Renewable and non renewable energies

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Explain what are renewable and non-renewable energies Describe what it is the greenhouse effect and the main factors responsible for it Identify alternatives to the use of fossil fuels Give examples of renewable sources of energy and their utilisation Identify advantages and disadvantages of using renewable energy and non-renewable energy

Transcript of Renewable and non renewable energies

  • 1. Group activity Solutions for: Global warming CO2 emission Fossil fuels

2. Aim: to explore different sources of energy renewable and non-renewable energyObjectives: Explain what are renewable and non-renewableenergies Describe what it is the greenhouse effect and the mainfactors responsible for it Identify alternatives to the use of fossil fuels Give examples of renewable sources of energy andtheir utilisation Identify advantages and disadvantages of usingrenewable energy and non-renewable energy 3. Non-renewable and renewable resources What do you think non-renewable resources are?And Renewable Resources? 4. RenewableNon-renewableNon-renewable energyRenewable energy resources canresources is a natural resourcebe replaced or regenerated and willthat cannot be re-made or re-never run outgrown at a scale comparable toits consumption. Examples: wind and solar.Examples: coal , oil andnatural gas. 5. What are fossil fuels?Coal, oil and natural gas are fossilfuels. They are carbon-basedmaterials that formed overmillions of years from the remainsof ancient plants and animals.Fossil fuels are so useful becausethey contain stored chemicalenergy, which is converted intolarge amounts of useful heatenergy when the fuels are burned 6. Coal Mainly made of carbon, but also containssulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Created by the accumulation of plant matter overthousands of years 7. Coal Coal provides around 24% of our energy Worlds most abundant fossil fuel Air Pollution Multiple pollutants released Sulfur Dioxide creates acid rain (sulfuric acid) Nitrogen Oxides creates acid rain (nitric acid) Heavy CO2 emissions 8. Oilen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Petroleum.JPGHydrocarbon Oil and gas are made of a mixture ofdifferent hydrocarbons. As the name suggests these are largemolecules made up of hydrogen atoms Crude Oilattached to a backbone of carbon. 9. Origin: Ancient Earth Ron Blakey, Arizona Flagstaff During mid-Mesozoic times around 150 million years ago, conditions were just right! Ancient EarthThe worlds main oil deposits all formed in warm shallow seaswhere plankton bloomed but bottom waters were deoxygenated 10. Exploration and Production : The SituationTodayUSGSGlobal oil and gas occurrences are now well understood (provincesshown in green). 11. Natural GasWorlds third largest commercial fuel 23% of global energy consuption Produces half as much CO2 as equivalentamount of coal Most rapidly growing energy source Often extractd from the same wells as petroleum 12. Refining crude oil.Components ofpetroleum are removedat variouslevels, depending ontheir boiling points,in a giant distillationcolumn. The mostvolatile components withthe lowest boiling pointsare removed at the topof the column. 13. How do fossel fuels produce electricity? 14. Worldwide commercial Energy 15. Current Energy Sources Fossil Fuels currently provide about 85% of all commercial energy in the world. Other renewable sources (wind, solar, hydroelectric)make up 9% of commercially power Nuclear power make up 6% of commercial power. 16. Per Capita Consumption Richest 20 countries consume nearly 80% of natural gas, 65% of oil, and 50% of coal production annually. On average in richest countries, each person uses morethan 200Gj of energy annually. In poorest countries of the world, each person generallyconsumes less than one Gj annually. 17. Per capita energy use 18. What waste do fossil fuels produce?Burning fossil fuels creates wasteproducts that can act as pollutants andhave harmful environmental effects. Carbon dioxide This greenhouse gas isthe main waste product of burning fossilfuels. Increased levels of carbon dioxide dueto human activities are thought to beconnected with global warming. Methane: emitted during the production ofcoal, natural gas and oil (greenhouse gas). Sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides These gaseous pollutantscontribute to the formation of smog and acid rain. 19. Greenhouse Gases The greenhouse effect is causing the Earth to warm up. This is causing climate change and melting of the polar ice caps, this It is due to increasing could lead to flooding. amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon Burning fuels is a dioxide, water vapour and major cause of this methane.increase. 20. How Does the Greenhouse Effect Happen 21. How Does the Greenhouse Effect HappenGreenhouse gases absorb infra-redradiation, but not visible or ultravioletradiation from the sun. They let the suns radiation in, but stop some of the earths infra-red radiation out. Video 22. Acid RainPower stations burning coalproduce large amounts ofsulphur oxides.Scrubbers are used to reduce the sulphurThese emissions candioxide emissions, butcause problems for they cannot removeasthma suffers.them all.They cause acid rain, this makeslakes and rivers acidic, which killsthe fish. It also damages treesand buildings. Video 23. Advantages and DisadvantagesFossil FuelsTransporting oil and gas to the power stations is easy;Relatively inexpensive; High net energy yield; efficientdistribution systemPollution by producing CO2, methane and sulphur dioxide.Mining coal can be difficult and dangerous. Destroys largeareas of the landscape. 24. Renewable Energies These are resources found in nature that are self-regenerating: Sunlight Wind Geothermal heat Biomass Wave Tides These resources are normally used to produce clean (orgreen) energy. This production does not lead to climatechange and involve emission of pollutants 25. Reducing Global WarmingReplace fossil fuels with other sources of energy.Wind power Solar power Hydroelectric 26. Geothermal Bio fuels 27. Complete the table to show the advantages and disadvantages of each of these power sources.Wave power Nuclear power 28. Why are renewable energy growing in importance and popularity? To avert irreversible climate damage Increasing oil prices Unrealiability of non-renewable resurces (e.g. thedepletion of oil wells) 29. Solar Power Solar water heating: heat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on your roof. Water is pumped through pipesin the panel. The pipes arepainted black, so they get hotterwhen the Sun shines on them.The water is pumped in at thebottom so that convection helpsthe flow of hot water out of thetop 30. Solar Power Photovoltaics (PV): the application of solar cells to convert sunlight directly into electricity Solar Furnaces: use a huge array of mirrors to concentrate the Suns energy into a small space and produce very high temperatures 31. Advantages and DisadvantagesSolar energyPollution free with no waste products. It can beused where there is no easy way to get electricityto a remote place.Doesnt work at night. High initial cost, very largearrays needed for large scale production. It can beunreliable. 32. Wind Power The energy of wind is harnessed with windturbines. They are usually grouped inwind farms. The wind blows the propeller round, whichturns a generator to produce electricity The best place for wind farms are coastalareas, at the tops of rounded hills and openplains To be worthwile you need na average speedof 25km/hhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/w 7153.stm 33. Advantages and DisadvantagesWind powerRenewable, pollution and waste free. A good method ofsupplying energy to remote areasHigh initial cost for large scale generation, not reliable incalm weather. Not predictable some days have no wind.Large wind farms have environmental impact, both visualand noise. Can kill birds. 34. Tidal Power It converts the energy of tides into electricity Tidal energy is captured with tidal stream systems whichuse the kinetic energy of moving water to drive turbines. 35. Advantages and DisadvantagesTidal PowerPollution and waste free. Once built it is free. It produceselectricity reliably. Not expensive to maintainFew suitable sites for tidal barrages. It only provides powerfor around 10 hours each day. A barrage is very expensiveto build and affects a very wide area. Many birds rely on thetide uncovering the mud flats to feed. 36. Hydroelectric Power Energy from falling water It is generated in dams which cuts across the river Water flows through the tunnels of the dam, to turnturbines and thus drive generators. It provides 20% of the worlds electricity 37. Advantages and DisadvantagesHydroelectricRenewable, quite predictable and reliable, pollutionand waste free. Can be used on a large scale. Watercan be stored ready to cope with picks in demand.Costly to install, hard to find a suitable site (impact onresidents and the environment)Environmental impact: It will flood a vary large areaupstream causing problems for the animals that usedto live there; water quality and quantity downstreamcan be affected 38. Wave PowerWith wind turbines, the airfluctuations casued by the movingwater can also be used to producepower. The waves arriving cause the water inthe chamber to rise and fall and air isforced in and out of the hole in thetop of the chamber. A turbine is placed in thehole, which is turned by the air inand out. The turbine turns a generator 39. Advantages and DisadvantagesWaste free. Not expensive to operate and maintain. Canproduce a great deal of energy.Needs a suitable site. Depends on the waves. Some designsare noisy. Must be able to withstand very rough weather. 40. Pumped Storage Water is pumped up to the topreservoir at night when demandfor power across the country islow. When there is a sudden demandfor power, the headgates areopened, and water rushes downthe tunnels to drive the turbine, which drive the powerfulgenerators. The water then collects in thebottom reservoir, ready to bepumped back up later 41. Advantages and DisadvantagesPumped storage reservoirLittle effect on the landscape. No pollution or waste.Without some means of storing energy for quickrelease, wed be in troubleExpensive to built. Once used, you cant use it again untilyouve pumped the water back up. 42. Geothermal PowerThis type of energy is obtained by tappingthe heat of the earth, which is mostly inthe form of hot water and steam. Varioustechnologies are used to get to the heatunder earths surface at different depths 43. Geothermal Power Hot rocks underground heat water toproduce steam Holes are drilled, steam comes up, ispurified and used to driveturbines, which drive electricgenerators. It might be needed to drill more holesand pump water down to them 44. Advantages and DisadvantagesGeothermalPollution free. Power stations do not take much room. Oncegeothermal station built energy almost free.Not widely available (few places where Power stations canbe built), expensive to set up, technological problems.Hazardous gases and minerals may come up fromunderground. 45. Biomass Biomass consists of living or recently dead organisms or other biological material i.e. carbon. Biomass is used to produce biofuel. The most commun material for biofuels are photosynthetic plants such as sugar cane. For a biomass power station making electrecity, it is pretty much like a fossil fuel power station:Burn fuel Heat water Steam turnsTurbines turnElectrical to make steam turbinesgeneratorsPower 46. Advantages and DisadvantagesBiomassThey help to reduce waste. Tend to be cheap. Lessdemand on fossil fuels.Not a large enough supply to replace fossil fuels at presentrates of use. It makes greenhouse effects like fossil fuelsdo. Some waste material are not available all year round. 47. Biogas Biogas is produced by the biological breakdown oforganic matter in the absence of oxygen. The biodegradable materials in question can bemanure, sewage, green waste, household and industrialwaste. It produces a mixture of methane and hydrogen. They can be used to generate heat, electric or mechanicalenergy, or fuel for vehicles. Biodegradable Anaerobic digestitonStorage Organic(fermentation)& material by bacteria DistributionVideo 48. Advantages and DisadvantagesBiogasThe methane gas from the waste would otherwise end upin the atmosphere. It tends to be cheap. Less demand onfossil fuels.The biogas is burnt so it makes greenhouse gases just likefossil fuels. 49. Nuclear Power The reactor uses Uramiun rods as fuel and theheat is generated by nuclear fission: Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy in the form of heat. Water is pumped through the reactor to takethe heat away, this then heats water to makesteam. The steam drives turbines which drivegenerators 50. Advantages and DisadvantagesNuclearNo carbon, nitrogen or sulphur oxides are produced so itdoes not contribute for the greenhouse effect. Produceshuge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. It isreliableIt is very dangerous. Radioactive waste products aredifficult to store and treat, safety systems to containradioactivity are very costly. Accidents can happen, publicresistance.Video 51. Case Study: Chernobyl Disaster Ukraine (1986) Explosions and partial meltdown Huge radioactive release to atmosphere Estimated death toll: 9,000212,000 Radioactive fallout and long-term health effects 52. LEGACY OF CHERNOBYLjburger.blogspot.com/http://people.moreheadstate.edu/students/alsimp01/images/chernobyl.jpg