Report From International Committee Report From International Committee on Future Accelerators (ICFA)on Future Accelerators (ICFA)

By Jonathan Dorfan, Chair ICFABy Jonathan Dorfan, Chair ICFA

Global Design Effort Meeting Frascati, Global Design Effort Meeting Frascati, December 7-9, 2005December 7-9, 2005

The Role of ICFAThe Role of ICFA Charter and AegisCharter and Aegis ICFA was created to facilitate international collaboration in the ICFA was created to facilitate international collaboration in the

construction and use of accelerators for high energy physics. It was construction and use of accelerators for high energy physics. It was created in 1976 by IUPAPcreated in 1976 by IUPAP

Its purpose, as stated in 1985, are as follows:Its purpose, as stated in 1985, are as follows: To promote international collaboration in all phases of the

construction and exploitation of very high energy accelerators To organize regularly world-inclusive meetings for the exchange

of information on future plans for regional facilities and for the formulation of advice on joint studies and uses

To organize workshops for the study of problems related to super high-energy accelerator complexes and their international exploitation and to foster research and development of necessary technology

ICFA MEMBERSHIP July 2005ICFA MEMBERSHIP July 2005 CanadaCanada D. KarlenD. Karlen

CERN Member StatesCERN Member States T. AkessonT. AkessonR. AymarR. AymarA. WagnerA. Wagner

ChinaChina H. ChenH. Chen

JapanJapan S. KomamiyaS. Komamiya Y. TotsukaY. Totsuka

RussiaRussia V. RubakovV. Rubakov Y. TikhonovY. Tikhonov

USAUSA J. Dorfan (Chair)J. Dorfan (Chair) P. OddoneP. Oddone S. DawsonS. Dawson

Other CountriesOther Countries S. NovaesS. Novaes V. SahniV. Sahni D. SonD. Son

C11C11 V. LV. Lüüthth

Secretariat: R. Rubinstein, B. BeuaseroySecretariat: R. Rubinstein, B. Beuaseroy

http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/icfa/

Albrecht Wagner will take over as the next Chair of ICFA in January 2006

Global Planning and Cooperation Global Planning and Cooperation ―― A Must for HEPA Must for HEP

Never before has a field of science attempted to globalize Never before has a field of science attempted to globalize itself as extensively as HEP has done recently. It is a itself as extensively as HEP has done recently. It is a challenging task, but one that must be accomplished. challenging task, but one that must be accomplished. Indeed the long-term health of the field depends critically Indeed the long-term health of the field depends critically on truly global cooperationon truly global cooperation

The necessity for global coordination was formalized by The necessity for global coordination was formalized by ICFA in its May 1993 ICFA Statement entitled ICFA in its May 1993 ICFA Statement entitled “International Collaboration in the Construction of “International Collaboration in the Construction of Future Large Accelerator Projects”.Future Large Accelerator Projects”.

ICFA’s role was crucial for the ultimate realization of a ICFA’s role was crucial for the ultimate realization of a global global LHC and is crucial for launching the ILCLHC and is crucial for launching the ILC

ICFA and the Linear ColliderICFA and the Linear Collider

ICFA has been helping guide international cooperation on the Linear Collider ICFA has been helping guide international cooperation on the Linear Collider since the mid 1990’s. Major early steps:since the mid 1990’s. Major early steps:

1995:1995: First ILC Technical Review Committee (TRC) Report, First ILC Technical Review Committee (TRC) Report, with Greg Loew as Chairwith Greg Loew as Chair

1999:1999: ICFA Statement on Linear Collider ICFA Statement on Linear Collider

2002:2002: ICFA commissioned the second Report, ICFA commissioned the second Report, with Greg Loew as Chairwith Greg Loew as Chair

2002:2002: ICFA Forms the International Linear Collider ICFA Forms the International Linear Collider Steering Committee ( ILCSC)Steering Committee ( ILCSC)

2003: ILCSC establishes International Technology Recommendation Panel (ITRP)

2005:2005: ICFA/ILCSC Establishes GDE ICFA/ILCSC Establishes GDE

THERE HAS BEEN ENORMOUS PROGRESS ON THERE HAS BEEN ENORMOUS PROGRESS ON INTERNATIONALIZING LC IN PAST 3 YEARSINTERNATIONALIZING LC IN PAST 3 YEARS

The ITRP recommendation to base linac design on SCRF was presented to The ITRP recommendation to base linac design on SCRF was presented to ILCSC & ICFA on August 19, 2004 in a joint meeting in Beijing. ILCSC & ICFA on August 19, 2004 in a joint meeting in Beijing.

ICFA unanimously endorsed the recommendation on August 20, 2004ICFA unanimously endorsed the recommendation on August 20, 2004

Global concept and cooperation endorsed by the world’s Global concept and cooperation endorsed by the world’s HEP Lab DirectorsHEP Lab Directors

The The International Linear ColliderInternational Linear Collider (ILC)(ILC) is Born is Born

•Global project is named International Linear Collider (ILC)

Global Design Effort (GDE) Global Design Effort (GDE) Established March 2005Established March 2005

February 2005, at TRIUMF, ILCSC and ICFA unanimously February 2005, at TRIUMF, ILCSC and ICFA unanimously endorsed the sub-Committee’s choice for GDE Directorendorsed the sub-Committee’s choice for GDE Director

On March 18, 2005On March 18, 2005

Barry Barish Barry Barish

officially acceptedofficially accepted

the position at the position at

the opening of the opening of

LCWS 05 meeting LCWS 05 meeting

at Stanfordat Stanford

The World of The World of

Linear Colliders a ScantLinear Colliders a Scant

Two Years Ago – Four OptionsTwo Years Ago – Four Options

December 2005 --- Enormous Progress in 2 years:December 2005 --- Enormous Progress in 2 years:

.:

min nominal max

Bunch charge N 1 2 3 2x10^10

Number of bunches nb 1330 2820 5640

Linac bunch interval tb 154 308 461 ns

Bunch length z 150 300 500 mm

Vertical emittance y 0.03 0.04 0.08 mm.mrad

IP beta (500GeV) x 10 21 21 mm

y 0.2 0.4 0.4 mm

IP beta (1TeV) x 10 30 30 mm

y 0.2 0.3 0.6 mm

The parameters are slightly revised since the tentative parameter set (Suggested ILC Beam Parameter Space.) which was distributed in February 2005 in order to take into account the following new features from the Snowmass Workshop.The nominal accelerating gradient should be 31.5 MV/m for the 500 GeV stage, and 36 MV/m for the upgrade stage with Q0=10^10 for both cases.

International Community centered on One OptionInternational Community centered on One Option

GDE Baseline Params about to be adopted:GDE Baseline Params about to be adopted:

WWS Working in Close Coordination WWS Working in Close Coordination with GDEwith GDE

““LDC”LDC”““LDC”LDC” ““GLD”GLD”““GLD”GLD”SiDSiDSiDSiD

Main TrackerMain Tracker

EM CalorimeterEM Calorimeter

Had CalorimeterHad Calorimeter

Cryostat / SolenoidCryostat / Solenoid

Iron Yoke / Muon System Iron Yoke / Muon System

Main TrackerMain Tracker

EM CalorimeterEM Calorimeter

Had CalorimeterHad Calorimeter

Cryostat / SolenoidCryostat / Solenoid

Iron Yoke / Muon System Iron Yoke / Muon System

SiD: Silicon Detector SiD: BR2

Small, ‘all’ silicon LDC: Large Detector Concept LDC: B R2

TPC based GLD: Global Large Detector GLD: B R2

LDCGLD

3 detector concepts under study with full international involvement3 detector concepts under study with full international involvement

and active cooperation with ILCSC/GDEand active cooperation with ILCSC/GDE

The GDE Plan and Schedule The GDE Plan and Schedule

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Global Design Effort Project

Baseline configuration

Reference Design

ILC R&D Program

Technical Design

Expression of Interest to Host

International Mgmt

LHCPhysics

GDE -- WE MUST SUCCEEDGDE -- WE MUST SUCCEED

The GDE is off to a terrific startThe GDE is off to a terrific start We have outstanding leadership and an aggressive plan which defines the key

milestones We have realized an organization that is truly internationally constituted:

representation and influence are extremely well balanced across the three regions

But time is passing and we CANNOT fail to meet our near term milestones. But time is passing and we CANNOT fail to meet our near term milestones. Having set them, the “world” is watchingHaving set them, the “world” is watching

To the GDE Leadership I offer:To the GDE Leadership I offer:You need to pick up the pace of the technical work—the accelerator troops are You need to pick up the pace of the technical work—the accelerator troops are getting anxious to see faster progressgetting anxious to see faster progress

To the Community, especially the leadership, I offer:To the Community, especially the leadership, I offer: Provide the leeway and support to the GDE so they do not have to balance every Provide the leeway and support to the GDE so they do not have to balance every action action regionallyregionally. For each important action, we must work to our strengths.. For each important action, we must work to our strengths.

The ILC is a very challenging machine: The most important imperative now is to produce the technically best, most cost-optimized design possible. That means utilizing the best talent and centers of excellence we have. Every decision that the GDE leadership makes cannot be expected to balance regional representation – rather taken as a whole, the GDE process will achieve regional balance

The Role of GovernmentsThe Role of Governments

Governments are the key – they will make the decisions Governments are the key – they will make the decisions that lead to the establishment of an ILC projectthat lead to the establishment of an ILC project

The scientific community, through ICFA, are The scientific community, through ICFA, are maintaining close contact with the key government maintaining close contact with the key government agencies agencies

The main forum is the Funding Agencies for Linear Collider (FALC), which meets about twice a year. Major strategy steps (like ITRP, GDE etc) are discussed with FALC to ensure acceptance by the governments of ICFA’s actions

FALC has now established a Resource Group to make coordination yet more frequent and responsive

The Momentum is Picking Up The Momentum is Picking Up WorldwideWorldwide

Serious discussion within governments in all three regions is Serious discussion within governments in all three regions is intensifying. Recognition of the ILC as a crucial element of intensifying. Recognition of the ILC as a crucial element of international science is growing:international science is growing: This is strongly driven by our community’s fervent and demonstrated

commitment to make the difficult choices needed to ensure a truly international project

Funding for R&D worldwide is about $70M. Even in these difficult Funding for R&D worldwide is about $70M. Even in these difficult financial times, one sees growth in all three regionsfinancial times, one sees growth in all three regions

Studies of the future of HEP, ongoing in all three regions, are Studies of the future of HEP, ongoing in all three regions, are anticipated to endorse anticipated to endorse even more stronglyeven more strongly the tri-regional unanimity the tri-regional unanimity for the rapid realization of the ILC. We anticipate these studies to for the rapid realization of the ILC. We anticipate these studies to conclude before Summer 2006conclude before Summer 2006

Science Magazine:EditorialScience Magazine:Editorial“Bullish on Particles” by Michael S. Turner “Bullish on Particles” by Michael S. Turner

Particle physics was, until recently, the flagship of U.S. physics, if not U.S. science. With ever Particle physics was, until recently, the flagship of U.S. physics, if not U.S. science. With ever larger "atom smashers" and such charismatic figures as J. Robert Oppenheimer and larger "atom smashers" and such charismatic figures as J. Robert Oppenheimer and Richard Feynman, the field attracted the best and the brightest. These U.S. scientists Richard Feynman, the field attracted the best and the brightest. These U.S. scientists garnered Nobel Prizes and public fame, becoming academic leaders and government garnered Nobel Prizes and public fame, becoming academic leaders and government advisors. The close association with national security that grew out of the Manhattan advisors. The close association with national security that grew out of the Manhattan Project guaranteed both prominence and funding priority. But in 1993, the perfect storm Project guaranteed both prominence and funding priority. But in 1993, the perfect storm hit: The $10 billion Superconducting Super Collider was canceled, the Cold War ended, and hit: The $10 billion Superconducting Super Collider was canceled, the Cold War ended, and life sciences rose to prominence. Since then, we've seen flat budgets, more canceled projects, life sciences rose to prominence. Since then, we've seen flat budgets, more canceled projects, and no firm prospects for high-energy accelerator experiments on U.S. soil after 2009. In and no firm prospects for high-energy accelerator experiments on U.S. soil after 2009. In today's "flat world" where technology has made science around the world tightly today's "flat world" where technology has made science around the world tightly interconnected, the future of particle physics everywhere can be no brighter than it is in the interconnected, the future of particle physics everywhere can be no brighter than it is in the United States, and that future looks dark. United States, and that future looks dark. Despite this, I am bullish on the future of U.S. particle physics, and my reason is simple. Despite this, I am bullish on the future of U.S. particle physics, and my reason is simple. Right now, the field is poised for breakthroughs as stunning as those that followed Einstein's Right now, the field is poised for breakthroughs as stunning as those that followed Einstein's annus mirabilisannus mirabilis 100 years ago. The focus has shifted from searching for the smallest 100 years ago. The focus has shifted from searching for the smallest subatomic seed to understanding the universe and the nature of matter, energy, space, and subatomic seed to understanding the universe and the nature of matter, energy, space, and time. Big questions are ripe for answering. What is the "dark matter" that holds our galaxy time. Big questions are ripe for answering. What is the "dark matter" that holds our galaxy together? Where did space and time come from, and how many space-time dimensions are together? Where did space and time come from, and how many space-time dimensions are there? How did the universe begin, and what is the mysterious dark energy accelerating its there? How did the universe begin, and what is the mysterious dark energy accelerating its expansion? And perhaps the biggest question of all, one whose answer probably underlies all expansion? And perhaps the biggest question of all, one whose answer probably underlies all the others: How are the two pillars of modern physics--quantum mechanics and general the others: How are the two pillars of modern physics--quantum mechanics and general relativity--to be reconciled and a unified understanding of the forces of nature achieved? relativity--to be reconciled and a unified understanding of the forces of nature achieved? Particle physics is on the verge of something really big, as if the past 50 glory years were just Particle physics is on the verge of something really big, as if the past 50 glory years were just preparation. preparation.

As exciting as these opportunities are, the challenges are great and morale in the U.S. particle physics As exciting as these opportunities are, the challenges are great and morale in the U.S. particle physics community is low. With its link to national security severed, particle physics must now compete for community is low. With its link to national security severed, particle physics must now compete for funding and students with other fields that also have exciting agendas--from astrophysics and genomics funding and students with other fields that also have exciting agendas--from astrophysics and genomics to computer science and biophysics. Telescopes and underground laboratories to study dark energy and to computer science and biophysics. Telescopes and underground laboratories to study dark energy and dark matter are now as essential as accelerators, making planning more complicated and the cost of dark matter are now as essential as accelerators, making planning more complicated and the cost of discovery higher. And all of this in a time of constrained budgets for all science. discovery higher. And all of this in a time of constrained budgets for all science. As a U.S. scientist, I can't imagine the United States not taking part in the grand scientific adventure As a U.S. scientist, I can't imagine the United States not taking part in the grand scientific adventure ahead. Moreover, a reality of the flat world is that the field's big dreams will go unrealized if particle ahead. Moreover, a reality of the flat world is that the field's big dreams will go unrealized if particle physics can't right itself in the United States. Three things are essential to correct the situation. If physics can't right itself in the United States. Three things are essential to correct the situation. If particle physics is to be successful in garnering the needed funding and attracting the best people, the particle physics is to be successful in garnering the needed funding and attracting the best people, the field must lead with a broad scientific agenda, rather than defining itself by big atom-smashers as in the field must lead with a broad scientific agenda, rather than defining itself by big atom-smashers as in the past. Hosting a $5 billon electron-positron linear collider to follow the Large Hadron Collider now being past. Hosting a $5 billon electron-positron linear collider to follow the Large Hadron Collider now being built in Geneva would bring high-energy physics back to the United States and make a strong statement built in Geneva would bring high-energy physics back to the United States and make a strong statement of U.S. commitment to this field, but it must be the science, not merely the desire to reclaim the energy of U.S. commitment to this field, but it must be the science, not merely the desire to reclaim the energy frontier, that dictates whether to push forward with such an endeavor. There must also be a frontier, that dictates whether to push forward with such an endeavor. There must also be a commitment to diverse approaches. Recent discoveries (dark matter, dark energy, and neutrino mass) commitment to diverse approaches. Recent discoveries (dark matter, dark energy, and neutrino mass) remind us that other tools are just as essential. Finally, particle physics must achieve unprecedented (for remind us that other tools are just as essential. Finally, particle physics must achieve unprecedented (for any field) global coordination. Many of the critical projects on the path to answering the big questions any field) global coordination. Many of the critical projects on the path to answering the big questions exceed the financial resources of any one country or region. A strong national presence must be exceed the financial resources of any one country or region. A strong national presence must be balanced against a strategic global program. Not every facility can be located here, and a new strategy balanced against a strategic global program. Not every facility can be located here, and a new strategy of U.S. leadership must replace the old strategy of U.S. dominance. of U.S. leadership must replace the old strategy of U.S. dominance. In their zeal to explore the world of the unimaginably small, particle physicists have repeatedly shown In their zeal to explore the world of the unimaginably small, particle physicists have repeatedly shown that they can blaze new trails and overcome formidable barriers. I am willing to bet that particle that they can blaze new trails and overcome formidable barriers. I am willing to bet that particle physicists in the United States and around the world will come through again. With unprecedented physicists in the United States and around the world will come through again. With unprecedented opportunities for revolutionary breakthroughs, all of science should be pulling for them. opportunities for revolutionary breakthroughs, all of science should be pulling for them.

Michael S. Turner is Rauner Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago and Assistant Michael S. Turner is Rauner Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago and Assistant Director for Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the U.S. National Science Foundation.Director for Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the U.S. National Science Foundation.

ILCSC – Next StepsILCSC – Next Steps

ILCSC will continue to coordinate the worldwide ILC in ILCSC will continue to coordinate the worldwide ILC in accordance with its Charteraccordance with its Charter

GDE will continue to report to ILCSC until such time as the GDE will continue to report to ILCSC until such time as the GDE gets organized under a federation of worldwide GDE gets organized under a federation of worldwide government agencies. At that time ICFA will step aside government agencies. At that time ICFA will step aside

A natural time for ICFA/ILCSC to hand off the GDE A natural time for ICFA/ILCSC to hand off the GDE oversight to such a body would be at the end of next year oversight to such a body would be at the end of next year when the Reference Design is completewhen the Reference Design is complete

You will hear more about ILCSC in the next talkYou will hear more about ILCSC in the next talk

ConclusionsConclusions

We Live in Extraordinary Times We Live in Extraordinary Times

At no time in the history of particle physics has the scientific landscape presented us with such an exciting spectrum of unanswered questions! The LHC will make major discoveries that challenge that agenda, but to engage the fullness of the scientific quest will take a companion TeV Linear Collider

The success of the GDE process is essential – we must achieve the near term milestones if we expect to secure the increased government support both for the R&D funds to complete the design and for building the project

SO KEEP UP THE MOMENTUM………IT IS MY SO KEEP UP THE MOMENTUM………IT IS MY STRONG BELIEF THAT WE WILL GET TO BUILD STRONG BELIEF THAT WE WILL GET TO BUILD AND COMPLETE THE ILC IN THE NEXT DECADEAND COMPLETE THE ILC IN THE NEXT DECADE