Report to WMO Expert Team 2.2 on Climate Monitoring
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Transcript of Report to WMO Expert Team 2.2 on Climate Monitoring
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Deke ArndtChief, Climate Monitoring Branch
NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Jay Lawrimore sends his best regards
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Tasked to NCDC / Jay at the initial meeting
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
To aid capacity-building, provide resources on the ET2.2 web site to demonstrate global monitoring efforts
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Produce a pamphlet to support ET2.2 Outreach.
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Publish article to describe how BAMS SotC authorship is determined and how the document is published
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WMO Bulletin 57(2)
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
2008 Chapter Editors diverse organizationally and internationally
Dealing with the “problems” of increased content now!
Diamond: USA NOAA-NESDIS
Fogt: USA NOAA-NWS Levy: USA NOAA-OAR Richter-Menge, USA
Army CoE Thorne: UK Met Office Vincent, Met Service
of Canada Watkins, Australia
Bureau of Met
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Goal: Translate BAMS State of the Climate so that all six WMO languages are represented.
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Translations for 2008 document:◦ Abstract◦ Chapter
Introductions◦ All figure captions
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
NCDC
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
ECVs reported in the Annual BAMS State of the Climate Report for 2008
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
US CLIMAT messages
New GHCN version coming
Many internal improvements
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Mission: “monitor and assess the state of the climate”◦ Products and information, not necessarily datasets
Near the end of the pipeline … lots of work upstream from us:
Data & Observing Systems Research Product Development Data Ingest Quality Assurance
Also near the beginning of another pipeline.◦ Our work brings us into contact with stakeholders
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U.S. Report Global Report
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Issued each month, season (DJF, MAM, JJA, SON) and year.
Each report (U.S. & Global) provides◦ Headlines◦ Narrative◦ Graphics◦ Insight into
components of the climate system
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Drought Wildfire Severe Weather Tropical Cyclones Winter Weather
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Global Report assesses the global / regional behavior of:◦ Surface Temperature
Land, Ocean and Both
◦ Precipitation◦ Sea Ice◦ ENSO (El Nino / La Nina)◦ Upper Atmospheric
Temperature
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Reorganization of:◦ U.S. National Priorities◦ NOAA’s Climate Services function◦ NCDC’s organization chart
Means that the “Climate Monitoring” function is much more closely tied to Climate Service, as well as traditional ties to Climate Science
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Will play out as NOAA’s climate services May play out as a lead in a National Climate
Service, should one occur Several options/plans, based upon the
Nation’s expressed needs/priorities Strong focus on regional and sectoral
issues
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Now designed to be served out so others can incorporate components into their reports.◦ RSS feed, Portals
Includes much more educational / informational material
Incorporates much more content from local/regional climatologists
Beginning to add focus to events and impacts, not just variables
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Narrative reports of major climate-scale occurrences◦ Drought◦ Heat◦ Floods◦ Severe Weather◦ Tropical Cyclones◦ Winter Weather
By necessity, this product has many editorial decisions
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
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Actual values (not just vs. normal) for any month, season, year since 1900.
Tulsa Springs since 1948.
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Provides time series of trends in variables
Also make maps (this map is “How has JFM changed since 1900?”)◦ Can click on a dot to
get the time-series for that dot.
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Some impacts of air pollution:◦ reduced visibility, respiratory
issues Pollutant types:
◦ Gaseous: ozone, SO2, NOXs◦ Particulates: soot, dust, smoke
ASI monitors stagnation component (buildup over time).◦ Does not monitor pollution
sources. Factors:
◦ Light winds (low horiz. dispersion)
◦ Stable lower atmosphere (prevents vertical escape)
◦ Lack of precipitation (to cleanse lower atmosphere).
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
How often does heat index exceed a threshold value at a particular station?
Values specific to the station’s overall climatology◦ (Texas will have a
higher threshold than Maine)
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
US Drought Monitor is an example of cross-community climate services◦ Ag + Water + etc. experts◦ Climatologists
US Drought Portal brings communities together around a phenomenon◦ http://www.drought.gov
Expressed needs: air quality issues and heat waves associated with drought.
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Joint effort: Canada, Mexico and the U.S.
Part of extended Canada-U.S. GEO collaboration
NADM Workshop: April 2010, Asheville, NC, USA. To explore international drought issues beyond North America
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
CEI = five indicators illustrate extremes in:◦ monthly mean maximum and minimum
temperature◦ extreme 1-day precipitation◦ the number of days with/without precipitation◦ the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)
Area of the CONUS with extreme conditions is compared with the remainder of the CONUS to yield a fraction for a given period
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Notable upward CEI trend from 1970 to present
Mostly from max and min temps, 1-day precipitation and PDSI (drought)
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
CEI Annual Seasonal Recently added a tropical system
component, calculated for multiple seasons Additions and modifications are explained in
“A Revised U.S. Climate Extremes Index” (Gleason et al. 2008)
Underway: pilot project for southeast US. If successful, more regional applications expected.
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Designed to capture status and changes of extreme and threshold behavior of the climate system
How often does something happen?
Is the frequency changing?
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NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
NACEM Field Definition: “Annual count/percent of days …”
No. of Frost Days … with daily min temp < 0°C
No. of Summer Days … with daily max temp > 25°C
No. of Icing Days …with daily max temp < 0°C
No. of Tropical Nights …with daily min temp > 20°C
Growing Season Length … between first 6-day span with daily avg temp >5°C and first 6-day span with avg temp <5°C
Much below average lows
… when daily min temp was < 10th percentile (%)
Much below average his … when daily max temp was < 10th percentile (%)
Much above average lows
… when daily min temp was > 90th percentile (%)
Much above average his … when daily max temp was > 90th percentile (%)
Greatest 5-day Rainfall Max rain falling in any consecutive 5-day period
Precip Intensity Index Amount that fell on days with precip
Length of Dry Spell Max # of consecutive days without precip
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