REPORT N9 31...6-8 cm, steel meshes of basket measuring 4.5 x 7.0 cm. 2.25 m (7 ft 4 ins) Baird...

1IJ

REPORT N9 31

.Publ i3hed by lhe Direcror or Fisher i* and Witdt i te, perth,under lhe aulhority ol the tton. Mini3t€r tor Fi3herjes snd Witdtito

Pecten Scallop SurveyIn Southern Geographe

Bay , Septemb er l9l 6

D. t .BY

HEALD

1 9 7 7

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CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

I NTRODUCTI ON

METHODS

A. EquipmentB. Survey Procedures

RESULTS

A. Topography of the Survey AreaB. Details of [Iau]-s and ConditionsC. Scaltop Stocks ancl the Inf luence of Var ious

Factors on Catch RateD. Size of Dredged Scal lopsE. TaggingI ' r : r .h Cr r r . r t6\ t

D I S C U S S I O N

A. Dredge Eff iciencyB. Avai labl-e Stocks of PectenC. Possibi l i t ies for Commercial Exploitat ionD. Reconnendations for Future Study

ACKNOWLEDG EMENTS

REFERENCES

TABLES

Details of dredge hauls and dreilging conditionsduring the survey in Geographe Bay' in Septe berL 9 7 6 .

Details of hauls, nuhber and mean height and catchrate of Peeten scal lops and addit ional informat ionon associated catch in September !976 in GeographeBay .

Frequency of Pecten, densi ty of . Pecten and CttLamg sper square metre and types of sediment encounteredby grab sampJ-ing along Transects 1-27 and at Stati.ons

Page

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F I G U R E S ( C o n r d . )

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The percentage of the total grabs (C), total 39g rab -caugh t Pec ten (D) , and ChLanAs (E ) ,associated \dith each sediment type is shown,together with the percentage of grabs on eachsed imen t wh ich caughb Pec ten (B ) , ChLamys (A ) ,and seagrass (F ) .

a , b , c . The s i ze compos i t i on o f Pec ten sca l l ops 40in Geographe Bay in : -

(a) February 1976; (b) and (c) Septenber L976.

The upper sample (a), was taken by 1.22 m Bairddredges with I mm plastic mesh lining. The

middl-e sample (b), consists of the coftbined mea-surable catches of both Lh.e I .22 m and 2.25 mdredges each without f ine plast ic mesh l in ing.The histogram marked (c) is the total measurabl-ecatch of 393 grab shots with the 0.5 m2 Bairdgrab .

PLATES

The Fisher ies Reseafch Vessel "Fl inders" whichundertook rL]:,e Pecten scallop surveys in Februaryand Septemlcer 1976 in southern Geographe Bay.

The half square metre Baird Grab with coversto prevent escape of scal lops i lur ing sett ingand hauling is shown in the closed. position in itsdeck stand aboard "R.V. Fl inders".

The commerc ia l 2.25 m scal lop dredge, in i tssetf-tipping cradle is shown together with rocksand debrls caught on a foul haul in Septenber 1976in southern Geographe Bay .

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A . EQUIPMEIfT

Three types of equipment were used in the survey:-

( r )

( i i )

L.22 m (4 f t ) Baird sty le dredge, inter- tooth spacing6 -8 cm, s tee l meshes o f baske t measur ing 4 .5 x 7 .0 cm.

2 .25 m (7 f t 4 i ns ) Ba i rd s t y le d redge , o f commerc ia ls ize, inter- tooth spacing 3-4 cms, seeel basket meshes4 . 5 x 7 . 0 c m . ( p l a t e 2 1 .

In the Februa ry 1975 su rvey by J .w . Penn ' t he I . 22 m d redgewas used with f ine plast ic mesh to retain smal l scal lops butin the September survey unlined dredges were used: -

1. to sample commercial s ized scal lops more ef fect ively;

2. to reduce clogging which may have caused the dredge tof i l l qu j -ck ly and thus ca tch ine f f i a ian+ l r r €^? +h6

rernaind.er of the haul .

Ci i i ) a 0.5 m2 Baird grab, capable of accurately sampl inglarger organisms, such as scal lops, wi thin a hal fsquare metre G)late 3I . The grab could be preset toto a known deDth, with a maximum of about 22 cm (8

penetratesqudre meEre u)rate J l . ' Ine grab cou]-d beto a known depth, with a maximum of about c m ( 8 i n s ) .A pl-ast ic mesh cover was used. over the top of the jawsto prevent scal lops escaping with the wash dur inghaul ing. This al ternat ive method of sampl ing wouldsample al l s izes of scal lops present ef fect ively,without the select ion expected from the dredge teethand baske! meshes. The grab could also reveal areasunsuitable for dredqes when used in advance of them.

SURVEY PROCEDURES

Dredge trials on mud in I0 fathoms in Cockburn Sound and onmedium grained sand in 5 fathoms off Swanbourne Beach hadpreviously eseabl ished that t .he fol lowing haul ing condit ionswould produce optimum catch rates:

1. I lauls should cover 0.3 sea mi les to facj- l i tate posi t ionf i x i ng by rada r wh ich i s p rec i se to on l - y 0 .1 nau t i ca lm i l e s .

Fo r t he 2 .25 m d redge , bes t ca tch ra tes r re re aL 2 -2 \knots ground speed. on sand and at 3+ knots on mud..The opt imum towing speed for Ehe L.22 m d.redge,although unknown, was presumed to be of the same orderr c f n r + h a 1 r ? d 6 r A r . a A a a a n r r a a + i n n n f- . - - e n g l n e r . p . m .could. be made after hauls to al1ow for chanqinq windand swel l .

2 .

A

Haul durat ion should be 5 minutes for the 1.22to prevent overf i l l ing and 10 minutes for thedredge which has a much larger capaci ty.

Warp to depth ratios (warp calculated from topcradle) should be 6 : 1 or less for depths ofor more.

m dredge,2 . 2 5 m

of t ipperfB metres

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The benthic topography is dominated. by: ( i ) a steep shel fwhich f lat tens out to the east; and ( i i ) a considerable areaof rough rocky bottom (see Figure 2, black patches) whichruns in a broken band SE,/NW along the shel-f . Adjacent depthsoundings (made 150 metres apart) which revealed suddenchanges in depth, were used. as the basis for out l in ing theseareas of rough rocky bottom. The changes were thought torepresent ei ther depressions in the shel ter of rocky groundor pinnacles of reef. Isolated seagrass meadows, record.ed.down to depths of 32 metres \^rere replaced in d.eeper water bya zone of sponge and l ive cora1.

The Department 's diver reported the presence of dist inct ivefurrows which meandered in an approximatel-y perpendiculardirect ion from the shore. In the two hauls which he observedo f f P t P i cque t , t he fu r rows were 0 .1 me t res deep .

Dist inct ive sediments (Tabl-e 3, footnotes) were found. in thearea. Of these, a grey to orange-col-oured coarse to gravel lyquartz sand (sediment types 5 and 6) was frequent ly foundwith l ive Pecten and ChLanys, together with their shel l -s andfragrments, which were indicat ive also of former populat ionso f sca l l ops i n t h i s a rea . No l i ve Pec ten o r Ch lamys wereassociated with sedinent types 2 or 4, probably due to their1ow frequency in the grab sampl"es.

The major geological inf luence in the survey area has beenthe Dunsborough faul t which runs from NW to SE crossing thecoast at about Dunn Bay (not shown, but SE of limits of map,Figure 2). To the west of th is is the Leeuwin Block i^/hichhas been the major source of sedj-ments and is most ly Pre-cambrian grani t ic gneiss. To the east of the faul t , s l ippagehas produced a basin, which is now largely f i l - led by quartzsand. sediments. Isolated outcrops of green, possibly Jurassicrock (pers. comm. B. Balme) exposed by weather ing were alsolocated to the east of the fau1t. In deeper water, a bio-strome substrate with isofated pockets of quartz sand is morecornmon (pers. conn. ,J. Searle) .

DETAIIS OF HAULS AND CONDITIONS

Table I shows detai ls of sea and wind condit ions, vesselor ientat ion, speed, posi t ion, distance travel led, haul dur-at ion, warp requirement, and the cause of foul ing for indiv-idual hauls in this survey. The combinat ion of sea, wind,warp , vesse l r . p .m . , and d redge s i ze de te rm ined the e f fec t i vespeed in knots of the dredge under tow. The posi t ions ofdredge hauls are shown for the September ]-976 survey inFigure 2 and for the February L976 survey in Figure 3.

SCALLOP STOCKS AND THE INFLUENCE OF VAR] OUS FACTORS ON CATCHC .

Table 2 shows the actual catches of Pecten byof dredge in the Septenber 1976 survey and thestandard. ized to a 5 minute haul of the 1.22 mmult ip ly ing the numbers of Pecten caught withdredge by the fol lowing factor:

the two sizescatch rates

A ra^ aa l-rr r

L n e z . 2 5 m

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0T .- sz'zS ZZ'I

llor"rever, it can be seen f rom chenot differ substantiallY in fourThe best catch rates Etere taken

table below that speed didof the f ive categories.

in depths from 24-27 metres.

DEPTECATEGORY(METRtrS )

MEANDEPTH

(METRES )

I4EANCATCHRATE

MEANSPEED

(KNOrs )

N O .HAULS

l6- t_9

2 0 - 2 3

2 8 - 3 1

5 Z - 5 )

2 4 . 8? n (

3 Z . V

0

A <

n q

) e

, A

2 n

A

6

2 2

D .

The main difference between the two surveys was that in Febr-uary the best catch rates of scallops were in the deeper\" /ater of f Pt Picguet 0I .0- l - .5 naut ical mi les NE of the Point)rather than inshore where best catch rates were made in theSeptember survey. The majority of foul hauls was caused bytooth darnage through col l is ion with rocks, stones and rocksf i l l ing the dredges and resuft ing in poor perfornance, orseagrasses jarmning between the teeth and preventing theiref fect ive raking. (Table 1. )

SIZE OF DREDGED SCALLOPS

The size of scallops caught over che survey area in Septerbershowed little vari-ation between hauls with mean height perhaul ranging general ly f rom 63-73 mm (Table 2). The select-i .v i ty-of the gear is ehought to be responsible for the negat ivelyskewed s i ze d i s t r i bu t i on o f pec ten , (F igu re 8 (b ) ) . I n t heFebruary survey (Figure 8 (a) ) , scal lops in the size range20-45 run were retained by the f ine mesh pfast ic screens 1in-ing the dredge and the mean size of scal lops caught was 66 nr in.The mean size of al l dredge-caught Pecten in the Septembersurvey was 69 mm and the modal c lass was 71-75 mn comparedwith the February mode of 65-70 mm. The proport ion ofscal lops l -arger than 70 mm had r isen from 37? in February(r ' igure 8 (a) ) to 54? in September (Figure 8 (b) ) . Al thoughdif ference in the overal l s ize composit ion is probabfy dueeo sefeceion, sel-ect iv i ty at the modal s ize is unl ikely tobe important and it seems probab.Ie that at least some of thechange in modal posi t ion represents growth, of the sameorder as previously observed in Cockburn Sound. The dottedI ines d.rawn at 70 mm on Figures 8 (a) to 8 (c) represent anarbi t rary div j -s lon into size (> 70 tnm ) and undersize scal lops(< 70 mm) as 70 nan would be the smal lest s ize for ef f ic ientp rocess ing .

)

1 0

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a

d

9NI99VT

Two further sites which might prove promising, (marked A, Bon Figure 5) y ielded scal lops at a densi ty of two per squaremetre in successful grabs. Area A is rough rocky groundunsuitable for dredging. Insuff ic ient is known about area Bfor comment.

Factors Inf luencing Grab Catches

In Table 4, catches of Pecten taken by indiv iduaL grab shotsare given for t ransects and stat ions, together with the assoc-iated cat 'ches of ChLangs sca11ops, al ive and dead, othermol luscs, seagrass, ard the sediment type in each grab.

CaLches of l ive Pecten were usual ly taken ei ther associatedwith or in c lose proximity to l - ive Chlamgs (Tabl-e 4). L ivePecten were not cornrnonly associated with seagrass, due prob-abl-y to the di f f icul ty of burying in sediment containingex tens i ve roo t ma ts (Tab le 4 ) .

For the six sediment types l isted as footnotes to Tabl-es 3and 5, eighty-seven grabs contained. type I sediment , twograbs type 2, fo.ur grabs type 3, seven grabs type 4, l -05g rabs t ype 5 , and 175 g rabs t ype 5 . A tes t o f s i gn i f i cancecould be undertaken only for sed. iment types I , 5, and 5 asthere were too few resul ts for the other sediment types. Thechi square test showed that the observed frequencies of Pectenon these three sediments were signi f icant ly di f ferent f rom theexpected frequencies (p < .0f) . Figure 7, shows that type 5sediment was the most product ive of Pecteni 508 of the totalgrab catch of Pecten was caughC in this sed. iment which waspresent in only 272 of grabs. In ad.di t ion 2L? of grabs ont]?e 5 sediment contained Pecten. Type 6 sediment was thenext most product ive. Of the total grabs, 45? contained type6 sedi .ment and these caught 38? of al l grab-ca\ghL Pectenwith 10% of grabs on this sediment y ielding Pecben. Sedimenttypes 5 and 6 together accounted for 84? of EoLaI ChLamgscaught. The relat ive incidences of seagrass in each sedimentt ype were t ype I (30? ) , t ype 2 ( I 0OZ, bo th g rabs ) , t ypes 3 and4 no g rabs w i th seagrass , t ype 5 (44 ) , and t ype 6 (239 ) .

The size composit ion of grab-caught scatr lops (Figure 8 (c) ) isinterest ing for two reasons. First ly, i t demonstrates thebimodal i ty of the Pecten stock in Geographe Bay j -n September,indicat ing the presence of a strong recrui t c lass f i rst det-ected in February, and now with a mod.e at 56-60 mm, which waseffect ively masked by the select ion of large sized scal lopsduring dredging in September and secondly, because it demon-strates that providing the capture of smal ler s ized scal lops wasno t b iased by use o f t he g rab , l ess than one th i rd o f t he popu l -at ion of scal lops would have been at a s i-ze sui table for process-' i - - i f ! - r - ^ -rng , -L r caKen oy merhods o the r t han d redg ing (e .g . sk ind i v ing ) .

The mean densi t ies of ChLangs scal lops observed from the samegrah sampl ing var ied from 0.1- - 6.4 scal lops per square metrebetween transects (Table 3) and the actual- numbers caught inindiv idual grabs ranged from 0-33 Chlamys per grab (= 0-66ChTanys pe r m ' ) . The ove ra l - l mean o f 0 .82 Ch lamgs pe r squaremetre is unl ikely to be of commercial densi ty. This f igure isbased on a total of 196 square metres sampled by grab.

I 2

TT

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NOISSN]SIG Ai

ICNSICI,{,{S S9qEEq.V

B AVAILABLE STOCKS OF PZ'CZENI

Desp i te the l i ke l i hood o f t he d redge ' s i ne f f i c i ency on theundulaeing substraee of the survey area in southern GeographeBay, the ivai l -able seock of scal lops there appears to be lowboln in terms of the very limited area where the best catchrates were taken and also from the mean density revealed bygrab at 0.3 scal lops per square metre.

f f i t can be assumed that a 2.25 m commercial dredge f ishingtfor 10 minutes would catch approximately four t imes as wel las a L.22 m dredge f ishing for 5 minutes, the average of f i f ty-f ive scal lops per standard haul for the four best Septernlcerhauls, wou:-a uL 220 scal lops per 10 minute coff i -ercial- haul-Assuming four haul-s itl an hour to allow for turnaround ' thiswould be equivalent to 44 kg per hour. Using simi l -ar calcul-at ions to Convert the catches per standard haul in Septemberto equivalent hour ly catch rates with a cornmercia1 2.25 mdredge, the thir ty-seven hauls remainj-ng af ter el iminat ion offoul and unsat isfactory hau1s, and excluding the four besthauls, ranged from 0 kg per hour to 26-4 kg per hour with amean of 7 -4 kg per hour and with onl-y one haul greater than30 kg per houi. To support normal economic dredging' minimumcatch iates would need to be considerably more than 44 kg perhour .

When compared with Cockburn Sound, the catch rates achieved ineeographe Bay were similar to those in the declining phase ofthe Coakburn sound Pecten f ishery, where the average hourlycatch rate dropped from 50 kg per hour by two vessels in late1971 to 25 kg by one vessel in ear ly L974 afLer which thef i she ry ceased .

By contrast, the previous peak of that fishery, betweeneugust and November 1970, y ielded catch rates of 220-400 kgp"i hou. (up to 10 bags per 10 nr inute haul) over an area cal-Lulated to be 3.5 square sea mi l -es which supported thir tyvessels. By comparison, a much smal ler area' est imated to bel i t t le more than hal f a square sea mi le, provided the bestcatch rates in Sepeenber and February in Geographe Bay.

Ilowever, it may prove more practical in the rough bottom con-di t j -ons to use a L.22 m dredge in which case the average off i f ty- f ive scal lops per standard haul for the four best Sep-temblr hauls would convert Lo 22 kg per hour, based on eight5 minute hauls per hour allowing for tr:.rnaround.

POSSIBILITIES FOR COMMERCIAI EXPLOITATION

If a suitable method can be found for harvesting the smallstock in Geographe Bay, the prof i tabi l iey of . the f ishery wouldprobably be close to break-even point ' even i f overheads \4terekept low. An important economic factor woufd be wheehers"- l lops $/ere to be processed with roes on or of f . A sampleof f i f ly scal lops from Geographe Bay, taken in late Februaryshowed that most had recently spawned so that meat recoveryat that time rr/ould be alrnost entirely provided by the muscle'Thus it appears that the Geographe Bay Pecten stock is repro-ductively in phase wj-l']n Pecten in Cockburn Sound which also

I 4

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ACKNOt,,lLEDGEMENTS

Special thanks are due to Petty of f icef Cot in Mitchel l and his div ingteam from H.M.A. S . Leeur,rrin f or their extensive support wieh theprogranune in providing diving observations during preliminary trialswith the dredges; eo the Department I s divers Ray Stalker, GordonLymn, and Lindsay JoI1; to Research Officer Jim Penn for usefuladvice and practical suggestions during the planning and executionof th is survey, and to Dr D. Hancock for cr i t ical ly reading thisreport. The sediments were kindly identified by Dr Ray Brown andinformation on the geology of Geographe Bay was supplied by ProfessorB. Balme and Jim Searle all of the Geolog"y Department of the Univer-si ty of w.A. t {r K. Back assisted in the September survey and prep-ared the Figures .

V I REFERENCES

Baird, R.I I . ( f955). "A prel iminary report on a ne\, I type of cotnmerc-i a l esca l fop d redge" . J . Cons . pe rm. i n l ; . ExpLor ' . Mer , ' 29 - (3 ) ,2 9 0 - 2 9 4 .

Ba i rd , R .H . and G ibson , r .A . (1956) . "Underwa te r obse rva t i ons one s c a l l o p ( P e c t e n m a a i m u s ( f , . ) J U e a s " . J . m d r . b i o l . A s s . U . K . "3 5 , 5 5 5 - 5 6 2 .

Baird, R.H. (1957) . "The Baird sledge dredge and i ts handJ- ing".MAFF Labona to rg Lea f l e t l t r o . L5 ' 6p .

Ba i rd , R . I I . ( 1959) . "Fac to rs a f fec t i ng the e f f i c i ency o f d redges" .fn "Modern f ishing gear of the world." Ed. by I I . Kr ist jonsson.F i sh ing Neus (Books ) L td , London . 222 -224 .

Caddy, ,1, f . ( I968). "Underwater observat ions on scal lop ( .PlaeopectennageL lan i cus ) behav iou r and d rag e f f i c i ency " . J . F i sh . Res .B d C a n . , 2 5 J 2 7 2 3 - 2 1 4 1 '

caddy, J.F. (1970). "A mech'od of surveying scal lop popuJ-at ions froma s u b m e r s i b l e " . J , F i s h . R e s . B d C a n . ' 4 ' 5 3 5 - 5 4 9 .

Mason, J. and Colman, J.S. (1955). "Note on a short- term rnarkingexperiment on the scalJ-op Pecten marimus (L.) in the Tsle ofMan" . Rep . mar . b io l . S tn ,Po r t Ev ' i n No . 67 ' 2p .

Mason , J . , C t rapman , C .J . , and K innear , J .A .M. ( I 975 ) . "Popu la t i on

abund.ance and dredge eff ic iency studies on the scal lop Pectenma*imus [L. ) . Paper No. 40 SpdciaMeet ing on Populat ion Assess-m e n t s o f S h e l l f i s h S t o c k s , I . C . E . S .

Ro1fe, M.S. (1969). "The determinat ion of the abundance of escal l -opsand of the ef f ic iency of the Baird escal lop dredge". SheII-f i sh and Ben thos Commi t tee . CU I969 ,zK :22 I .C .E .S . 8p .

Sh iokawa , T . , Kuwaoka , M . , Fu juk i , T . , and Ta te i sh i . , M . (1968) ."studies on the Ark Shel l in onura Bay. I . Est imat ions ofthe total number of Ark Shells in a test area and catchinge f f i c i ency o f t he A rk She l - l d redge" . BuLL . Jap . Soc . sc ien t .F i s h , , 3 ! G ) , 3 1 0 - 3 7 4 .

1 6

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2 5 823926026r2 6 22632642652662 6 726426927027I2 7 22 7 32 7 42 7 52 7 62 7 72 7 A

2802812422 8 32A42 8 52862A72 8 82 8 9 F29029r2922932942952962 9 72982993 0 03 0 r3023 0 33 0 43 0 53 0 83073 0 83 0 931031r312

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I NotocaXl is ta sP.

L Dosaf l ia sP.EOUL CRAB, SPONGE AND ROCK IN JAWS

I Megaca" i lata sP. Pas idon i .a augt?a lns

Po6 i .d .on ia a e t rd l i . I

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STATIONNUMBER

SEDI!4ENT!YPE

11I 2I3L 41 51 5t71 8192 0 F

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FOUL, GRAB BADIY DA},IAGEDE e t e r o z o B t e ? a s p .UNABI]E TO REPAIR

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NqTES:

1 .

2 .

3 ,

Fou l g rabs are s ign i f ied by F in g rab nurnber co lunn.

Refer to Figure 6 for Posilion of tlesects anal stations.

A dlescription of the sedinent irhicb also appears as a footnote to Table 3 is giveD below:-

Ilq! frne grain quartzose line sand, irith aburdant angular shell fra.rroents and other skeletalna ter i ' r i l - co lour q rey , s ize o f par t i c les 0 .1 .5 m on averaqe.

!!!!:L minly fine sand (rype 1) and some srawelly coalse sand (rype 5). Abundlance of blackpignentedl carbonate grains. Colour dlalk grey.

I!!El nainly fine qualtzose lirE san.l (rype 1) tosether with a tlace of coarse orange suartzsanal (Type 4) -

M!_ll minly well sorted coarse orange quartz sand. Minor anount of linestone andt fresh skeletalfragnents. colour orange, fron iron stains in qErtz qrains and as a coatinq over sketetalf lagments , s ize o f Far t i c les 0 .5 - Inm.

1:!L1 sraverly coarse-very coarse calcareo'trs sanal $ith abunilant skeletal material, poorly sorted.co lou ! b rown, s ize o f par t l c les 7 -AnI t . Ch ldn !s anA Pecte i she l l f ragmenes present .

TYPE 6 Min1y coarse qravelty sand irith sone fine sand. crey colour fron black pignenteil grains ofskeletal naterial. ChLany, and Pecten sl]ell fragrents present.

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FIGURE 8 a ,b 'c . The s ize compos i t ion o t Pec ten sca l lopsin Geographe BaY in 3

(a) FebruarY 1976

and(b) , .c ) sep tenber 1976.

The upper sample (a ) , was taken by 1 .22m Ba i rd d redgeswith Srun plastic rnesh lining. The lower sarnple (b) 'consists of the contcined measurable catches of both the1.22 m and 2 .25 m dredges, each w i thout f ine F las t ic meshlining. The histogram marked (c) is the total measurablecatch of 393 grab shots with the 0.5 mz Baird grab.

z

SHELL HEIGHT (mm)

o) SAMPLING OEVICE:1.22m, SAIRD OREDGEwllH 8mm. MESH CoVER.

FEBRUARY 1976N : 3 2 8

b ) $ M P U N 6 0 E V | C E S :

1 . 2 2 m . B A I R D D R E D G E .

2 . 2 5 m . S C A L L O P O R E D G E .

S E P T E M E E R 1 9 7 6

N : 7 7 e

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z

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SHELL HE IGHT (mm)

50 70 8C

HEIGHT (mm )

c ) S A M P U N G D E V I C E :

0 , 5 m 2 B A I R D G R A B

N : 5 8

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2 . +^ h1 .6r r6h l -

hauling is shownstand aboard "R.V.

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REPORT N9 31...6-8 cm, steel meshes of basket measuring 4.5 x 7.0 cm. 2.25 m (7 ft 4 ins) Baird...

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Transcript of REPORT N9 31...6-8 cm, steel meshes of basket measuring 4.5 x 7.0 cm. 2.25 m (7 ft 4 ins) Baird...