Renewable Energies In Mena Region

Renewable Energies in the MENA Region Hans Müller-Steinhagen

Renewable Energies in the MENA Region:

Potential for Sustainable Energy Provision and

Export to Europe

Hans Müller-Steinhagen and Franz Trieb

Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)

TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSPMED-CSPMED-CSP AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP


IFEED

Project Partners

German Aerospace Center (Germany)

National Energy Research Center (Jordan)

University of Aden, (Yemen)

University of Sana’a, (Yemen)

University of Bahrain, (Bahrain)

Prof. Dr. Abdelaziz Bennouna, formerly at CNR (Morocco)

Intern. Forschungszentrum für Erneuerbare Energien e.V. (Germany)

Kernenergien – The Solar Power Company (Germany)

Nokraschy Engineering GmbH (Germany)

Deutsche Gesellschaft Club of Rome (Germany)

House of Water and Environment (Palestine)

Center for Solar Energy Studies (Libya)

Centre de Developpement des Energies Renouvelables (Morocco)

University of Bremen (Germany)

New Energy Algeria (Algeria)

New and Renewable Energy Authority (Egypt)

Hamburg Institute of International Economics (Germany)

Honorat Satoguina

MASDAR (Abu Dhabi)


50 countries analysed within the MED-CSP and TRANS-CSP Studies

Scandinavia

Western Europe

Eastern Europe

South-Eastern Europe

Western Asia

North Africa

Arabian Peninsula


Parameters considered in the analyses

! Annual electricity demand

! Annual load curve

! Available fossile and renewable resources

! Existing power plants in 2000 and their expected lifetime

! Cost of fossil fuels (oriented at IEA Scenario)

! Maximum production growth rates of RE industries

! Existing grid infrastructure

! 100% power availability

! Peaking power demand and 25 % reserve capacity

! Sustainability criteria

! Opportunities of financing

! Policies and energy economic boundary conditions


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Year

Gro

ss E

lectr

icit

y C

on

su

mp

tio

n T

Wh

/a

Turkey

Spain

Portugal

Malta

Italy

Greece

Tunisia

Morocco

Libya

Egypt

Algeria

Yemen

UAE

Syria

Saudi Arabia

Qatar

Oman

Lebanon

Kuwait

Jordan

Israel

Iraq

Iran

Cyprus

Bahrain

Scenario Closing the

Gap / High Efficiency

Historical Data

First Slowdown:

Efficiency Gains

& Liberalisation

Second Slowdown:

Demand Stabilisation

Gross electricity demand in the analysed MENA countries


Gross electricity demand in the analysed European countries Switzerland

Norway

Iceland

Bosnia-Herzegowina

Serbia & Montenegro

Romania

Macedonia

Bulgaria

Turkey

Sweden

Croatia

Finland

Greece

Hungary

Slowenia

Slowac Republic

Czech Republic

Poland

Italy

Ireland

United Kingdom

Denmark

Germany

Netherlands

Luxembourg

Belgium

Austria

France

Portugal

Spain

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Gro

ss E

lectr

icity

Con

su

mp

tio

nT

Wh

/y

Scenario TRANS-CSPHistorical Data


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Ele

ctr

icity P

rod

uctio

n in

TW

h/y

Deficit

Old Plants

Electricity production of power plants already existing in 2000 and

deficit to be covered by new plants until 2050, in the European

countries analysed within TRANS-CSP


Biomass (1)

Wind (50)

Geothermal (1)

Hydropower (50)

Solar (250)

A solar power plant of the

size of Lake Nasser

equals the total Middle

East oil production

Renewable energy resources in Europe and MENA

In brackets: (max. yield in GWhel / km! /y)


Area Required to Provide the Electricity Demand of the World, EU-25 and Germany

WORLD

EU-25GER


Planta Solar 10 MW, SevilleSEGS 350 MW, California

Novatec

Lorca

Andasol 2 x 50 MW, Guadix

Solar Thermal

Power Plants

Nevada Solar I, 64 MW

MAN/SPG

Almeria


Solar Electricity Cost of Concentrating Solar Power Plants

Source: EU-IP NEEDS (New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

19

80

19

85

19

90

19

95

20

00

20

05

20

10

20

15

20

20

20

25

20

30

20

35

20

40

20

45

20

50

Year

So

lar

Ele

ctr

icit

yC

ost

[ct/

kW

h]

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Insta

lled

Cap

acit

y[G

W]

SEGS Cost CSP Cost Spain CSP Cost Egypt Worldwide Installed CSP Capacity


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Potentials Demand 2000 Demand 2050

Ele

ctr

icit

y in

TW

h/y

Solar

Geothermal

Hydro

Wind

Biomass

Wave/Tide

Desalination

MENA

Europe

Economic renewable electricity potentials vs. demand in Europe and MENA

> 630000

?


Options for solar electricity transfer over 3000 km distance

Solar Power

Transfer by:

Hydrogen AC / HVAC HVDC Line

Losses 75 % 45 % / 25 % 10 %

Cost very high high low

Adaptation to

Consumers

(Transformer)

has to be

transformed to

AC first

directly

transformable

has to be

transformed to

AC first

Over Sea

Transport

by tankers or

pipelines

not over 30 km standard

solution

Visibility Impact very low high low

Materials and

Emissions

moderate moderate low

Preferred

Application

eventually fuel

for transport

regional and

local power

long distance

power transfer


Concept of a EU-MENA Renewable Energy Link

Using HVDC Power Transmission Technology


Analysed Examples for EU-MENA HVDC Interconnection

3 x 5 GW x 7000 h/y = 105 TWh/y


0.800.750.670.60Capacity Factor

350

45

245

31

134

16

42

5

Investment CSP

Billion " HVDC

50 x 503600 x 1.0

40 x 403600 x 0.7

30 x 303600 x 0.4

15 x 153100 x 0.1

Land Area CSP

km x km HVDC

70047023060Transfer TWh/y

20 x 514 x 58 x 52 x 5Capacity GW

2050204020302020Year

Scenario for total EU-MENA HVDC interconnection 2020 – 2050 *

* All countries analysed in TRANS-CSP


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Year

Fre

sh

wa

ter

Defi

cit

[b

illi

on

m!/

y]

Bahrain

Yemen

UAE

Saudi Arabia

Qatar

Kuwait

Oman

Iran

Iraq

Syria

Lebanon

Jordan

Israel

Palestine

Egypt

Libya

Tunisia

Algeria

Morocco

Expected Water Deficits by Country


MED: Multi-Effect-Distillation; RO: Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination

MED

Solar Field Storage

Power

Plant

Water Power

fuel

solar

heat

heat

Combined Heat & Power

RO

Solar Field Storage

Power

Plant

Water Power

fuel

solar

heat

Power Only

Solar Field Storage

MED

fuel

solar

heat

Water Power

grid

Heat Only

Concentrating Solar Thermal Power for Seawater Desalination (Options)


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Co

st

of

Wate

r ["

/m!]

CoW Solar CoW Fossil CoW Mix

Projected cost of water (CoW) from reverse osmosis plants

using conventionally generated power or solar electricity


Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plants combined

with Sea Water Desalination in Coastal Desert Areas

Energy

+

Water

+

Income

=

Sustainable

economic

development in

arid regions

(artist view created with

Google Earth)

HVDC Link

AC Grid


2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Po

we

r D

em

an

d a

nd

Su

pply

[T

Wh/y

]

Year

Old Plants MENA CSP Export CSP Desalination CSP MENA

New Plants MENA Total Demand MENA Total Demand EU

Electricity and fresh water provision in MENA


! Within 15 years, a well balanced electricity mix may lead to less expensive

electricity than business as usual. Domestic sources reduce the import of

fuels.

! Solar electricity from concentrating solar power stations in MENA can

provide firm capacity for base load, intermediate and peaking power.

! The most efficient and economic way to transfer electricity from MENA to

Europe is via high voltage direct current transmission lines, adding about

1.5-2 cents/kWh to the local generating cost.

! By 2050, 700 TWh/y solar electricity could be imported from 20 locations in

MENA at a cost of 5 c/kWh, providing about 15 % of European electricity

demand.

! To establish and maintain such a trans-national HVDC electricity grid,

strong political support will be required.

Conclusions


for more information look at

www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp

www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp

www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

Renewable Energies In Mena Region

Technology

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