Renewable and non-renewable energy sources

Renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013
Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesA renewable energy resource is one that will not run out. Renewable energy sources do not produce radioactive waste, greenhouse gases or acid rain.Examples include wind, hydroelectric, wave, tidal, solar and geothermal.
Fossil fuels such as coal. gas and oil as well as uranium are non-renewable energy sources.

Hydroelectric powerFalling water is used to drive a turbine which rotates an electrical generator.
Energy changes:gravitational potentialto kinetic to electrical

Hydroelectric power stationHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

ADVANTAGES Renewable No greenhouse gasesNo acid rainNo radioactive wasteShort start up time
DISADVANTAGESVery limited locationsWildlife affectedExpensive to buildTRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Wave powerWaves can be used to drive an electrical generator.
Energy changes:kinetic to electrical

ADVANTAGES Renewable No greenhouse gasesNo acid rainNo radioactive wasteNo land neededShort start up time
DISADVANTAGESUnreliableCan only be used in areas with suitable wavesProne to storm damageMany needed to produce the same energy of a small thermal power stationDanger to shipping
TRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Tidal powerMoving water caused by the tides is used to drive a turbine directly which rotates an electrical generator.
Energy changes:gravitational potentialto kinetic to electrical

Tidal power stationHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

DISADVANTAGESVery limited locationsWildlife affectedExpensive to buildTRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Wind powerWind is used to rotate a turbine (the blades) which turns an electrical generator. Energy changes:kinetic to electricalHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

ADVANTAGES Renewable energy sourceNo greenhouse gasesNo acid rainNo radioactive wasteInexpensive to buildShort start up time
DISADVANTAGESUnreliable needs wind!Best used in places where they will often be regarded as unsightlyMany turbines are needed to produce the same energy of a small thermal power stationNoiseDanger to wildlifeTRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Geothermal energyIn some volcanic areas hot water and steam rise to the surface. The steam can be tapped and used to drive turbines. This is known as geothermal energy.
Energy changes:thermal (heat)to kinetic to electricalHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

DISADVANTAGESVery limited locationsExpensive to build

Solar heatingHeat energy from the Sun is focussed onto pipes containing water. The water boils producing steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.
Energy changes:thermalto kinetic to electricalHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

ADVANTAGES Renewable No greenhouse gasesNo acid rainNo radioactive wasteDISADVANTAGESSunshine needed and so best in desert regionsCan only be used during the dayA large amount of land is needed to produce a significant amount of energyTRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Solar cellsElectricity produced directly from the Suns radiation.
Energy changes:light to electrical

ADVANTAGES Renewable No greenhouse gasesNo acid rainNo radioactive wasteInstant start up time
DISADVANTAGESUnreliable in the UK! sunshine is needed for solar cellsCan only be used during the dayOnly 10% of solar energy is converted into electricity by solar cellsMany cells needed to produce a significant amount of energyTRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Nuclear powerNuclear power stations use a certain type of uranium to produce heat energy.
This heat energy is used to produce steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.
Energy changes:nuclearto thermalto kinetic to electricalHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

A nuclear reactorHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Problems with nuclear power stationsNuclear fuel (uranium) does not produce greenhouse gases and it generates 10000 times more energy per kilogram than fossil fuels.However:Nuclear waste is radioactive and may have to be stored safely for thousands of years.Although safe in normal operation, accidents can release radioactive material over a large area. The area around Chernobyl in Ukraine has been closed off since 1986. TRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

ADVANTAGES Concentrated energy sourceReliable energy sourceCan be built anywhereNo greenhouse gasesNo acid rain
DISADVANTAGESNon-renewableRadioactive wasteExpensive to buildTechnology is related to that needed to make atomic bombsTRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Fossil fuelsFossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas.
They have been formed in the ground from dead vegetation and tiny creatures by a process that has taken millions of years.
When burnt the heat energy produced is used to produce steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.Energy changes:thermalto kinetic to electricalHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Coal-fired power stationHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Problems with fossil fuelsBurning coal, gas and oil produces carbon dioxide. This is a greenhouse gas which causes global warming.Fossil fuel burning can also produce sulfur dioxide gas. This can dissolve in water and produce acid rain which causes damage to forests and buildings. Modern power stations remove most sulfur dioxide producing compounds before burning.Fossil fuels are not renewable. They are running out. Estimates vary between 50 to 200 years to when we will need to find alternative sources of energy.

ADVANTAGES Concentrated energy sourceReliable energy sourceCan be built anywhereNo radioactive waste
DISADVANTAGESNon-renewableProduces greenhouse gases and contributes to global warmingProduces acid rainTRIPLE ONLYHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Electricity generation pie-chartMost of our electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels (74% according to the pie chart opposite)Nearly 20% is nuclearLess than 5% is currently generated using renewable sources.
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Renewable and non-renewable energy sources

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shippingtriple onlyhany

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tidal power stationhany

tidal powermoving water

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