Reported Speech Mgr. Žaneta Janečková Anglický jazyk Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice...
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Transcript of Reported Speech Mgr. Žaneta Janečková Anglický jazyk Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice...
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Reported Speech
Mgr. Žaneta Janečková
Anglický jazyk
Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice formou DUMůCZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0488
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Reported speech• the exact meaning of what someone said, but
not the exact words• We can use: tell – followed by a personal object
(e.g. told him)
- can be used with these expressions: the truth, a lie, a secret, a story, the time, the difference, the way, one from another, one´s fortune
say – doesn´t have to be followed by a personal object
- if there is a personal object, we use a preposition to (she said to him)
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- expressions used with say: good morning, etc., something/nothing,etc., so, one´s prayers, a few words
Reported statements
• personal /possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning of the sentence
e.g. Amy said, “ I´m meeting my boyfriend after school.“
Amy said (that) she was meeting her boyfriend after school.
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• in reported speech introductory verb is in the past simple and the tenses change:
Present Simple → Past Simple
“I´m twenty,“ said Peter.→ Peter said he was twenty.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
“I´m working hard,“ John said to me. → John told me he was working hard.
Past Continuous (Simple) → Past Perfect Continuous (Simple)
“I was working hard,“said Peter. →Peter said he had been working hard.27. června 2012 4
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Present Perfect → Past Perfect
“I have finished my project,“ said John. → John said he had finished his project.
WILL → WOULD
“ I will help you,“ Jane said to Jim. → Jane told Jim she would help him.
•certain words and time expressions also change:
now → then, at that time, immediately
today, tonight → that day, that night27. června 2012 5
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yesterday → the day before, the previous day
tomorrow → the next day, the following day
this week → that week
last week → the week before, the previous week
next week → the week after, the following week
two days ago → two days before
here → there
come →go 6
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• this/these – when used as time expressions → that (week)/ those (days)
• this/that/these/those – when used as adjectives (followed by a noun) → the
e.g. “this cake ….“→ the cake…..
- when used as pronouns (not followed by a noun) → it/they/them
e.g.“This is a good idea.“ → He said it was a good idea.
• will/shall → would• may →might
27. června 2012 7
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• can → could/would be able to (future reference)
• must → must /had to (obligations)
• shall → should (asking for advice)
Reported questions
• change of word order
• usually introduced with: ask/inquire/wonder/want to know
e.g. “What do you want me to do?“ she asked me. → She asked me what I wanted her to do.
27. června 2012 8
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• if there isn´t a question word, we use if/whether
e.g. “Do you want an apple?“ she asked me. → She asked me whether/if I wanted an apple.
Reported commands
• we use introductory verbs order/tell sb to (not to) + -inf
e.g. “Don´t talk!“ he said to him. → He ordered him not to talk.
27. června 2012 9
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Reported requests
•introductory verbs ask or beg sb + (not) to-infinive
e.g. “Please lend me some money,“ Tim said to me. → Tim asked me to lend him some money.
e.g. “Please, please don´t go away,“ he said to me. → He begged me not to go away.
Reported suggestions
•introductory verbs suggest + -ing form/that sb (should)+ bare infinitive27. června 2012 10
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e.g. “What about going to the cinema?“ he said. → He suggested going to the cinema.
He suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.
27. června 2012 11
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27. června 2012 12
• when the introductory verb is in the present, future or present perfect, we don´t change the tense
e.g. He says,“ I love swimming.“ → He says that he loves swimming.
• when reporting the general truth, the verb tenses can either change or remain the same
e.g. “Paris is the capital of France,“ the teacher said. → The teacher said (that) Paris is /was the capital of France.
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27. června 2012 13
Použité zdroje
• DOOLEY, Jenny a Virginia EVANS. Grammarway 3. Newbury: Express Publishing, 1999. 1st ed. ISBN 978-1-842-16-367-2. .
• MURPHY, Raymond. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 2nd ed. ISBN 0521 43680 X.
Všechny objekty použité k vytvoření prezentace jsou součástí SW Microsoft Office nebo jsou vlastní originální tvorbou autora.