ARCHITECTEERO

SAARINEN

SUBMITTED TO

AR. AMANJEET KAUR

SUBMITTED BY

11612 - 11616

ERRO SAARINEN

•EERO SAARINEN WAS BORN IN 1910,IN FINLAND.

• EERO SAARINEN WAS AN AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND PRODUCT DESIGNER,20TH CENTURY.

•HE WAS FAMOUS FOR HIS VARYING STYLE ACCORDING TO DEMAND OF THE PROJECT SIMPLE, SWEEPING,ARCHING STRUCTURAL CURVES.

•ACCORDING TO ERRO SAARINEN- “”THE PURPOSE OF ARCHITECTURE IS TO SHELTER AND ENHANCE MAN’S LIFE ON EARTH AND TO FULFILL HIS BELIEF IN THE NOBILITY OF HIS EXISTENCE”

DULLIES AIRPORT

•LOCATION - CHANTILLY , VARGINIA

•DATE - 1958-1962• •BUILDING TYPE – AIRLINE TERMINAL

•CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM - CONCRETE

•STYLE – MODERN

•AREA - 11,000 ACRE

NOTES:• 1-MAIN LANDSIDE ENTRANCE• 2-TICKET OFFICES• 3-AIRSIDE CUSTOMS HALL• 4-DEPARTURE GATES FOR MOBILE LOUNGES• 5-AIRSIDE ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS AND

CONTROL TOWER.

PLAN OF DULLES AIRPORT

DULLES AIRPORT

• THE FIRST COMMERCIAL AIRPORT EVER TO BE CONCEIVED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF JET AIRCRAFT OPERATION- EERO SAARINEN’S GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT AS A DESIGNER.

• THE TWO PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF THE AIRPORT ARE THE 150 FEET SPAN SUSPENSION ROOF OVER THE CENTRALIZED AIRPORT FACILITIES, AND THE REVOLUTIONARY MOBILE LOUNGES TO TRANSPORT PASSENGERS TO AND FROM AIRCRAFT PARKED AT STRATEGIC POINTS ON THE APRON- AVOIDANCE OF MILES OF PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR LEADING FROM THE TERMINAL TO THE AIRCRAFT.

DULLES AIRPORT

• CONCEIVING THE MAIN BUILDING AS A PLANE HOVERING BETWEEN EARTH AND SKY, SAARINEN DEVELOPED A SUSPENSION STRUCTURE RELATED TO THAT EMPLOYED ON THE INGALLS HOCKEY RINK.

• HERE HE USED THE SAME CATENARY CABLES TO CARRY THE ROOF, OUTWARD LEANING CONCRETE COLUMNS AND THE SAME UNINTERRUPTED ROOFS CAPE FROM WITHIN. MAIN

FEATURES• AN UNDERGROUND TUNNEL CONSISTING OF A PASSENGER WALKWAY AND MOVING

SIDEWALKS

. •THE TERMINAL CEILING IS SUSPENDED IN AN ELEGANT CURVE ABOVE THE LUGGAGE CHECK-IN AREA.

DULLIES AIRPORT• •THERE ARE TWO SETS OF GATES IN THE

MAIN TERMINAL

•THE MAIN TERMINAL IS A VERY WELL REGARDED BUILDING; ITS ROOF IS A SUSPENDED CATENARY PROVIDING A WIDE ENCLOSED AREA UNIMPEDED BY COLUMNS.

CURVED ROOF SUPPORTED UPON COLUMN

DULLES AIRPORT

VIEW TOWARDS LANDSLIDE FROM PRINCIPAL FLOOR

SECTION THROUGH TERMINAL BUILDING

TRANS WORLD AIRLINE TERMINAL

• Location: John F. Kennedy International Airport, Queens, New York

• Area: 17.6 acres (7.1 ha)

• Architectural style: Modern Movement, Expressionistic

TRANS WORLD AIRLINE TERMINAL

SECTIONAL DRAWING OF TWA TERMINAL SHOWING GENERAL ARRANGEMENT BENEATH 4 MAJOR

VAULTS

CONCEPT

THE BUILDING DESIGNED TO BE THE EMBODIMENT OF FLIGHT . SAARINEN DEVELOPED THE FORM WITH REINFORCED CONCRETE . ITS EXPRESSIVE FORMS ALLOW THE BUILDING TO STAND OUT AGAINST ITS

CONTEMPORARIES. THE FLUID NATURE OF CONCRETE WAS PUSHED TO THE EXTREME IN CREATING THE BIRD-LIKE FORMS. THE CONCRETE ALSO MADE A SOLID CHOICE SINCE THE BUILDING WOULD BE SUBJECT TO MILLIONS OF TRAVELLERS A YEAR. THE MATERIALS HAD TO BE DURABLE.

TRANS WORLD AIRLINE TERMINAL

ONE OF THE CURVILINEAR SERVICE WINGS WHICH REACH OUT BENEATH

CONCRETE VAULTS

• SAARINEN’S MOST FAMOUS DESIGN, THE TWA TERMINAL WAS INTENDED TO EXPRESS THE DRAMA AND EXCITEMENT OF AIR TRAVEL THROUGH A STRUCTURE WHICH APPEARED AT ALL TIMES TO BE IN MOTION, CONSTANTLY CHANGING AND TRANSPORTING THE AIRLINE PASSENGER.

• THE BASIC STRUCTURE ITSELF CONSISTS OF FOUR

INTERCONNECTED BARREL VAULTS OF SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SHAPES SUPPORTED ON FOUR Y-SHAPED COLUMNS.

• THESE VAULTS FORM A VAST CONCRETE SHELL, 50 FEET HIGH AND 315 FEET LONG, ENCLOSING THE WHOLE PASSENGER AREA OF THE TERMINAL.

GATEWAY ARCH

•LOCATION - ST. LOUIS MISSOURI

•CONSTRUCTION - 1961-1966

•BUILDING TYPE – MEMORIAL ARCH OBSERVATION TOWER

•CONSTRUCTION SYSYTEM -STAINLESS STEEL

•STYLE - STRUCTURAL EXPRESSIONIST MODERN

GATEWAY ARCH

•GATEWAY ARCH IS THE 2ND TALLEST MONUMENT IN HE WORLD.•THE ARCH IS LOCATED AT THE BANKS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER.•IT STANDS 630 FEET (192 M) TALL, AND IS 630 FEET (192 M) AT ITS WIDEST POINT.•.THE CROSS-SECTIONS OF ITS LEGS ARE EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES, NARROWING FROM 54 FEET 16.5 M PER SIDE AT THE BASE TO 17 FEET (5.2 M) AT THE TOP.

BASE OF ARCH

TRASNPORTATION SYSTEM(GATEWAY ARCH)

•THE INTERIOR OF THE ARCH IS HOLLOW AND CONTAINS A UNIQUE TRANSPORT SYSTEMLEADING TO AN OBSERVATION DECK AT THE TOP.•THE INTERIOR OF THE ARCH ALSO CONTAINS TWO EMERGENCY STAIRWELLS OF 1076 STEPSEACH, IN THE EVENT OF A NEED TO EVACUATE THE ARCH OR IF A PROBLEM DEVELOPS WITHTHE TRAM SYSTEM•.UNDERNEATH THE ARCH IS A VISITOR CENTER, ENTERED FROM A DESCENDING OUTDOORRAMP STARTING AT EITHER BASE.

FIGURES SHOWING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

TRASNPORTATION SYSTEM(GATEWAY ARCH)

ENTRANCE TO THE ARCH IS FROM THE UNDERGROUND GEORGE B. HARTZOG, JR. VISITOR CENTER, LOCATED DIRECTLY BENEATH IT.

PLATFORM AT THE TOP OF THE ARCH REACHED BY UNIQUE CONVEYANCE SYSTEM - A 40-PASSENGER TRAIN MADE UP OF EIGHT FIVE-PASSENGER CAPSULES IN EACH LEG.

THE OBSERVATION PLATFORM IS 65 FEET BY 7 FEET, WITH PLATE-GLASS WINDOWS

THERE IS ALSO A CONVENTIONAL MAINTENANCE ELEVATOR IN EACH LEG AS FAR AS THE 372-FOOT LEVEL, AND STAIRWAYS WITH 1,076 STEPS IN EACH LEG RISE FROM THE BASE TO THE TOP OF THE ARCH. THE ELEVATORS AND STAIRWAYS ARE FOR MAINTENANCE AND EMERGENCY USE ONLY.

OBSERVATION AREA

CONSTRUCTION ( GATEWAY ARCH)

FIGURES SHOWING CONSTRUCTION OF GATEWAY ARCH

NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH

•LOCATION : COLUMBUS , INDIANA

• DATE : 1959 TO 1963

• BUILDING : CHURCHTYPE

• CLIMATE : TEMPERATE

• CONTEXT : SUBURBAN

• STYLE : MODERN

PLAN & SECTION (NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH)

NORTH CRISTIAN CHURCH

•THE BUILDING IS HEXAGONAL IN SHAPE WITH CENTRAL SPIRE WHICH IS 192 FEET (59M) HIGH BELOW THE SPIRE THERE IS OCULUSTHAT ADMITS LIGHT INTO MAIN LEVEL .

• THE SANCTURY IS LOCATED AT THECENTRE OF THE BUILDING ,WITH A ALTARLOCATED AT THE CENTRE OF THE SANCTURY .

•ROWS OF PEWS SURROUND THE ALTAR IN THE CICULAR PATTERN , REFLECTING THE IDEA THATWORSHIP SHOULD BE” CENTRAL”ASPECT OF THE LIFE OFCONGREGATION .

INTERIOR OF CHURCH

NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH

OCULUS FOR ADMITION OF LIGHT IN THE CHURCH

REAR VIEW OF CHURCH

KRESGE CHAPEL

•LOCATION - CAMBRIDGE

•COMPLETION DATE – 1955

•BUILDING TYPE – CHAPEL

•CONSTRUCTON SYSTEM – BRICK

•STYLE- MODERN

PLAN OF CHAPEL

PLAN OF CHAPEL AND NARTHEX

1-MAIN ENTRANCE2-CIRCULAR CHAPEL3-NARTHEX WITH AUXILIARY ACCOMODATION

12

KRESGE CHAPEL

INTERIORS OF CHAPEL A BRICK DRUM 50 FEET IN DIAMETER, THE CHAPEL HAS THE SEATING FOR ONLY 128 PEOPLE, AND STANDS IN A SMALL POOL ALSO OF CIRCULAR FORM.  

KRESGE CHAPEL

DERIVED HIS INSPIRATION FROM A RECOLLECTION OF A STUDENT VISIT TO GREECE WHEN BRIGHT MOONLIGHT OVER A MOUNTAIN VILLAGE IN SPARTA HAD CREATED AN EFFECT SIMILAR TO THE ONE HE TRIED TO ACHIEVE BY THE INGENIOUS COMBINATION OF TOP AND BOTTOM LIGHTING HERE.

LOW ARCHES SET INTO THE BASE OF THE WALL ALLOW DAYLIGHT TO ILLUMINATE THE INTERIOR OF THE REFLECTION FROM THE POOL, WHILST THE UNDULATING INTERIOR SKIN OF BRICKWORK MODULATES THE REFLECTIONS THUS FORMED SO THAT THEY DO NOT DETRACT FROM THE ARTFUL TOP LIGHTING OF THE ALTAR VIA A SHIMMERING SUSPENDED SCREEN DESIGNED BY THE FORMER CRANBROOK TEACHER, ARRY BERTOIA.