RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESMICRO HYDEL

GEO THERMAL

TIDAL POWER

BIOMASS GASIFIERS

LAYOUT OF MHP

TYPES OF TURBINES USED IN MHPIMPULSE TURBINE

PELTON WHEEL

TURGO TURBINE

CROSS FLOW TURBINE

REACTION TURBINE

FRANCIS TURBINE

KAPLAN TURBINE (PROPELLER TURBINE)

REVERSE PUMP or PUMP AS TURBINES

PELTON WHEELSPEED CONTROL

1. Replacement of nozzles

2. Spear valves

3. Varying number of jets

4. Deflector plate

5. Shut-off valves

TURGO TURBINE

• Smaller diameter compared to pelton wheel of same power

• Suitable for high speed operation

• Difficult to fabricate due to complex shapes of buckets

• Runner will experience high axial load suitable bearing

at the shaft

CROSS FLOW TURBINEDRUM SHAPED RUNNER

WATER ENTERS THROUGH UPPER PORTION

POWER DOUBLES AS THE LENGTH OF DRUM IS DOUBLED

LOW HEAD LONG RUNNER

LONG RUNNER BENDING OF BLADES

HIGH HEAD SHORT RUNNER

SUITABLE FOR WIDE RANGE OF POWER

EASY TO FABRICATE

FRANCIS TURBINE

KAPLAN TURBINE (PROPELLER TURBINE)

FIXED BLADE AXIAL FLOW TURBINE

VERTICAL INSTALLATION HORINZONTAL INSTALLATION

REVERSE PUMP OR PUMP AS TURBINE (PATS)

USING CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AS A TURBINE

SUITABLE FOR HIGH SPEED OPERATION

DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO GENERATOR

SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM HEAD

TURBINE PART FLOW

HEAD - DISCHARGE CURVE

INDUCTION GENERATORS FOR MHP

TURBINE CLASSIFICATION

TIDAL POWER

PARTS

1. DAM (BARRAGE)

2. SLUICE WAYS

3. BULB TYPE GENERATOR SET

SINGLE BASIN

• SINGLE BASIN SINGLE EFFECT

• EBB GENERATION

• DURING LOW TIDE

• FLOOD GENERATION

• DURING HIGH TIDE

• SINGLE BASIN DOUBLE EFFECT

TWO BASIN-LINKED BASIN

• HIGH POOL

• FILLED DURING HIGH TIDE

• LOW POOL

• EMPTIED DURING LOW TIDE

TWO BASIN PAIRED BASIN

TWO BASIN ARE CREATED

ONE BASIN GENERATES POWER DURING EBB CYCLE

OTHER BASIN GENERATES POWER DURING FLOOD CYCLE

WATER CURRENTS GENERATED DURING HIGH TIDE AND LOW TIDE

TIDAL CURRENTS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE

HYDRO THERMAL

GEO PRESSURED

HOT DRY ROCK

MAGMA

HYDRO THERMAL RESOURCE

AVAILABLE AT A DEPTH OF

100 – 4500 m.

3 TYPES

VAPOUR DOMINATED ( DRY STEAM)

LIQUID DOMINATED (WET STEAM)

HOT WATER RESOURCE

VAPOUR DOMINATED (DRY STEAM)

CENTRIGUGAL SEPERATOR

REMOVES SOLID PARTICLES

VAPOUR FROM THE

RESERVOIR IS USED

DIRECTLY

STEAM EJECTOR REMOVES

NON CONDENSABLE

GASES

LESS EFFICIENCY – 14%

LOW TEMP – 165 Celcius

LOW PRESSURE – 7 atm

LIQUID DOMINATED- WET STEAM SYSTEM

ALSO CALLED WET STEAM SYSTEM

TWO TYPES

Liquid Dominated High Temperature System ( > 175 Celcius )

Single Flash

Dual Flash

Liquid Dominated Low Temperature System ( < 175 Celcius )

LIQUID DOMINATED- HIGH TEMPERATURE (SINGLE FLASH)

FOR TEMPERATURE ABOVE 175O

HOT WATER ENTERS FLASH

SEPERATOR WHICH IS AT LOW

PRESSURE

WATER BOILS TO STEAM

REMAINING WATER (BRINE) IS

REJECTED

LIQUID DOMINATED- HIGH TEMPERATURE (DUAL FLASH)

FOR TEMPERATURE ABOVE 175O

2 FLASH SEPERATORS

REJECTED WATER FROM THE 1ST

SEPERATOR IS FED TO 2ND

A SECOND STAGE

EVAPORATION VAPORIZATION

TAKES PLACE

EFFICIENCY = 8 %

LIQUID DOMINATED- LOW TEMPERATURE (BINARY FLUID)

HOT WATER FROM THE WELL IS

USED TO VAPORIZE A

OPERATING FLUID

ISOBUTENE – BP 10 DEGREE

VAPORIZED FLUID IS USED TO

OPERATE THE TURBINE

HOT WATER RESOURCE

RESERVOIRS HAVING LOW TEMPERATURE ( 20 – 150 CELCIUS)

MAINLY USED IN HYBRID SYSTEMS

HOT WATER FROM THE RESERVOIR IS USED AS AIR PREHEATER, FEED WATER

HEATER IN CONVENTIONAL PLANTS.

ALSO USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS.

GEOPRESSURED RESOURCE

HOT WATER UNDER HIGH PRESSURE IS RELEASED DURING DRILLING FOR OIL

AND NATURAL GAS.

3 TYPES OF ENERGY

MECHANICAL ENERGY DUE TO HIGH PRESSURE

THERMAL ENERGY DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE

CHEMICAL ENERGY DUE TO BURNING OF DISSOLVED METHANE GAS

HOT DRY ROCK RESOURCE

BIOMASS GASIFIERS

Direction of gas flowUp draft

Down draft

Cross draft

Output capacity

Small <10 KW

Medium 10-50 KW

Large 50-300 KW

Very large >300 KW

UPDRAFT GASIFIER

AIR ENTERS BELOW THE GASIFIER

GAS LEAVES THROUGH THE TOP PORTION

THE GAS HAS NO ASH, TAR AND VAPOUR

CONTENT.

EASY TO BUILT AND OPERATE

DOWNDRAFT GASIFIERAIR ENTERS THROUGH THE TUYERS AT THE TOP OF

FIRE BOX

HOT GAS PRODUCED MOVES DOWN AND PASS

THROUGH THE CONSTRICTION.

AS GAS FLOWS THROUGH THE HIGH TEMP ZONE

THE TAR GETS CONVERTED TO GAS

LESS TAR AND MORE ASH CONTENT

IT IS ALSO CALLED COCURRENT BED GASIFIER

CROSS DRAFT GASIFIER

AIR ENTERS THROUGH A WATER COOLED NOZZLE AT

ONE END OF THE FIRE BOX

GAS PRODUCED PASSES THROUGH THE GRATES

THE FLOW OF GAS IS HORIZONTAL; HENCE CROSS

DRAFT GASIFIER.

SMALL SCALE PYROLYSIS UNIT