exposing a person

to abusive actions

repeatedly over

time

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

› HOME

Void of consistent adult supervision

Hostile

Authoritarian

rejecting

Supportive of aggression as a way of solving

conflicts

Run by adults who model bully behavior

SCHOOL› Crowded

› Not have a clear and consistent policy regarding bullying

› Not have adequate adult supervision

› Not have a staff trained in identifying bullies

› Have an administrative staff overwhelmed with discipline problems

› Treat every student conflict as mutual combat

› Not take the time to track violent behavioron campus

› Trade bullies with other schools as a means of discipline

COMMUNITY

› Are crowded because of poor housing

conditions

› Have a greater number of impoverished

families

› Have few or no positive recreational

opportunities for kids

› Have few or no positive connections with police or city resources

› Allow gangs to be primary influence of

children in the streets

PERSONAL RISKS FACTORS

› Without adult supervision

› Who were once victims of other bullies

› Who are without positive role models

› Who are fascinated or obsessed with video

violence

› Whose physical or psychological attributes

allow them to dominate other children

PHYSICAL

› HITTING

› KICKING

› PUNCHING

› PUSHING

› STEALING

PSYCHOLOGICAL

› VERBAL

INSULTS

NAME CALLING

COMMENTS ON HOW YOU LOOK OR TALK

THREATS

ETHNOCULTURALLY BASED COMMENTS

PSYCHOLOGICAL

› SOCIAL

GOSSIPING

RUMOURS

IGNORING

NOT INCLUDING SOMEONE IN GROUP

ACTIVITIES

PHYSICAL

› Can hurt the young person’s body, damage

belongings or make the person feel badly

about himself or herself.

VERBAL

› Can make the young person feel badly

about himself or herself

SOCIAL

› Can make the young person feel alone and

not part of the group

SCHOOL BULLYING

CYBER BULLYING

WORKPLACE BULLYING

Is a subtle form of school violence

Bullying among children often leads to

greater and prolonged violence. Not

only does bullying harm the targets, it

also negatively affects students’ ability to

learn and achieve in school.

Feelings of persecution

Fear

Anger

Frustration

Anxiety

mood swings,

withdrawal from friends and family,

inability to concentrate

loss of interest in school

suicidal or retaliatory and violent.

Without support or intervention, students

who bully will continue to bully and may

engage in other types of antisocial

behavior and crime.

Students who passively participate in

bullying by watching may come to

believe that the behavior is acceptable

and that the adults at school either do

not care enough or are powerless to

stop it.

VICTIM

BULLY

DEFENDER

POSSIBLE DEFENDER

DISENGAGED ONLOOKER

PASSIVE SUPPORTER

SUPPORTER

FOLLOWER

Schoolwide interventions

schoolwide antibullying policy

survey of bullying problems at each

school

increased supervision

schoolwide assemblies

teacher in-service training

classroom rules against bullying

holding regular class meetings to discuss

bullying

scheduling meetings with all parents.

Model behavior that is inclusive and

promotes respect for others

Create cooperative learning

Develop peer mediation

Take immediate action when bullying is

observed

Incorporate classroom activities that

promote and builds self-esteem

Discuss bullying behavior and how hurtful

it can be to others

Model basic manners and respect for

friends, family and peers

Talk with children

Cyber bullying or online bullying is a term

used to refer to bullying over electronic

media.

Keep your child's computer in an open area of the house.

Install filtering software on the computer your child uses or use child-friendly search engines.

Instruct your child to never give out personal information online

Instruct your child to never meet in person with someone they first meet online.

Make sure your children know they should not respond to offensive or dangerous emails. Encourage your child to follow three simple steps: Stop, Block, and Tell."Stop" the correspondence immediately; responding can make the situation worse

"Block" the user from sending additional emails."Tell" a parent or trusted adult about the situation.

Visit the Web sites your child visits. Spend some time familiarizing yourself with your child's online world.

Be a responsible cyber citizen.

Finally, if a child sees something that is inappropriate or makes them uncomfortable, they should report it immediately to a parent.

refers to repeated, unreasonable

actions of individuals (or a group)

directed towards an employee (or a

group of employees), which are

intended to intimidate, degrade,

humiliate, or undermine; or which create

a risk to the health or safety of the

employee(s).

Unwarranted or invalid criticism

Blame without factual justification

Being treated differently than the rest of your work group

Being sworn at

Exclusion or social isolation

Being shouted at or being humiliated

Excessive monitoring or micro managing

Being given work unrealistic deadlines

Significant organizational change (i.e., major internal restructuring, technological change);

Worker characteristics (e.g., age, gender, parental status, apprentice or trainee);

Workplace relationships (e.g., inadequate information flow between organizational levels, lack of employee participation in decisions; and

Work systems (e.g., lack of policies about behavior, high rate and intensity of work, staff shortages, interpersonal conflict, organizational constraints, role ambiguity, and role conflict

High stress; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Financial problems due to absence

• Reduced self-esteem

• Musculoskeletal problems

Phobias

• Sleep and digestive disturbances

• Increased depression/self-blame

• Family tension and stress

Recognizing that you are being bullied;

Realizing that you are NOT the source of the problem;

Hold awareness campaigns for EVERYONE on what bullying is. Encourage reporting;

Ensure management has an active part in the staff they supervise, rather than being far removed from them;

Encourage open door policies;

Investigate the extent and nature of the problem. Conduct employee attitude surveys;

Improve management’s ability and sensitivity towards dealing with and responding to conflicts; and

Establish an independent contact for employees (e.g., Human Resources contact).