Report on Pandemic Influenza

8/2/2019 Report on Pandemic Influenza

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This report is only allowed for reviewing or references purpose. All rights reserved 2009.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

It is hard to avoid hearing about influenza virus these days. The new influenza virus (H1N1) was

first detected in people in the Mexico in April 2009. This virus is spread from person-to-person,

transmitted by inhalation of infectious droplets and droplet nuclei, by direct contact, and

perhaps, by indirect contact, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza

virus spread. As like all influenza viruses, swine flu viruses change constantly. Seasonal flu,

severe illnesses and death has occurred as a result of illness associated with this virus. The

new spread of this virus has lead to 66 deaths in Malaysia (updated on 18 August 2009) and

many people being contact with the influenza either directly or indirectly. There is no vaccine

available right now to protect against novel H1N1 virus. There are everyday actions that canhelp prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Thus, it is

important to discover the level of awareness especially among UMP students. As observed, we

can identify that different students in UMP might have different perceptions or attitude towards

prevention and protection strategy of influenza. For example, keep ourselves away from the

crowded areas; wear suitable personal protective equipment such as masks or glove when

necessary. Thus, a case study such as this may help create deeper awareness on the effects of

pandemic influenza.

1.2 Problem statement

The spread of influenza is increasing rapidly and vaccines are not found easily, a measure to

protect mankind from getting this flu is important. Not many are aware on how to react if they

are faced with such a situation, thus awareness is a must.

1.3 Research objectives

1.3.1 To investigate the level of awareness on pandemic influenza.

1.3.2 To find out influenza self-prevention strategy among students.


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1.4 Research Question

1.4.1 Do UMP students know what pandemic influenza is?

1.4.2 Are they aware pandemic influenza?

1.4.3 Do UMP students practice positive attitude towards pandemic influenza?

1.4.4 Do UMP students work towards practicing self-prevention from the spread of influenza?

1.5 Definition of the terms

1.5.1Awareness

Awareness is the state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness among the students. It

is an alert cognitive state in which the students are aware of themselves and their situation.

1.5.2Pandemic

Pandemicis a geographical widespread outbreak of an infectious disease in which many people

are infected at the same time; occurring throughout a region or even throughout the world.

1.5.3Influenza

Influenza is an acute febrile which is characterized by fever and highly contagious viral disease.

It is easily diffused or spread as from one person to another by infection.

1.6 Review of methodology

As to conduct this research, we decided to use one type of instruments which is survey

questionnaires. The target audience involve in this research are 80 UMP students from varies

faculties. For the survey questionnaires participants, we decided to choose them according to

our distribution ratio which is non-random technique.

1.7 Organization of chapters

This study comprises of five chapters which are introduction, review of literature, methodology,

findings, conclusion and recommendation. Under chapter one of introduction, the chapter is

sub-divided into background of the study which explains a history on pandemic influenza,

problem statement, research objectives, research questions and definition of the terms.


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As for the second chapter of review of literature, it is all about the synthesis of articles related to

the study of the level of awareness for pandemic influenza.

The third chapter of methodology is sub-divided into three which are description of participants

who are involved in the survey questionnaires, data collection instruments which are survey

questionnaire and individual interview and data analysis.

The fourth chapter is on the findings and discussion of the survey and interview conducted and

for the results obtained.

As for the last chapter which is conclusion and recommendation is an overall on the study and

to provide measures for improvement.


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CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The review of literature of this pandemic influenza research consists of three sub-elements. The

sub-elements are pattern of pandemic influenza, symptoms and effect of pandemic influenza,

prevention and control measures of pandemic influenza and Malaysian government policy and

reaction towards influenza. Basically we synthesized related articles from various case studies

of pandemic influenza as a support evidence of every fact that we discussed.

2.1 Pattern of pandemic influenza

From history, there are several types of pandemic influenza that been attacked human starting

from year 1918 (H1N1, Spanish Flu), 1957 (H2N2, Asian Flu) and 1968 (H3N2, Hong Kong Flu).

(Yu, Tsung, Ding, Pei, Luan, Chun, Chin, Fu, Li, 2006) The latest pandemic influenza before

Influenza A, H1N1 is H5N1 which called as bird flu that attacked in year 2006. The same

patterns of all these pandemic influenza are the characteristic, symptoms and effects of this

virus. But the levels of seriousness of the pandemic influenza are different. From the research, it

can be realized that the level of severity of this virus is increasing from the first pandemic

influenza till the latest one (bird flu in 2006). A researcher predicted that the new pandemic

influenza that will be more severe than the bird flu because the virus can be transmitted

between human to human compared to the previous which is bird flu (transmitted between

poultry to human only) (Robin B. M., 2007) This statement has been proven by the existing

pandemic influenza in 2009 which is swine flu, H1N1. From the bird flu cases, the wide spread

of the virus are because of seasonality element. This is due to the virus which is transmitted via

bird. The bird usually transfer from one place to another place when the change of season.

Thats make the avian influenza spread. (Andrew, W. P., Kathryn G., 2007) As the conclusion,

from the past cases of pandemic influenza, we can predict what the characteristic of the future

pandemic influenza is. If we can predict it earlier, the vaccine of the pandemic influenza can be

produced faster than before and that makes the number of fatality or infected persons can be

decrease.


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2.2 Symptoms and effect of pandemic influenza

The pandemic influenza factsheet is the research on comparing symptoms and complications

with symptoms of the common cold. The symptoms of pandemic influenza are similar as

seasonal influenza. A guide from a medical officer of health claim that the symptoms appear

suddenly and can include, muscle aches and pains, tiredness, loss of appetite, cough, sore

throat and stuffy or runny nose. Depending on the new subtype that emerges, symptoms may

be more severe and complications more widespread because nobody will have any immunity or

protection against that particular virus. In his study of pandemic influenza and health care

demand, (Hageenaars, 2004) found that the effect of differences in timing of vaccination

campaigns, and the impact of strategies in which anti viral are prescribed to certain groups up

until the moment that a newly developed vaccine becomes available. Other than that, he

revealed that there are some nonlinear effects such as the reduction of the transmission

intensity that occurs when therapeutic antiviral use leads to a reduced duration of infectiousness

and when the number of susceptible individuals is reduced through vaccination. On the other

hand, the effect arises because immune individuals are not only unable to acquire the infection

but also unable to pass it on to others. As for that, it can be said that the pandemic symptoms

are serious than seasonal influenza and the effect of the disease can be more serious if the

early prevention measure are not taken when the symptoms are clearly appear to the victim.

2.3Prevention and control measures

Research conducted in the 20th century has revealed the spread of influenza is constantly

increasing and is predicted to continue increasing in the near future (Cinti, 2005). Pandemic

preparedness has been visible across the world. Exposure to influenza such as type A (H1N1)

requires prevention and control measures. Kitler (2002) in his research on prevention and

control of influenza says that, medically vaccination has been proven to be most effective to

stimulate the production of antibodies and also to reduce the replication capabilities of the virus.

In addition to that, extensive experience with vaccines has demonstrated that vaccines provide

good protection. On the other hand (Cinti, 2005) the control measures such as quarantine is

said to be most effective for the moment, delaying the spread of epidemic. Wearing mask,

adequate ventilation can help to equally prevent influenza spread that is airborne. On the other

hand, Kitler (2002) claims that early warning through pandemic surveillance around the world is


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most effective in achieving early prevention and protection against such spread of influenza. In

addition, pandemic readiness based on international, national and regional planning across the

world in order to develop the worlds capacity to respond to the epidemics (Cox, 2003).

Therefore, it can be said that prevention of such deadly spread of influenzas is much needed to

sustain the human population. Its best said that prevention is better than cure.

2.4 Malaysian government policy and reactions towards influenza

The Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia has taken some measures on

preventive and control actions on the novel pandemic influenza, H1N1. Some measures such

as school closure, setting up operation rooms for the monitoring of influenza H1N1 since 26

April 2009. (MOH, 2009) The Government has also developed the interim guidelines on

surveillance of influenza A H1N1 in Malaysia. The Society of Occupational and Environmental

Medicine (SOEM) of the Malaysian Medical Association (MMA) with the collaboration of Ministry

of Health (MOH) Malaysia had defined the pre-pandemic and pandemic action stage on

recommendations on influenza for industry in Malaysia (MOH, SOEM, 2006). Those agencies

have listed down the level of influenza pandemic phase and strategic actions to be taken. This

included the list of the participating designated hospitals. It is also explained the guidance

provided under NIPPP for the preparedness and response needed in facing the threat of an

influenza pandemic and the roles or functions of other ministries, departments and non-

governmental organizations during influenza pandemic (NIPPP,2009).


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CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, we will discuss about the specification of method used to conduct our research.

This methodology chapter consist of three elements which are participants, data collection

instruments and data analysis. The participants section discusses about the target audience of

this survey and how we distribute our instruments to the participants. For the second section,

we explain about the detail of instruments used which are survey questionnaires. The last

section will explain about how we analyze the collected data.

3.1 Participants

As for the first method to conduct this research, we decided to use the survey questionnaire

method. Generally the participants are UMP students from all faculties including male and

female. The faculties involved in this survey are Faculty of Technology Management, Faculty of

Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical

Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Natural Resource,

Faculty of Computer Science & Software Engineering, and Faculty of Science & Industrial

Technology. Each faculty will be given an equal number of survey questionnaires which is 10

per faculty. From each faculty, we divide it into two categories which are male and female and

the distribution ratio is 50:50. For a clearer view of the participant division, refer to the table

below.


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Table 3.1

No

.

FACULTY MALE FEMALE TOTAL

1 Faculty of Technology Management 5 5 10

2 Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering 5 5 103 Faculty of Electrical Engineering 5 5 10

4 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 5 5 10

5 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources

Engineering

5 5 10

6 Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering 5 5 10

7 Faculty of Computer Science & Software

Engineering

5 5 10

8 Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology 5 5 10

TOTAL 80

Breakdown of participants according to gender and faculty

3.2 Data collection instruments

There are several methods to collect primary source data. Therefore we chose two methods

that are survey questionnaires and individual interview.

Survey questionnaire on the awareness of pandemic influenza among UMP students is our

main method to collect primary data about the study mentioned above. The survey consists of

19 questions. The survey questionnaire is sub-divided into two which are open ended and close

ended questions. The close ended form is equally sub-divided into a few types which are

dichotomous, rank and multiple choices.

3.3 Data analysis

After we conducted the survey, the data are collected and interpreted. There are 80

respondents for survey questionnaire.

The analyses of survey questionnaires are done using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The

feedback from 80 respondents has been analyzed in the spreadsheet because it will be easy for

calculating the frequency for each choice of the answer.


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Step 1

Numbering each of the questions.

Step 2

Number each question and variable. For example each type of question will have a different

way of numbering:

i. For all closed, open-ended, multiple choice (in which respondents can only choose one

answer), fill in relevant information and scale question, each question will be considered as

individual variables.

ii. With rank questions, each choice is a variable.

Step 3

Once we have collected the feedback from respondents, we transferred the data into

Microsoft Excel worksheet. The summary of the data look like the table below:

Variables

Respondents

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7

R1

R2

R4

R5

Step 4

Tabulate the information :

Table 1 Program Respondents n = 80Gender Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 40 50

Female 40 50

Total 80 100


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CHAPTER FOUR

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter is the analysis of the findings on the level of awareness among UMP students

towards pandemic influenza and UMP students awareness towards self-prevention from the

spread of pandemic influenza. This analysis will be presented in table form, pie chart and

diagram.

4.1 PARTICIPANTS INFORMATION

Eighty UMPs students are involved in this research. Table 4.1 illustrates the breakdown of the

participants according to gender and faculty.

Table 4.1

Breakdown of participants according to gender, faculty and year of study

From the table 4.1, it indicates that 10 students (5 male and 5 female) of each faculty

participated in this study. According to the year of study, most of the participants were a second

year students.

GENDER MALE FEMALE TOTAL

FACULTY / YEAR OF STUDY 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 5 5 10

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2 2 1 3 2 10

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 4 1 5 10

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 5 5 10

MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 5 5 10

COMPUTER SCIENCE 5 5 10

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE 5 5 10

CIVIL ENGINEERING 2 1 1 1 2 3 10

TOTAL 2 32 4 2 0 33 4 3 80


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4.2INVESTIGATE THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS TOWARDS PANDEMIC INFLUENZA

Figure 4.2

Sources of being infected by pandemic influenza

The pie chart above shows the sources of being infected by pandemic influenza chosen by

UMP students. According to the chart, we can conclude that majority of UMP students, 28(35%), believe that the source of being infected by pandemic influenza is by visiting foreign

countries followed by being in direct contact with the body liquid of a H1N1 patient, 25 (31%),

being around public places, 21 (26%), and involvement in outdoor activities, 6 (8%). From the

results, it can be conclude that probably the virus of pandemic influenza is more spread in the

foreign country, so for those who visiting the foreign country which is already be overcome by

the virus can easily got the disease from there. Perhaps the students are not aware and did not

care about how pandemic influenza spread and where the virus come from because the

accurate source actually is being in direct contact with the body fluid of a H1N1 patients.

21, 26%

28, 35%

25, 31%

6, 8%

Being around public places

Visiting foreign countries

Being in direct contact with the

body liquid of a H1N1 patient

Involvement in outdoor activity


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Figure 4.3

The effects of infected by pandemic influenza

The results shows the majority, 61 (76%), says that the effect is the victim face to the death or

fatal. 16 (20%) of UMP students said that the effect of the disease is semi-conscious. Least

number of students thought that the effect of the pandemic influenza can cause stroke and

coma. Only a few of the students does not really aware of the effect of pandemic influenza.Consequently besides the control measures taken, the goals to minimize the impact of

pandemic influenza are identifying pandemic influenza and monitoring its spread and impact,

containing the spread of infection to the extent that this is possible, reducing illness and saving

lives, ensuring the continuation of essential services, thereby minimizing social and economic

disruption, and ensuring that the public, health professionals and media have up-to-date,

comprehensive information at all stages. As for that, it can be summarized that the virus of

pandemic influenza can cause fatal if there are no prevention or control measures taken with

the goals to minimize the impact and the students should aware on the effect related to thedisease.

From the survey also, we are able to identify weather they aware on type of viruses that can be

classified under pandemic influenza. Almost all students agree that swine flu (66, 83%) and bird

flu (66, 83%) are both under the pandemic influenza family. We can see that the student knows

how to classify the viruses, and aware about the types of pandemic influenza. Only some of

2, 3%

61, 76%

16, 20%

1, 1%

Coma

Fatal

Semi-concious

Stroke


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them are not really knows about the types of pandemic influenza because they also classified

SARS (50, 63%), JE virus (28, 35%) and even AIDS (10, 13%) with the pandemic influenza

group.

When talking about the sources of information of pandemic influenza, almost all UMPs student

agree that they get the information from the news (77, 96%). News can be in several type of

mass media includes from news paper, radio and television. Almost half of them are also gain

the information from the advertisement (39, 49%) and the internet (52, 65%). The least number

of students got the information about the pandemic influenza through magazines (15, 19%).

From this data, we can conclude that student rely on the news to get the real facts or

information about the current issues.

Figure 4.4

Symptoms of pandemic influenza

From the diagram above, it is stated that almost 90% of UMPs student know about the fact

about the symptoms of pandemic influenza which is cough (71, 89%), flu (67, 84%), runny nose

(41, 51%) and difficulty in breathing (65, 81%). It is prove that the information that they get from

new, advertisement, internet and etc, contains the true information or the fact of pandemic

influenza. Only minor of them have a little bit confusing fact about the symptoms of pandemic

influenza because they also certified that eye-swelling (8, 10%) and rashes (6, 8%) as the

symptoms of the virus.

71,89%67,84%

41,51%

65,81%

8,10% 6,8%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Cough Flu Runny nose Difficulty in

breathing

Eye-swelling Rashes

YES

NO


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4.3 IDENTIFY STUDENTS AWARENESS TOWARDS SELF-PREVENTION FROM THE

SPREAD OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA

Figure 4.5

Level of awareness towards preventive measures

The column graph above shows the level of awareness among UMP students towards self-

prevention from the spread of pandemic influenza. From this, the highest number of student

shows that they agree to the fact that quarantine is the most effective way to prevent the

widespread of pandemic influenza (79, 99%). Apart from that, other measures include good

hygienic practice (75, 94%), serious measure need to be taken by government (70, 88%) and

the lowest is wearing mask (27, 34%).

It can be concluded that quarantine is the most effective way towards self-prevention from the

spread of pandemic influenza, and this is due to the reason that pandemic influenza is an

airborne disease and is certain to spread in air. Therefore quarantine is a wise measure to take.

79,99%

70,88%

17,21%

76,95%

27,34%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Quarantine Government

measures

Wear mask Hygienic

practice

Stay indoor

AGREE

DISAGREE


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Based on the overall findings, we can conclude that majority of the UMP students believe that

human are easily infected by pandemic influenza if they visiting any foreign country or have the

direct contact with body liquid of H1N1 patients. They knew that self protection techniques such

as quarantine from the crowded areas may prevent themselves to be exposed to H1N1 virus

infection.


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CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this chapter, we will conclude all the findings that we have found in this research. All findings

are based on our two research questions and the conclusion will shows whether achieve our

objectives or not.

5.1 CONCLUSION

As we all aware, pandemic influenza is actually a global disease outbreak which spread by the

airborne. Due to the survey, the results shows that majority students believe that the source of

being infected by pandemic influenza are visiting foreign countries and being direct contact with

the body liquid of H1N1 patients. The UMP students realize that this disease can bring to fatal

cases if there are no precautions measures are taken to avoid from getting the virus.

Consequently besides the control measures taken, the goals to minimize the impact of





comprehensive information at all stages. As for that, it can be thought that the virus of pandemic

influenza can cause fatal if there are no prevention or control measures taken with the goals to

minimize the impact and the students should aware on the effect related to the disease.

Besides, they are agreed that swine flu and bird flu can be classified under pandemic influenza

group. This shows that they are aware about the characteristic of viruses that had been

attacked human and they can classified the viruses according to its type. Majority of them get all

this information from the news which provides the true facts about the current virus issues. We

can see that the students know about the source of information that can provide them valuable

information so that they can take any possible precaution measures to protect themselves.

Some of the valuable information that they get are the symptoms of the virus which is cough, flu,

runny nose and difficulty in breathing. As for that, we can say that news from mass media such

as newspaper, television and radio provides facts which can contribute to the safety of the

community.


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After conducting this survey, it is found that students in UMP have the general idea on how to

keep themselves protected from the spread of pandemic influenza. From this it can be said that

they realize the only obvious effective way to protect them from the spread of pandemic

influenza such as H1N1 is though quarantine. Therefore, it is safe to say that UMP students are

aware on how to keep them protected.

As for the overall conclusions, we have found that UMP students are aware on pandemic

influenza in term of sources of infection, types of pandemic influenza, symptoms and effects of

the pandemic influenza itself. They are also well aware that quarantine is the most effective way

to self-prevention at the moment.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

We recommend that university should organize some campaign to increase the level of

awareness among UMP students. The campaign such as seminar, talks or weekly awareness

road show can communicate effectively to all level of universitys members which may include

staffs and students as well. Students who know the basis knowledge about pandemic influenza

can gain more information about the preventive and reactive measures during the road show.

University must take initiative to advertise these issues to all level of university through internal

media such as UMP radio, announcement in university web portal or flyer etc. Sometime,

student may just ignore the impact of pandemic influenza due to human physical weakness.

Human always create errors, for example, easily forget if there is no remind. A simple daily

announcement in student portal may give awareness to every student about the pandemic

influenza.

Student clinic and affairs department shall provide Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to

students for free. Those PPE equipments are masks and hand gloves. PPE is very important to

eliminate the possible chances of getting infected by pandemic influenza. This will give the

signal to all students so that everyone will know about the pandemic influenza either direct orindirectly.

Sanitizer such as hand washer shall provide in public places such as washroom or toilet and

cafe. Virus can live on hard surfaces for up to two days, and on hands for up to five minutes, so

washing hand often with suitable sanitizer can keep ourselves and others healthy at most of the

times. This can help increase the hygiene practices among university students.


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In addition, every lecturer can plays the vital role in helping to create the healthy scenarios in

every lecture room before start teaching on the days. For instance, lecturer should start the

class by communicate to make sure the students health. Lecturer should immediately give

excuses for quarantine for those who felt uncomfortable in class or having any health problem.

They should immediately send for medical body check up and being quarantine if necessary.

Another preventive measure is a personal stress management system. Stress suppresses the

immune system and makes one vulnerable to infections. A stress management system is

beyond the scope of this page but is vitally important to maintaining good health and avoiding

the bugs. University should develop a counseling team to give advice to students who need help

in stress management especially during the exam weeks.

Students Clinic should provide nutritional supplements to students who needed it by selling it at

reasonable price or giving it for free. The use of nutritional supplements to support immune

function may reduce the incidence, duration, and severity of infections in general. Having the

immune system working at peak efficiency before getting sick is far more effective than waiting

until getting sick. Basic immune system function can be boosted dramatically by supplementing

Vitamins A, C, and Zinc. This combination is particularly beneficial in supporting immune

function, is relatively inexpensive, and works better than many herbs and other products.

There are also some recommendations or preventive measures for every individual:

1. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. When you are sick, keep your distance from

others to protect them from getting sick too.

2. Stay home when you are sick. If possible, stay at home from work, school, and errands

when you are sick. You will help prevent others from catching your illness.

3. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those

around you from getting sick.

4. Washing your hands often with suitable sanitizer will help protect you from germs.

5. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with hands. Germs are often spread when a

person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her

eyes, nose, or mouth.

6. Practice other good health habits. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your

stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food.


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REFERENCES

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APPENDICES

i. SAMPLE OF SURVEY QUESTIONAIRES

Dear respondents

This survey is to study on the awareness of pandemic influenza among UMP students.

We hope that you will answer the questions truthfully. Thank you.

Instructions : Please answer all the questions below.

Section A :

1. Gender : Male Female

2. Age :

3. Year of studies: 1 2 3 4

4. Faculty :

Section B

This section is to investigate the level of awareness towards pandemic influenza.

Please put a tick on ONLY one answer.

5. Pandemic influenza is,

A.

B. A pandemic influenza is a global disease outbreak

C.

D.

6. From several cases of pandemic influenza that occurred in Malaysia, what are the sources of being

infected by this influenza?

A. Being around public places

B.Visiting foreign countries

C. Being in direct contact with the body liquid of a H1N1 patient

D.Involvement in outdoor activity


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7. Is this disease fatal?

Yes No

Please put a tick on MORE than one answer.

8. In your opinion, what are the types of influenza stated below that can be classified as pandemic

influenza?

Swine flu

Bird flu

SARS

J.E. virus

AIDS

9. From what sources, do you receive latest information on a pandemic influenza such as H1N1?

News

Advertisement

Internet

Magazines

Others, please specify

10. From what you have heard, what are the symptoms of the pandemic influenza?

Coughflu

muscle pain

difficulty in breathing

diarrhea

rashes

11. What are the effects of being infected by pandemic influenza?

A.

B.

C.

D.


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Section C

This section is to identify students awareness towards self-prevention from the spread of pandemicinfluenza.

Please put a tick on ONLY one answer.

12. Have you been in direct contact with a person that have pandemic influenza/

Yes No

13. Do you think it is important to take measures to control the spread of pandemic influenza seriously?

Yes No

Please put a tick according to preferences.

No. Questions Strongly

Agree

Agree Disagree Strongly

Disagree

14 Quarantine is the most effective way to prevent

the widespread of pandemic influenza.

15 Serious measure need to be taken by the

government in order to prevent the spread of

pandemic influenza.

16 Only H1N1influenza requires patients to mustwear mask.

17 The hygienic practice must be implemented by allof the UMP students to make sure that they are

not infected by the pandemic influenza.

18 If you are a H1N1 patient, it is not necessary to

stay indoors/ at home all the time.

19. The university has declared a state of emergency to all students due to the increase spread of confirm

H1N1 influenza cases, you are trying to avoid from getting the flu. What will you do?


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ii. VARIABLE TABLE


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iii. DATA ANALYSIS

SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SECTION B: IDENTIFICATION ON THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS TOWARDS PANDEMIC

INFLUENZA

Definition of Pandemic Influenza

From the figure 4.1 above, we can see that the most of the UMPs students (41, 51%) think that

the pandemic influenza is Influenza A, whereas the pandemic influenza is actually a global

disease outbreak (23, 29%). Others said that pandemic influenza is a viral influenza (13, 16%)

41, 51%

23, 29%

13, 16%

3, 4%

Figure 5.1

Influenza A

A global disease outbreak

Viral influenza

Chronic influenza

GENDER MALE FEMALE TOTAL

FACULTY / YEAR OF STUDY 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 5 5 10

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2 2 1 3 2 10

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 4 1 5 10

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 5 5 10

MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 5 5 10

COMPUTER SCIENCE 5 5 10

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE 5 5 10

CIVIL ENGINEERING 2 1 1 1 2 3 10

TOTAL 2 32 4 2 0 33 4 3 80


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and a chronic influenza (3, 4%). From the percentage above, it is clearly stated that majority of

the student are not aware about the meaning of pandemic influenza and dont have the sense of

curiosity to find out about it.

FIGURE 5.2

Sources of being infected by pandemic influenza

The pie chart above shows the sources of being infected by pandemic influenza chosen by

UMP students. According to the chart, we can conclude that majority of UMP students, 28

(35%), believe that the source of being infected by pandemic influenza is by visiting foreign

countries followed by being in direct contact with the body liquid of a H1N1 patient, 25 (31%),

being around public places, 21 (26%), and involvement in outdoor activities, 6 (8%). From the

results, it can be conclude that probably the virus of pandemic influenza is more spread in the

foreign country, so for those who visiting the foreign country which is already be overcome by

the virus can easily got the disease from there. Perhaps the students are not aware and did not

care about how pandemic influenza spread and where the virus come from because the

accurate source actually is being in direct contact with the body fluid of a H1N1 patients.

21, 26%

28, 35%

25, 31%

6, 8% Being around public

places

Visiting foreign

countries

Being in direct contact

with the body liquid of

a H1N1 patient


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FIGURE 5.3

The effects of infected by pandemic influenza

The results shows the majority, 61 (76%), says that the effect is the victim face to the

death or fatal. 16 (20%) of UMP students said that the effect of the disease is semi-conscious.

Least number of students thought that the effect of the pandemic influenza can cause stroke

and coma. Only a few of the students does not really aware of the effect of pandemic influenza.

Consequently besides the control measures taken, the goals to minimize the impact of





comprehensive information at all stages. As for that, it can be summarized that the virus of

pandemic influenza can cause fatal if there are no prevention or control measures taken with

the goals to minimize the impact and the students should aware on the effect related to the

disease.

2, 3%

61, 76%

16, 20%

1, 1%

Coma

Fatal

Semi-concious

Stroke


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FIGURE 5.4

The fatalities due to pandemic influenza

The figure prove that large number of UMP students aware that pandemic influenza can

cause fatal if there are no prevention or control measures taken because the virus can spread

quickly, affects the health and give big impact to the surrounding people and also almost

around the world. There is only 13 (16%) of the students think that the virus did not cause fatal

cases. Majority 67 (84%), think that pandemic influenza can cause fatal because they frequently

expose to the news and advertisement about this disease. This serious pandemic is also likely

to cause many deaths, disrupt the daily life of many people and cause intense pressure on

healthcare and other services. It is clear that pandemic influenza is dangerous. Furthermore, thesymptoms may be more severe because nobody will have any immunity or protection against

that particular virus.

67, 84%

13, 16%

YES

NO


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Types of virus that can be classified as pandemic influenza

From the above graph, we are able to identify weather they aware on type of viruses that can be

classified under pandemic influenza. Almost all students agree that swine flu (66, 83%) and bird

flu (66, 83%) are both under the pandemic influenza family. We can see that the student knows

how to classify the viruses, and aware about the types of pandemic influenza. Just some of

them are not really knows about the types of pandemic influenza because they also classified

SARS (50, 63%), JE virus (28, 35%) and even AIDS (10, 13%) with the pandemic influenza

group.

Sources of information about the pandemic influenza

66,83% 66,83%

50,63%

28,35%

10,13%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Swine flu Bird flu SARS J.E. virus AIDS

FIGURE 5.5

YES

NO

77,96%

39,49%

52,65%

15,19%

2,3%0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

News Advertisement Internet Magazines Others

FIGURE 5.6

YES

NO


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When talking about the sources of information of pandemic influenza, almost all UMPs student

agree that they get the information from the news (77, 96%). News can be in several type of

mass media includes from news paper, radio and television. Almost half of them are also gain

the information from the advertisement (39, 49%) and the internet (52, 65%). The least number

of students got the information about the pandemic influenza through magazines (15, 19%).

From this data, we can conclude that student rely on the news to get the real facts or

information about the current issues.

Symptoms of pandemic influenza

From the diagram above, it is stated that almost 90% of UMPs student know about the factabout the symptoms of pandemic influenza which is cough (71, 89%), flu (67, 84%), runny nose

(41, 51%) and difficulty in breathing (65, 81%). It is prove that the information that they get from

new, advertisement, internet and etc, contains the true information or the fact of pandemic

influenza. Only minor of them have a little bit confusing fact about the symptoms of pandemic

influenza because they also certified that eye-swelling (8, 10%) and rashes (6, 8%) as the

symptoms of the virus.

71,89%67,84%

41,51%

65,81%

8,10% 6,8%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Cough Flu Runny nose Difficulty in

breathing

Eye-swelling Rashes

FIGURE 5.7

YES

NO


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Level of awareness towards preventive measures

The column bar graph above shows the level of awareness among UMP students towards self-

prevention from the spread of pandemic influenza. From this, highest numbers of students show

that they strongly agree on the fact that quarantine is the most effective way to prevent the

widespread of pandemic influenza and none disagrees to the fact stated earlier. This is due to

the reason that pandemic influenza is an airborne disease and is certain to spread in air

therefore it is clear that the best way students can think of and agree with is quarantine.

Next students the highest number shows that students agree that serious measures need to be

taken by the government in order to prevent the spread of pandemic influenza and less than 10

students disagree to the statement mentioned. This may be because, government not only

plays a role in preventing such a spread of influenza, and instead its a nations role to play as

well. Therefore the self-prevention awareness is clear.

As for the statement that only H1N1 patients are required to wear mask, most students disagree

to the statement. This is due to the reason that pandemic influenza is airborne, a non H1N1

patient in the midst of an H1N1 zone are highly likely to be diagnosed with such an influenza

and awareness are seen among students because the university is distributing mask for every

individual to wear.

79,99%

70,88%

17,21%

76,95%

27,34%

0

10

20

30

40

50

6070

80

90

Quarantine Government

measures

Wear mask Hygienic

practice

Stay indoor

FIGURE 5.8

AGREE

DISAGREE


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It is clear that majority strongly agrees that hygienic practice must be implemented by all of the

UMP students to make sure that they are not infected by the pandemic influenza. It is a known

fact that to stay clean always keeps every individual one step away from diseases.

Lastly, it seems that students on the whole, strongly disagrees that H1N1 patients is not

required to stay indoors all the time. From this, their level of understanding that quarantine is the

meaning of the sentence makes it clear that UMP students are well aware.

FIGURE 5.9

Student actions towards pandemic influenza

The pie chart above shows the different types of preventive actions taken by students during the

outbreak of pandemic influenza. Clearly, quarantine has the highest percentage of actions being

taken while taking vaccine and sleeping are the lowest. According to the chart, quarantine make

up a major portion of the actions being taken which is 27 (33%), and this is followed by wearing

masks which is 23 (29%). The remaining of actions are no comments, hygiene practice, taking

supplement, medical diagnosis, sleeping, taking vaccine and avoid visiting foreign country which

make up 11 (14%), 10 (13%), 4 (5%), 2 (3%), 1 (1%), 1 (1%) and 1 (1%) respectively. It can be

concluded that probably quarantine is the most basis knowledge that students know through the

advertisement and annoucement in media when there is a outbreak of pandemic influenza.

Figure 4.9

11; 14%

27; 33%23; 29%

4; 5%

2; 3%

1; 1%

10; 13%

1; 1%

1; 1%

No comment

Quarantine

Wearing mask

Taking supplement

Medical diagnosis

Sleeping

Hygiene practice

Avoid visiting foreign

country

Taking vaccine

Report on Pandemic Influenza

Documents

Transcript of Report on Pandemic Influenza