Renewable Energy Systems for Commercial Buildings · Emergency Zero Energy Building Standard...
Transcript of Renewable Energy Systems for Commercial Buildings · Emergency Zero Energy Building Standard...
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Renewable Energy SystemsRenewable Energy Systemsforfor
Commercial BuildingsCommercial Buildings
AIA Minnesota ConferenceAIA Minnesota Conference
November 15, 2006November 15, 2006
Niels WolterNiels WolterMSB Energy Associates Inc.MSB Energy Associates Inc.
Madison, WIMadison, WI
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AIA and U.S. Conference of MayorsAIA and U.S. Conference of Mayors2030 Initiative2030 Initiative
Minimum 50% reduction of fossil fuels used to construct andMinimum 50% reduction of fossil fuels used to construct andoperate buildings by the year 2010operate buildings by the year 2010
All new buildings be carbon neutral by 2030, using zero fossilAll new buildings be carbon neutral by 2030, using zero fossilfuels to operatefuels to operate
NEED TO START NOWNEED TO START NOW
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EmergencyEmergency Zero Energy Building Standard Zero Energy Building StandardNational AIA and MTSNational AIA and MTS
under developmentunder development Integrative Design ProcessIntegrative Design Process Siting and DesignSiting and Design Baseline Energy AuditBaseline Energy Audit
Efficiency Energy ReductionsEfficiency Energy Reductions Carbon neutral energy systems (electric and thermal)Carbon neutral energy systems (electric and thermal)
•• Produced on siteProduced on site•• Purchase green power and green tagsPurchase green power and green tags
SMARTSMART©© Consensus Sustainable Products (5%) Consensus Sustainable Products (5%) Accredited Professionals (audit, design, and systems construction and installation)Accredited Professionals (audit, design, and systems construction and installation) Sustainable MaintenanceSustainable Maintenance
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Electric and Thermal/Natural GasElectric and Thermal/Natural Gas Electric - relatively easyElectric - relatively easy
Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency Onsite renewable generationOnsite renewable generation Purchase Green PowerPurchase Green Power
Thermal - harderThermal - harder Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency Onsite renewable heating and coolingOnsite renewable heating and cooling Switching to efficiency electric technologiesSwitching to efficiency electric technologies Purchase Green TagsPurchase Green Tags
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Electric StrategiesElectric StrategiesEfficiency First (day lightingEfficiency First (day lighting……))Renewable power generationRenewable power generation Solar about the only option in urbanSolar about the only option in urban
areasareas Wind at some sitesWind at some sites Wood/biogas power generation feasible at larger sitesWood/biogas power generation feasible at larger sites
Excess power to the gridExcess power to the grid Net Energy BillingNet Energy Billing Buy back ratesBuy back rates
Purchase Utility Green PowerPurchase Utility Green Power
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Renewable ElectricRenewable Electric
Solar PowerSolar Power
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Solar EnergySolar Energy
Equivalent to an eight inch layer of oilEquivalent to an eight inch layer of oilcovering the earth each yearcovering the earth each year
100,000 Terawatts strike the earth,100,000 Terawatts strike the earth,humanhuman’’s use about 15 Terawattss use about 15 Terawatts
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The Power of SolarThe Power of Solar1000 watts of panel (~55 ft2)
Generates enough powerto drive a Tesla Roadster
16 miles/day
Cost of the solar systemabout $8000
The new gas tank
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Solar Electric System Solar Electric System ComponentsComponents Solar Panels or ModulesSolar Panels or Modules InverterInverter RackRack Balance of SystemBalance of System
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Typical Commercial Solar ElectricTypical Commercial Solar ElectricSystemSystem
Roof mountedRoof mountedGrid connectedGrid connectedNo BatteriesNo BatteriesProfessionally installedProfessionally installed
SimpleSimple no moving partsno moving parts limited maintenancelimited maintenance
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Over 95% of marketOver 95% of marketModules up to 19.3% Modules up to 19.3% effeff..•• 55 ft 55 ft22 per kW of module per kW of module
SunPowerSPR 315
Module = many cells
Cell
Crystalline Silica SolarCrystalline Silica Solar
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Solar Electric SystemsSolar Electric Systems
Modules have 20 to 25 year warrantiesModules have 20 to 25 year warranties Modules made by GE, Sharp Kyocera, BPModules made by GE, Sharp Kyocera, BP…… Inverters have up to 10 year warrantiesInverters have up to 10 year warranties Everything is UL approvedEverything is UL approved Certified installersCertified installers
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ReliabilityReliability
4.6 Megawatt AZ Solar Electric Plant4.6 Megawatt AZ Solar Electric Plant
Online since 2002Online since 2002Availability 99.72%Availability 99.72%No onsite staffNo onsite staffRemotely monitoredRemotely monitored
Annual maintenance costAnnual maintenance cost 0.16% of installed cost0.16% of installed cost
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Racking OptionsRacking Options Fix MountedFix Mounted Single axis tracking: East Single axis tracking: East –– West West
24% production gain24% production gain
Dual axis tracking: East Dual axis tracking: East –– West & Up West & Up –– Down Down 31% production gain31% production gain
10 kW Dual Axis Tracking System
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Solar Electric System ProductionSolar Electric System ProductionOne kW fix-mounted systemOne kW fix-mounted system•• Requires 50ft Requires 50ft22 to 150ft to 150ft22 of modules of modules
1 kW system in full sun for 1 hour = ~1 kWh1 kW system in full sun for 1 hour = ~1 kWh
Production (kWh) per year/kW of modulesCity Fix Mounted Dual Axis Tracking Minneapolis 1286 1738 Duluth 1222 1649 St. Cloud 1282 1747 Rochester 1248 1695 St Cloud 1185 1617
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Solar SitingSolar Siting
To achieve 90% of maximum productionTo achieve 90% of maximum production Facing between 45Facing between 45oo E and W of S E and W of S Tilting between 20Tilting between 20oo and 55 and 55oo
Minimize shading and snow coverMinimize shading and snow cover
ShadingShading Determined using tool (e.g., Solar Pathfinder)Determined using tool (e.g., Solar Pathfinder) Acceptable shading Acceptable shading –– site owner site owner’’s decisions decision
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Production & OrientationProduction & Orientation
Orientation Production cut byFlat laying 17%Vertical south facing 21%Vertical east/west facing 40%
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Summer Sunny Weekday Load Shapes Medium Commercial Customer
0
2
4
6
8
10
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22
hours
kWh
Weekday summer
7.5 KW fixed PVSummerNet Load Shape
Seven hour 9 kW mid-day-peak reduced to five hour late-afternoon 7.5 kW peak
Source – commercial load shape Alliant Il.PV data from MGE, Edgewood High School, Madison, July 22 2005
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Average Component CostsAverage Component CostsSystems installed in Wisconsin 2006Systems installed in Wisconsin 2006
Data from 33 fix mounted systems totaling 137 kilowatts
$427
$376
$331
$1,334
$4,541
$804
Inverter Rack BOSTax & ship Labor Panels
Installed Cost $7,813/ KW installed
PanelsLabor
Tax & shipping
InverterRack
BOS
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Modules on Flat RoofsModules on Flat Roofs
Common whenCommon when siting siting at commercial buildings at commercial buildings
PositivesPositives Unshaded, under utilized space, out of reach, freeUnshaded, under utilized space, out of reach, free
NegativesNegatives Not visible Not visible –– reduced educational and PR benefits reduced educational and PR benefits
IssuesIssues Roof loading: panels, wind, snowRoof loading: panels, wind, snow…… Can be hard place to do maintenanceCan be hard place to do maintenance Roof warranteeRoof warrantee
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Ballasted Flat Roof RacksBallasted Flat Roof Racks Upright racks tie into pans filled with roofUpright racks tie into pans filled with roof
ballastballast No roof penetrationsNo roof penetrations Use existing ballast stonesUse existing ballast stones Typical module slopes 20Typical module slopes 20oo to 30 to 30oo
Waunakee Community High School
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Modules Flat on the RoofModules Flat on the RoofPositivesPositives Very easy to installVery easy to install Improves roof R-valueImproves roof R-value Extends roof lifeExtends roof life
NegativesNegatives Reduced productionReduced production Snow coverSnow cover
Veterans Administration Building, Chicago
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Goggle Campus: Mountain View, California
System Size:1.6 MW Energy Output: 2,611,719 kWh per year
Savings: $393,000 + annually
C02 emissions reduced by 3.6 million pounds/year
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Clipped to Standing Seam RoofingClipped to Standing Seam RoofingKey PositiveKey Positive VisibleVisible Long-lived roof and panelLong-lived roof and panel Easy installation Easy installation –– seam clips seam clips
NegativesNegatives Price of roofingPrice of roofing
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Fixed Mounted Grid Connected competitive price $8,000/ kW, full sun 1250 kWh/year
Lathrop ShedMCC, Madison
Solar electric roof frames:PV Solar Energy Ltd, Australia
Urban Ecology Center, Milwaukee
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PV Standing Seam Roofingfull sun 1250 kWh/year
Made by UniSolarwww.uni-solar.com
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Solar Electric Awningsfull sun 1250 kWh/year
Fox Valley Tech College, Appleton WI
Memorial High School, Madison, WI
• Reduce summer cooling loads• Use passive solar design to let inwinter sunshine
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PV Shingles/Slatesfull sun 1250 kWh/year
Middleton Alternative High School,Middleton, WI
Bahr Home, Madison, WI
General Electric System, CA
Sharp PVSystem,
California
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Overhead Solar Electric Glass
Golden Gate National Park
Solar energy consultant’s home, California
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Solar Electric glazing, façades,curtain walls, awnings
More costly thanstandard panels
Spire Solar
Schott Solar
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Dual Axis Tracking GridConnected
competitive price $9,500/ kWfull sun 1700 kWh/year
Dane Co Zoo, Madison, WI
Wolter Home, Madison, WI
Solar Sun Flowers, CA
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Solar FlagsSolar Flags
Systems for education and public relations need notbe largeRather they need to be visible and attractive
Heart Lung Association, CA
IBEW Union Hall
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20 kW Commercial20 kW CommercialVery competitiveVery competitive installed cost: $130,000 installed cost: $130,000Federal Tax Credit: $39,000Federal Tax Credit: $39,000Federal five-year depreciation: $41,880Federal five-year depreciation: $41,880Minnesota Solar Electric Rebate: $20,000Minnesota Solar Electric Rebate: $20,000Utility incentives (Utility incentives (MN Power & Great RiverMN Power & Great River))
Cost to customer: $29,120Cost to customer: $29,120
Value of Power 8 cents per kWhValue of Power 8 cents per kWhAssumed increases 8% per yearAssumed increases 8% per yearPower sales over ten years: $28,550Power sales over ten years: $28,550
Net cost after ten years: - $570Net cost after ten years: - $570Simple payback in 11 yearsSimple payback in 11 years
Assumptions: located in MN, unshaded, fix mounted facing due south with 30 degree slope,generates 24,640 kWh/year, $6000 O&M costs in first ten years, and owner at 30% federal tax rate.
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20 kW Non Profit Owned20 kW Non Profit OwnedVery CompetitiveVery Competitive Installed cost: $130,000 Installed cost: $130,000 Minnesota Solar Electric Rebate: $20,000Minnesota Solar Electric Rebate: $20,000 Utility incentives (Utility incentives (MN Power & Great RiverMN Power & Great River))
Federal Tax Benefits: $0Federal Tax Benefits: $0 Cost to customer: $110,000Cost to customer: $110,000
Value of Power (net metering) 8 cents per kWhValue of Power (net metering) 8 cents per kWh Assumed increasing 8% per yearAssumed increasing 8% per year Power sales $28,550Power sales $28,550
Net cost after ten years: $81,450Net cost after ten years: $81,450Payback >>> 20 yearsPayback >>> 20 years
Assumptions: located in MN, unshaded, fix mounted facing due south with 30 degree slope,generates 24,640 kWh/year, and $6000 O&M costs in first ten years.
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BoomingBoomingMarketMarket
Technology changing very rapidlyTechnology changing very rapidly Worldwide R&D, Venture capital, Worldwide R&D, Venture capital, IPOsIPOs……
Sales growing 35% a yearSales growing 35% a year Cost effective in five to ten yearsCost effective in five to ten years
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Buildings Should be Solar ReadyBuildings Should be Solar Ready
Suitable Roof SpaceSuitable Roof Space Able to structurally support modules withAble to structurally support modules with
wind & snow loadingwind & snow loading OrientationOrientation Limit shading from rooftop vents &Limit shading from rooftop vents &
mechanicalsmechanicals Conduit runs to closest utility roomConduit runs to closest utility room
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Thermal strategiesThermal strategies
HVACHVAC & Water heating & Water heating
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Efficiency First (HVAC)Efficiency First (HVAC) Heat & energy recovery ventilators - lastHeat & energy recovery ventilators - last Earth tubesEarth tubes Transpired air collectorsTranspired air collectors
Solar thermalSolar thermal Water heatingWater heating
Switching natural gas to renewable electricSwitching natural gas to renewable electric Heat pumpsHeat pumps
Solar thermal seasonal storageSolar thermal seasonal storage
Purchase Green TagsPurchase Green Tags
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Earth DuctsEarth Ducts
Parallel Buried PipesParallel Buried Pipes: concrete, sloped for drainage: concrete, sloped for drainage WinterWinter: Warms incoming air to ground temperature.: Warms incoming air to ground temperature. SummerSummer: Cools incoming air to ground temperature.: Cools incoming air to ground temperature. Driving MechanismDriving Mechanism: can be mechanical or natural: can be mechanical or natural
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Earth DuctsEarth Ducts
++ Air FiltersAir Filters: HEPA or: HEPA orultraviolet (significantultraviolet (significantreduction in fan power)reduction in fan power)
++ DuctworkDuctwork: does NOT: does NOTrequire return ductsrequire return ducts
++ NoiseNoise: none if naturally: none if naturallyventedvented
++ AestheticsAesthetics: : ““invisibleinvisible””
-- Non Standard TechnologyNon Standard Technology::-- CleaningCleaning: required by code: required by code
in some areasin some areas-- PerformancePerformance: requires: requires
analysisanalysis-- Higher Installation CostHigher Installation Cost
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Wintercomfort
Summercomfort
Supply Air
The Nature of The Beast (Madison)The Nature of The Beast (Madison)
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Earth Duct Performance (Madison)Earth Duct Performance (Madison)
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Wintercomfort
Summercomfort
Supply Air
The Nature of The Beast (Duluth)The Nature of The Beast (Duluth)
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Earth Duct Performance (Duluth)Earth Duct Performance (Duluth)
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WhatWhat’’s Behind the Curtain?s Behind the Curtain?
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Transpired Air CollectorsTranspired Air Collectors Solar airSolar air preheater preheater Siting: south facing wallsSiting: south facing walls Buildings with large ventilationBuildings with large ventilation
requirementsrequirements Simple, inexpensive, easy toSimple, inexpensive, easy to
maintainmaintain Fan only moving partFan only moving part
Denver Denver Walmart SupercenterWalmart Supercenter 8000 ft8000 ft22
$17,000 savings per year$17,000 savings per year
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Transpired Air CollectorsTranspired Air Collectors
University of Wisconsin – Green BayMade by Conserval
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Solar Thermal Water HeatingSolar Thermal Water Heating
Solar Mining
Can augment space heatingCan augment space heating
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MarketsMarkets: School and hotel: School and hotelswimming pools, hospitals,swimming pools, hospitals,health clubs, Laundromatshealth clubs, Laundromats
Solar Hot Water- CommercialSolar Hot Water- Commercial
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Flat Plate CollectorsFlat Plate Collectors• Proven technology
• Durable
• Temperature operatingrange perfect for domestichot water and spaceheating
• Repairable
• Mature technologu
Source: Bob Ramlow, Artha Renewable
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Standard Water Heating SystemStandard Water Heating SystemClosed Loop AntifreezeClosed Loop Antifreeze
Source: Bob Ramlow, Artha Renewable
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Commercial Solar Thermal System Prices:Commercial Solar Thermal System Prices:WisconsinWisconsin
Source: Focus on Energy
20062006 5 System installed5 System installed Average price: $44/thermAverage price: $44/therm Average price: $79/ftAverage price: $79/ft22
Competitive price: $44/ftCompetitive price: $44/ft22
2 therms produced per year per ft2 therms produced per year per ft22 of panel of panel
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EconomicsEconomics Federal Tax IncentivesFederal Tax Incentives
30% Tax Credit30% Tax Credit Accelerated DepreciationAccelerated Depreciation
Improve when displaced electric heatingImprove when displaced electric heating ImproveImprove
By limiting storage: Indoor pool heatingBy limiting storage: Indoor pool heating Sites using hot water during daylight hoursSites using hot water during daylight hours
Improve with larger systemsImprove with larger systems HospitalsHospitals HotelsHotels Health ClubsHealth Clubs……
Larger commercial systems payback can be underLarger commercial systems payback can be under5 years5 years
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Evacuated Tube Solar ThermalEvacuated Tube Solar Thermal
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Evacuated Tube Solar ThermalEvacuated Tube Solar Thermal
Reduced lossesReduced losses Will not shed snowWill not shed snow Function better on cloudyFunction better on cloudy
daysdays Can get up to 350 Can get up to 350 ooFF More expensiveMore expensive
The solar technology to matchThe solar technology to matchwith absorption chillerswith absorption chillers
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Seasonal Energy StorageSeasonal Energy Storage
Storing Solar EnergyStoring Solar EnergyForFor
Winter HeatingWinter Heating
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Seasonal Water StorageSeasonal Water StorageRough numbersRough numbers
Wisconsin residential customersWisconsin residential customers Average space heating ~ 1000 therms/yearAverage space heating ~ 1000 therms/year Storage tank (water at 100 Storage tank (water at 100 ooF) about 5,400F) about 5,400
gallons or 8' x 20' x 200gallons or 8' x 20' x 200‘‘
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Drake LandingDrake Landing
50+ houses.50+ houses.
Calgary, Alberta.Calgary, Alberta.
Sunny Cold Winter, Sunny Summer.Sunny Cold Winter, Sunny Summer.
Goal: provide more than 90% of annual space andGoal: provide more than 90% of annual space andwater heating needs with solar.water heating needs with solar.
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Thermal StorageThermal Storage
CollectorsCollectors 800 flat plate collectors800 flat plate collectors 25,000 ft25,000 ft22 total area total area
Short Term StorageShort Term Storage 2 tanks, each 12.5 ft x 35 ft2 tanks, each 12.5 ft x 35 ft ~ 30,000 gal each~ 30,000 gal each
Long Term (Seasonal) StorageLong Term (Seasonal) Storage 144 bores144 bores Each 115 ft deep and 6 in diameter.Each 115 ft deep and 6 in diameter.
Short term storageShort term storage
Long term storageLong term storage
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Drake Landing ResultsDrake Landing Results
Initial Design:Initial Design: Solar collector field by a solar expertSolar collector field by a solar expert Thermal storage by a GHP expertThermal storage by a GHP expert Controls by a controls expertControls by a controls expert
Energy ModelingEnergy Modeling Model the entire systemModel the entire system As designed: 50% annual solar fractionAs designed: 50% annual solar fraction Redesigned using simulation: 93%Redesigned using simulation: 93%
What happened?What happened? Synergy and Synergy and dysynergydysynergy between system components! between system components! Lesson: you have to look at the Lesson: you have to look at the wholewhole picture. picture.
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Heat PumpsHeat Pumps
Heating Efficiently with ElectricityHeating Efficiently with Electricity
Same engineering principle as air conditionersSame engineering principle as air conditioners
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Heat PumpsHeat Pumps
Heat PumpHeat Pump: single unit that can either heat or cool.: single unit that can either heat or cool. Summer: remove heat from the building, reject it to the Summer: remove heat from the building, reject it to the ““ambient.ambient.”” Winter: remove heat from the Winter: remove heat from the ““ambient,ambient,”” reject it to the building. reject it to the building.
High EfficiencyHigh Efficiency: COP : COP ≈≈ 3.0 (as compared to < 1.0 for 3.0 (as compared to < 1.0 forboilers / furnaces)boilers / furnaces)
ElectricElectric
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Air Source Heat PumpsAir Source Heat Pumps
Air to Air Heat PumpAir to Air Heat Pump Air to Water Heat PumpAir to Water Heat Pump
Conditioned, forced air systems.Conditioned, forced air systems. ““mildmild”” climates (it is hard to climates (it is hard to
extract energy from cold winterextract energy from cold winterair)air)
Radiant (floors, radiators, coolingRadiant (floors, radiators, coolingpanels) systems.panels) systems.
““mildmild”” climates (it is hard to climates (it is hard toextract energy from cold air)extract energy from cold air)
Uncommon (except for heatUncommon (except for heatpump water heaters)pump water heaters)
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Ground Source Heat PumpsGround Source Heat Pumps
Water to Air Heat PumpWater to Air Heat Pump Water to Water Heat PumpWater to Water Heat Pump
Conditioned, forced air systems.Conditioned, forced air systems. Radiant (floors, radiators, coolingRadiant (floors, radiators, coolingpanels) systems.panels) systems.
Water heatersWater heaters
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Ground Source Heat PumpsGround Source Heat Pumps
Ground Storage Ground Storage: dirt has a large capacity to store thermal: dirt has a large capacity to store thermalenergy (best if wet)energy (best if wet)
Summer Summer: extract energy from the building, put it in the: extract energy from the building, put it in thegroundground Winter Winter: extract energy from the (heated) ground, put it in: extract energy from the (heated) ground, put it inthe building.the building.
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GSHP Advantages and Rules ofGSHP Advantages and Rules ofThumbThumb
Higher EfficiencyHigher Efficiency: as compared to air source heat pumps: as compared to air source heat pumpsbecause the ground is more temperate than the air.because the ground is more temperate than the air.
Lower MaintenanceLower Maintenance: all equipment is indoors. Air source: all equipment is indoors. Air sourceheat pumps have an outdoor unit.heat pumps have an outdoor unit.
Loop LengthLoop Length: is determined by peak heating and cooling: is determined by peak heating and coolingrequirements requirements andand by the ratio of heating to cooling by the ratio of heating to coolingrequirement.requirement.
Most EfficientMost Efficient: when building heating and cooling: when building heating and coolingrequirements are equal.requirements are equal.
Bore FieldBore Field: ~ 250 ft/ton.: ~ 250 ft/ton. Drilling CostsDrilling Costs: ~ 10-20 $/ft.: ~ 10-20 $/ft.
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NEWNEW Low Temperature Low TemperatureAir-Sourced Heat PumpAir-Sourced Heat Pump
Hallowell InternationalHallowell International building distributor networkbuilding distributor network
Add booster compressor, sub coolingAdd booster compressor, sub coolingeconomizer, etc.economizer, etc.
Currently available in 2 and 3 tonsCurrently available in 2 and 3 tons Heating performanceHeating performance
2.2 COP at 2.2 COP at ––30 30 ooFF 2.6 COP at 2.6 COP at –– 0 0 ooFF 3.4 COP at 30 3.4 COP at 30 ooFF
No backup electric resistance heatingNo backup electric resistance heating Cooling: hoping for SEER 16Cooling: hoping for SEER 16
www.gotohallowell.com
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Outdoor Air PretreatmentOutdoor Air Pretreatment
Fresh AirFresh Air: required for: required foroccupant comfort and indoor airoccupant comfort and indoor airquality.quality.
WinterWinter: Ambient air is too cold: Ambient air is too coldand dry and dry –– need to heat and need to heat andhumidify.humidify.
SummerSummer: Ambient air is too: Ambient air is toohot and wet hot and wet –– need to cool and need to cool anddehumidify.dehumidify.
DehumidificationDehumidification: overcool,: overcool,then reheat!then reheat!
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Energy Recovery VentilatorEnergy Recovery Ventilator
Heat ExchangeHeat Exchange: Recover: Recoverenergy from stale exhaust airenergy from stale exhaust air
WinterWinter: Warms incoming air.: Warms incoming air. SummerSummer: Cools incoming air: Cools incoming air Mechanically DrivenMechanically Driven: Two: Two
fans are requiredfans are required
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Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs)Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs)
++ Proven TechnologyProven Technology::designers know how to dealdesigners know how to dealwith it.with it.
++ Standard TechnologyStandard Technology::maintenance staff know howmaintenance staff know howto deal with them.to deal with them.
++ PerformancePerformance: simple to: simple toassess.assess.
++ Lower Installation CostLower Installation Cost
-- Mechanical FiltersMechanical Filters::additional fan power, highadditional fan power, highreplacement costreplacement cost
-- DuctworkDuctwork: requires a return: requires a returnduct.duct.
-- MaintenanceMaintenance: filters: filters-- NoiseNoise: can be significant: can be significant-- AestheticsAesthetics: commercial sizes: commercial sizes
may require an outdoor unitmay require an outdoor unit
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ERV Performance (Madison)ERV Performance (Madison)
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ERV Performance (Duluth)ERV Performance (Duluth)
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What Do They Look Like?What Do They Look Like?
Indoor Installation Outdoor Installation
Overhead InstallationResidential Installation
Sources: http://www.greenheck.com
http://americanstandardair.com
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Marketing Solar/Zero EnergyMarketing Solar/Zero Energy Audience : Innovators and Early AdoptersAudience : Innovators and Early Adopters Who are theyWho are they
Green & Tech businesses interested in communityGreen & Tech businesses interested in communityrelationsrelations
Educational sitesEducational sites
Who they are notWho they are not Interested in a short payback period Interested in a short payback period –– that that’’s thes the
majoritymajority
MessagesMessages It is coolIt is cool It is about valuesIt is about values Ready for the marketReady for the market Free energyFree energy
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Thermal Energy System Specialists,Thermal Energy System Specialists,LLCLLC
Energy Modeling and AnalysisEnergy Modeling and Analysis In support of architects, engineers and national labs.In support of architects, engineers and national labs.
LEEDLEEDTMTM Modeling Modeling
Software Development for Energy AnalysisSoftware Development for Energy Analysis
TRNSYS Training and Technical SupportTRNSYS Training and Technical Support
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ToolsTools
TRNSYSTRNSYS: component based simulation software: component based simulation software BuildingsBuildings Solar ProcessesSolar Processes Emphasis on Emphasis on renewablesrenewables EXTENSIBLE (easy to write new models if you can describeEXTENSIBLE (easy to write new models if you can describe
the physics behind a process)the physics behind a process)
CONTAMCONTAM: natural ventilation and air flow modeling: natural ventilation and air flow modeling