with

support from USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative to evaluate the second phase of

Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Campaign under NRHM. The evaluation

determined the extent of the campaign’s reach, visibility and exposure among the

target audiences, and gave recommendations to inform MOHFW for future large

scale campaigns.

Population Foundation

of India 2009

142

CLICS: A survey for the

Community, by the

Community

A case study developed by CLICS citing example of how young girls from the

community were engaged to conduct village survey for developing the village

health plan, and how this encouraged community participation. USAID

CLICS: Health is a song away

for Meerabai

A case study by CLICS citing experience and efforts of a woman president of a

Village Coordination Committee to improve the health status of the village including

establishment of a clinic. USAID

CLICS: Kiran Clinics are a boon

in Wardha villages

A brief description of the activities and achievements of community run health

clinics (Kiran Clinics) managed by the Village co-ordination committee (VCC), an

initiative led by the CLICS program. USAID

CLICS: Kishori Panchayats

guide teenage girls in the

right direction

A summary of activities performed by groups of adolescent girls (Kishori

panchayats) in the villages of Wardha under the CLICS program. Related to

promotion of health, education, cultural values and sanitation, these activities help

adolescent girls in developing life skills and self esteem.

USAID

CLICS: Male involvement

improves women’s and

children's health

A case study developed by CLICS citing example of how a farmer’s development

forum (kisan vikas manch) was formed and used for sensitizing men towards

women and children’s health issues. USAID

CLICS: Reaching for the sky:

Women's Self-Help Group

fosters growth

This case study developed by CLICS describeing the dual role of Self Help Groups in

providing women with alternative credit income and also acting as a platform for

empowering and capacity building of women to deliver health messages. USAID

CLICS: Safeguarding the

community’s health- The A summary of the work/experiences of a trained health worker (known as Doot)

selected from amongst the community by the CLICS Program to provide primary USAID

143

village doot care to the people living in villages and deal with their health issues, especially

those of the women and children.

CLICS: Teach them to climb

mountains: Empowering

adolescents in the community

A case study of a worker from a woman’s Self-help Group describing the increased

social awareness and confidence building measures for adolescent population

brought about by the activities of CLICS. USAID

CLICS: Village leader becomes

walking encyclopaedia on

health

A case study by CLICS citing experience and efforts of a village leader to improve the

community’s knowledge on health and hygiene in the village. USAID

CLICS: Working Together To

Improve Health: ANMs

Redefine Their Role in the

Community

A brief summary of the experiences of two ANMs from the community on the

improved synergy in service delivery with the help of initiatives taken by CLICS

program, and the support given by CLICS Doot in performing their regular activities. USAID

Child health in the State PIPs

2008-09: Mapping Technical

Assistance Needs

A technical document developed by the NHSRC in 2008 which analyzes the Program

Implementation Plans 2008-09 submitted by different states under NRHM,

compares it with the findings of the Joint Review Mission, and builds upon the

results to define the Technical assistance requirement of the states

NHSRC 2008

Community case

management essentials:

Treating childhood illnesses

in the community

Published in 2010 with funding from USAID, this guide for Program Managers

describes the basics of the Community case management strategy, and the process

of designing and management of such a program. Community case management is

a strategy to deliver lifesaving curative interventions for common childhood

illnesses, particularly in areas with little access to facility-based services.

USAID 2010

Concurrent evaluation of the

reach and effectiveness of

second phase of the NRHM

A group of four questionnaires developed for in-depth interview of women, men,

fathers/mothers-in-law and the village functionary as part of evaluation of the

Population Foundation

of India 2009

144

BCC campaign:

Questionnaires

second phase of Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Campaign under NRHM.

This study was conducted by Population Foundation of India in 2009 with support

from USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative

Emergency access and

management rules for

Maternal and Child Health

Fund (Hindi)

‘Mother and child health emergency fund’ is an initiative to provide financial

support to the community/family to help them access quality treatment for the

mother (during pregnancy or postpartum period) and/or children (till 18 years of

age) through the formation of Self help groups. This document in Hindi provides

information about the objectives and advantages of this initiative, the process of

forming Self help groups, and its rules and regulations for smooth functioning.

Evaluation of ASHA

Programme. ASHA – Which

way forward? (NEW)

Synthesized and published in 2011 by the National Health Systems Resource Centre

(NHSRC) MoHFW, this report provides a comprehensive evaluation of the ASHA

programme in the country using a mixed method approach. The ASHA programme

is one of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). This

evaluation report covers three key domains –

a) Governance, Institutions, Expectations and Perceptions: an overview of the

programme, policy framework, institutional environment, and perception,

interaction and contribution of different stakeholders

b) Understanding ASHA and programme dynamics: profile of ASHA, selection

process and support system, training process and training systems, and community

and beneficiary perceptions of ASHA role

c) Outcomes of programme: knowledge and skill levels of ASHA, measurable

outcomes and outputs in terms of changes in health behavior, service utilization

and response to childhood illness, and the relationship between contexts,

NHSRC 2011

145

mechanisms and outcomes.

Government Report – NRHM

Common Review Mission:

Fourth Report (2010) (NEW)

The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural

Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent

evaluation. The Fourth CRM covered 14 states and one Union Territory during the

second and third week of December 2010 and evaluated the existing health delivery

systems through 11 key parameters. This report of the Fourth CRM was synthesized

and published by the National Health Systems Resource Centre, the technical

support institution of NRHM.

MoHFW 2011

Government Report-- Child

Budgeting in India

A booklet developed in 2007 by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and

UNICEF analyzing the budgetary allocations for children under the Union Budget for

the past 5 years. It represents an important policy analytical tool that helps in taking

stock of development and investments for children, and helps in identifying child

development areas which are neglected.

DWCD / UNICEF

2007

Government Report--

Directory of Innovations in

the Health Sector

Under NRHM decentralized planning/implementation and flexibility to states/local

governments has resulted in a number of innovations being taken across states

many of which address locally identified gaps in the program. Developed by the

MOHFW in 2009 with support from DFID and other partners, this document

compiles a list of such innovations, lists the key features of selected innovations

through a desk review, and identifies ‘promising’ innovations for a full-scale

evaluation to assess their scalability and replicability across States.

DFID 2009

Government Report-- Fifth

Joint Review Mission (JRM-5):

Reproductive and Child

Health Program Phase II

The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the

progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under

the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development

MoHFW 2008

146

Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and

agreed actions of the Fifth JRM conducted in January-February 2008 based on the

review of field visits to the 5 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat,

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.

Government Report-- First

Joint Review Mission (JRM-1):

Reproductive and Child

Health Program Phase II

The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the

progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under

the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development

Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and

agreed actions of the First JRM conducted in February-March 2006 based on the

review of secondary data from the States, review of field visits to Assam,

Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and review of the state PIPs at the national level.

MoHFW 2006

Government Report-- Fourth

Joint Review Mission (JRM-4):

Reproductive and Child

Health Program Phase II

The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the

progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under

the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development

Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and

agreed actions of the Fourth JRM conducted in July-August 2007 based on the

review of field visits to the 4 states of Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra and Orissa, and

review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.

MoHFW 2007

Government Report-- Mid

Term Review (MTR):

Reproductive and Child

Health Program Phase II

The Mid Term Review (MTR) of RCH II program evaluated the progress made during

2005-2008 towards implementing the ‘paradigm shift’ envisaged in its design and in

six thematic areas. It was led by the MoHFW and joined by the Development

Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and

agreed actions of the MTR held in September-December 2008 based on the analysis

of provisional data from DLHS-3, review of innovations and progress in the thematic

MoHFW 2008

147

areas based on field visits to 6 states of Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa,

Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.

Government Report--

Millennium Development

Goals: India Country Report

2005

A status report published by the Central Statistical Organization of GOI in 2005

assessing the progress on MDGs looking beyond the numbers to analyze why

improvements in health have been slow, and suggests what steps must be taken to

accelerate progress. Weak and inequitable health system is reported as the key

obstacle for attaining the MDGs.

GoI / UNICEF 2005

Government Report-- NRHM

Common Review Mission:

Second Report (2008)

The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural

Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent

evaluation. This is the report of the Second CRM process conducted in November-

December 2008 covering the states of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,

Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Orissa, Rajasthan,

Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh.

MoHFW 2008

Government Report-- NRHM

Common Review Mission:

Third Report (2009)

The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural

Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent

evaluation. The Third CRM cover 14 states and 3 Union Territories during the first

and second weeks of November, 2009 to review the progress made on 22 key areas

of the NRHM.

MoHFW 2009

Government Report-- NRHM

Common Review Mission:

First report (2007)

The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural

Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent

evaluation. This is the report of the First CRM process conducted in November 2007

covering the states of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Madhya

Pradesh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar

MoHFW 2007

148

Pradesh and West Bengal.

Government Report-- Second

Joint Review Mission (JRM-2):

Reproductive and Child

Health Program Phase II

The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the

progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under

the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development

Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and

agreed actions of the Second JRM conducted in September-October 2006 based on

the review of field visits to the 18 NRHM focus states and review of the PIPs at the

national and the state levels.

MoHFW 2006

Government Report-- Sixth

Joint Review Mission (JRM-6):

Reproductive and Child

Health Program Phase II

The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the

progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under

the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development

Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and

agreed actions of the Sixth JRM conducted in May-July 2009 based on the review of

field visits to the 4 states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and

review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.

MoHFW 2009

Government Report-- Third

Joint Review Mission (JRM-3):

Reproductive and Child

Health Program Phase II

The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the

progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under

the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development

Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and

agreed actions of the Third JRM conducted in January-February 2007 based on the

review of field visits to the 3 states of Madhya Pradesh, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, and

review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.

MoHFW 2007

Improving Performance of

Community-Level Health and A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in USAID 2008

149

Nutrition Functionaries: A

Review of Evidence in India

2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions

regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)

interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of

USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,

Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document

outlines the review on interventions for improving the performance of community-

level health and nutrition functionaries (ANMs, AWWs, ASHAs), summarizes the

selected interventions, and shares the recommendations and evidence gaps

identified by a technical expert group after analysis of the interventions.

Improving access, service

delivery and efficiency of the

public health system in rural

India: mid-term evaluation of

the National Rural Health

Mission

Published in 2009, this report presents the findings of a mid-term evaluation of the

functioning of the National Rural Health Mission undertaken by an International

Advisory Panel. The evaluation was carried out in the three high-focus states of

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, and relied on a mix of inputs:

empirical analysis of primary and secondary data (new and existing datasets),

detailed interviews of health workers at various levels, documentation of key

innovations, challenges and successes, and inputs from subject experts working at

the national level.

Centre on Globalization

and Sustainable

Development, The Earth Institute at Columbia University

2009

Making a difference:

Indicators to improve

children’s environmental

health

A summary report of the WHO commissioned study for developing a set of

indicators on children’s environmental health that outlines the principles and

concepts behind the choice of indicators, presents simplified models of each issue

highlighting the key factors of concern, and lists the core indicators that should be

developed in each case.

WHO 2003

Rapid Assessment of the

District Health Profile: PHRN

Orissa

A report on the rapid assessment undertaken in 5 districts of Orissa in 2009 to

understand the gaps in different community level processes of public health PHRN 2009

150

programmes and take up selected pilot interventions, and based on the findings to

give suggestions to the district level public health authority for initiating similar

approach to address communitization agenda of NRHM. Public Health Resource

Network (PHRN) is a civil society initiative to support NRHM.

Reducing incidence of Low

Birth Weight using a

community based life cycle

strategy: study protocol

This document is the protocol of a quasi-experimental study conducted in Ranchi

district of Jharkhand state which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of life-cycle

based community level behavioral interventions in reducing the incidence of low

birth weight and improving maternal and child health. Developed in 2006, the study

and protocol is led by a group of NGOs including CINI, Krishi Gram Vikas Kendra and

Social Initiatives Group of ICICI Bank.

HETV – Health

Education to Villagers

2006

Role of Village Health

Committees in Improving

Health and Nutrition

Outcomes: A Review of

Evidence from India

A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in

2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions

regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)

interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of

USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,

Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document

outlines the review on the role of Village Health Committees in improving health

and nutrition, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the

recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after

analysis of the interventions.

USAID 2008

The Global Campaign for the

Health Millennium

Development Goals 2010:

Putting the Global strategy

for Women’s and Children’s

This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development

Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in

putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This

Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in

Global Campaign for

the Health Millennium

Development Goals

2010

151

Health into action September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

The Millennium Development

Goals Report 2011

Based on a master set of data compiled by an Inter-Agency and Expert Group of the

United Nations Secretariat, this report published in 2011 reviews the progress

towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) through a series of statistical

indicators identified as appropriate for assessing progress.

United Nations

2011

Traditional herbal remedies

for Primary Health Care This monograph developed by the WHO in 2010 describes the rich resources and

the benefits of traditional herbal remedies in the prevention and treatment of

diseases. It provides information about traditional remedies/traditional usage of

herbs in curing simple ailments in order to facilitate its usage at the level of Primary

Health Care.

WHO 2010

World Development Report

2004

The World Development Report 2004 focuses on basic services, particularly health,

education, water, and sanitation, seeking ways of making them work for poor

people. Citing powerful examples of pro-poor services, the document recommends

institutional changes to strengthen relationship between policymakers, providers

and citizens to ensure accountability.

World Bank 2004

Trainings Behavior Change

Communication Materials

Database- Health, Nutrition

and Population Programme

A database of BCC materials compiled by CARE.

CARE 2008

Government Training – Asha

Prashikshako ke liye

Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1

(HINDI)

Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are

designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in

Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part

NHSRC, MoHFW

2010

152

reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field

of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A

of Module 7).

Government Training – Notes

for ASHA Trainers: Part 1

Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of

trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The

notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of

ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn

health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).

NHSRC, MoHFW

2010

Government Training--

Guidelines for

operationalizing SBA Training

in RCH II

This guideline was developed in 2008 by the MOHFW for the State/District Program

Managers, Trainers and In-charges of the identified training institutes to

standardize planning of SBA trainings at various levels with focus on coverage and

quality, ensure its effective management, and help these personnel identify their

specific roles.

MoHFW 2008

Government Training--

Handbook for Field NGOs: An

almanac for managers,

supervisors and field workers

Developed by the MOHFW in 2007 under the RCH II program, this handbook is

designed for use by the Mother Non Government Organizations (Mother NGO) as a

reference guide to train Field NGO staff in issues pertaining to program

management and facilitating service delivery. It explains in detail the basic concepts

of program management, and the steps for carrying out field activities.

MoHFW 2007

Government Training-- Life

saving anesthetic skills for

emergency obstetric care: Log

book for trainees

A training course developed by the MOHFW and Department of Anesthesia &

Intensive Care AIIMS to provide MBBS doctors with necessary skills and

competencies to manage cases requiring life saving emergency obstetric care at the

First Referral Units. It consists of two parts – the first part gives information about

the course content, methodology, the learning materials and assessment, and the

MoHFW

153

second part gives details of record keeping of procedures carried out under

supervision.

Government Training--

Reading Material for ASHA

Book No 1

Published by the MOHFW in 2006, this book is the first in the series of seven

modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. This book describes the job

responsibilities of ASHAs for improving access and utilization of services for health,

nutrition, drinking water and sanitation, and gives information regarding

registration of pregnant women, Janani Suraksha Yojana, breast feeding, infant

nutrition, immunization and diarrhoea.

MoHFW 2006

Government Training--

Reading Material for ASHA

Book No 2: Maternal and

Child health

Published by the MoHFW in 2006, this book is the second in the series of seven

modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. It provides information on

maternal and child health topics including menstrual cycle, fertility, care of a

pregnant woman, methods for preventing unwanted pregnancy and access of safe

abortion services, newborn care, infant and young child nutrition, and care/advice

for childhood illnesses.

MoHFW 2006

Government Training--

Reading Material for ASHA

Book No 3: Family planning,

RTI/STIs, HIV/AIDS and ARSH

Published by the MOHFW in 2006, this book is the third in the series of seven

modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. It provides information on

ways and methods to prevent unwanted pregnancy including the merits/side

effects of each method, causes and methods of preventing HIV/AIDS, counseling

and advice for family planning, reproductive tract infections, and adolescent

reproductive health.

MoHFW 2006

Government Training--

Reading Material for ASHA

Book No 4: National Health

Programmes, AYUSH and

Published by the MOHFW in 2006, this book is the fourth in the series of seven

modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. It provides information

about the various National Health Programmes to enable ASHAs facilitate

MoHFW 2006

154

management of minor

ailments

community participation and improved access of services, the remedies available in

the AYUSH system of medicine, and treatment/care in TB, malaria, animal bite,

wounds and burns.

Government Training--

Reading Material for ASHA

Book No 5: About ASHA

Published by the MOHFW in 2008, this book is the fifth in the series of seven

modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. This book covers topics

related to development of life skills in ASHAs in order to strengthen her role as a

health activist in the community.

MoHFW 2008

Government Training--

Reading Material for ASHA

Book No 6: Maternal and

Newborn Health (NEW)

Published by the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC), MoHFW in

2010, this book is the sixth in the series of seven manuals developed for training

ASHAs under NRHM. This refresher module builds on the existing knowledge of

ASHA and aims to develop new skills in the healthcare of mothers and children. The

areas covered include the role, activities, outcomes and skills required by ASHA,

topics related to maternal health (pregnancy diagnosis, its complications, safe

delivery, care during delivery, post partum care), and newborn health (care at

delivery, essential newborn care, breastfeeding and schedule of home visits).

NHSRC, MoHFW

2010

Government Training--

Reading Material for ASHA

Book No 7: Child Health and

Nutrition (NEW)

Published by the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC), MoHFW in

2010, this book is the last in the series of seven manuals developed for training of

ASHAs under NRHM. This refresher module builds on the existing knowledge of

ASHA and aims to develop new skills in the healthcare of mothers and children. The

areas covered include infant and young child feeding, assessment of malnutrition,

management of simple childhood diseases, immunisation, assessment and

management of LBW babies and neonatal sepsis, and topics of women's

reproductive health.

NHSRC, MoHFW

2010

155

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Facilitators Guide

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This Facilitators guide informs the trainers about the training

schedule, topics, methodology and the tools to be used for training the program

managers during the training period.

WHO 2009

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Introduction (Module 1)

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This first module of a set of three modules describes the purpose

of training, the global child health status, recommended evidence-based child

health interventions and packages, principles of delivery of these interventions, and

definitions of specific terms.

WHO 2009

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Managing implementation

(Module 3)

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This last module of a set of three modules describes how to

advocate for child health and mobilize resources, manage supervision and monitor

WHO 2009

156

progress of activities according to the implementation plan.

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Planning implementation

(Module 2)

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This second module of a set of three modules describes the

preparation for developing an implementation plan, steps for reviewing

implementation status, how to decide targets, indicators and monitoring of

activities, and components of work-plan and budget.

WHO 2009

Managing Programmes to

improve Child Health:

Workbook

Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers

aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving

management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with

effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning

cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage

implementation. This Workbook, to be used along with the set of three modules,

would help the managers acquire practical skills related to the training.

WHO 2009

Model Injection Centre-

Training Manual (Hindi) This manual was developed by IPEN to train participants in safe injection practices

and appropriate disposal of injection waste under the program ‘evaluation of

behavior related to injection practices in India. IPEN

Understanding Health

Management Information

Systems: HMIS Managers

Manual (draft version) (NEW)

A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS

division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool

for decentralized health planning and management. This third manual (draft

NHSRC 2011

157

version) is important for HMIS Managers who access databases to download data

and analyze it.

Understanding Health

Management Information

Systems: HMIS Resource

Person Manual (draft version)

(NEW)

A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS

division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool

for decentralized health planning and management. This fourth manual (draft

version) is important for those involved in designing and development of HMIS

software, or involved in constructing training programme or evaluating HMIS

systems.

NHSRC 2011

Understanding Health

Management Information

Systems: Health Programme

Manager’s Manual (NEW)

A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS

division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool

for decentralized health planning and management. This second manual is

important for Programme Managers working at different levels of health system,

and deals with the use of indicators, and understanding and troubleshooting of data

quality issues.

NHSRC 2011

Understanding Health

Management Information

Systems: Service Provider’s

Manual (NEW)

A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS

division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool

for decentralized health planning and management. This first manual is meant for

all health workers working in the system and gives information about the different

aspects of data elements.

NHSRC 2011

158

Scientific Articles

A rapid appraisal of Sahiya

(ASHA) in Jharkhand

Published in the journal Health and Population Perspectives and Issues in 2008, this

article aims to assess the functioning of Sahiya program in Jharkhand including

acceptability of these health workers in the community and their linkages with

other health workers (ANMs and AWWs). In Jharkhand, the community level health

worker introduced under NRHM is known as Sahiya instead of ASHA.

Health and Population

Perspectives and Issues

2008

An appraisal of Janani

Sahyogi Yojana in the state of

Madhya Pradesh

Published in the journal Health and Population Perspectives and Issues in 2008, this

article reviews the functioning of the Janani Sahyogi Yojana programme in the four

districts of Madhya Pradesh. This state level programme was launched to increase

the availability of delivery and newborn care services for Below Poverty Line (BPL)

families through the Private Service providers.

Health and Population

Perspectives and Issues

2008

Community-based health

programmes: role

perceptions and experiences

of female peer facilitators in

Mumbai’s urban slums

Published in 2009 in the Health Education Research journal, this study utilizes

qualitative methods to explore the role perceptions and experiences of female peer

facilitators involved in a community-based maternal and newborn health

intervention in urban slum areas of Mumbai in Maharashtra.

Health Education Research journal

2009

Reproductive and Child

Health inequities in

Chandigarh Union Territory of

India

This study published in the Journal of Urban Health in 2007 describes the findings of

a household survey (using the multi-indicator cluster sampling technique)

conducted in the Union Territory of Chandigarh to estimate the access of

reproductive and child health services to people living in urban, rural and slum

areas.

Journal of Urban Health

2007

Statistical Information

Fact Sheet All States This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators

and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and

TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS

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159

Bulletins and from Census 2001.

Fact Sheets NFHS-3

These fact sheets have been developed based on the National Family Health Survey

3. They present provisional information on the key indicators and trends for India

and the 29 states in the areas of Marriage and Fertility, Family Planning, and

Maternal and Child Health.

NFHS 2009

National Health Profile 2005 Developed by the Central Bureau of Health Information MOHFW in 2005, this

document compiles key information regarding India’s overall health status, health

expenditures, infrastructure and human resources in health. It brings out major

trends in past years and provides updated information and comparative account of

health situation existing in different states.

CBHI / MoHFW

2005

Nutrition in India: National

Family Health Survey (NFHS

3) India 2005-06

This report produced by the International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) in

2009 provides evidence of the poor nutritional status of young children, women,

and men in India, and the lack of improvement in their status over time. The

findings of this report are based on the data from NFHS 3.

IIPS 2009

Tracking progress in

Maternal, Newborn and Child

Survival: India 2008 report

The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the

progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn

Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based

on the latest data from the country.

Countdown to 2015 – Maternal,

Newborn & Child Survival

2008

“If you have knowledge, let others light their candles in it” Margaret Fuller

Repository on Maternal Child Health

Website: www.childhealthindiainfo.com