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Renewable Energy Integration on Island Grid Systems...Renewable Energy Integration on Island Grid...
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Renewable Energy Integration on Island Grid Systems Presented at WAEF December 12, 2012 by Richard Rocheleau Hawaii Natural Energy Institute School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii, USA 1 Coconut Island – photo courtesy of NASA
Transcript of Renewable Energy Integration on Island Grid Systems...Renewable Energy Integration on Island Grid...
Renewable Energy Integration on Island Grid Systems
Presented at WAEF
December 12, 2012
by Richard Rocheleau
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Coconut Island – photo courtesy of NASA
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Hawaii Natural Energy Institute Organized Research Unit in the School of Ocean and Earth
Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Alternative Fuels: Biomass and biofuels Electrochemical Power Systems
Fuels Cells, Batteries Renewable Power Generation
Ocean Energy Photovoltaics
Energy Efficiency Building technology Sea Water Air Conditioning
Systems Integration • Grid modeling and analysis • Smart grid development • Grid-scale storage
Hawaii Today • Primary energy: 90% fossil fuel, all
imported; • Electricity 88% fossil, 90% of that
petroleum • 10% ethanol in gasoline, all imported • Highest electricity rates in the United
States $0.35 - $0.45 per kWh • Energy expenditures account for 13% of
Hawaii’s Gross State Product • Abundant renewable resources but only
12% of electricity produced from renewables
Leads to Energy insecurity Economic drain Price volatility Environmental harm
Integration of Renewables – What’s needed • Vision and Collective Buy-in
– Government – Industry partnerships – Community engagement and dialog
• Policy – Regulatory Compacts – Framework for implementation
• Analysis – Site specific roadmaps based on existing infrastructure, generation
mix, renewable resources, reliability requirements – Intermittency at both transmission and distribution level – Power quality, interconnection
• Validation and Testing – Performance and lifetime of innovative technologies
• Project Development – financing, permitting • Implementation
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Oahu (1,200 MW)
Molokai (5MW)
Lanai (5MW)
Hawaii (190 MW)
This image cannot currently be displayed.
Maui (200 MW)
Solar
Wind Geothermal
MSW
Biomass/Biofuel
OTEC/Wave
DSM/Energy Efficiency
Hydro/ Pumped
Renewable Energy Opportunities in Hawaii are Abundant
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Kauai (80 MW)
Presenter
Presentation Notes
And that is the other part of our challenge, Oahu has the big demand, Oahu still has about 80 percent of the state’s population. It is the business and financial center, where US military is, Waikiki, state government. But Oahu lacks the RE resources to handle that demand. We are working on more waste-to-energy for Oahu and other small projects. Small wind farms are proposed for Oahu in the Kahuku area. But Oahu’s developable wind resources are limited. What we can do would get us about 100 MW of wind. Oahu has no geothermal potential. No rivers strong enough to dam for hydropower. On Oahu, and all the islands, we have the potential to utilize biofuels, especially if we can grow the biofuel ourselves. Biggest thing going here and on the mainland are wind and sun. (This slide shows near-term and long-term renewable energy potential on the islands in Hawaiian Electric’s service territory as compared to the population on each island. .
Integration of Renewable Energy Resources is Complicated
1300MW
80MW
5MW
200MW 190MW • Intermittency solar and wind
• No island interconnections; • Resources not evenly distributed • Resources not near population • Large gap between peak and base load
Opportunity to validate and deploy new technologies
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is the map
Hawaii is Moving Forward • Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative: 70% clean energy by 2030
• 30% Renewable Energy 40% Energy Efficiency • Tools:
• Renewable Portfolio Standards, Net Metering, Feed-in tariff, Reliability standards, Fuels standards, Building code
• Aggressive state tax policy
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Uncertainties
Undersea cable between islands Alternative fuels (biofuels, LNG)
Disruptive technologies (e.g. OTEC) Energy efficiency and demand response
Energy Storage Smart grids
Courtesy OPT
Courtesy Makai Ocean Engineering
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Ranked #1 in petroleum dependence Petroleum-fired power plants supply more than three-fourths of Hawaii’s electricity generation. Ranked #1 in electricity prices0.26 /kWhr Often #1 in gasoline prices$4.48 regular gasoline 4/12/11 Imports nearly all consumer products – including 85% of food Tourism (visitor industry) is a major economic driver – when fuel prices go up – ticket prices rise – Hawaii economy gets slammed. Scenario AnalysisCapacity Solar 900 MW Wind1000 MW Biomass 80 MW Geothermal 100 MW Ocean 50 MW Efficiency500 MW 2351 MW capacity 1691 MW peak demand 328 MW Existing Renewable Gen 853 MW, 128 MGPY under dev today $1.3B rev ($158M tax rev) & 2600 jobs construction $220M rev ($12M tax rev) & 500 jobs sustained OAHU Annual energy production is approximately 8000 GWh system load typically ranges from a peak of 1200 MW to a minimum of 600 MW. T he total generating capacity of the system is 1756 MW
HAWAII ISLAND INTEGRATION STUDIES Develop and use analytic tools for analysis of island(ed) grid systems with high penetration renewables
Identify solutions to inform technology selection and decision making groundbreaking use of analytical tools
SMART AND MICRO-GRID DEMONSTRATIONS
Maui Smart Grid Project • Japan-US Smart Grid
Demonstration Project • DOE SEGIS Smart
Inverter • Coconut Island Microgrid • Molokai Microgrid
opportunity
TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION • Grid-scale storage • Photovoltaics • Small wind systems • Dynamic Load Control • Hydrogen emergency backup • Variable load ice/water production
Inform Policy
Work-force training
Regulatory Infrastructure
Hawaii Grid Analysis
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Hawaii Island Integration Studies • Rigorous analytic modeling of electricity grids identify technical and
economic feasibility of operational, infrastructure and technological strategies to enable high penetrations of renewable energy
• Identify and analyze wide range of potential solutions: • Wind and solar forecasting • Refined reserve requirement • Reduced min power of baseload units • Seasonal cycling • Modified generator controls • Advanced wind turbine controls • Demand response • Electric Vehicles • Storage • Smart grids
Modeling across many timescales
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Talk about big island projects as an example
Recently Completed/Ongoing Analysis • Oahu Wind Integrations Transmission Studies (complete)
– With appropriate system modifications (no storage, no smart grids), Oahu can reliably accept 25% of its energy - from 500 MW Wind and 100 MW of PV
• Oahu- Maui Integration study (1st Q 2013) – Analysis of two way flow between counties to quantify benefits and
impacts of undersea connection of Maui and Oahu • EV charging study (1st Q 2012, 2nd Q 2013)
– Evaluate use of EV to utilize curtailed energy under very high penetration scenarios
• Hawaii Solar Integration Studies (4th Q 2012) – Analysis of wind plus high penetrations of photovoltaics for the
islands of Oahu and Maui
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The Maui island Experience 72 MW of Wind Power, 18MW PV, Curtailment
KWP (30MW 2006)
KWP II (21MW 2012)
AWE (21MW 2013)
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Rapid Growth in PV
2008 < 2MW 2010 ~5MW 2012 > 18MW Load ranges from 85 to 200 MW each day
Presenter
Presentation Notes
The existing 30MW wind farm has been in operation since 2006. Two additional wind farms will be built on Maui in the next year, 21MW each, and both will have battery systems that will help to stabilize their output.
Maui Solar Integration Study (HSIS)
OBJECTIVES • Examine challenges of high
renewable penetration – 72MW wind, up to 45MW solar
• Recommend strategies to enable high levels of solar and wind power on the Maui grid
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KEY RESULTS
• Up to 25% total electricity can be accepted from renewable sources
• Significant curtailment of wind during minimum load
• Regulation requirements (contingency and regulating) required for reliability a significant limiting factor
FUTURE EFFORTS
• EV analysis, demand response, storage for ancillary services, smart grids
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Grid-scale Energy Storage– photos courtesy of Altairnano
Testing and Evaluation of BESS for Grid Support
Hawi 10 MW Wind farm at Upolu Point Hawaii Island • 1MW, 250kW-hr Li-ion titanate at wind/utility interface • Frequency regulation, wind smoothing, power quality
HECO feeder with high penetration (>1 MW Distributed PV)
• 1MW, 250 kW-hr Li-ion titanate at substation • Voltage, VAR, Frequency regulation, power quality
Molokai Secure Renewable Microgrid • 2MW, 375kW-hr Li-ion titanate, ~100kW community BESS, • Operating reserves, frequency regulation, smoothing, peak
shifting.
Kauai Waste Water Treatment Facility • ~1MW, 2MW-hr integrated into MW PV system • PV smoothing, energy storage/load shifting
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Smart Grid Solutions Secure Integration of Two Infrastructures
14 Better Management of Distributed Resources and Loads
Presenter
Presentation Notes
What is a Smart Grid? Is the power system not smart currently? The existing grid is smart today, up to a point. The current system has communication and control functions for its large central station generation as well as many of its substations. However, it does not have much communication or control beyond its substations and none down at the distributed generation interconnection points. The smart grid projects will incorporate modern communication and information technologies to the grid where they do not exist today. They will also incorporate information and control systems that increase the capabilities of the existing communication control systems that are in place today. Smart grid systems such as advance metering infrastructure (AMI) can not only provide information for utilities to use to manage the system, it can also provide information to customers to help them manage their own energy use and help customer service representatives help customers when they have questions on their bills.
Hawaii Smart Grid Demonstration Projects • Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project (2009)
– USDOE funded, HNEI led project to manage home energy usage using smart grid technology allowing peak load reduction and management of intermittent renewable energy.
• Japan-US Island Grid Project (2011) – NEDO funded, Hitachi led project to integrate advanced PV,
energy storage, and EV into island wide smart grid environment to enable high penetration of central and distributed renewables
• Smart Grid-Enabled PV Inverters (2012) – Demonstration of advanced PV inverter functionality in smart grid
environment (V, power quality) in both high penetration and sparse distribution lines.
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Three projects have partners in common and propose to share hardware, results, and lessons learned
MOLOKAI
Palaau Power Plant Energy Source: Oil Firm Generation: 12 MW
Current System 5.5 MW Peak Load ~2000 Customers Five major 12kV & 34.7kV
“Transmission” Three 2,200 kW Diesel Generators One 2,220 kW Gas Turbine Six Smaller Diesel Generators ~1200 kW Distributed PV
The Molokai Opportunity
Initial Partners: Hawaiian Electric / Maui Electric; HNEI, Okinawa Enetech
Phase 1 Address current and near
term stability issues Energy Storage Partner staff exchange
Phase 2 Expand energy production from local
renewable resources – goal of 100% Reduce/stabilize energy costs for residents Validate advanced technology (EM) Create green job opportunities
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Summary Comments
Every grid system is different - analytic models provide valuable tools to quantify barriers to integration of renewables and guide development of an economic and technically viable path forward.
Community acceptance, siting, liability issues can extend timelines and cost for all energy projects including renewables
Shared lessons even across seemingly dissimilar grid systems can help reduce cost of development
Performance and value of innovative technologies needs to be validated in replicable, well quantified projects
HNEI/Hawaii offer expertise in understanding of isolated grid systems.
MAHALO For more information, contact: Rick Rocheleau Hawaii Natural Energy Institute 1680 East-West Road, POST 109 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Office: (808) 956-8346 Mobile: (808) 389-9944 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.hnei.hawaii.edu
Backup slides
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• Funded by US DOE with cost share from partners
• Implement advanced communications and control technologies to improve grid performance
• Demonstrate new “Smart Grid” technologies to:
– Reduce peak demand by 15% – Better integrate wind and solar power – Improve grid reliability – Inform consumer demand decisions
Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project (2009)
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa
Project will Manage Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to Support Grid Operations
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SSN Data Center
Internet
MECO Data Center
GE DMS
MECO Backhaul
Wailea Sub
Station
Maui Meadows SSN Mesh
Voltage Monitor
Areva EMS
Solar PV monitoring Smart Thermostat
Load Control
Switches
In-home display
Home Area Network Demand response Monitor PV Customer feedback
Current monitoring
device
Distribution Monitoring Current measurements
Advanced Metering Infrastructure Two-way comms Voltage monitoring Outage detection
Battery Energy Storage System
Distribution Management
System Aggregate DER Decision support Volt / VAr Control Improve visibility
Other supporting partners Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Advanced Energy Company U.S. Verizon Gr. Okinawa Electric Power Company
Japan – United States Smart Grid Demonstration Project 2011
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
The Japan-US Smart Grid Demonstration Projects is being funded primarily by Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) who will utilize approximately $37 Million of fund provided by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The US Department of Energy is supporting the project by providing access to their experts at three of their national laboratories (National Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia National Lab, and the Pacific Northwest National Lab.
NEDO Project Scope
Transitioning to High Renewable Energy 50% of Peak Load met by Renewables (25% annual energy)
Wind energy curtailment
7 days 7 days
Largest hourly wind drop
Wee
k of
Dec
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Hig
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Cur
tailm
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Wee
k of
Oct
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Larg
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ind
Dro
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No Wind or Solar High Renewables
500MW Wind & 100 MW Solar
Thermal units are backed down, wind energy is sometimes curtailed at light load, and wind power changes are managed by ramping the thermal units. 24
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa
Development and Demonstration of Smart Grid Inverters for High Penetration PV Applications
Funded by US Department of Energy with cost share from
industry partners
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PV Inverters Integrated into Home Area Network (HAN)
enabling two-way communication and grid support features
Smart Grid-Enabled Inverter SSN
Smart Meter
Fronius Inverter: 3 kW - 5 kW
Grid support features developed to meet German grid codes
Integrate into Utility
Software Applications
Project will demonstrate inverters at two utility sites – Maui Electric and mainland site TBD
