NONRENEWABLE AND

RENEWABLERESOURCES

Presented By:

PRATISH RAWATAssistant Professor

Department of Mechanical EngineeringPoornima University, Jaipurpratish.rawat@poornima.edu.in

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCESA nonrenewable

resource is a natural resource that cannot

be re-made or re-grown at a scale

comparable to its consumption.

COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered nonrenewable because they can not be replenished in a short period of time. These are called fossil fuels.

HOW IS COAL MADE ???

HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished in a short period of time.

● Solar Geothermal● ● Wind Biomass● ● Water

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

SOLAR

Energy from the sun.

Why is energy from the sun renewable?

Application of Solar Energy• Solar Photovoltaic – Grid Connected Solar PV– Stand Alone Solar PV– Solar Street Lights– Solar Pumps

• Solar Thermal– Solar Water Heaters– Solar Air Heaters– Solar Cookers– Solar Distillation

Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant

Solar PV Applications

Solar PV Applications

Solar Thermal Applications

Solar Water Heating Solar Air Heating

Advantages and Disadvantages• Advantages

– Clean– Inexhaustible– Abundantly

• Disadvantages– Dilute form of energy– Not Steadily and Continuous

GEOTHERMAL

Energy from Earth’s heat.

Why is energy from the heat of

the Earth renewable?

Use heat to make steam to turn turbine for electrical generation

Note: deep hot waters are corrosive so best to inject clean water in a closed system and bring it back to the surface as

steam.

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Fields in India• Himalayas

• Sohana

• West Coast

• Cambay

• Son-Narmada-Tapi

• Godavari

• Mahanadi– The power generation at these site has

been estimated as about 10000MW.

Advantages and Disadvantages• Advantages

– Versatile– Least polluting– Relatively Inexpensive– Power generation level is higher

• Disadvantages– Hazardous gases cause air pollution– Noise pollution from drilling– Overall efficiency is low(15%)

Tidal Power

1. In areas of large tides

2. Anywhere – build

offshore dam

Tidal power anywhere

1. No dam – but a turbine.

2. No pollution

3. Highly efficient (80%)

4. Reliable source of energy

Problems:

1. Corrosion

2. Navigation

3. Appearance

4. Amount of energy available is low

5. Best tides are near poles – away from people.

What is OTEC?

• Manifestation of solar energy

• Top layers of ocean receive solar heating

• Bottom layers receive water from polar regions

• Natural temperature gradient

• Use in Thermodynamic cycle – Generate electricity

Potential in India• Estimated overall potential – 180000 MW• 2.56 million sq.km EEZ

• Ongoing projects: The 1 MW barge research and demonstration facility being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, India (NIOT) with technical support from Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University (IOES)

• Identified sites:– Kavaratti– Kulasekarapattinam– Andaman & Nicobar Islands

OTEC resource in India

210kW OTEC Experimental Plant in Hawaii

OTEC R&D

•Advantages •OTEC is technically feasible and economically favorable• Mature technology• Benefits ecology • More plants of capacity similar to experimental plants can be constructed

•Disadvantages•More expensive•Technology is young and need more research•Sites are far from nation and population centers

WIND Energy from the wind.

Why is energy from the wind

renewable?

England = off shore

Wind energy problems

• Location – near population center• Bird migration – • Visual• Must be coupled with other sources of

electricity (intermittent supply)

BIOMASSEnergy from

burning organic or living matter.

Why is energy from biomass renewable?

Usable form of Biomass• Fuel Wood

• Charcoal

• Fuel Pellets and briquettes

• Bio-diesel

• Bio-ethanol

• Biogas

• Producer gas

Advantages and Disadvantages• Advantages

• Energy Storage is an in-built feature• Require less capital• Emission is less compared to fossile fuels

• Commercial use reduces problem of waste disposal

• Disadvantages• Dispersed and land intensive source• Low energy density• Labour intensive

• Not feasible to set up at all locations

WATER or HYDROELECTRIC

Energy from the flow of water.

Why is energy of flowing water

renewable?

Problems with hydroelectric• Location = unused rivers are in

extreme north or low population areas

• Competition with recreational uses and environmental concerns

• Hard to build dams in populated river valleys

• Siltation of dams – limited life.

Thank You