Renewable Energy Directive Øyvind Vessia Policy Officer European Commission, DG Energy –...
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Transcript of Renewable Energy Directive Øyvind Vessia Policy Officer European Commission, DG Energy –...
Renewable Energy Directive
Øyvind Vessia
Policy Officer
European Commission, DG Energy – Renewables and CCS Policy
Content
• The Renewable Energy Directive
• The biofuel debate
• The biomass debate (for heating and electricity)
Targets for renewable energy have worked
Renewable sources accounted for 13% of the EU's energy consumption in 2011
Sou
rce:
Eu
rosta
t
German PV
Content
• The Renewable Energy Directive
• The biofuel debate
• The biomass debate (for heating and electricity)
NREAPs: Technology breakdown in the transport sector towards 2020
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
ktoe
2nd generation
Hydrogen
Other Biofuels
Electricity in transport
Bioethanol
BiodieselBiodiesel
Bioethanol
What land resources do we have?
Other land[31 Mill Km2]
Cropland [12 Mill Km2]
Pasture[12 Mill Km2]
Savannah[31 Mill Km2]
Forest[40 Mill Km2]
Cropland[12 Mill Km2]
IFPRI result: 0.017 Mill Km2 (1.7 Mha), equal to 0.14 % of existing cropland
World’s available land: 126 Mill Km2
Biofuels is not the only user of land:Cropland increases 20 times more in the baseline (BAU) than what is caused by the biofuel demand (34 Mha)
EU total vegetable oil trade and biodiesel production
Source: Figure 18 of IFPRI-report
Feedstock specific results
Vegetable oils
Cereals and sugars
Commission's proposal
• 1) Limit to incentives for 1st gen biofuels (5%), effectively creating a gap between 5% and 10%
• 2) Increased incentives for renewable fuels that do not use land for its production (Annex IX) through quadruple accounting (which is flexible)
• 3) Reporting of ILUC-estimates
Content
• The Renewable Energy Directive
• The biofuel debate
• The biomass debate (for heating and electricity)
Technology Results from the National Renewable Energy Action Plans
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150000
200000
250000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Heat pumps
Biomass
Wind
Tide, wave, ocean
Solar
Geothermal
Hydro
ktoe
Renewable energy outlook(source: National Renewable Energy Action Plans)
Bioenergy: key role to achieve 20% target
The forest cycle
Thinning
Ashrecycling
Thinning
Timber harvest
Harvest of residues
Regeneration
Pre-commercial thinning
The forest sector response to bioenergy demand is complex and varying depending on forest properties, existing industrial structure and governance structure. The outcome for forest C stocks is determined by the sum of all changes in management and harvest regime that are introduced.
A B
A and B denote two possible cases of forest bioenergy accounting. ’Project A’ would clearly appear to be much more favourable for the climate than ‘project B’ in an evaluation that narrowly considers a distinct forest bioenergy project (either A or B) and that uses a relatively short time horizon. Yet, both ‘project A’ and ‘project B’ are components of the same forest management regime that have undisputable net substitution benefits.
Closing the bioenergy markets for individual forest operations, due to GHG performance below some threshold level, is problematic since the different operations often presupposes each other. For example, if energetic use of small stems from thinning operations is not possible then forest owners have little incentive to shift to higher density planting and there will in general be reduced incentive for thinning operations improving stand conditions.
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0
500
1000
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3500
Cum
ulati
ve C
O2
emis
sion
s
Fossil fuel use 1750-2006
Land use change 1850-2005
50% probability of staying below 2 °C
75% probability of staying below 2 °C
Remaining emission space up to 2050
Fossil fuel use since mid 1970s
The concept of GHG emission space, which focuses on accumulated emissions up to a given year, is relevant in relation to temperature targets since the peak warming appears to be insensitive to the CO2 emissions pathway, i.e., timing of emissions or peak emission rate
One critical strategic question is how society should use the remaining space for GHG emissions
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Some of the emission space might be required for developing a bioenergy industry capable of providing renewable and climate friendly energy services for the world on a long term
Unless they are very high, forest C stock losses do not automatically disqualify bioenergy options from being part of a long term solution to the climate problem
Remaining emission space Fill it up with
fossil carbon
...or use some space for
developing alternatives to
fossil fuels?
Bioenergy development
Non-fossil fuel related Non-fossil fuel related
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Conclusion
• The Renewable Energy Directive – a success
• Biofuel debate on-going with the co-legislators in the Parliament and the Council • Complex but emotional• Food vs. fuel?• GHG savings?
• Biomass debate on-going• Carbon accounting• Energy system development
Thank you for your attention
• Renewable Energy:• http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.
htm