Renewable energies in Friuli Venezia Giulia: what is available and to what extent I. Gladich(1), F....

Renewable energies in Friuli Venezia Giulia: what is available and to what extent

I. Gladich(1), F. Stel(2) & D. B. Giaiotti(2), S. Daniotti(3) & D. Goi(3)

(1) - Postdoctoral Fellow at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic(2) - Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia

(3) - Udine University – Department of Environmental Engineering

Berlin 12-16 September 2011 – EMS Annual Meeting

[email protected]

Results partially obtained in the frame of the project

Arpa FVG- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia

CRMA – Centro Regionale per la Modellistica Ambientale

Berlin, 12-17 September 2011

EMS Annual Meeting

European Climate Policies (2009/28/CE and COM2008(30)-20.20.20) push Member States (and Regions) toward a wide recourse to “renewables”

Why renewable energies?

Recent negative expression of popular will (referendum) on nuclear power plants pushed Local Administrators to analyse in deeper detail the renewable energies potential

Pollution pressure (NOx, O3 and PM) pushes toward an alternative energy basket then toward “renewables”, which are not completely without emissions

A new environmental awareness pushes people toward “renewables”




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Presentation outline

Different types of renewable energies

Potentials

Caveats and trade-offs

Conclusions




EMS Annual Meeting

Different types of renewables

Hydroelectric

Wind Energy

Solar Energy (photovoltaic)

Biomass




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Hydroelectric

Source: Arpa Osmer and Hydrologic Service




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Hydroelectric


Relatively constant supply of water

Strength

Draw back

Source already widely used

Problem with the minimum vital flux for rivers




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Wind Energy


Cut-in = 3 m/s Cut-off = 25 m/s

Power curves

Frequency of days with daily average wind speed larger than 3 m/s

This area is mainly characterized by breezes wind regime




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Wind Energy


Wind intensity in foothills is high during night time and early morning




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Wind Energy


Strength

Not in phase with peaks of energy requestbut relatively more in phase with domestic

usage (self-production?)

Draw back

Small areas with sufficient wind speed

Mountainous areas (threat for biodiversity)




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Solar Energy

Yearly average solar radiation (2006-2009)

Cumulative distribution of solar energy(2006-2009)

Daily distribution of solar energy(2006-2009)




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Solar Energy

Yearly average solar radiation (2006-2009)

Strength

Relatively stable from year to year and relatively large availability

In phase with peaks of request

Real efficiency of 10-11 % with state of the art technology

Draw back

Large variability from day to day and in the different periods of the year

Not in phase with the domestic requests




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Biomass

One third of the region is covered by forests

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

200,000400,000600,000800,000

1,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,0001,800,0002,000,000

Forestal biomass trendsAbove ground stock (m3)

Usage (m3)

Cubic

met

ers

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

Carbon stock(units of C)

Years

tonn

C




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Biomass


Sources and sinks of CO2 for SNAP sectors

Speciazione del PM10 a Udine (Gen-Feb 2011)

(fonte: progetto EU iMONITRAF!)

0.8% Na

2% K

0.8% Mg

2% Ca

1% Cl-

17% NO3-

8% NH4+

10% SO4--

16% Carbonio fossile

24% Legna

3% Carbonio elementare

15% Resto

PM speciation: Friulian plain Gen-Feb 2011




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Biomass


Strength

Draw back

Available and growing renewable energy

Low efficiency: only 0.5% of solar energy is converted into wood energy (biomass power plants to produce only electrical

energy are extremely ineffective)

Biomass is a sink of CO2: should we keep it as a sink or not?

Current domestic biomass devices have an high impact on PM concentrations




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Conclusions

Wind energy is a niche source in Friuli Venezia Giulia: self production and off-shore

Solar energy (photovoltaic) relatively abundant but with an high short term variability

Biomass abundant but wise use is only for heat production (small combined plants)

Trade-off of biomass with air-pollution and carbon sink

Do not forget “energy saving”




EMS Annual Meeting

Thank you for your attention

Renewable energies in Friuli Venezia Giulia: what is available and to what extent I. Gladich(1), F....

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