Renewing the Sectional Renewing the Sectional StruggleStruggle

Chapter 18Chapter 18

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

Newly acquired territory Newly acquired territory from Mexico caused from Mexico caused issues b/t the North and issues b/t the North and the Souththe SouthNortherners supported Northerners supported the Wilmot the Wilmot Proviso/Southerners Proviso/Southerners blocked the Proviso’s blocked the Proviso’s passagepassageElection of 1848 Election of 1848 Democrats nominated Democrats nominated General Lewis Cass – General Lewis Cass – “Father of Popular “Father of Popular Sovereignty”Sovereignty”

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

The people liked popular sovereignty The people liked popular sovereignty because it tossed the slavery problem into because it tossed the slavery problem into the laps of the people.the laps of the people.

Whigs nominated Zachary TaylorWhigs nominated Zachary Taylor

Antislavery men in the North organized the Antislavery men in the North organized the Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party

Free Soil PlatformFree Soil Platform

Supported the Wilmot ProvisoSupported the Wilmot Proviso

Against slavery in the territoriesAgainst slavery in the territories

California Gold RushCalifornia Gold Rush

1848 Gold is discovered in California1848 Gold is discovered in CaliforniaCalifornia becomes a state overnightCalifornia becomes a state overnight1849 California drafted a constitution that 1849 California drafted a constitution that excluded slavery and applied for excluded slavery and applied for admission to the unionadmission to the unionIf California was admitted into the union it If California was admitted into the union it would upset the balance; prior to 1849 would upset the balance; prior to 1849 there were 15 slave states and 15 free there were 15 slave states and 15 free statesstates

Sectional BalanceSectional Balance

Southerners were Southerners were angered by the angered by the abolition of slavery abolition of slavery in Washington D.C.in Washington D.C.

Underground Underground RailroadRailroad

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Clay, Webster and Calhoun come together Clay, Webster and Calhoun come together to negotiate a compromise to the to negotiate a compromise to the California issueCalifornia issue

Taylor seemed hell bent on vetoing any Taylor seemed hell bent on vetoing any compromisecompromise

Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore signed the Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore signed the compromise measurecompromise measure

Concessions to the Concessions to the NorthNorth

Concessions to the Concessions to the SouthSouth

California admitted as California admitted as a free statea free state

Territory disputed by Territory disputed by Texas and New Mexico Texas and New Mexico to be surrendered to to be surrendered to New MexicoNew Mexico

Abolition of the slave Abolition of the slave trade in the District of trade in the District of ColumbiaColumbia

The remainder of the The remainder of the Mexican Cession area Mexican Cession area to be formed into the to be formed into the territories of New territories of New Mexico and Utah, w/o Mexico and Utah, w/o restrictions on slavery, restrictions on slavery, hence open to popular hence open to popular sovereigntysovereignty

Texas to receive 10 Texas to receive 10 million in compensationmillion in compensation

Stringent fugitive Stringent fugitive slave lawsslave laws

Who got the better deal?Who got the better deal?

NorthNorth

California as a free California as a free state tipped the state tipped the balance permanently balance permanently against the southagainst the south

Many northerners Many northerners refused to carry out refused to carry out the Fugitive Slave the Fugitive Slave Laws which caused Laws which caused further resentment.further resentment.

Nicaragua…A state?Nicaragua…A state?

1852 Franklin Pierce 1852 Franklin Pierce became presidentbecame president

Pierce was in favor of Pierce was in favor of expansionismexpansionism

Nicaragua was of Nicaragua was of particular interestparticular interest

Led to a treaty b/t Led to a treaty b/t America and Britain that America and Britain that said neither country could said neither country could fortify or secure any fortify or secure any isthmian waterway isthmian waterway

America Becomes a Pacific PowerAmerica Becomes a Pacific Power

Commodore Matthew Commodore Matthew Perry opened up Perry opened up Japan for trade in the Japan for trade in the 1850s1850sAmericans attempted Americans attempted to seize Cuba from to seize Cuba from SpainSpainWhen Northerners got When Northerners got wind of the plan wind of the plan outrage…Pierce outrage…Pierce dropped the ideadropped the idea

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

Transcontinental railroad Transcontinental railroad proposed to solve proposed to solve transportation problemstransportation problemsBest route was south of the Best route was south of the Mexican border because Mexican border because federal troops were in the area federal troops were in the area to protect the railroadto protect the railroadGadsden Purchase – gave Gadsden Purchase – gave Mexico $10 millionMexico $10 millionNortherners supported building Northerners supported building transcontinental railroad transcontinental railroad through Nebraska but through Nebraska but Nebraska was unorganizedNebraska was unorganized

Kansas Nebraska SchemeKansas Nebraska Scheme

Large numbers of Large numbers of pioneers already living on pioneers already living on the border of Nebraska the border of Nebraska and Missouriand MissouriStephen Douglas Stephen Douglas supported (1) ending the supported (1) ending the deadlock between the deadlock between the North and South (2) North and South (2) expanding the westexpanding the westProposed dividing Proposed dividing Nebraska into 2 territoriesNebraska into 2 territoriesThese territories would These territories would decide the slavery issue decide the slavery issue by popular sovereigntyby popular sovereignty

Kansas Nebraska ActKansas Nebraska Act

Because Kansas lay due west of Missouri it Because Kansas lay due west of Missouri it would choose slavery and Nebraska due west of would choose slavery and Nebraska due west of free soil Iowa would be freefree soil Iowa would be freeThe Kansas Nebraska Act would require a The Kansas Nebraska Act would require a repeal of the Missouri Compromiserepeal of the Missouri CompromiseOne of the most momentous measures to ever One of the most momentous measures to ever pass Congress and one step closer to warpass Congress and one step closer to warKansas Nebraska Act wrecked the Compromise Kansas Nebraska Act wrecked the Compromise of 1820 and 1850of 1820 and 1850Act led to the formation of the Republican partyAct led to the formation of the Republican party