Report of the Committee on Flammable Liquids General'Storage of Flammable Liquids€¦ · ·...

FL-1 R E P O R T OF C O M M I T T E E ON F L A M M A B L E "LIQUIDS

Report of the Committee on Flammable Liquids

Correlat ing C o m m i t t e e

Paul C. L a m b , Chairman 140 Dwight Place, Englewood, NJ 07631

Miles E. Woodworth,~ Secretary National ,Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210

G. E. Cain, Manufacturing Chemists' Assn., Jack C. Sanders, Fire Marshals Assn. of Inc. North America

Donald M. Johnson , Western Oil & Gas W . J . S m i t h , Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Assn. E . C . Sornrner, American Petroleum In-

F. O. Kubias , Glidden-Durkee, Div. of stitute SCM Corp.

Nonvot ing

Dr. Ing . Ge r t Magnus , Mannheim, Germany

TNonvoting

This list represents the membership at the .time the Committee was balloted on the text o/ this edition. Since that time, chanoes in the membership may have occurred.

Sectional Committee on Classification, Labeling and Propert ies of F l am mab le Liquids

F. Owen Kublas , Chairman Glidden-Durkee, Div. of SCM Corp., 900 Union Commerce Bldg., Cleveland, OH 44155

Miles E. Woodworth ,~ Secretary National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210

H. R. Brat-void, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

• W. H. Doyle, Simsbury, CT H. McIn ty re , H. McIntyre Associates David J. Pierce, North Carolina Depart-

ment of Labor L. G. Rails, Insurance Services Office

J. S. Snyder , Manufacturing Chemists' As- sociation

E. C. Sommer, American Phtroleum In- stitute

R. I. Spencer, Industrial Risk Insurers P. J. Student, Bureau of Explosives H. E. T h o m p s o n , Hiram Walker & Sons,

.Ltd. Pat . R. Wrigley, Nat'l Petroleum Refiners

Assn. J. C. Zercher , Manufacturing Chemists'

Association

AI t e r n a t e a

W. H. B u t t e r b a u g h , Manufacturing Chem- J . F . M c K e n n a , American Petroleum Iusti- late' A~sn• {Alternate to J. C. Zeroher) tute (Alternate to E• C. Sommer)

J o h n A. Davenpor t , Industrial Risk In- T h o m a s Shand , "Insurance Services Office surers (Alternate to R. I• Spencer) (Alternate to L. G. Rails)

Nonvot ing

Ms. M a r y Wil l iams, Office of Hazardous Materi~le Operations, U. S. Department of Transportation,

tNonvoting

This list represents the membership at the .time the Committee ~as balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membershtp may have occurre .

R E P O R T OF C O M M I T T E E ON F L A M M A B L E L I Q U I D S FL-2

Sectional Committee on General'Storage of Flammable Liquids

E. C. S o m m e r , Chairman Exxon Research & Engineering Co., P.O. Box 101, Florham Park, NJ 07932

(rep. American Petroleum Institute)

Miles E. w o o d w o r t h , t Secretary National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210

Char les D. Adcock, Manufacturing Chem- ists' Assn.

W. K. Aldrldge, Fire Marshals Assn. of North America

W. C. B l u h m , American Petroleum Institute W. L. B rnnd re t t , Edison Electric Institute J. A. Cedervall , Underwriters Laboratories

Inc. J. D. Coons, Factory Mutuals J o h n R. Doggct t ,* American .Warehouse-

men's A~,n. W. H. Doyle, Simsbury, CT A. F. Dyer, American Petroleum Institute Chief Herb l¢othergill, Int'l Assn. of Fire

Chiefs D u n c a n Glab, Steel Tank Institute Pa t Griffin, Pat Griffin Co. Donald L. H i e r m a n , Manufacturing Chem-

ists' Assn. Chief Earl Hood, Int'l• Assn. of Fire Chiefs Donald M. Johnson, Western Oil & Gas

Assn. O. W. Johnson, Pale Alto, CA

E. Kiefer, Insurance Services of Oklahoma W. D. Ma lms ted t , American Insurance As-

sociation P. A. Mankin, Gasoline Pump Mfg. Assn. Capt . T h o m a s W. McDonald , Fire Mar-

shals Assn. of North America J . F. McKenna , American Petroleum [nsti-

tote G. J. Rosick~," NFPA Industrial Fire Pro-

tection Sectmn Jack C. Sanders , Fire Marshals Assn. of

North America "Leon C. Schaller , Nat ' l Paint & Coatings

Assn. R.-I. Spencer, Industrial Risk Insurers R. D. Stalker, NFPA Industrial Fire Pro-

tection Section Lloyd D. Strohl , Distilled Spirits Co~ncil

of the U.S., Inc. H. E. T h o m p s o n , Hiram Walker & Sons,

Ltd. W. Van A r n u m , New Jersey Dept. of

Labor & Industry H. S. Wnss, J r . , Improved Risk Mutuals

A l t e rna t e s

G. A. Banfield, Distilled Spirits Council of H . S . Robinson, Industrial Risk Insurers the U•S., Inc. (Alternate to L• D. Strohl) (Alternate to R• I. Spencer)

J o h n B. Ferguson, Occupational Safety & T h o m a s Shand , Insurance Services Office Health Administration (Alternate to M.B . (Alternate to E. Kiefer) Moore) l ~ c h a r d ~ u t h e r e , American Petroleum

W. S. Marsh , Factory Mutual Resesreh Ins t i tu t e (Alternate to A. F. Dyer) Corp. (Alternate to J. D. Coons)

Nonvot ing

Michael B. Moore, Occupational Safety & Health Admn.

tNonvoting

*Vote limited to Chapter 4 on NFPA 30

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition• Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred.

FL-3 R E P O R T OF C O M M I T T E E ON FLAMMABLE" L I Q U I D S - • R E P O R T OF C O M M I T T E E ON F L A M M A B L E L I Q U I D S FL-4

Sect iona l C o m m i t t e e on M a i n t e n a n c e and Repair

Donald M. Johnson , Chairman . Standard Oil Co. of Califorifia, 555 Market St., San Francisco, CA 94105

(rep. Western Oil & Gas Association)

Miles E. Woodworth,~ ,secretary National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210

J. A. Cedervall , Underwriters Laboratories Felix P. Raczak, Fire Marshals Association Inc. of North America

Joe Eager, Fire" Marshals Association of O . M . Slye, American Petroleum Institute North America

Paul M. H e l m , Stoughton, MA Bur ton L. Weller, Nat'l Oil Jobbers Council H. J. Kolodner , Manufacturing Chemists' Pat . R. Wrigley, National Petroleum Re-

Assn. finers Assn.

Al t e rna tes

R. D. Lynch , National Fuel Institute J . F . McKenna , American Petroleum In- (Alternate to B. Weller) stitute (Alternate to O. M. Slye)

tNonvoting

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred.

f

Committee on Fire Hazards of Materials

Dr. W. H. L. Dorne t t e , Chairman The Cleveland Cfinic, Division of Anesthesiology

2020 East 93rd St., Cleveland, OH 44106

Miles E. Woodwor th t , Secrftarl/ , NationM Fire Protection Association

470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210

M a t h e w M. Braidech, NFPA Committee on Chemicals & Explosives

W. H. Doyle, Simsbury, CT A. F. Dyer', American Petroleum Institute R. M. Graz iano , Bureau of Explosives,

Association of American Railroads Samue l A. Kap lan , American Insurance

Association. R icha rd J. Lewis, St., National Institute

for Occupational Safety & Health' Dr. J a m e s E. Long, American Industrial

Hygiene Association J o h n Mark, National Safety Council H. H. McIn ty re , H. MeIntyre Associates

J o h n Neubauer , Naval Supply System Command ,

E. A. Olsen, Compressed Gas Assn., Inc. F e n m o r e R. Seton, NFPA Industrial Fire

Protection Section Rober t B. Smi th , Fire Marshals Associ-

ation of North America R. I. Spencer , Industrial Risk Insurers M. E. S u th e r l an d , Manufacturing Chem-

ists' Association Dr. Rober t W. Van Dolah, Bureau of

Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior J. E. Wallis, Underwriters Laboratories In~., Donald P. YuellI8,' Fire Marshals Associ-

ation of North America

Al te rna tes

Dr. G ' e n H . D ~ m c n , U_.S.Bu_re, a u of Mines J . F . M c K e n n a , American Petroleum In-" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,~u ~Vm.j si, ii, u~e (Alternate to A. F. Dyer)

John A. Davenport, Industrial Risk P.J. Student, Bureau of Explosives, Assn. Insurers (Alternate to R. l. Spencerl of American Railroads (Alternate to R. M.

Graziano)

tNonvoting

Thin list repreeente the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. ,Since that time, changes in the membership may ha~e occurred. .

The report of the Committee on Flammable Liquids is presented in 4 parts:

Par t I, prepared by the Sectional Committee on Classification, Labeling and Properties of Flammable Liquids, proposes adoption of a revision to the Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids, NFPA No. 325M-1969 edition.

Par t I has been submitted to letter ballot of the Sectional Committee on Classification, Labeling and-Properties oJ Flammable Liquids, which consists of 14 voting members, of whom 12 voted affrmatively, 1 member recorded as not voting (Mr. Thompson) and / did not return a ballot (Mr. Wrigley).

Par t I has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Flammable Liquids " Correlating Committee, which consists of 7 voting members of whom 7 voted affirmatively.

Par t I also .has been submitted to letter ballot of t'he Committee on Fire Hazards of Materials for letter ballot only on the Suggested Hazard Identi-

• fication.

The Committee on Fire Hazards of Materials consists of 18 voting members of whom 14 voted affrmatively, 2 did not return a. ballot (Messrs. Lewis, Van Dolah), and 2 recorded as not voting (Mr. Olsen, Mr. Seton). ',4

FL-5 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

Par t II , prepared by the Sectional Committee on General Stor- age of Flammable Liquids, proposes adoption of amendments to the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA No. 30- 1976 edition.

Par t I I has been submitted to letter ballot of the Sectional Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids, which consists of 31 voting members of whom 26 voted affirmatively, 3 voted negatively, I recorded as not voting (Mr. Cedervall), and 1 did not return a ballot (Chief Fother- gill).

Par t I I also has been submitted to letter ballot of the Flammable Liquids Correlating Committee, which consists of 7 voting members of whom 7 voted affrmativel),.

Par t III , prepared by the Sectional Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids, proposes adoption of amendments to the Standard for the Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids on Farms and Isolated Construction Projects, NFPA No. 395-1972 edition.

Pa r t I I I has been submitted to letter ballot of the Sectional Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids, which consists of 30 voting members of whom 28 voted affirmatively, 1 voted negatively (Mr. Glab), and 1 recorded as not voting (Capt. McDonald).

Par t I I I also has been submitted to letter ballot of the Flammable Liquids Correlating Committee, which consists of 7 voting members of whom 7 voted a.[firmativel.v.

Par t IV, prepared by the Sectional Committee on Maintenance and Repair, proposes adoption of amendments to the Recom- mended Practice on Underground Leakage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids, NFPA No. 329-1972 edition.

Par t IV has been submittedto letter ballot of the Sectional Committee on Maintenance and Repa#, which consists of 8 voting members of whom 7 voted affirmatively and 1 did not return a ballot (Mr. Wrigley).

Par t IV also has been submitted to letter ballot of the Flammable Liquids Correlating Committee, which consists of 7 voting members of whom 7 voted qff~rmatively.

REVISIONS 'TO NFPA 3 2 5 M 325M-1

Part I

Proposed Revisions to the Fire Hazard Properties of

Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids

N F P A N o . 3 2 5 M - - 1 9 6 9 '

1. Add the following list of chemicals to the 1969 edition of NFPA No. 325M; insert Celsius equivalents to the Fahrenheit degrees in the existing listing; and correct typographical errors and changes in some existing data based upon new information.

t ~ 0

SUGGESTED ' FLAMMABLE Vapor HAZARD

FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Denslly BOILING EXTINGUISHING IDENTIFICATION POINT TEMP. Percent by Yol. (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flamma- Reac- °F(°C) °F(°C) Lower Upper = 1) = I ) °F(°C) Soluble See Intro. Health btlity t iv i ty

Acetoacet--para--Phenetide 325 1.0-J- Decomposes Water or foam may 2 1 1 CHsCOCHzCONHC6H4- (163) cause frothing. "J

OCHzCH 3 . Note: Melting point 210-219 (99-104).

Acetoacet- -or th~Tolu id ide 320 Decomposes Water or foam may 2 1 ] CH3COCHzCONHC6H4CH3 (160) cause frothing.

Note: Melting point 214 (I 01 )

Adipanitrile 200 . 1.0-- 563 Slight. "Alcohol" foam. 2 2 0 NC (CHz) 4CN' 93) (29.5)

(oc) Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.

Adipoyl Chloride 162 257-262 "Alcohol" foam. 2 2 (-- CHzCHzCOCI) z (72) ( 125-128 (Adipyl Chloride) 11 mm

I t,O

i o

AI ly l Acetate 72 705 0.9 3.45 219 • No "Alcohol" foam. 1 3 0 CH3COCHzCH:CH z (22) (374) (104) Water may be

(oc) ineffective.

AUyl Caproate 150 0.9 367-370 No "Alcohol" foam. I 2 0 CH 3 (CHz) 4COOCHzCH~CH z (66) (186-188) (Allyl Hexanoate) (2--Propenyl Hexanaate)

AI Iy I Trichlorosilane 95 1.2 6.05 243 Water may he 3 3 2~" CHz:CHCHzSICI 3 (35) (117.5) ineffective.

(oc)

3-.-Aminopropanol 175 <~ 1.0 363-367 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 3 2 " 0 HzN [CHz) 3OH (80) (184-186)

(oc)

Amyl Butyrate 135 0.9 5.46 365 No "Alcohol" foam. 1 2 0 C5HI IOOCC3H7 (57) (185)

Amylcyclohexane 462 0.8 395 1 0 CsH11C6HI I (239) (202)

O--Amyl Phenol 219 1.0-- ' 455-482 Slight /'Alcohol" foam. 2 1 0 CsHI 1C6H4OH (104) (235-250) Water or foam may

(oc) cause frothing.

Amyl Trlchlorosllane 145 I. ] 334 3 2 2W" CsHI i SiCI3 (63) (168)

Loc)

O--Anisldine 244 1.1 435 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 I 0 HzNC6H4OCH3 (118) (224) Water or foam may (2--Methoxyan.illne) (oc) cause frothing.

Azobisisobutyronitrile 147 Decomposes No 3 2 N:CC (CH~) zN:NC (CH3) zC:N (64)

Note: Melting point 221 (105).

~Benzoqu inone 100-200 1040 1.3 3.7 Sublimes No 1 2 1 CeH4Oz (38-93) (560) (Quinone)

• ~ Note: Melting point 234-237 (112-114).

Benzotrichloride 260 412 1.4 429 No Water or foam may 3 1 0 C6HsCCI3 (127) (21 I ) (221 } ca use frothing. (Toluene,a,a,a,--trlchforo) (Phenyl Chloroform)

Benzyl Cyanide 235 1.0-J- 452 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 1 C6HsCHzCN (113) (233.5) Water or foam may (Phenyf Acetonitrile) (oc) cause frothing. (Alpha--Talunitrile)

Benzyl Salicilale ~>212 - 1.2 406 No "Alcohol" foam. I 1 OHC6HaCOOCHzC6Hs (~" 100) (208) (Salycilic Acid Benzyl Ester)

Bil--Diethylene Glycol 405 1.1 500 "Alcohol" foam. 1 1 Monoethyl Ether (207) (260) Water or foam may Phlhalate cause frothing.

CI;H4 (COOCzH4OCzH4- OCzHs) z

770 0.9 2 I (410)

~Z

N, Nt--Bis - - ( l ' ,4--Dimethyl- 347 pen h/I) p-- Phenylenedia- (17.5) mine (oc)

C6H 4 [NHCH (CH3) CHzCHz- CH (CH3) z ]z

"Alcohol" foam. Water or foam may cause frothing.

0

0

0

0 b,)

60£

SUGGESTED HAZARD

IDENTIFICATION FLAMMABLE Vapor

FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING EXTINGUISHING POINT TEMP. Percent by Vo]. (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Fiommo- Reoc- °F(°C) °F(°C) Lower Upper = I) = I) °F(°C) Soluble See Intro. Health bUity t iv i ty

2--Butanethial ~ I 0 0.8 3.1 I ] 85 No "A(cohol" foam. 2 3 0 C4HgSH (-- 23) (85) Water may be (sec-Butyl Mercaptan) ineffective.

Butylcyclohexane ' 475 0.8 352-356 0 0 C4HgC6H! I (246) (178-180) (1--Cyclohexylbutane)

sec--Butylcyclohexane 531 0.8 351 0 0 CH3CHzCH (CH3) C6HI 1 (277) (177) (2--Cyclohexylbutane)

ler t--Butylcyclohexane 6~18 0.8 333-336 0 0 (CH~) 3CC6Hi I , [342) ~167-169)

Butylcyclopentane 480 0.8 314 0 0 C4Hs, CsH9 (250) (157)

1,2--Butylene Oxide 5 959 3.1 . 25~I 0.8 2.49 145 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 2 3 2 HzCOCHCHzCH3 (m 15) (515) (63) Water may be

ineffective. Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.

N--Butyl Isocyanate <80 0.9 3.00 115 Slight "Alcohol" foam• ' 3 2 2 CH3 (CHz) 3NCO (< 26.7) " (46) (Butyl Isocyanate) (oc)

Camphor 150 87I 0.6 3.5 1.0-- 5.24 399 No 0 2 0 CIoH160 (66) (466) (204) (Gum Camphor)

p~Chlorobenzaldehyde, 190 ].2 417 Slight "AIcohoY' foam. 2 CIC6H4CHO (88) (214)

• Note: Melting point J.14 (46).

CitraI 195 , 0.9 . 197-199 No ""Alcohol" foam. 0 (CH3) zC:CH (CHz) zC (CH3) : (9 I) (92-93)

CHCHO (3,7~Dimethyl-- 2,6---Octa-

dienal) (Geronial)

¢J1

I

L~

3

L< 20/! 2 0

Citronellel 165 0.9 I 17 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 0 ' (CH3) zC:CH (CHz) zCH (CH3)- (74) (47)

CH2CHO ( 3, 7~Dimethyl-- 6--Oct enal) (Rhodlnal)

Citrone|lol 205 0.85 227 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 (CH3) zC:CH (CHz) zCH (CH3)- (96) (108.4)

(CHz) zOH ( 3,7~ Dim ethyl-- 6~oct en

- - I - - o i )

p--Cresyl Acetate 195 1.1 "Alcohol" foam. 1 2 0 CH3C6H4OCOCH 3 '(91) ( ~ T o l y l Acetate)

Cyclamen Aldehyde 190 1.0-- "Alcohol" foam. 2 0 (CH3) zCHC6H4CH (CH3) CHz- (88)

CHO (Methyl.pora--lsoprapyl

Phenyl Propyl Aldehyde)

1,5,9--Cycludodecatriene 160 0.9 448 No 2 0 C~zHre 17]) (231)

1,4--Cyclohexane 332 600" 1 .0 - 525 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 0 Oimethanol (I 67) (316) (274) Water or foam may

C8HI6Oz cause frothing. / (CHDMI

Cyclohexanethio] I ] 0 0.95 4.00 315-3 ] 9 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 0 C6H11SH (43) (157-159'1 (Cydohexylmercaptan~

1,5--Cyclooctadiene 95 0.9 3.66 304 No Water may be 3 0 CBH10 (35) (151 ) c ineffective.

Cyclopentene -- 20 743 . 0.8 2.35 I 11 Water may be 1 3 1 CH:CHCHzCHzCHz (-- 29) (395) (44) ineffective.

Decaborane 176 0.9 416 Slight BtoHt 4 (80) (213)

Note: Melting point 211.5 (100). Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.

4 2 I I

Off

FLASH IGNITION POINT TEMP. °F(°C) °F (°C)

Dehydroacetic Acid 315 CH~C:CHC (O)- (I 57)

L - - CH (COCH3) C (O) O (oc)

I (DHA) (Methylacetopyranone) ' '

FLAMMABLE LIMITS

Percent by Vol. Lower Upper

Sp. Gr. (Water = 1 )

Vapor I)ensity

(Air --11

BOILING POINT °F (°C)

SUGGESTED HAZARD

EXTINGUISHING IDENTIFICATION Water METHOD Flamma- Reac-

Soluble See Intro. Health bility tivity

690 (3661

518 (270)

No Water or foam may cause froth n~

I 1 0

Note: Melting point 228-232 ( 109-111 ).

Dlbutoxy Ethyl Phthalate 407 1.1 437 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 CeH4(COOCzH4OC4Hg) z (208) (225) Water or foam may


2 ,5~Di - - te r t - -Buty lhydro- 420 ., 790 No Water or foam may 1 1 0 quinone (216) (421) cause frothing.

[C (CH3) 3 ]zC6H2 (OH) z (oc) (DTBHQ)

Note: Melting point 410 (2101.

N ,N l - -O i - - ce~Bu l y l - - p ~ 270 625 0.6(~ 0.9 "Alcohol" foam. 2 1 0 Phenylenediamine (132) (329) 329 Water or foam may

Cell4 J-NHCH (CH3)- cause frothing. CHzCH3]z

n--Dibuty l Tartrate 195 544 1.1 650 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 0 (COOC4H91 z (CHOH) z (91) (284) (343) (Dibutyl-- d-~- 2, 3 ,~ Di-

hydroxybutanedloate)

2,3~Dichlorobutadiene--l,3 50 694 1.0 12.0 1.2 4.24 212 No Water nlay be 3 "3 CHz:C (CI) C (CI) :CHz (I 0) (368) (I 00) ineffective. "

1,3---Dichloro--2--Butene 80 1.2 4.31 262 No Water may be 3 3 CHzCICH:CCICH 3 (27) ( 128) effective.

3 ,4~Oich lo robu ten~ 1 I 13 1.1 4.31 316 . 3 2 CHzCICHCICHCHz (45) (158)

2,21--Oichloroethyl Ether 1.2 4.93 352 ~ 2 2 0 CICHzCHzOCHzCHzCI [178)

t ~ ~n

I

3

©

2

2

131 696 (55) (369) Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.

No "Alcohol" foam.

Di - -2- -Ethy lbuty l Phtholale 381 1.0-~- 662 No "Alcohol" foam. , 0 I 0 CeH4[COOCHzCH(CzHs) z]z (1941 (350) Water or foam may

(oc) cause frothing .

Diefhyl Corbornyl Chloride 32,5-342 369-374 Yes , t'Alcohol" foam. 2 1 (CzHs) zNCOCI (I 63-172) ( 187-190) Water or foa m may


Diethylene Glycol n--Butyl 230 A42 1.0-- 448 * Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 " 1 0 Ether (I 10) (228) (2311 Water or foam may

C4H9OC2H4OC2H4OH (oc) cause frothing. (Butoxy Diethylene G!ycol)

Oiethylene Glycol Dibulyl 245 590 0.9 493 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 1 1 0 - Ether. (118) (310) (256) Water or fo~m may C4H90 (CzH40) zC4H9 cause frothing. " (Oibutoxy Diethylene Glycol ,

153 0.95 324 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 2 (67) (162)

Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl ,,~ Ether

CH3OCHzCHzOCHz- " , CHzOCH3

Dlethylene Glycol Ethyl Ether 20,5 1.0-- 396 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 1 CzHsOCzH4OCzH4OH (96) (202)

(oc)

Dlethylene Glycol Monobutyl 240 570 0.76 10.7 1.0-- 476 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 1 1 Ether Acetate (116) (298.9) (247) Water or foam n~ay

C4H90 (CHz) zO (CHz) z" cause frothing. OOCCH3 *

Diethylene Glycol Monoiso- 222 4,52-485 0.98 10.7 1.0-- 422-437 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 I butyl Elher (106) 233-252) (217-225) . Water or foam may

(CH3) zCHCHzO (CH2) 2~ cause frothing. O(CHz) zOH

Dlethylene Glycol 205 1.0--~- 381 Yes "Alcohol" foam. I I Monomethyl Ether (96) (194)

CH30 (CHz) O (CHz) zOH' (oc)

1.03 581 1 I (305)

Diethylene Glycol Mona-- 310 Methyl Ether Formal (154)

.CHz (CH3OCHzCHzOCHz- (oc) CHzO) Z \

Yes "Alcohol" foam. Water or foam may .cause frothing.

©

0 "

0 Co

0

0

0 ~

I

lll

SUGGESTED HAZARD

IDENTIFICATION FLAMMABLE Vapor

FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Densily BOILING EXTINGUISHING POINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flamma- Reac- °F(°C) °F(°C) Lower Upper = 1) = 1) °F(°C) Soluble See Intro. Health bil ity t iv i ty

Di~2--Ethylhexyl Adipate 38,5 0.9 783 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 I 0 C4H8 [COOCHzCH (C2Hs)- (I 96) (417) Water or foam may

C4H9 ]z cause frothing. (Dioctyl Adipate) {DOA)

Diisobutylene 23 736 0.8 4.8 0.7 3.87 214 Water may be I 3 0 (CHs) 3CCHzC (CH3):CHz (-- 5) (391) (101) ineffective. (204,4--Trirhethyl~l z -

Pentane)

Dilsobutyl Phthalate 365 8'10 0.4 1.0-{- 621 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 I 0 Cell4 [COOCHzCH (CH3) 2 ]2 (185) (432) ~.448 (327) Water or foam may


Diisodecyl Phthalate 45"0 75.5 0.3(~ 1.0-- 482 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 CeH4(COOCIoHzl)z (232) (402) 508 (250) Water or foam may


2,5--Dimethuxyanil lne 302 735 518 Yes Water or foam may 2 1 0 NHzCeHs (OCH3} z ( 150) (391 ) (270} cause frothing.

(oc) Note: Melting point ! 56-163 (69-73).

Oimethoxyelhyl Phthalate 410 750 0.7~, 1.2 644 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 I 0 C6H4 (COOCHzCHzOCH3) z (210) (399) 440 (340) Water or foam may iBis (2-methoxyethyl) (oc) (227) cause frothing.

Phthalate]

Dimethylacetamide 158 914 1.8 I 1.5 1.0 330 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 2 2 0 (CH3) zNC:OCH3 (70) (4901 ~212 ~.320 ( f 65) (DMAC) (oc)

Olmethyl Anthranilate 195 ' 1.1 1 2' 0 CH3OOCC6H4NHCH~ (91) (N--Methyl Methyl

Anthranilate)

Dimethylben xylcarblnyl 205 1.0-- i " 1 0 Acetate (96)

CeHsCHzC (CH3) zOOCCH~ (alpha, alpha~Dimethyl-

phenethyl Acetate) Note: Melting point 84-86 (29-30).

1,2--Dimethylcyclohexane 579 0.8 3.87 260 No 0 0 (CH3) zC6HIc, (304) (1271

1,3~Dimelhylcyclohexane ,~J50 583 0.8 3.87 ~.~256 No ' Water may be 0 3 0 j (CH3) zCsH10 (I 0) (306) (124) ineffective. (Hexahydroxylene)

Dimethyl--o,o--Dichloro- - '350 248 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 3 1 vinyl--2,2mPhosphate (177) (120) Water or foam may (Technical) (oc) ~ 1 4 mm cause frothing.

(CHsO) zP (O) OCH:CCI z (DDVP)

Oimethylisophthalate 280 No Water or foam may 0 1 0 CH3OOCC6H4COC)CH3 ( 138) cause frothing.

Note: Melting point 153-154 (67-68).

Dimethyl Sehacale 293 1.0-- 565 Water or foam may 0 1 0 [-- (CH2) 4COOCHs ]2 (145) (296) cause frothing. (Methyl Sebacate) (oc)

Note: Melting Point 76 (24).

Dimethyl Terephthalate 308 965 543 No "Alcohol" foam. 1 1 0 CeH4(COOCHs)z . (153) (518) (284) Water or foam may (Dimethyl-- t ,4--Benzen~ (ac) cause frothing.

dlcarboxylate) (DMT)

Dioctyl Adipate, 402 710 0.4~ 0.9 680 No "Alcohol" foam, 0 J 0 [-- (CHz) zCOOCH2- (206) (377) 467 (360) Water or foam may

CH (CzHs) C4--Hg]z (oc) (242) cause frothing. IBis (2--Ethylhexyl)

Adipate] [Di (2--Ethylhexyl) Adipate']

Dioctyl Azelete 440 705 0.3~. 0.9 709 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 (CHz)7[COOCH2CH(CzHs)- (227) (374) 510 (376) Water or foam may

C4Hg]z (oc) (266) cause frothing. iBis (2--Ethylhexyl) Azelate ] [Di (2~Ethylhexyl) Azelate ]

Diphenyldichloro$ilane 288 1.2 581 Yes Water or foam may 3 1 0 (C6Hs) zSiCIz (142) (305) cause frothing.

Dodecyl Benzene (Crude) 285 0.9 554-770 No Water or foam may 1 1 0 CeHsC~2Hzs (290-410) cause frothing. (Alkane) (Detergent Alkylate)

SUGGESTED HAZARD

IDENTIFICATIOI~I FLAMMABLE Vapor

FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING ~ EXTINGUISHING POINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flamma- I |eac- °F(°C! °F(°C) Lower Upper = 1) = 11 °F(°C) Soluble See Inlro. Health bi l i ty I iv l ty

4 - -Dodecy loxy- -2~Hydroxy- 498 715 No Water or foam may 1 0 Benzophenone (254) (379) cause frothing.

CzsH3403 Note: Melting poleS' 109 (43).

Ethylbenzylanlline 284 <~932 T.O-t- 594 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 1 0 C6HsN (CzH5) CHzC6Hs (I 40) (500) (312) Water or foam may

(oc) Slight cause frothing. decamp. •

Ethyl Caproate 120 0.9 4.97 333 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 CsHI ICOOCzHs (49) (167) (Ethyl Hexoate) (Ethyl Hexanoate)

Ethyl Caprylate 175 0.9 405-408 No "Alcohol" foa'n. 2 CH3 (CHz) 6COOCzHs (79) (207-209) (Ethyl Octoate) (Ethyl Octanoatel

Ethyl Deconoate ~>212 .0.9 469 . No "Alcohol" foam. 0 C9H19COOCzHs (;> 1001 (243) (Ethyl Cap0"ate)

Ethyl Dichlorasilane 30 1.1 4 . 4 5 168 Yes Water may be 3 CzHsSiHCIz (-- I ) (75.5) ineffective.

i

Ethylene Glycol Dll, utyl 185 0.8 399 . No "Alcohol" foam. I Ether "~. (85) (204)

C4HgOCzHdOC¢H9

Ethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether 95 406 0.8 4.07 251 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 1 CzHsOCHzCHzOCzHs (35) (122) Water may be

(oc) ineffective.

Ethylene Glycol Ethylbutyl 180 0.9 386 No "Alcohol" foam. 1 Ether (85) (I 97)

(CzHs) 2CHCHzOCHzCHzOH (oc)

2 0

3,

2 0 " L~

1 0 ~

3 0

2 0 ~

3 o ~ 0"/

2 0

Ethylene Glycol Ethylhexyl 230 0.9 442 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 Ether (110) (228) Water or foam may

C4HgCH (CzHs) CHzOCHz- (oc) cause frothing• CHzOH

Ethylene Glycol Isopropyl 92 0.9 3.58 289 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 3 0 Ether (33) (143) Water may be

(CH3) zCHOCHzCHzOH (oc) ineffeCtive.

Ethylene Glycol Mona- 220 1.1 410 Yes "Alcohol" foam. • 2 I 1 acrylate . (I 04) " (210) Water or foam may

CHz:CHCOOCzH4OH (oc) cause frothing. (2~Hydroxyethylacrylate)

Ethylene Glycol Mona° 265 665 1. I 493 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 I benzyl Ether (I 29) (352) (256) Water or foam may

CGHsCHzOCHzCHzOH (oc) cause frothing.

Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl 143 460 1.?~ 12.7(~ 0.9 4.1 340 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 2 2 Ether (62) (238) 200 275 (171)

C4H90 (CH2) zOH (93) (I 35) (2--Butoxyethanol),

Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl 160 645 0.88~ 8.54~ 0.9 377 No "Alcohol" foam. 1 2 Ether Acetate (71) (340) 200 275 (192)

C4H90 (CHz) zOOCCH3 (93) (135)

Ethylene Glycol M0noethyl 124 715 !.7 1.0-- 4.72 313 Yes. "Alcohol" foam. I 2 Ether Acetate (52) (379) (I 56)

CH3COOCHzCHzOCzHs (Cellosolve Acetate1

Ethylene Glycol Monolso° 136 540 1.2~ 9.4~ 0.9 4.1 316-323 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 2 2 butyl Ether (58) (282) 200 275 (158-1621

(CH3) zCHCHzOCHzCHzOH (93) (1351

Ethylene Glycol Mona- 200 1.0-- 405 Yes "Alcohol" foam. ) 2 methyl Ether Acetal (93) (207)

CH3CH (OCHzCHzOCH3) z (oc)

Ethylene Glycol Mona- 120 740 1.5~ 12.3~ 1.0-t- 4.1 293 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 2 methyl Ether Acetate (49) (392) 200 200 (I 45)

CH30 (CHz) zOOCCH3 (93) (93)

Ethylene Glycol Mona- 155 1.0-- 5.65 394 Yes "Alcohol" foam. I 2 methyl Ether Formal (68) (201)

CH z(OCHzCHzOCH3)z (oc) , ,

o

© 0

0 0

t~

f ig

FLASH POINT. °F (°C)

IGNITION TEMP. °F(°C)

FLAMMABLE LIMITS

Percent by Vol. Lower Upper

SUGGESTED Vapor HAZARD

Sp. Gr. Density" BOILING EXTINGUISHING IDENTIFICATION (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flamma- Reac- = 1) = 1) °F(°C) Soluble See Intro. Health billty tlvlty

2~Ethylisohexanol (CH3) zCHCHzCH (CzHs)-

CHzOH (2~Ethyl Isohexyl Alcohol) (2--Ethyl~4~Methyl

Pentanol)

158 600 (70) (316)

0.8 343-358 I 2 (173-181)

Ethyl Phenylacetete 210 CeHsCHzCOOCzHs (99)

1.0+ 529 No 0 I (276)

Formamide 310 1.1 410 Yes Water or foam may 2 I HCON Hz ( 154) (210) cause frothing.

(oc) Decomposes

Geraniol ~> 212 0.9 446 (CH3) zC:CH (CHz) z" (~> 100) (230)

C (CH3) :CHCHzOH (trans-- 3,7--Dimethyl~ 2e6--

Octadien~l~ol)

No "Alcohol" foam. 0 I 0

Geranyl Acetate ~ 212 CH3COOCI oH, 7 (> 100] (Geranlol Acetate)

0.9 468-473 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 I 0 (242-245)

Geranyl Butyrate ) 212 0.9 304 C3H7COOCIoH17 (> 100) (151) (Geraniol Butyrate)

No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0

Geranyl Formate 185 0.9 235 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 0 HCOOC10H17 (85) (113) (Geraniol Formate)

Geranyl Propionate ~> 212 0.9 "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 CzHsCOOC10HI7 (~> 100) (Geraniol Propionate) '

Glyceryl Tributyrate 356 765 0.5~ 1.0+ 597 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 C3Hs (OOCC3H7} 3 (I 80) (407) 406 (3141 Water or foam may (Tributyrln) (oc) • (208) cause frothing. (Butyrin) (Glycerol Tributyrate)

I

©

©

©

>

>

g

Glyceryl Tripropionate 332 790 0.8~ 1.1 540 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 (CzHsCOO) 3C3Hs (167) (421 ) 367 (2821 Water or foam may (Tripropionin) (oc) cause frothing.

Glycol Dimercaptoacetate 396 "1.3 280 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 1 0 (HSCHzC:OOCHz--) z (202) (138) Water or foam may (GDMA) 1.2 mm cause frothing.

3~Heptene (mixed cis and 21 0.7 3.39 203 No Water may be 0 3 0 trans) (-- 6) (95) ineffective.

C3H7CH:CHCzCs (3~Heptylene)

Hexadecyltrichlorosilane 295 1.0-- 516 Yes Water or foam may 3 1 0 CI 6H33SICI3 (146) (269) cause frothing.

3~HexenoI--Cis 130 0.85 3.45 313 Slight "Alcohol" foam. I 2 0 CH3CHzCH:CHCHzCHzOH (54) (I 56) (3~Hexen--I~ol) (Leaf Alcohol)

Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde >212 1.0-- 486 "Alcohol" foam. 1 0 Cell13C (CHO) :CHCeH s (> 100) (252) (Hexyl Cinnamaldehyde)

Hydrindane 565 0.9 31 B "Alcohol" foam. 0 C9H16 (296) (159) (Hexahydrolndane) (Octahydrolndene)

Hydroquinone 329 9~0 1.3 547 No • "Alcohol" foam. 2 1 0 C6H4 (OH) z (165) (516) (286) Water or foam may (HQ) cause frothing. (Qulnol) (Hydroqulnol)

Hydroquinone Of--(beta--" 435 875 365-392 ~ Slight Water or foam may 1 .0 Hydroxyethyl) Ether (224) (468) 0.3 mm cause frothing.

C6H4 ( -- OCHzCHzOH) z "" (185-200) Note: Melting point 201-205 (94-96).

Hydroquinone Monomethyl 270 790 1.5 475 No Water or foam may 1 0 Ether (I 32} (42 I) (246) cause frothing.

CH3OC6H4OH (oc) l (HQMME) ( 4~Methoxy Phenol) (Para--Hydroxyanisole) Note: Metting point 126 (52).

0

C~

t l l i ;

FLAMMABLE Vapor FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density POINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Air °F (°C) °F (°C) Lower Upper = I) =: 1)

SUGGESTED H A Z A R D

BOILING EXTINGUISHING IDENTIFICATION POINT Water METHOD Flammo- Rq~ac- °F(°C) Soluble See Intro. . Health bility tivity

Hydroxycitronellal • (CH3) zC (OH) (CHz) 3"

CH (CH3) CHzCHO .(Citronellal Hydrate) (3,7~dlmethyf-- 7~hydroxy-

octanal)

>212 , (> 100)

Ionone Alpha (a-- lonone) >212 C(CH3 zCHzCHzCH:C CH3 (>100) l

CHCH:CHC 1CH3) :0 (a-- Cycloclt rylid enea cetone) [ 4~ (2,6,6--Trlmethyl - - 2--Cydohexen-- 1--yl)~ 3--Buten-- 2--one ]

Ionone Beta ' (B--Ionone) C (CH3) zCHzCHzCH z-

C (CH3) :CCHCHC (CH3) :O_ (B--Cyclocltrylidene-

acetone) [ 4-- (2,6,6~Trimethyl-- I - -

Cyclohe xen-- l--yl)-- 3---.. Buten-- 2--one]

Isobutyl Isobutyrate (CH3) zCHCOOCHz-

CH (CH~) z

0.9 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 1" 0 201-205 (94-96) ~ I m m

0.9 259-262 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 1 0 (126-128) (~12 mm

>212 0.9 284 No ' "Alcohol" foam. 1 0 (>100) (140)

(ff~l 8 mm ?

Isobornyl Acetate 190 1.0-- 428-435 No "Alcohol" foam• 1 2 0 CIoHI 7OOCCH.~ (88) (220-224)

Isobutyl Acrylate 86 800 "0.9 4.42 142-145 "Alcohol" foam. 1 3 1 (CH3) zCHCHzOOCCH:CHz (30) (427) 161-63) Water may be

(OC) ~ 1 5 mm ineffective.

Isohutylcyclohexane 525 0.8 336 ~ 0 0 (CH3) zCHCHzC6H11 (274) (169)

Isobutyl Heptyl Ketone 195 770 0,8 412-426 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 2 0 (CH3) zCHCHzCOCHz- (91) 1410) (211 ~219)

CH (CH3) CHzCH (CH3) z (oc) ( 2,6,8~Trimethyl-- 4--Non-

anone)

101 810 0.96 7.59 0.9 4.97 291-304 No "Alcohol" foam• * 0 2 3 (38) (432). 144-151)

©

©

Isobutyl Phenylacetate > 212 1.0 477 ' "Alcohol" foam. 0' 1 0 (CH3) zCHCHzOOCCHzC6Hs (> 100) 1247)

Isobutyronitrile / 47 900 0.8 :.).38 214-216 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 3 3 0 (CH3) zCHCN (8) (482) (101-102) Water may be (2~Methylpropanenitrile) ineffective.

, (Isopropylcyanide)

Isoevgenol > 212 1.1 ~ 514 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 (CH3CHCH) CeH3OH(~CH3 (>100) (268) (1--Hydroxy-- 2~Methoxy--

4~Propenylbenzene)

< 0 1.0 6.0 0.7 3.45 194 •Water may be 0 3 0 (-- 18) (90) " ineffective.

Isoheptane (CH~) zCHC4H9

: (2--Methylhexane) (Ethyl- isobutylmethane)

' Isooctene " 40 784 (CH3) zCHCHzC (CH3) 3 (4.5) 1418) (2,2,4--Trimethylpentane) (oc)

"No

0.7 :3.94 210 No Water may be" 0 3 0 (99) ineffective• i Isooctenes <20 0.7 :i.87 190-200 Water may be 0 3 0

CsHte (-- 7) (88-93) ineffective.

Isooctyl Alcohol 180 0.8 83-91 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 / 0 . C7HI sCHzOH (82) (182-195)

(Isooctanof) (oc1

Isopentaldehydo 48 0.8 :.).97 250 Slight ;'Alcohol" foam. 2 3 0 "(CH3) zCHCHzCHO (9) (121) Water may be

(ac) ineffective.

Isopentanoic Acid 781 " 0.9 361 No 1 / 0 (CH3) zCHCHzCOOH (416) (I 83) ( sovaler c Acid)

Isopropylcyclohexane 541 0.8 310 1 0 (CH3) zCHC6HI I (283) (154.5) (Hexahydrocumene) (Normanthane)

160 0.9 383-390 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 0 (71) (I 95- I 99)

Linalool (Ex Bois de Rose; Synthetic)

(CH3) zC:CHCHzCHzC (CH3)- OHCA:CHz

( 3 7--Dimethylu 1,6~OCta- d i e n ~ 3 ~ 0 1

C~

FLAMMABLE SUGGESTED FLA;~H IGNITION LIMITS Vapor HAZARD

Sp. Gr. Density BOILING EXTINGUISHING IDENTIFICATION POINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (W~er (Air POINT Water METHOD Flamma- Reac- °F (°CI °F (°C) Lower Upper -- =1) ~ °F ( °C) Soluble See Intro. Health bility tivity

Lynalyl Acetate (Ex Bois de 185 0.9 226-230 No "Alcohol" foam. Rose; Synthetic) (85) 2 0

(CH3) zC:CHCHzCHz- ( ! 08-110) C (--OOCCH3) CH:CH z (8ergamot)

P-Methyl Acetophenone 205 1.0-- " 439 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 CH3C6H4COCH3 (96) (Methyl para--Tolyl Ketone) (226) (p--Acetotoluene)

Methyl Anthranilote > 212 1.2 275 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 HzNC6H4COzCH3 (> 100) (Methylmorth~Amino (~15 mm

Benzoate) (135) (Nevoli oil, Artificial)

© ~J

o Z

2~Methylbiphenyl 280 936 1.0-1- 492 2 0 CeHsCeH4CH3 (137) (502) (255)

(oc)

3~Meth~l(--2--Bufane~io( 37 0,85 3.$9 230 No "Arcohol" foam. 2 3 0 CsH11SH (3) ( 1 10) Water may be (sec--tsoamyl Mercaptan) (ocl ineFFective. "

2~Methylbutyraldehyde 49 0.8 2.97 198-199 No "Alcohol" foam. 1 3 1 CH]CHzCH(CH3) CHO (9) (92-931 Water may be

(oc) Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data. ineffective.

Metl~yl para~Cresol 140 1,0-- 4.21 "Alcohol" foam. 2 0 CH3C6H4OCH3 (60) (p--Methylanisole) (P--Cresyl Methyl Ether,

p--Methoxy Toluene)

MethyldJchlorosilane 15 > 600 6.0 55 1.1 3.97 106 Yes Water may be CH 3HSICIz ( -- 9) ( 316) { 41 ) ineffective.

Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data. 3 3 2W"

Methylenedianiline 428 1,1 748-750 Slight Water or foam may HzNCsH4CHzCsH4NHz (220) 3 | 0 (MDAt, (398-399) cause frothing. (para,pa raZ~Diamlnodi__ @78 mm

Phenylmethane) Noie: Melting point 198-199 (92-93).

Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime 156-170 0.9 3.0 306-307 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 2 0 CH]C (CzHs) :NOH (69-77) (I 52-153)

Methyl Eugenol 210 1.0-~- 196-203 No "Alcohol" foam. 1 0 CH30) zCsH3CHzCH:CHz (99) (9/-95)

(4--A yl-- 1,2--Dimethoxy. benzene~ /

(4~Allyl Veratrole) ( 1,2--D~methoxy-- 4---Allyl.

benzene) (Eugenyl Methyl Ether)

Methylheptenene 135 0.9 4.35 343-345 No "Alcohol" foam. I 2 0 (CH3) zC:CH (CHz) zCOCH3 (571 (173-174) (6--Methyl-- 5bHeptenm 2~

one)

Methyl Hepfine Carbonate 190 0.9 ""Alcohol" foam. CH3 (CHz) 4C:CCOOCH3 (88) 2 0 (Methyl 2--Octynoate)

Methyl Hexyl Ketone 125 0.8 4.41 344 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 0 CH3COCeH13 (52) (2--Octanone) (173.5)

Methyl Ionone >212 0.9 291 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 0 CI 4HzzO (> 100) [ 144) (Irene)

_ ~ | 6 m m

Methyl Isocyanate 19 994 5.3 26 1.0-- 1.97 102 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 2 3 3 ~ CH3NCO (--7) (534) (Methyl Carbonfmide~ (39)

Methyl Iso Eugenol > 2 | 2 1.1 504-507 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 ! 0 CH3CH:CHC~H3 (OCH3) z (~ 100) (Propenyl Guaiacol) ~262-264)

Methyl Phenylacetate 195 1.1 424 No "Alcohol" foam. C6HsCHzCOOCH3 (91) 0 2 0

(218)

L~

o

P'O

q CO [ '0

G.O

f

91f

SUGGESTED FLAMMABLE Vapor HAZARD

FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING EXTINGUISHING IDENTIFICATION POINT TEMP. Percent by Vol, (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flomma- Reac- °F(~C) °F(°C) Lower Upper = !) = I) °F(°C) Soluble See Intro. Health bi l i ty t iv l ty

Mefhylphenyl carblnol 200 1.0-~- 399 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 C6HsCH (CH3) OH (93) (204) (a--Methylbenzyl Alcohol) (Styralyl Alcohol) ( Phenyl~Methylco rbinol) (sec-Phenethyl Alcohol)

Methyl Phenyl Cmrbinyl 195 1.0-~- No "Alcohol" foam; 0 2 Acetate (91)

C6HsCH (CH3) OOCH3 (a--Methyl~Benzyl Acetate) (Styralyl Acetate) (sec--Phenylethyl Acetate) (Phenyl Methylca rl0inyl

Acetate)

Methyl Toluene Sultanate 306 315 No Water or foam may 2 I CH3CGH4SO3CH3 (152) (157) cause frothing.

(oc) ~ @8 mm Note: Melting point 75 (24).

2~Methylvaleraldehyde 62 390 0.8 3.45 240 "Alcohol" foam. I 3 , C6Ht 20 (17) (.199) (116) Water may be

ineffective.

Neopenlyl Glycol 265 750 1.1 410 Yes Water or foam may 1 1 HOCHzC (CH3) zCH2OH (129) (399) (210) cause frothing. (2,2--Dimethy~ 1,3 (oc)

Propanedlol) Note: Melting point 255-266 (124-130).

p---Nitroteluene 223 1.3 461 No Water or foam may 3 I NOzC6H4CH3 (I 06) ~ (238) cause frothlng.

Note: Melting point 125 (52). Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.

Nonene 78 0.7 4.35 270-290 No Water may be 0 3 C9H18 (26) (132-143) ineffective. (Nonylene) (oc)

tert-Nonyl Mercapten 154 0.9 5.53 370-385 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 .2 C9H19SH (68) ( 188-I 96) t~

(oc)

O

o

©

M

0

i)

0

2,5-~-Norbornadiene' - 6 0.9 3.17 193 No Water may be 3 I C7H8 (-- 21 ) { 89) ineffective. (NBD)

Octadecyltrichlorosilane 193 1.0 716 Yes 3 2 2 C18H3~SIC13 (89) (380) (Trichloroocta d ecylsilane)

ImOctanethiol 1.56 0.85 5.04 390 No "Alcohol" foam. 2 2 CsHI7SH . (69) (199) (n--Octyl Mercoptan) (oc)

~ O c t y l p h e n y l Salicylate 420 780 Water or foam may 1 I i) C21 H2603 (216) (416) cause frothing.

(od , Note: Melting point 162-165 (72-74).

1,3--Pentadiene (cis and -- 20 0.7 2.35 -- 45 No Water may be 0 4 2 Irons mix) ," (--29) (--43) effective.

CHz:CHCH:CHCH3 (Piperylene)

1,2,3,4, 5-- Pentemelhyl 200 800 est 0.9 449 No 2 0 Benzene 95cr~ (93) (427) (232)

C6H (CH3) S (Pentamethylbenzene)

Perhydrophenonthrene 475 0.9 187-192 C: 4Hz4 (246) (86-89) (Tetradecahydro

Phenanthrene)

1.1 Phenanthrene 340 (C6H4CH) 2 ( 17 I) (Phenanthrin) (oc)

Note: Malting point 212 (100).

644 No Water or foam may (340) cause frothing.

~ P h e n e l i d i n e 239 442-446 No "Alcohol" foam. HzNC6H4OCzHs (115) (228-230) Water or foam may 2 (2--Ethoxyaniline) {oc) cause frothing. (o--Amino-- Phenetole)

Phenylacetaldehyde . 160 1.0-J- 383 No "Alcohol" foam. 1 2 " 0 (C6HsCH2CHO (71) (195) (Alpha~Toluic Aldehyde)

Phenylacetic Acid ~>212 1.1 504 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 1 I 0 CeHsCH2COOH (~> 100) (262) (AlphamToluicAcid) Note:Meltlng point 169-171 (76-77).

0

I 0

SUGGESTED FLAMMABLE Vapor H A Z A R D

FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING EXTINGUIS'HING IDENTIFICATION POINT TEMP. Percent by Voh (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flumma- Reac- °F (°C) °F (°C) Lower Upper = 1) : 1) °F (°C) Soluble See Intro. Health bil i ty t iv i ty

Phenylpropyl Alcohol 212 1.0--~ 426 No "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 C6Hs (CHz) 3OH (100) (219) (Hydrocinnamic alcohol) ( 3 ~ Phenyl--I--propanol) (Phenylethyl Carblnol)

Phenyl Propyl Aldehyde 205 1.0+ "Alcohol" foam. 1 C6HsCHzCHzCHO (96) 13~Phenylpropionaldehyde} (Hydrocinnamic Aldehyde)

Polyethylene Glycols 360-S50 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 OH (CzHsO) nCzH4OH (182-287) Water or foam may

(oc) cause frolhing.

Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether > 200 0.95 " 0 1 C! zHzsO (OCHzCHz) nOH (> 93)

Polypropylene Glycols 390-460 "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 OH IC.~HsO)nCjHeOH 199-238) Water or foam may


Propylcyclohexano 478 0.8 313-315 0 • HTC3C6H! I 248 (156-157)

Propylcyclopenlane Sl 6 0.8 269 0 C3HTCsH9 (269) (131 ) (l~Cydopentylpropane)

Propyltrichlore~$ilane 98 1.2 6.12 254 Yes Water may be 3 3 (C3H7) SiCI3 (37) (123~5) ineffective.

Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.

Rhodinol > 212 0.9 237-239 No 0 1 CH2:C (CH3) (CH2) 3CH- (> 100) (114-I 15)

(CH3) (CH2) 2OH ~ 12 mm

Safrole . 212 1. I 451 No C;IHsCsH3OzCHz (100) ~ (233) ( 4~a I ly l~ 1,2~Methylene-

dloxy-benzene)

0

© 0

0

0 i o o

o

o

2W ~

o

0

Santalol >212 l.O-- ,'~-'572 No " . 1 0 Ct sHz40 (> 100) (r~,300) (Arheol)

Stearyl Alcohol " " 842 0.8 410 No 0 0 CH3 (CH2) 17OH (450) (210) (1--Octadecanol) ~ 15 mm

Note: Melting point 131 (SS).

Sulfolane 3S0 1.3 545 Yes Water or foam may 2 1 0 CHz (CH2) 3SOz " (177) (285) cause frothing. (Tetrahydrothiophene--- 1, I - - (oc)

Dioxide] (Tetramethylene Sulfohe)

l~lote: Melting point 81 (27).

Tannic Acid 390 980 Decomposes Yes Water or foam may 0 1 0 (Ha) 3CeHzCOzCeHz(OH)z- (199) . (527) 392 cause frothing.

COOH (o4:) (200) (Tannin) (Digalllc Acid)

Terephthalic Acid 500 925 1.5 Sublimes No Water or foam may 0 I CeH4 (COOH) z (260) (496) above cause frothing. (para--Phthalic Acid) (oc) 572 (TPA) (300) (Benzen~para--Di-

ca rboxylic Acid)

terephthateyl Chloride 356 498 Yes Water or foam may 3 1 (C6H4 (COCI) z (I 80) (259) cause frothing. (Terephthalyl Dichloride) (p--Phthalyl Dich/oride) / (I,4 8enzenedlcarbonyl

Chloride) " Note: Melting point 175 (79).

Terpineol 195 0.9 417-435 No 0 2 C10H1.;,OH (91) (214-224) (Terpilenol)

Terpinyl Acetate 200 1.0-- 428 Slight "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 CIoH17OOCCH3 (93) (220) Water or foam may

cause frothing.

tert-Tetradecyl Mercapten 250 0,9 496-532 "Alcohol" 2 1 C14HzgSH ' (121) (258-278) Water or foam may P

cause frothing.

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0

0

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$ 1 g

SUGGESTED FLAMMABLE Vapor HAZARD

FLASI~I IGNITION LIMITS 5p. Gr. Density BOILING EXTINGUISHING IDENTIFICATION POINT 'TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flamma- I~:eac- °F (°C) °F (°C) • Lower Upper = I) := 1) °F(°C) Soluble See Intro. Health bil i ty l iv i ty

Tetrafiuoroethylene Gas 392 10.0 50.0 1.5 3.87 -- 105 No 3 4 3 FzC:CFz (200) (-- 76) (TFE) {Ferfiuoroethylene)


endo-~-Tetrah ydrodicyclo- 523 0.9 379 0 pentadiene (273) (I 93)

CIoH16 (Trlcyclodecane)


1,1,3,3~Tetramethoxy- . 170 1.0-- 361 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 0 propane (77) (183)

[ (CH30) zCH ]zCHz

!,2, 3,4--Tetramethyl- 166 800 0.9 399-401 No 0 2 0 benzene 95% (74) est. (204-205)

CeHz (CHz) 4 (427) (Prehnitene)

1,2,3,5~Tetramethyl- 160 _ 800 0.9 387-389 No 0 2 0 benzene 85.5c7o (71) est. (197-198)

CeHz (CH3) 4 (427) (Isodurene)

1,2,4,5~Tetramethyl- 130 0.8~ 4.6 385 No 0 2 0 benzene 95% (54) 81 °C (I 96)

C6Hz (CH3)4" (Durene) .

Note= Melting point 174 (79).

Thiodiglycol 320 ;568 1.2 / 541 Yes Water or foam may 2 1 0 (CHzCHzOH) zS (I 60) (298) 283)1 cause frothing. (Thiodiethylene Glycol) ~ (Beta--bi~Hydroxyethyl

Sulfide) (Dihydroxyethyl Sulfide)

'p---Toluenesulfonic Acid 295 Yes Water or foam may 3 1 I C6H4 (SO3H) (CH3) (140) cause frothing.

(~20 mm

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363 (184)

Note: Melting point 220 (104.5).

. l

Toluhydroquinone 342 875 545 Yes Water or foam may I 0 C6H3 {OH) 2CH3 (172) (468) (285) cause.frothing (Methylhydroqulnone) (oc)


meta--Tolydiethanolamine 400 740 0.6 No Water or foam may 2 1 0 (HOCzH4) zNC6H4CH3 (204) (393) cause frothing.

, (MTDEA) (oc) Note~ Melting point 144 (62).

Tridecyl Alcohol 180 0.8 485-503 "Alcohol" foam. 0 2 0 ClzHzsCHzOH (82) (252-262) (Tri~lecanol) (oc)


'rriethylene Glycol Olacetate 345 h i 572 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 0 1 . 0 CH3COO (CHzCHzO) 3- (174) (300) Water or foam may

COCH3 (oc) cause frothing. (TDAC)

Triethyleneglycol Monobutyl 290 T.0-1- 270 Yes "Alcohol" foam. 0 I 0 Ether • (143) (132) Water or foam may '

C4H90 (CzH40) 3H cause frothing.

Triisopropylbenzene 207 0.9 495 No 0 I 0 C6H3 (CH3CHCH3) 3 (97) (237)

(oc)

1,2, 3.--Trimethylbenzene i28 895 0.9 4.1 347-351 No ~ 0 2 0 90.5% (53) (479) (175-177)

C6H3 (CH3) 3 (Hemlmellltlne 90.5%)

1,2,4---Trimethylbenzene 112 0.9 4.1 377 No 0 2 0 Cell3 (CH3) j (44) (169) (Pseudocumene)

1,3,5.-Trimethylbenzene 122 1039 0.9 4.1 328 No 0 2 0 C6H3 (CH3) 3 (50) , (559) "(164) (Mesitylene)

Trimethylchlorosilane -:- 18 0.9 3.75 135 Yes Water may be 3 3 2~* (CH3) 3SiCI (-- 28) (57) ineffective.

,597 0.8 283 0 0 (314) (139)

©

1,3, 5--Trlmethylcyclohexane (CH3) 3C6H9 (Hexahydromesltylene

SUGGESTED i FLAMMABLE Vapor HAZARD ~n" FLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING " EXTINGUISHING IDEhrrIFICATION POINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Air POINT Water METHOD Flamma- Reac- °F (°C) °F (°C) Lower Upper = I) = I) °F (°C) Soluble See Intro. Health bi l i ty t iv i ty

2 ,2 ,4 - -T r imethy l~ l ,3~ 235 65.5 0.9 419-455 No Water or foam may 0 1 0 Pentanediol (113) (346) (215-235) cause frothing.

(CH:~I zCHCH (OH) C (CHs| z- (oc)

CHzOH i Note: Melting point 11.5-131 (46-5.5).

0 2,2,4--Tr imethy l~ l ,3-~ 248 740 0.6@ 4.2@. 1.0-- 356-360 No Water or foam may 0 1 Pentanediol Isobutyrole (I 20) (393) 300 393 125 mm cause frothing.

(CH3) zCHCH (OH) C (CH3) z- (oc) (149) (201) (I 80-I 82) CHzOOCCH (CH3) z

Tripropyiene 75 0.7 4.35 271-288 Water may be 0 3 0 ~'~ C9HI 8 (24) (I 33-142) ;neffectlve. (Propylene Trimer| (oc~ ~

Trlpropylene Glycol 285 1.0-}- 514 Yes Water or foam may 0 I 0 H (OC3Hs) 3OH .. (l 41 ) ( 268) cause frothing.

Trlmethylolpropane 300 1.5 392 Water or foam may 0 I 0 Trlacrylate {149) (200) cause frothing.

CzHsC (CHzOCOCHCHz) 3 (oc)

Vinylbenzylchloride 220 1.1. 444 No Water or foam may 2 1 CICHzCGH4CH:CHz (I 04) (229) cause frothing.

(oc) _.<

2 Vinyl Toluene 123 921 0.8 I 1.0 0.9 4.08 No 2 2 CH3C6H4CH:CHz ' (51) (489) (Methyl Styrene)


Vinyl TricblorosiJone 70 1.3 5.61 195 Water may be 3 3 2 ~ CHz:CHSICI3 (21 ) (91 ) ineffective.

(oc)

t

30-1 COMMITTEE ON FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

Part II

Revisions to the

Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

N F P A N o . 3 0 - - 1 9 7 6

/. Add the Jollowing definitions to the definitions section in the proper alphabetical order:

GENERAL PURPOSE WAREHOUSE shall mean:

(a) A sep'arate, detached building, used only for warehousing type operations, or

(b) A building or portion of a building that is used for warehousing type operations and is cut off from other type occupancies uy a s . . . . . . . . . . . . wall or . . . . v' . . . . . . . . . , having . . . openings protected in accordance with the requirements of NFPA No. 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows.

NOTE: Warehousing operations referred to in (a) and (b) above are those operations not accessible to the public and include general purpose, merchandise, distribution and industrial warehouse type operations.

LIQUID WAREHOUSE shall mean a separate, detached building, or attached building separated by standard 4 hour rated fire walls with communicating openings protected in accordance with the requirements of NFPA No. 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, used fo r warehousing type operations for liquids.

SEPARATE INSIDE STORAGE AREA shall mean a room or building used for the storage of liquids in containers or l~ortable tanks, separated from other types of occupancies. Such areas may include :

(a) 'INSIDE ROOM; A room totally enclosed within a building and having no exterior walls,

(b) CuT-OFF RO.OM. A room within a building and having at least one exterior wall,

(C) ATTACHED BUmDXNG. A building having only one common wall with.a building having other type occupancies.

2. Delete the last sentence of the definition .for "Flammable Aerosol."

REVISIONS TO NFPA 30 30-2

3. In 2-4. 7, add reference to Chapter 6.

4. In 2-8.2, revise the third and fourth lines to read: " . . . not be required except when the contents have a health or reactivity degree of hazard of 2 or more or a flammability rating of 4."

5. In 7-2./.4, add a new sentence as follows:

7-2.1.4 Accurate daily inventory records shall be maintained and reconciled on all Class I liquid storage tanks for indi- cation of possible leakage f romtanks o r piping. The records shall be kept at the premises, available for inspection by the enforcing authority, and shall include, as a minimum, records showing by product, daily reeoncilation between sales, use, receipts, and inventory on hand."

6. Revise 7-4.4.4 and 7-4.5.3 to read: "Means shall be provided in the vapor return path from each dispensing outlet to prevent the discharge of vapors when the hose nozzle valve is in its normal non-dispensing position."

7. In 8-4. 1.3, revise the next to the last sentence to read as follows: "Open- ings shall be provided With listed self-closing fire doors or with listed fire dampers, appropriate for the fire resistance rating of the wall construction, as outlined in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, NFPA No. 80."

,8. Revise Chapter 4, Container-and Portable Tank Storage, as follows:

Chapter 4

Container and Portable Tank Storage

4-1 Scope.

4-1.1 This chapter shall apply to the storage of liquids, including flammable aerosols, in drums or other containers not exceeding 60 gallons individual capacity and portable tanks not exceeding 660 gallons individual capacity and limited trans- fers incidental thereto.

4-L2 This chapter shall not apply to the following:

(a) Storage of containers in bulk plants, service stations, re- fineries, chemical plants and distilleries.

t ~

3 0 ~ - 3 COMMITTEE ON FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

(b) Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, aircraft, boats or portable or stationary engines.

(c) Beverages when packaged in individual containers not exceeding a capacity of one gallon.

(d) Medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics and other consumer products containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being flammable when packaged in individual containers not exceeding one gallon in size.

-(e) The storage of liquids that have no fire point when tested by the Cleveland Open Cup Test Method, ASTM D 92-72, up to the boiling point of the liquid, or up to a temperature at which the sample being tested shows an obvious physical change.

(f) The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks..

4-1.3 For the purpose of this chapter, unstable liquids and .flammable aerosols shall be tre~ited as Class IA liquids.

4-2 D e s i g n , Construct ion, a nd Capacity, o f Containers .

4-2.1 Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used. Metal containers and portable tanks meeting the requirements of, and containing products authorized by, Chapter I, Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (DOT Regulations), or NFPA No. 386, Standard for Portable Shipping Tanks, shall be acceptable.

4-2.2 Each portable tank shall be provided with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency venting. capacity to .limit internal pressure under fire exposure conditions to 10 psig, or 30 percent of the bursting pressure of.the tank, whichever is greater. The total venting capacity shall be not less than that specified in 2-2.5.4 or 2-2.5.6. At least one pressure-actuated vent having a mifiimum capacity of 6,000 cubic feet of free air per hour (14.7 psia and 60 ° F) shall be used. I t shall be set to open at not less than 5 psig. If fusible vents are used, they shall be actuated by ele- ments that operate.at a temperature not exceeding 300 ° F. When used for paints, drying, oils and similar materials where plugging of the pressure-actuated vent can occur, fusible vents or vents of the type that soften to failure at a maximum of 300 ° F under fire ex- p posure, may be used for the entire emergency venting requirement.

4-2.3 Containers and portable tanks .for liquids shall conform to Table 4-1 except as provided in 4-2.3.1 or 4-2.3.2.

REVISIONS TO NFPA 30 30:4

Table 4-1 Maximum Allowable Size of Containers and Portable Tanks

Combustible Flammable Liquids Liquids

Container Type Class IA Class IB Class IC Class H Class HI

Glass 1 pt. 1 qt. 1 gal. 1 gal. 5 gal. Metal (other than

DOT drums) or approved plastic 1 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal.

Safety Cans 2 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. Metal Drum

(DOT Spec.) 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. Approved Portable

Tanks 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal.

4-2.3.1 Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, cosmetics and other common consumer products, when packaged according to commonly accepted practices for retail sales, shall be exempt from the requirements of 4-2.1 and 4-2.3.

:t-2.3.2 Class IA and Class IB liquids may be stored in glass containers of not more than one gallon capacity if the required liquid purity (such as ACS analytical reagent grade or higher) would be affected by storage in metal containers or if the liquid.> would cause excessive corrosion of the metal container.

4-3 D e s i g n , Construct ion and Capaci ty o f Storage Cabinets .

4-3.1 Not more than 120 gallons of Class I, Class I I and Class I I I A liquids may be stored in a storage cabinet. Of this total, not more than 60 gallons may be of Class I and Class I I liquids and not more than three (3) such cabinets may be located in a single fire area, except that in an industrial occupancy, additional cabinets may be located in the same fire area if the additional cabinet, or group of not more than three (3) cabinets is separated from other cabinets or group of cabinets by at least 100 feet.

4-3.2 Storage cabinets shall be designed and constructed to limit the internal temperature at the center, one inch from the top to not more than 325°F when subjected to a 10-minute fire test with burners simulating a room fire exposure using the standard time-temperature curve as given in ASTM E152-72. All joints and seams shall remain tight and the door shall remain securely closed during the fire test. Cabinets shall be labeled in conspicuous lettering, "FLAMMABLE - - KEEP FIRE AWAY."

/ 30 -5 COMMITTEE ON FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

[ 4-3.2.1 M e t a l cabinets constructed in the following manne r I are acceptable . The bottom, ' top, door and sides o f cab ine t shall

be at least No. 18 gage sheet steel and double Walled with 1 X - i n c h air space. Jo in ts shall be r iveted, welded or made t ight b)r some equa l ly effective means. The door shall be provided with a three- po in t la tch a r r angemen t and the door sill shall be raised .at least

I .two inches above the bo t tom of the cab ine t to re ta in spilled l iquid wi thin the cabinet . "

4-3.2.2 Wooden cabinets constructed in 'the following manner are acceptable . T h e bot tom, sides and top shall b e constructed of exter ior g rade p l y w o o d . a t least 1 inch in thickness, which shall not break down or de lamina te under fire condit ions. All jo in ts shall be r abbe t t ed and sfiall be fastened in two direct ions with wood screws. W h e n more than one door ~s used, there shall be a r abbe t t ed over lap of not less than 1 inch. Doors shall be equ ipped with a means of la tcMng and hinges shall be const ructed and moun ted in such a manne r as to not lose- their hold ing capac i ty when sub- j.ected to fire exposure. A raised sill o r .pan capab le of conta in ing a 2-inch dep th of l iquid shall be provided at the bo t tom of the cab ine t to r e t a i n spilled l iquid within the cabinet .

• 4-.q_?_.q Li~tod ¢:nh;note which h . . . . h . . . . . . . , . . . . , .a ~,4 tested in accordance with 4:3.2 sha l l -be acceptable .

• 4-4 Des ign , Construction and Operat ion of Separate Inside Storage Areas. (See 1-2 Definitions.)

., 4-4.1 Inside Rooms.

4-4.1.1 Inside rooms shall be const ructed to meet the selected fire resistance ra t ing as specified in 4-4.1.4. Such construc- t ion shall, c o m p l y wi th t h e - t e s t specifications given in Standard Methods oJ Fire Tests oJ Building Construction and Materials, N F P A No. 251. Except for drains, floors shall be l iqu id t igh t and the room shall be li .quidtight where the walls j o in the floor. Where fin automat ic fire protec t ion system is provided, as ind ica ted in 4-4.1.4, the system shall be designed and instal led in accordance wi th the ap- p ropr i a t e N F P A s tandard for the type of system selected.

4-4.1.2 Openings to other rooms or bui ldings shall be pro- v i d e d - w i t h noncombus t ib le l iquid t ight raised sills or r amps at leas t -4 ilaches in height, or the floor in the s t o r a g e ' a r e a shall b e : at least 4 inches below the sur rounding floo~'. A permissible al ter- na te to t h e sill or r a m p is an open-gra ted t rench inside of the room which drairis to a safe.10cation. Openings shall be pro tec ted as i-equired in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, N F P A No. 80. Doors sliall be normal ly closed but m a y be a r ranged to stay open


dur ing mate r i a l hand l ing opera t ions if the doors are designed to close au tomat ica l !y in a fire emergency.

4-4.1.3 W o o d at least one-inch nomina l thickness m a y be used for shelving, r~icks, dunnage , scuffboards, floor over lay arid similar instal lat ions.

4-4.1.4 Storage in inside rooms shall comply with the following:

Automatic Total Allowable Fire Protection* Fire Maximum Quantities - - Gallons/

Provided Resistance Floor Area Sq. Ft./Floor Area

YES 2 hour 500 sq. ft. 10 NO 2 hour 500 sq. ft~ 4 YES 1 hour 150 sq. ft. 5 NO 1 hour 150 sq. ft. 2'

*Fire protection system shali be sprinkler, water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, halon or other-approved system.

4-4.1.5 Electr ical wir ing and equ ipmen t loca ted in inside rooms used for tSlass i l iquids shall be sui table for Class i , Division 2 classified locat ions; for Class I I and Class I I I l iquids, shall be suitable for genera l use: T h e National Electrical Code, N F P A No. 70 (ANSI C1), provides in format ion on the design and install/ t t ion of electr ical equ ipment .

4-4.1.6 Every inside room shall be p rov ided with e i ther a gravi ty or a cont inuous mechanica l exhaust ' vent i la t ion system. Mechan ica l vent i la t ion shall be used if Class I l iquids are dispensed within the room.

(a) Exhaus t air shall be taken f rom a p o i n t near a wal l on one side of the room and wi thin 12 inches of the floor with one or more make-up inlets located on t h e opposi te side of the room wi th in 12 inches f rom the floor. T h e locat ion of both the exhaust a n d inlet a i r openings shall be a r r anged to provide, as far as prac t icab le , a i r 'movements across all port ions of the floor to p reven t accumu- lat ion of f l ammable vapors. Exhaus t f rom the room shall be d i rec t ly to the exter ior of the building. I f ducts are used, they shall not be used for any other purpose and shall comply with the Standard for the Inctallation of Blower and 'Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock and Vapor Removal or Conveying, N F P A No. 91 (ANSI Z33.1). I f make -up a i r to a mechanica l system is taken f rom within the building, the ope n- ing shall be equ ipped with a fire door dr dampe r , as requ i red in the Standard for the ,Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying, N F P A No. 91 A N S I Z33.1).

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For gravity systems, the make-up air shall be supplied from outside the building.

(b) Mechanical ventilation systems shall provide at least one cubic foot per minute of exhaust per square foot of floor area, but not less than 150 CFM. The mechanical ventilation system for dispensing areas shall be equippedwith an airflow switch which is interlocked to sound an audible alarm upon failure of the ventilation system.

4-4:1.7 In every inside room, an aisle at least 3 feet wide shall be maintained so that no container is more than 12 'feet from the aisle. Containers over 30 gallons capacity storing Class I or Class I I liquids shall not be stored more than one container high.

4-4.1.8 Where dispensing is being done in inside rooms, operations shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 5.

4-4.2 Cutoff Rooms and Attached Buildings.

4-4.2.1 Construction design of exterior walls shall provide ready accessibility for fire fighting operations through provision of access openings, windows or lightweight noncombustible wall panels. Where Class IA or IB liquids are dispensed, or where Class IA liquids are stored, the exterior wall or roof construction shall be designed to include explosion venting features, such as lightweight wall assemblies, lightweight roof assemblies, roof hatches or windows of the explosion venting type. Guide for Explosion Venting, NFPA No. 68, provides information on this subject.

4-4.2.2 Where other portions of buildings or other properties are exposed, openings in the exposing wall shall be protected as outlined in NFPA No. 80, Standardf`or Fire Doors and Windows, and walls shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours. If the result of the exposure protection is a totally enclosed room, then provisions of 4-4.1, Inside Rooms, shall be applicable.

4-4.2.3 Except as noted in 4-4.2.6, interior walls, ceiling and floors shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours where floor area of the room.or building exceeds 300 sq ft or a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour for a floor area of 300 sq ft or less. Such construction shall comply ~vith the test specifications given in Standard Methods of̀ Fire Tests of, Building Construction and Materials, NFPA No. 251. Walls shall be liquidtight at the floor level.

4-4.2.4 Openings in interior'walls to adjacent rooms or buildings shall be provided with:


(a) Normally closed, listed fire doors rated to equal or exceed the required fire resistance rating of the wall. Doors may be arranged to stay open during material handling operations if doors are designed" to close automatically in a fire emergency by provision of listed ~:losure devices.

(b) Noncombustible liquidtight raised sills or ramps at least 4 inches in height or otherwise designed to prevent the flow of liquids to the adjoining areas. A permissible alternative to the sill or ramp is an open-grated trench, which drains to a safe location, across the width of the opening inside of room.

4-4.2.5 Curbs, scuppers, special drains or other suitable means shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquids under emergency conditions into adjacent building areas except where the individual container capacity is 5 gallons or less or if the liquids stored are only Class I I I liquids. The drainage system, if used, shall have sufficient capacity to carry off expected discharge of water from fire protection systems and hose streams.

4-4.2.6 Roofs of attached buildings, one story in height, may be lightweight noncombustible construction if the separating interior wall as specified in 4-4.2.3 has a minimum 3-foot parapet.

4-4.2.7 Unprotected storage in cutoff rooms and attached buildings shall comply with Table 4-2. (See 4-4.2.9f`or mixed storage of, liquids.)

4-4.2.8 Protected storage in cutoff rooms and attached buildings shall comply with 4-6 as applicable. (See 4-4.2.9 for mixed storage of̀ liquids.)

4-4.2.9 Where two or more classes of liquids are stored'in a single pile or rack section, the maximum quantities and height of storage permitted in that pile or rack section shall be the smallest of the two or more separate quantities and heights. The maximum total quantities permitted shall be limited to a sum of proportional amounts that each class of liquid present bears to the maximum total permitted for its respective class ; sum of proportional amounts not to exceed 100 percent.

4-4.2.10 Dispensing operations of Class I or Class I I liquids are not' permit-ted in cutoff rooms or attached buildings exceeding 1000 sq ft floor area. In rooms where dispensing is permitted, drainage, electrical systems and ventilation shall be provided per 4-4.1.2, 4-4.1.5 and 4-4.1.6.

4-4.2.11 Basement Storage Areas. Class I liquids shall not be permitted in the basement areas of cutoff rooms and attached

30-9 C O M M I T T E E ON F L A M M A B L E L I Q U I D S

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R E V I S I O N S TO N F P A 30

buildings. Class II and Class I I I A liquids may be stored in base- -,~,,~ t, . . . . ,~,.u ~ ,~ automatic s-rinklerl ~ prokccdon ~md other fire protection facilities are provided in accordance with 4-6.

4-5 Indoor Storage.

4-5.1 Basic Conditions. '

4-5.1.1 The storage of any liquids shall not physically obstruct a means of egress. Class I liquids in other ' than separate inside storage areas or warehouses shall be so placed that a fire in the liquid storage would not t~reclude egress from the area.

4-5.1.2 The storage of iiquids in containers or portable tanks shall comply with 4-5.2 through 4-5.7 as applicable. Where separate inside storage areas are required, they shall conform to 4-4. Where other factors substantially increase'or decrease the. hazard, the authority having jurisdiction may modify the quantities specified.

4-5.1.3 Liquids used for building maintenance painting or other similar infrequent maintenance purposes may be stored temporarily in closed containers outside of storage cabinets or separate inside storage areas, if limited in amount, not to exceed a ] 0-day supply at anticipated rates of consumption.

4-5.1.4 Dispensing or sampling from containers may be permitted in separate inside storage areas (as defined in the standard) conforming to 4-4.1" and 4-4.2, as applicable.

4-5.2 Dwellings and Residential Buildings Containing Not More Than Three Dwelling Units and Accompanying At- tached and Detached Garages. Storage in excess of 25 gallons of Class I and Class I I liquids combined shall be prohibited. In ad- dition, storage in excess of 60 gallons of Class I I I A liquid shall be prohibited.

4-5.3 Assembly Occupancies, Buildings Containing More Than Three Dwelling Units, and Hotels. Storage in excess of 10 gallons of Class I and Class I I liquids combined or 60 gallons of Class I I I A liquids shall be in containers stored in storage cabinets, in safety cans, or in a separate inside storage area not having an opening communicating with that portion of the building used b y the public.

4-5.4 Office, Educational and Institutional Occupancies. Storage shall be limited to that required for operation of office


equipment, maintenance, demonstration and laboratory work. This storage shall comply with the provisions of 4-5.4.1 through 4-5•4.4 except that the storage for industrial and educational laboratory work shall comply with the Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, NFPA No. 45.

J

4-5.4.1 Containers for Class I liquids outside of a separate inside storage area shall not exceed a capacity of 1 gallon except that safety cans can be of 2 gallons capacity•

4-5.4.2 Not more than 10 gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored outside of a storage cabinet or a separate inside storage area in a single fire area except jn safety cans.

4-5.4.3 Not more than 25 gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored in a single fire area in safety cans outside of a separate inside storage area or storage cabinet.

4-5.4.4 Not more than 60 gallons of Class I I I A liquids shall be stored outside of a separate inside storage area Or storage cabinet.

4-5.5 Mercant i le Occupancies and Retail Stores; and Other Related Areas Accessible to the Public. '

4-5.5.1 In rooms or areas accessible to the public, storage of Class I, Class I I and Class I I I A liquids shall be limited to quantities needed for display and normal merchandising purposeg but shall not exceed 2 gallons per square foot 'of gross floor area. Storage of Class IA liquids shall be prohibited in basement display areas and limited to 1 gallon per square foot on other floors. In areas not protected, storage of Class IB, IC and I I liquids on other than the ground floor shall be limited to 1 gallon per square foot of gross floor area. Protected shall mean protected with automatic sprinklers installed at least in accordance with the Standard for the In- stallation of A'utomatic Sprinklers, NFPA No. 13, requirements for ordinary hazard Group 2 occupancies. The gross floor area used for computing the maximum quantity permitted shall be considered as that portion of the floor actually 'being used for merchandising liquids and immediately adjacent aisles.

4-5.5.2 T h e aggregate quantity of additional stock in areas not accessible to the public shall not exceed either what would be permitted if the area were accessible to the public or 60 gallons of Class IA, 120 gallons of Class IB, 180 gallons of Class IC, 240 gallons of Class II , or 660 gallons of Class I I I A liquids, or 240 gallons in any combination of Class I and Class I I liquids subject to the limitations of the individual class. For water miscible liquids, or for areas protected as defined in 4-5.5.1, these quantities may be doubled.

R E V I S I O N S TO N F P A 3 0 30-12

4-5.5.3 Quantities in excess of those permitted in 4-5.5.2 shall be stored in accordance with other appropriate sections of this code.

4-5.5.4 Containers shall not be stacked more than 3 feet or 2 containers high, whichever is the greater, unless on fixed shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured.

4-5.5.5 Shelving shall be of stable construction, of sufficient depth and arrangement such that containers aisplayed thereon,shall not easily be displaced.

4-5.5.6 Leaking containers shall be removed immediately to an adequately ventilated area, and the contents transferred to an undamaged container•

4-5.6 General Purpose Warehouses . (See 1-2 Definitions.)

4-5.6.1 Warehousing operations that involve storage of liquids shall be restricted to separate inside storage areas or to liquid warehouses in accordance with 4-4 or 4-5.7, as applicable, except as provided in 4-5.6.2.

4-5.6.2 Class IB and IC liquids in containers of 1 gallon or less capacity, Class I I liquids in containers of 5 gallons or less capacity, Class.III liquids in containers of 60 gallons or less capacity may be stored in warehouses handling combustible commodities, as defined in the scope of the Standard for Indoor Genecal Storage, NFPA No. 231, provided that the storage area is protected with automatic sprinklers in accordance with the provisions of this standard for 20 foot storage of Class IV commodities and the quantities and height of liquid storage are limited to:

(a) . Class IB & IC 660"gallons - - 5 feet high

(b) Class I I 1375 ga l lons- - 5, feet high

(c) Class I I I A 2750 gallons ~ 10 feet high

(d) Class I I IB 13,750 gallons - - 15 feet high

Tl~e liquid storage shall also conform to 4-5.6.3, 4-5.6.4, 4-5.6:5 and 4-5.6.6.

4-5.6.3 Basement Storage Areas. Class I liquids shall not be permitted in the basement areas of'buildings. Class I I and Class I I I A liquids may be stored in basements provided that automatic sprinkler protection and other fire protection facilities are provided in accordance with 4-6.

4-5.6.4 Separation and Aisles. Aisles shall be provided {o that no container is more than 12 feet from an aisle• Main aisles


shall be a minimum of 8 feet wide. Where ordinary combustible commodities are stored in the same area asiiquids in containers , the minimum distance between the two types ~of storage shall be 8 feet.

4-5.6.5 Rack Storage~ Liquids in containers may be stored in racks subject to the requirements of Table 4-3A~ provided the protection is in accordande with 4-6, as applicable• Aisles shall be a minimum of 4 feet wide, except that aisles between the storage of ordinary combustible commodity storage and liquid storage shall be a minimum of 8 feet.

4-5.6.6 Mixed Storage. Liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or in the same rack sections as ordinary combustible commodities. Where liquids are package d together with ordinary combustibles, as in kits, the storage shall be considered on the basis of whichever commodity predominates. When two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pile or single rack section, the :maximum quantities permitted in the pile or rack section shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum quantities, and the height of storage permitted in that pile or rack section shall be the least of the two or more separate heights. The maximum

SlLdlL total quantities permitted '- _11 be mmtcul-'--:+-~ ._tu the sum -~ . . . . . . . . . :__ _1 Ul |31UIAU[ t lUl ld l

amounts that each class of liquid present bears to. the maximum total permitted for its respective class. The sum of proportional amounts shall not exceed 100 percent•

" 4-5.7 Liquid Warehouses. (See 1-2 Definitions.)

4-5.7.1 If the warehouse building is located more t h a n 10 feet but less than 50 feet from an important building or line of adjoining property that can be built upon, the exposing wall shall-have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours with any open-. ings protected, as outlined in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, NFPA No. 80.

4-5.7.2 If the warehouse is located 10 feet or less from an important building or line Ipf adjoining property that can be buil t upon, the exposing wall sha'll hav.e a fire resistance rating of 4 hours 'with any openings protected, as outlined in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, NFPA No. 80.

4-5.7.3 An attached warehouse, having communicating openings in the required• 4-hour wall separation from the •adjacent building area' shall have •these openings protected by:

(a) Normally closed, listed fire doo r s rated to equal or exceed the 4-hour fire resistance rating of the wall. These doors

R E V I S I O N S TO N F P A 30 30-14

may be arranged to stay open during material handling operations, only if the doors are designed to close automatically in a fire emergency by provision of listed closure devices.

(b) Noncombustible liquidtight, raised sills or ramps, at least 4 inches in height, or •other design features to prevent flow of liquids to the adjoiffing area.

4-5.7.4 The- total quantity of liquids within a liq.uid warehouse shall not be restricted, but the maximum pile heights and maximum quantity per pile, arranged as palletized and/or solid pile storage, shall comply" with Table 4-2, if unprotected, or Table 4-3 if protected in accordance with 4-6. The storage heights of containers on unprotected racks shall comply with Table 4-3A as applicable.

4-5.7..5 Ciass I liquids shall not be permitted in the base- m e n t areas'of liquid warehouses. Class II and Class I I I A liquids may be stored in basements provided that .automatic sprinkler protection and other fire protection facilities are provided in accordance with 4-6.

4 - ~ 7 . ~ T, i rn l toc l ::in'lNllnt~ n f e n r n h n ~ t l h l o r n r n r n n d ~ t l J : ~ a s

• defined in the scope of Indoor General Storage, NFPA No. 231, and Rack Storage of Materials, NFPA No. 231C, may be stored in liquid warehouses if protection is provided in accordance with 4-6 and the ordinary combustibles, other than those used for packaging the liquids, are separated a minimum of 8 feet horizontally, by

aisles or. open racks, from the liquids in storage.

4-5+7.7 Empty o r idle combustible pallet storage shall be limited to a 'maximum pile size of 2500 sq ft and to a maximtim storage height of 6 feet. Idle pallet storage shall be separated from flammable •and combustible liquids by at least 8-foot wide aisle- ways. However, pallet storage in accordance with the Standard on Indoor General Storage, NFPA No. 231, shall be acceptable.

• 4-5.7.8 Containers in piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. Portable tanks stored over one tier high' shall be de-

•signed to nest securely,- without dunnage: (See Standard on Portable Shipping Tanks, NFPA .No. 386,for information on portable tank design.) Materials handling+ equipment shall be suitable to handle containers and tanks safely a.t the upper tier level.

4-5.7.9 No container or portable tank shall be stored closer than 36 inches to the nearest beam, chord, girder or other roof member'in an unprotected warehouse.

Table 4-3 Storage Arrangements for Protected Palletized or Solid Pile Storage of Liquids in Containers and Portable Tanks

Max. Stge. Height (ft.) Max. Quantity per Pile (gal.) Max. Quantity (gal.) Class Storage

Level Containers Port. Tanks Containers Port. Tanks Containers Port. Tanks

Ground Floor 5 - - 3,000 - - 12,000 - -

f, l tO ~

IA . Upper Floors 5 - - 2,000 - - 8,000 Basements - - Not Permitted . . . .

i

i Ground Floor 61/~ 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 IB Upper Floors 61/~ 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000

Basements - - Not Permitted . . . . .

i i

i Ground Floor " 6 ~ 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000

IC Upper Floors "61~ 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basements - - Not Permitted . . . . .

Ground' Floor 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 II Upper Floors 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000

Basements 5 7 7,500 20,000 7,500 20,000

Ground Floor 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000 III Upper Floors 20 14 15,000 60,000 50,000 100,000

Basements 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000

*These height limitations may be increased to 10 feet for containers of 5 gallons or less in capacity.

Note: See 4-6 for protection requirements as applicable to this type of storage.

Table 4-3A Storage Arrangements for Protected Rack Storage of Liquids in Containers

Class Type Storage Rack - Level Containers

Max. Stge. Height (ft.) Max. Quantity (gal.)

Containers .

IA Double Row Ground Floor 25'

or Upper Floor 15' Single Row Basements Not Permitted

7,500 4,500

IB Double Row Ground Floor 25' or Upper Floor 15'

lC Single Row Basements Not Permitted

15,000 9,000

II Double. Row Ground Floor 25'

or Upper Floor 25' Single Row Basements 15'

24,000 24,000

9,000

III Multi-Row Ground Floor 40'

Double Row Upper Floor 20' or Single Row Basements 20'

48,000 48,000 24,000

Note: See 4-6 for protection requirements as applicable to this type of storage.

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4-5.7.10 Solid pile and palletized storage shall be arranged ~o that piles arc ~eparatcd from each other oy at least '+ met. Aisles shall be provided so that no container or tank is more than 12 feet from an aisle. Where storage on racks exists as permitted in this code, a minimum 4-foot wide aisle shall be provided between adjacent rows of racks and any adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet wide, and access shall be maintained to all doors required for egress.

4-5.7.11 Mixed Storage. V~/hen two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pil.e, the maximum quantity permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum quantities and the heights of storage permitted in that pile shall be the least of' the two or more separate heights as given in Tables 4-2 or 4-3 as applicable. When two o r more classes of liquids are stored in the same racks as permitted in this code, t he maximum height of storage permitted shall be the least of the two or more separate heights given in Table 4-3A.

4-6 Protection Requirements for Protected Storage of Liquids.

4-6.1 Coniainers and portable tanks storing flammable and combustible liquids may be stored in the quantities and arrangements specified in Tables 4-3 and 4-3A provided the storage is "protected in accordance with 4-6.2 and 4-6.5, as applicable.

4-6.1.1 Other quantities and arrangements may be used where suitably protected and approved by theau thor i ty having jurisdiction.

4-6.2 Where automatic sprinklers are used, they shall be installed in accordance with the Standard for the Installation of Sprin- kler Systems, NFPA No. 13, and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (For additional information, see Appendix D.)

4-6.2.1 Other systems such as automatic foam-water systems, automatic water-spray systems, or other combinations of systems may be considered acceptable if alz;proved by the authority having jurisdiction. (For additional information, see Ap- pendix D.)

4-6.3 Racks storing Class I or Class II liquids shall be either single-row or double-row as described in Rack Storage of Materials, NFPA No. 231C.

4-6.4 Ordinary combustibles other than those used for packaging the liquids shall not be stored in the same rack section as liquids, and shall be separated a minimum of 8 feet horizontally, by aisles or open racks, from liquids stored in racks.


4-6.5 In-rack sprinklers shall be ifistalled in accordance with the provisions o( Rack Storage of Materials, NFPA No., 231C, except as modified by 4-6.2. Alternate lines of in-rack sprinklers shall be staggered. Multiple levels of in-rack sprinkler heads shall be provided with water shields unless otherwise separated by horizontal barriers, or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such installations.

4-6.6 The water supply shall be sufficient to meet the specified fire protection demand, including at least 500 gallons per minute for inside and outside hose lines. (See D-4-6.2.)

4-7 Fire Control.

4-7.1 Extinguishers, Hose Streams and Water Supply. Suitable fire extinguishers or hose lines (11/~ inches) shall be provided where liquids are stored.

4-7.1.1 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 10-B shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 feet from, the door opening into any separate inside storage area.

4-7.1.2 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 10-B shall be located not less than 10 feet, nor more than 50 feet, from any Class I or Class I I liquid storage area located outside of a separate inside storage area.

4-7.1.3 In protected general purpose and liquid warehouses, hand hose lines (1 ~ inches) shall be provided in sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas.

4-7.2 Control of Ignition Sources: Precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors. Sources of ignition include but are not limited to open flames; lightning.; smoking; cutting and welding; hot surfaces; frictional heat; static, electrical and mechanical sparks; spontaneous ignition, including heat-producing chemical reactions; and radiant he,it.

4-7.3 Dispensing of Class I, and Class I I liquids in general purpose or liquid warehouses shall not be permitted unless the dispensing area is suitably cut off from other ordinary combustible or liquid storage areas, as specified in 4-4.

4-7.4 Materials with a water reactivity degree of 2 or higher as outlined in Standard System for the Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials, NFPA No. 704, shall not be stored in the same area with other liquids.

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R E V I S I O N S T O N F P A 3 0 30-20

4-8 Outdoor Storage.

4-8.1 Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Table 4-4, as qualified by 4-8.1.1 thro,ugh 4-8.1.4 and 4-8.2, 4-8.3, and 4-8.4.

4-8.1.1 When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the m~iximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate gallonages.

4-8.1.2 No container or portable tank in a pile shall be more than 200 feet from a 12-foot wide access way to permit ap- proach of fire control apparatus.

4-8.1.3 The distances listed in Table 4-4 apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled.

4-8.1.4 When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be redticed 50 percent, but to not less than 3 feet.

4-8.2 A maximum of 1,100 gallons of liquids in closed containers and portable tanks may be stored adjacent to a building located on the same premises and under the same management provided that:

(a) The building is limited to a one-story building of fire- resistive or noncombustible construction and is devoted principally to the storage and handling of liquids, or

(b) T h e building has an exterior wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours and having no.opening to above grade areas within 10 feet horizontally of such storage and no openings to below grade areas within 50 feet horizontally of such storage.

4-8.2.1 The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance with 4-8.2(b) may exceed that permitted in 4-8.2, provided the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gallons and each pile is separated by a 10-foot minim/am clear space along the common wall.

4-8.2.2 Where the quantity stored exceeds the 1,100 gallons permitted adjacent to the building given in-4-8.2(a), or the provisions of 4-8.2 (b) cannot be met, a minimum distance in accordance with column 4 of Table 4-4 shall be maintained between buildings

• and nearest container or portable tank.

4-8.3 The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be

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surrounded by a curb at least 6 inches high. When curbs.are used, provisions shall be made for draining of accumulations of ground or rain water or spills of liquids.. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire conditions.

4-8.4 Storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage.

REVISIONS TO NFPA 30

/

30-22

9. Add two new appendices, Appendix D and Appendix E, as follows:

Appendix D

This Appendix is not part of this Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA No. 30, but is included for information purposes only.

The following contains additional information and recoffa- mendations bearing the same number as the text of the Flam- mable and Combustible Liquids Code, to which they apply:

D-4-6.2 (a) Sprinkler system densities and areas of application presented in this appendix are based upon limited test data and fire experience. (See Appendix E for additional information on this subject.)

(b) F o r design criteria for specific installations, insurance en- gineers, fire protection consultants, and other knowledgeable per- sons should be consulted.

(c) Pal let ized and Solid Pile Storage. For protected storage of liquids, as specified in Table 4-3, automatic sprinkler protection should be provided in accordance with Table D-4-5.

(d) Rack Storage. In protected storage of liquids arranged, as specified in Table 4-3A, automatic sprinkler protection should be provided in accordance with Tables D-4-6 and D-4-7, as applicable, except that racks with solid shelves should be provided with in= rack sprinklers at every tier or level.

D-4-6.2.1(a) Automatic aqueous, film forming foam (AFFF)- water sprinkler systems for container storage o f liquids has been shown to be an acceptable method for providing fixed protection. (See Appendix E Jor additional information on this subject.)

(b), For design criteria for specific installations, insurance en- gineers, fire protection consultants and other' knowledgeable per- sons should be consulted.

(c) Rack storage, of 'liquids in containers (drums of 55-gallon capacity) stored on-end ,on wood pallets on conventional double- row racks to a maximum height of storage of 25 feet should be provided, protection in accordance with Table D-4-6.2.1.

Table D-4-5 Automat ic Spr ink le r Protefition for Solid Pile a n d Pa l le t ized Storage of L i q m d s in Con ta ine r s a n d Por tab le Tanks

Storage Condi t ions Ceil ing Spr ink le r Des ign a n d D e m a n d

Area (sq it) M i n i m u m M i n i m u m Dens i ty ' Hose St ream Dura t ion

Class Con ta ine r Size g p m / H i g h Ord . M a x i m u m D e m a n d Spr ink le rs & L iqu id a n d A r r a n g e m e n t sq ft T e m p . T e m p . Spacing (gpm) Hose S t reams

5 gal. or less, wi th /wi thout cartons, palletized or solid pile 0.30 3000 5000 100 sq ft 750

f lammable aerosols in cartons, 0.30 6000 10,000 100 sq ft 1000 IA palletized or solid pile 2 hrs

containers greater than 5 gal., on end or side, palletized or 0.60 5000 8000 80 sq ft 750 solid pile

5 gal. or less, wi th /wi thout 0.30 3000 5000 lOOsqf t IB, cartons, palletized or solid pile .] IC, 500 2 hrs II containers greater than 5 gal.,

on pallets or solid pile, one high 0.25 5000 8000 100 sq ft

containers greater than 5 gal., I! on pallets or solid pile, more 0.60 5000 8000 80 sq ft 750 2 hrs

than one high on end or side

IB, IC, II portable tanks, one high 0.30 3000 5.000 100 sq ft 500 2 hrs

Tab le D-.4-5 (Cont inued)

Storage Condi t ions Ceil ing Spr ink le r Des ign a n d D e m a n d

Area (sq ft) M i n i m u m M i n i m u m Dens i ty Hose St ream Dura t ion

Class Conta iner Size gpm/ H i g h Ord . M a x i m u m D e m a n d Spr inklers & L iqu id a n d A r r a n g e m e n t sq ft T e m p . T e m p . Spacing ( g p m ) Hose Streams

II portable tanks, two high 0.60 5000 8000 80 sq ft 750 2 hrs

5 gal. or less, wi th /wi thout eartons, palletized or solid pile 0.25 3000 5000 120 sq ft 500 1 hr

container greater than 5 gal., on pallets or solid pile, on 0.25 3000 5000 " 1 2 0 s q f t 500 1 hr end or sides, up to three high

III container greater than 5 gal., on pallets or solid pile, on" 0.35 3000 5000 100sq ft 750 2 hrs end or sides up to 18 feet high

portable tanks, one high 0.25 3000 5000 120 sq ft 500 1 hr

portable tanks, two high 0.50 3000 5000 80 sq ft 750 2 hrs

Notes : (1) See Tables 4-3 and 4-6 for additional information pertaining to protected palletized or solid piling of liquids•

(2) M in imum hose stream demand includes small hand hose (11/6 inches) required in 4-7.1.3.

(3) The design area contemplates the use of wet pipe systems. Where dry pipe systems are required, it introduces a possible delay which needs to be compensated for by increased areas of application (plus 30 percent).

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T a b l e D - 4 - 6 A u t o m a t i c S p r i n k l e r P r o t e c t i o n R e q u i r e m e n t s for R a c k S t o r a g e o f L i q u i d s in C o n t a i n e r s o f F i v e G a l l o n C a p a c i t y o r L e s s , * in C a r t o n s o n C o n v e n t i o n a l W o o d Pa l l e t s

• o r W i t h o u t C a r t o n s b u t S t r a p p e d to Pa l l e t s ,

*Flammable Aerosols Not lncluded

Ceiling Sprinkler Design & Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand ,

Class Area (sq ft) Liquid Density Racks over 9 ft. Minim.

g p m / High Ord. Max. Racks up to 9 ft. (2.7m) to 12 ft. Nozzle sq ft Temp. Temp. Spacing (2.7m) deep , (3.7m) deep Pressure

Number of • Sprinklers Operating

I

(max. 0.40 25 '

h e i g h t )

a) ord. temp. a) ord. temp. sprinklers 8 feet sprinklers 8 feet apar t horizontally apar t horizontally b ) one line sprin- b ) two lines sprinklers above each ~ klers above each level of storage level of storage

80 sq c) locate in longi-, c) locate in trans- 3000 5000 f t /hd , tudinal flue space, verse flue spaces, 30 psi.

staggered vertical staggere~t vertical , d) shields req 'd and within 20 in. where multilevel . of aisle

d) shields required where multilevel

a) 8 sprin- lders if only one level b) 6 sprinklers ca. on two levels if only two levels c) 6 sprinklers ea. on

. top 3 levels, if 3 or more levels d) hydraulic- ally most remote

Minim. Minilm. Hose Duration

Stream Sprinkler Demand & Ho~e

(gpm) Strealaa

750 2 hr,;

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Table D-4-6 C b n t i n u e d

Ceiling Sprinkler Design & Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand

Class Area (sq ft) Liquid Density

g p m / High Ord. Max. sq ft Temp, Temp. Spacing

Racks over 9 ft. Minim. Racks up to 9 It. (2.7m) to 12 ft. Nozzle

(2.7m) deep (3.7m) deep Pressure

Number of Sprinklers Operating

Minim, Minim. Hose Duration

Stream Sprinkler D e m a n d & Hose

(gpm) Sires m

II 100 sq

(max. 25 ' 0.30 3000 5000 f t /hd .

he igh t )

a) ord" temp. sprinklers 8 feet apar t horizontally b ) one line sprinklers betw. levels at nearest 10 foot vertical intervals c) locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical d) shields required where multilevel

a) ord. temp. sprinklers 8 feet apar t horizontally b ) two lines betw: levels at nearest 10 foot vei'tical intervals c) locate in trans- verse flue spaces, staggered vertical. and within 20 in. of aisle d) shields required where multilevel

• "a) tiydraulic- ally most remote - - 6 sprinklers at each level, up to max. of

30 psi. three levels 750 2 hls

120 sq Same as III 0.25 3000 5000 f t /hd . Same ~ Class II Same as .Class II 30 psi. 500 2 hrs max. Class II

Notes: (1) See Tables 4-3A and 4-6 for additional information pertaining to protected rack storage. (2) Additional in-rack protection required for solid shelve:s, as indicated in D-4-6.2(d). (3) See 4-6.3 for types of racks permitted. (4) See 4-6.5 for addit ional information pertai~ning to in-rack sprinklers. (5) M i n i m u m hose s t ream demand includes small hand hose (11~ inches') required in 4-7.1.3. (6)" The design area contemplates the rise of wet pipe systems. Where dry pipe systems are required, it introduces

a possible delay which needs to be compensated for hy increased areas of application (plus 30 percent).

c)

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' Table D-4-6.2.1 Automatic AFFF-Water Protection (1) Requirements for Rack Storage of Liquids* in Containers

*Flammable Aerosols Not Included

Ceiling Sprinklers Design & Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand (4)

Class Arda (sq ft) Hose Dura- Dura- Liquid Minimum Number of Stream tlon tion

Density High Ord. On-End Storage, of drums Nozzle Sprinklers Demand AFFF Water g p m / s q ft Temp. Temp. (on pallets) up to 25 ft Pressure Operating (3) Supply Supply

IA, IB, IC, II 0.30 1500 2550 " 30 psi. 500 15 min 2 hrs

Notes:

a) ord. temp. sprinkler up to 10 feet apart horizontally

b) one line sprinklers above each level of storage

c) locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered ' - vertically

d) Shields required for multilevel

3 sprinklers per level

(1) System shall be a closed head wet system with approved devices for proportioning AFFF.

(2) Except as modified herein, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with Rack Storage of Materials, NFPA No. 231-C.

(3) Hose stream demand includes inside hand hose (1 a/'~ inches) required in 4-7.1.3.

(4) Maximum height of storage should be limited to 25 feet.

Table D-4-7 Automatic Sprinkler Protection for Rack Storage of Liquids in Containers Greater Than 5 Gallon Capacity

(See notes on followino paoe.)

Class Area (aq It) Liquid Density

gpm/ High Ord. Max. sq ft Temp. Temp. Spacing

"Ceiling Sprinkler Design & Demand In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangement and Demand Minim. Minim.

Hose Duration Stream Sprinkler

On-End Storage Minim. Number of Demand & Hose On-Side Storage (on pallets) up to Nozzle Sprinklers (gpm) Stream Racks up to 9 ft. 9 ft. deep racks Pressure Operating

IA 80 sq

(max.25, 0.60 3000 5000 ft/hd.

height)

a) ord. temp. sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally b) one line sprinklers above each tier of storage c) locate in longitudinal flue space,

'staggered vertical d) shields required where multilevel

a) ord. temp. sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally b) one line sprinklers above each tier of storage c) locate in longi- " tudinal flue space, staggered vertical d) shields required where multilevel

a) see a) above a) see a) above IB, IC b) one line sprin- b) see b) above

& II 100 sq klers every three c) see c) above (max. 0.60 3000 5000 ft/hd, tiers of storage d)'see d) above

25' c) see c) above height) d) see d) above

a) hydraulic- ally most remote 6 sprinklers at each level

30 psi.

30 psi.

a) see a) above

1000 2 lars

750 2 hrs

a) see a) above a) see a) above a) see a) above III b) one line sprin- b) one line sprin-

(max. ft/hd, level (maximum) level (maximum) 15 psi. 500 1" hr 40' 0.25 3000 5000 120 sq klers every sixth klers every third

height) c) see c) above c) see c) above _ d) see d) above d) see d) above

(*See over.)

P b~

I t;t;

I .


1sores to T a b l e D-4-7

(1) " See Tables 4-3A and 4-6 for additional information pertaining to protected rack storage.

(2) Additional in-rack protection required for solid shelves, as indicated in D-4-6.2(d).

(3) See 4-6.3 for types of racks permitted.

(4) S e e 4-6.5 for additional information pertaining to in-rack sprinklers.

(5) Minimum hose stream demand includes small hand tiose (11/~ inches) required in 427.1.3.

(6) The design area contemplates the use of wet pipe systems. Where dry pipe systems are required, it introduces a possible delay which needs to be compensated for by increased areas of application (plus 30 percent).

REVISIONS TO N F P A 30 30:30

Append ix E

• This Appendix is not a part of this Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA No. 30, but "is included for information purposes only.

Appendix E explains fire test data and loss experience that were used to help promulgate protection tables that are presented in Appendix D. While these data are limited, they do illustrate the seriousness of a potential d rum rupture in a fire and the pr imary failure mode of built-up internal pressure in combination with- the weakening of the rim joint, due to localized overheating. The pos- sibility of a BLEVE-type explosion is also demonstrated. Due to the many unknowns , conservative practice would be to limit all

• Class I liquids stored in drums to not over one high, since protection tables were developed with this philosophy.

Very limited fire tests and fire experience, relative to f lammable aerosols,, indicate the' serious problem they present to the fire protection engineer. Exploding pressurized aerosol cans are to be expected, together with the flaming fire ball and rocketing action, spreading fire to a potentially larger area. The orotection philosophy expressed is primarily to limit storage heigl~ts and to con- template a larger area of application. Use of pressure-relieving can designs would be expected to favorably affect the design con- siderations for fixed protection.

E-4-6(A) Fire Tes t s - - D r u m Storage:

(1) 1949 Fire Tests. A series of fire tests were made in 1949- at the Factory Mutual test center in Norwood, .Massachusetts. The tests were conducted in the 15-foot high section of the fire test building used at that time. The tests used ICC Specification 5 drums, which were 14 gauge compared with the 16 gauge Specification 17C drums and 18 gauge Specification 17E drums used more commonly today.

The tests involved storage horizontally, on metal racks UP to four drums high, and palletized upright, three drums high. Test drums contained either water, gasoline, or benzene, located in the first or second tier and equipped with pressure and" temperature

-sensing connections. The gasoline and benzene drums were piped to manual vents so that pressure could be relieved before the drums ruptured. Other drums in the array c0ntainedwater or Were empty.

Sprinkler protection consisted of open, , old-type sprinklers, which could b e manually turned on, either at the start of the fire (short preburn) or at a time simulating the first sprinkler operation (long preburn). Sprinklers were spaced either at 100 sq f t /head

/


with a flow rate of 0.22 or 0.28 gpm/sq ft or spaced at 50 sq f t / head with a flow rate of 0.44 or 0.56 gpm/sq ft.

Gasoline was pumped through piping to desigriated discharge points in or near the pile at flow rates f rom 1 gpm to 15 gpm. In some tests, 5 or 10 gallons of fuel were poured on the floor below the drums and ignited. Durat ion of flows were the length of time required to empty a single d r u m at the rate of flow used.

When sprinkler discharge was turned on immediately, the pressure developed in the test drums was due almost entirely to the vapor pressure as the body of liquid increased in temperature. When sprinkler discharge was started, simulating normal sprinkler operation, there was a rapid pressure increase due to heating of the vapor space. This usually dropped when cooling by sprinkler discharge started.

Early tests showed that 100 square foot spacing of sprinklers and densities of 0.22 and 0.28 gpm/sq ft would not prevent excessive temperature and pressure increases in drums. Spacing of 50 square feet per sprinkler was used in subsequent tests. Test measurement and visual observation indicated that 0.56 gpm/sq ft provided considerably better cooling and flushing away of fuel than the 0.44 gpm/sq ft sprinkler density.

When fuel was discharged on the floor, only the bot tom tier o f storage was severely exposed. When fuel was discharged at a higher level, simulating a leaking drum, those drums in the immediate vicinity in upper tiers were severely exposed.

The rate of fuel flow had very little effect on the heating of any part icular drum. The lower rates, 1-2 gpm, had a much longer durat ion and resulting exposure was greater before the 55-gallon durat ion supply was used up.

With on-side d r u m storage in racks, the rate of temperature rise in the-test d r u m on the lowest tier was 3 to 5 times as high with storage more than one d r u m high than it was with one-high storage. Tests with on-end palletized storage were only conducted three high.

When 5 or 10 gallons of gasoline were spilled on the floor and then ignited, the 5-gallon ,spill gave a more severe exposure to drums because of the longer time before sprinklers would have operated. The 10-gallon spill exposed more drums, but the exposure to any one d r u m was no more severe.

A very small leak f rom a d r u m filled with gasoline gave a very severe exposure, because of the localized exposure to the leaking d r u m and insufficient heat at the ceiling to operate sprinklers.

Drums containing benzene heated much more rapidly than drums containing water because of the lower specific heat of benzene. Early pressure buildup in the vapor space is more pronounced with water, possibly because of more film vaporizat ion in the early stages of the fire.


(2) 1967 Fire Tests. A series of fire tests were made to com- pare the effects of severe fire exposure to water- and heptane-filled drums. The tests were carried out in the Factory Mutua l explosion tunnel, using new ICC-17E (18 gauge) 55-gallon drums.

A single d r u m was encircled with a ring of oil burners. Tempera - tures were measured at various points in the drum. The fuel rate to the oil burners was about 1 gpm. There was no cooling applied to the drum.

Using heptane, the d rum ruptured at about 17 psig, at a d rum rim temperature of 1190°F. The cover seam unrolled and a BLEVE- type explosion resulted, after a fire exposure of 3 to 4 minutes.

O n similar tests using water, failure occurred at 40 psig after 10 minutes.

The tests indicated that the heptane-filled d r u m will rupture much sooner and at a much lower interna! pressure than a water- filled drum. This is at tr ibuted to the fact that drums were found to leak around the joint of the rim before the rupture. Th e small leakage, of hel~tane vapor through the rim joint causes a localized flame at this already weakened location on the rim, whereas steam issuing f rom a similar leak in a water-filled d r u m tends to cool the. metal at this point.

(3) 1974 Fire Tests. A series of fire tests were made to evaluate protection of on-end d rum storage with A F F F f o a m discharging from a s tandard sprinkler system. The tests were conducted in the 30-foot high area of the Factory Mutual test center in Rhode Island.

Based on the 1967 tests, a s tandard for success was that no d rum should exceed 15 psig pressure.

Tests were made with water-filled drums, palletized, two, three and four pallets high, and on racks, five tiers high.

Fuel was heptane, piped to the base of the top tier of storage, with a 10-gallon floor spill in each case. Sprinklers were automatic, 286°F heads.

Test 1: In this test, storage was four pallet loads high. Fuel discharge rate was 2 gpm. Sprinkler discharge density was 0.30 gpm/sq ft. The first sprinkler opened at 34 seconds. Only four sprinklers operated, but the three-dimensional fire in the pile con- tinued strong. Several drums bulged, two ruptured, and six exceeded 15 psig pressure.

Test 2: In this test, storage was three tiers high, sprinkler density was 0.60 gpm/sq ft. O the r conditions were the same as Test 1.

Two sprinklers opened at about 1 minute 20 seconds. A considerable number of drums were deformed. Four of the eight monitored drums exceeded 15 psig pressure.


Test 3: This test was rack storage with 160°F automatic sprinklers in each tier except the bottom. Fuel rate was 2 gpm. Ceiling protection was 0.30 gpm/sq ft.

Five in-rack sprinklers and one ceiling sprinkler opened. O n e - d rum in the first tier, which had no in-rack sprinklers, reached a pressure of 16 psig. Two drums fell f rom the fifth tier, due to burning away of a pallet.

Test 4: Test 4 was a repeat of test three, except the fuel flow rate was 15 gpm.

Eight ceiling sprinklers and five in-rack sprinklers operated. Ceiling temperatures reached 1665°F. One monitored d rum in the first tier_ reached 20 psig. Several drums were bulged.

Test 5: Test 5 was a repeat of Test 2, except storage was two tiers high.

The fuel Was a greater distance f rom the ceiling so sprinklers did not operate until 31/-~ to 4 minutes after ignition. Damage to drums was severe, with many ruptur ing and all eight monitored drums going over 15 psig.

Generally, results w e r e g o o d - i n rack storage, where in-rack sprinklers were provided at each tier. For palletized storage, the A F F F protection controlled the floor fire, a l though pallets hindered spread of foam. 'Ceiling sprinkler~ only did not adequately protect palletized storage where an elevated spill resulted in a three-dimensional fire within the pile.

Most of the ruptured drums failed at the top chime, but one d r u m developed a slow leak at a bot tom chime. In Test 5, several drums were heated by a localized fire which did not open sprinklers at the roof. This slow overpressurization can lead to superheated liquid release and a resulting severe BLEVE when the d r u m eventually ruptures, j

E-4-6(B) Fire Tests - - Small Containers .

(1) 1957 Fire Test (Nonpressurized Smaller Containers). A fire test was made on 10a/~-foot high storage of paint in 1 gallon cans in cartons. The storage was palletized, but the pallets were fire- stopped, so it was equivalent to solid piled storage. The paint varied in flashpoint f rom 105°F to 170°F (Class I I and I I I A ) . Sprinkler protection was 160°F heads, 10 x 10 feet, w.ith a density of 0.23 gpm/sq ft. Ceiling height was 15 feet.

Six sprinklers operated and controlled the fire. Tempera tures over the fire reached a max imum of l l00°F and dropped below 500°F after 10 minutes. Five hundred and three cans had t h e i r covers blown off and twenty cans had burst seams. The paint released from the cans was slight, but it would be much more

R E V I S I O N S TO N F P A 30 30-34

significant if a pile had toppled over or if cans had not all been stored cover side up.

(2) 1970 Fire Tes t (Pressurized Containers). A fire test was made in the 30 foot high section of the Factory Mutua l Rhode Island test facility. The s torage 'was 13 and 16 ounce cans of lacquer in_ shipping cartons stored 2 pallet by 2 pallet high on racks. Storage height was 9 feet 9 inches. Protection was by twelve 160°F sprinklers spaced 10 feet x 10 feet providing a discharge density of 0.30 gpm/sq ft.

Fifty seconds after ignition, containers began to burst. At 62 seconds, three sprinklers operated. The fire became more and more intense and with all twelve sprinklers operating, there was no sup- pressing effect. Th e discharge was increased to 0.50 gpm/sq ft, without effect. After about 5 minutes, the fuel was nearly exhausted. Containers were thi-own to every corner of the test building.

Tempera tures over the fire were over 1000°F for 312~ minutes and over 1700°F for 2 minutes.

E-4-6(C) Fire experience examples involving f lammable and combustible liquids in 'containers stored in buildings.

(1) 1951 Fire. Drums of petroleum naph tha were stored temporarily in a general purpose warehouse used mainly for storing can ends in wood boxes. Storage was one d r u m high on pallets.

Two drums had smal l punctures and- leaks near the bottom, caused either by moving equipment or maliciously. The leak was ignit6d, and one d r u m ruptured at the bo t tom seam. A d r u m rupture resulted which opened 272 sprinklers. Th e fire depar tment was called prompt ly and they and sprinklers were able to contain the fire, helped by the low combustible concentrat ion in the warehouse and by failure of any other drums to rupture.

Forty-two million can ends were wet down, but fire damage was limited. No explosion damage was reported. (The intensity of the B L E V E may have been limited by much of the liquid leaking from the d r u m before it ruptured.) Tota l damage was about $200,0O0.

(2) 1965 Fire. Pressurized" containers of paint were stored 15 feet high on racks. A fire started in the top tier f rom a gas-fired radiant heater. Bursting containers sp read ,burn ing paint over a large area, opening one hundred and eighty-eighi 165°F sprinklers. The fire spread 25 feet along a rack but was slowed by aisles and inert material. A portion of the roof over the fire area collapsed.

(3) 1966 Fire. Pressurized containers of alcohol base hair spray and deodorant were stored palletized, 17 feet high. Th e fire was


contained within a 1,200 sq (t pile .by one hundred and seven operating sprinklers. Damage exceeded $400,000.

(4) 1971 Distribdti0n Warehouse Fire. A sprinklered 67,000 square foot, one-story, noncombustible warehouse for automo- tive equipment and supplies was destroyed by fire from unde- termined cause. Storage consisted of various metal, plastic and rubber parts in cardboard cartons, plus flammable and combustible liquids in containers ranging from one pint aerosol cans up to, and including, 55-gallon metal drums. Method of storage was mostly on wooden pallets on open metal racks, double row with three and four tiers to a total storage height of 15 feet to 17 feet. A considerable portion of the racks were used for storage of flammable and combustible liquids in 5-gallon and 55-gallon metal containers on wooden pallets, four tiers high. Both flammable and nonflammable aerosols in pint cans in cartons were palletized and stored in portions of the racks. Ceiling sprinkler design was wet pipe, extra-hazardous schedule, using 17/32 orifice, 165°F heads, supplied from a fairly strong city water supply (52 psi static, 38 psi residual, with 1,580 gpm flowing). A review of the hydraulics indicates system was capable of supplying a density of 0.20 gpm/sq ft for the most remote 2,000 square foot area.

Despite immediate fire department response to a central station water flow alarm and use of a fire department siamese connection, the fire spread beyond the capability of the sprinkler system and the system was soon overtaxed, resulting in early roof collapse and breaking of sprinkler piping, and thus requiring closing of the main control valve. Numerous "fire ball" explosions of aerosol cans and ruptures of 55-gallon drums were reported, several affecting manual fire fighting operations, requiring about 5 hours for control.

(5) 1975 Fire. About one hundred 55-gallon drums of Class IB and IC liquids were stored palletized, three drums high, in a corner of a general purpose warehou, se together with ordinary combustible commodities up to 11 feet tkigh in racks. The roof was Class I I steel deck, 15 feet high.

Sprinklers were on an ordinary hazard system, 160OF heads. Employees discovered a large fire in progress in the d rum stor-

age area. Shortly after the public fire department arrived, drums started to rupture creating large fire balls. One drum failed at the bottom and rocketed through the roof, landing 750 feet from the building. The roof partially collapsed and one system was then shut off. Most of the building and contents were severely damaged.

The fire probably started in an open waste pail near the drum storage. Total loss was about $3,300,000.

S T O R A G E OF F L A M M A B L E L I Q U I D S O N F A R M S 395-3

Part III

Standard for the

Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids on Farms and Isolated Construction Projects

NFPA No. 3 9 5 - - 1977

1-1 Scope.

1-1.1 This standard applies to the storage on farms or in rural areas of flammable and combustible liquids having a flash point below 200°F (as defined in the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA No. 30). I t is also applicable to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids at rural construction and rural earth-moving projects, including gravel pits and borrow pits, where it is customary to obtain fuels in bulk and dispense or transfer them under control of the owner or contractor and where isolation from other structures and temporary use make it unnecessary, in. the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction, to require com- pliance with the more rigid standards of NFPA No. 30.

1-1-.2 This standard does not apply to (a) the storage, handling and use of fuel oil tanks and containers connected with oil burning equipment as covered in the Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, NFPA No. 31 (ANSI Z95.1); (b) storage of 25 gallons or less of flammable and combustible liquids in containers not exceeding 5 gallons capacity each.

1-2 Types of Approved Storage.

1-2.1 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in rural areas for private use shall be permitted in any of the following:

(a) In aboveground or underground tanks or in containers in accordance with NFPA No. 30;

(b) In containers of 60 gallons or less capacity each in accordance with 1-3 of this standard;

(c) In tanks of 61 to 1,100 gallons capacity each in accordance with 1-4 of this standard.

1-2.2 Storage areas shall be kept free of weeds and extraneous combustible material. Open flames and smoking shall not be permitted in f lammable or combustible liquids storage areas.

395-4 STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS ON FARMS

1-3 Individual Containers of 60 Gallons or Less Capacity Each.

1-3.1 Storage shall be in metal t~ tJ t or other approved containers of 60 gallons or less capacity each. Discharge devices requiring pressure on the container are prohibited• Pumping

,devices or faucets used for dispensing f lammable and combustible liquids shall be well maintained to prevent leakage. Individual containers shall not be interconnected and shall be kept closed when not in use.

1-3.2 Containers as provided in this section storing Class I f lammable liquids shall be stored outside at least 10 feet f rom any building or may be stored inside a building used exclusively for the storage of f lammable and combustible liquids "and located at least 10 feet f rom any other building. Buildings'used for the storage of Class I f lammable liquids shall be provided with cross ventilation with at least 2 vents of 64 square inches of area each placed at floor level•

1-4 Tanks of 61 to 1,100 Gallons Capacity Each.

1-4.1 F lammable and combustible liquids in aboveground tanks of 61 to 1,100 gallons capacity shall be stored outside buildings in tanks of s ingle-compartment design constructed in accordance with accepted engineering practice. Joints shall be riveted a n d caulked, riveted and qeelded, or welded. Tank heads over 6 feet in diameter shall be dished, stayed, braced or r.einforeed. Tanks shall meet the following:

Capacity Minimum Thickness of Steel Gallons Mfrs. Std. Gage No.

61 to 560 14

561 to 1,100 12

1-4.1.1 A fill opening shall be provided and shall be equipped with a closure designed so that it may be locked.

1-1.1.2 A vent having a free opening of at least ll/~-inches diameter shall be provided to relieve such vacuum or pressure as wil l 'develop in normal operation or f rom exposure-to fire. 1 For tanks exceeding 275 gallons capacity, see Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, N F P A No. 30, for additional information relative t o • required capaci ty of emergency relief venting for fire exposure.

I 1Based upon limiting internal tank pressure to 120 .percent of 2.5 psig using an orifice coefficient of 0.8 and an environmental factor of 0.6. The environmental factor of 0.6 recognizes the limited time a small tank is subjected to fire exposure and some loss of fuel by absorption into the soil. The above factors may be used when calculating the vent size for tanks larger than 275 gallons.

STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS ON F~kRMS 395--5

1-4.1.3 Tanks as provided in this section shall be kept outside and ~t least 40 Feet f rom any building, and shall be so located or such additional distm3ce from buildings shall be p÷ovided, as will insure that any vehicle, equipment, or contziiner being filled directly f rom such tank will be at least 40 felt f rom any building.

1-4.1.4 Tanks as provided in this section may be either tanks with top openings only or tanks elevated for gravity discharge.

1-4.2 T a n k s wi th Top Openings Only. Tanks constructed and located as provided above may be designed wi th all openings in the top of. the tank and in suizh event shall be mounted and equipped as follows:

(a) Stat ionary tanks.shall be mounted on timbers or blocks approximately 6 inches in height so as to protect the bot tom of the tank f rom corrosion f rom contact with the ground and when so placed, be in h stable position; or movable tanks may be equipped with at tached metal legs resting on shoes or runners designed so that the tank is supported in a stable position and so that the entire tank and its.supports may be m o v e d as a unit.

(b) Tanks shall be equipped with a tightly and permanent ly attached approved pumping device having an approved hose of sufficient length for filling vehicles, equipment or containers to be served f rom the tank. Either the p u m p or the hose shall be equipped with a padlock to its hanger to prevent tampering. An effective antisiphoning device shall be included in t h e p u m p discharge unless a self-closing nozzle is provided• Siphons or internal p res-- sure discharge devices are prohibited. .,

1-4.3 Tanks Elevated for Gravity Discharge. Tanks constructed and located as provided above may be designed with a connection in the bot tom or the end of the tank for gravity dispensing of f lammable and combustible liquids and shall be moUnted and equipped as follows:

(a) Supports to elevate the tank for gravity discharge shall be•of adequate strength and design to provide stability. Suppgrts may be of steel or of wood.

(b) Alternately, the tank may be placed on a pile of earth or near the edge of a cut bank to provide the necessary elevation and shall be supported on timbers or blocks for stability and to prevent corrosion by contact with the g round .

(9) Bot tom op~ning for gravity discharge shall be equipped with a valve located adjacent to the tank shell which will close ~O

3 9 5 - - 6 STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS ON FAItMS

au tomat i ca l ly in the event of fire th rough the opera t ion of an effective hea t ac tua ted releasing device. I f this valv.e cannot be op- e ra ted manua l ly , it shall be supp lemented by a second valve which can be. T h e grav i ty discharge out le t shall be provided with an approved hose equ ipped with a self-closing valve at the discharge end. of a type than can be padlocked to its hanger to prevent tamper ing .

1-5 M a r k i n g of T a n k s a n d Con ta ine r s . Tanks and containers for the storage of f l ammable and combust ib le l iquids above- g round shall be conspicuously marked with the name of the p roduc t which they conta in and " F L A M M A B L E - - K E E P F I R E "AND F L A M E A W A Y . " Tanks of 61 to 1,100 gallons capac i ty shall bear the add i t iona l mark ing " K E E P 40 F E E T F R O M B U I L D I N G S . "

NOTE: Cleai'ance of 40 feet from buildings should also apply to other combustible structures, haystacks, etc.


Part IV

Proposed Amendments to the

Recommended Practice on Underground Leakage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids

NFPA No. 3 2 9 - - 1972

1. On page 329-d, in the first sentence under " T h e Prob lem," change "140°F ' ' to "100°F ' ' to make it consistent with the current NFPA classi- .fication system.

2. On page 329-5, revise the first line of the fifth paragraph as follows: " T h e locat ion of leaks, testing of tanks and piping, removal of leaky tanks and . . ."

3. On page 329-9, move the reference to "Fig. 1" to follow the third sentence und~ Vent i l a t ing the Area rather than .following the second sentence.

4. 'On page 329-21, revise the paragraph on Air Test ing as follows:

Pressure tests with a i r s h a l l - n o t be used on tanks conta in ing f l ammable or combust ib le liquids. Such tests are not l ikely to de tec t a leak tha t is below the l iquid level in the tank. Also, with a i r testing there is severe danger of causing a tank rupture , or expulsio/a of con ta ined l iquid th rough norma l openings.

Air testing of p iping is not as hazardous as for tanks, bu t i t m a y be inconclusive. A l iquid pressure test wi th ins t rumenta t ion tha t will de tec t pressure lc/ss is considered much more re l iable and gives conclusive results.

Ai r tests of tanks or p ip ing conta in ing f l ammable or combust ib le l iquids should not be requ i red by regulat ions or ord inances and should be d iscouraged in pract ice.

5. On page 329-23, revise the last sentence of the first ful l paragraph asfollows: " I f not, or if the valve is inside the .tank, it may be necessary to dig down to the t ank to check the valve or d isconnect and seM off the pipe for a pressure test."


B /'l~ ~.no 23(?_32 vpl~icp /nCt fihrocp Itn,']~r ,~ l l e t lnn T.in~ T e s t i n g

to read: " . . . individual p ipe runs m a y be isolated and pressure tested."

7 . On page 329-24, add a new paragraph, paragraph 5, under Pipe Line Tests wi th Liquid .

5. As an a l te rna te to ste_ps 1 th rough 4, the pipe may be pressure tested at 50 psi or greater . I f the pressure drops more than 5 psi per minute , it indicates the p robab i l i ty of a leak in the pipe. Also the a m o u n t of l iquid requi red to be a d d e d to main ta in the test pressure in the pipe will give a quan t i t a t ive indica t ion of the size of the leak. A leak of .05 gal. per hour is considered bv most au- thorit ies as the l imit ing cri terion. -.

8. On page 329-24, insert after Pipe Line Tests- with Air the jollowing:

( N O T E : This test m a y not be conclusive.)

9. On page 329-37, revise "seeks" to "seek" in the first line.

10. On page '329-,37, add to the end of the second paragraph " o r from d r y to w e t . "

77. On page 329-40, revise "s ta t ions" to " t anks" in the last line of the •first .full paragraph.

Report of the Committee on Flammable Liquids General'Storage of Flammable Liquids€¦ · ·...

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