Renal System. Gross structure of the kidneys cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal calyxes and pelvis,...
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Transcript of Renal System. Gross structure of the kidneys cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal calyxes and pelvis,...
![Page 1: Renal System. Gross structure of the kidneys cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal calyxes and pelvis, ureter. Gross size and weight (300~400 g) of kidneys.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649f355503460f94c53901/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Renal SystemRenal System
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•Gross structure of the kidneys cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal calyxes and pelvis, ureter. •Gross size and weight (300~400 g) of kidneys (about 0.5% of body weight)in humans
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Anatomy of the KidneyAnatomy of the Kidney
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The nephron is the basic unit of renal structure and functions.
![Page 5: Renal System. Gross structure of the kidneys cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal calyxes and pelvis, ureter. Gross size and weight (300~400 g) of kidneys.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649f355503460f94c53901/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nephron
• Glomerulus• Bowman’s Capsule• Proximal Convoluted
Tubule• Loop of Henle• Distal Convoluted Tubule
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Tubular Secretion and ReabsorptionTubular Secretion and Reabsorption
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Role of kidneyRole of kidney
Apart from urine formation
Blood pressure from Renin production
RBC production from Erythropoietin
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Combining formCombining formCyst/o--- urinary bladderUrethr/o urethraUreter/o ureterPyel/o renal pelvisNephr/o kidneyVesic/o urinary bladderRen/o kidney
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Nephrolithiasis - Kidney stones (renal calculi)Nephrotic syndrome - A group of symptoms caused
by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis)
Polycystic kidneys - Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and upon the kidney
Pyelonephritis - Inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla
Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus (Bright disease)
Pathology of the Kidney
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Polycystic kidneysPolycystic kidneys
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Pathology of the KidneyPathology of the Kidney
Renal cell carcinoma - Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
Renal failure - Failure of the kidney to excrete urine Renal hypertension - High blood pressure resulting from
kidney disease Wilms tumor – Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring
in childhood Diabetes mellitus - Inadequate secretion or improper
utilization of insulin Anuria: abnormal condition of no urine production
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Investigation Investigation Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB): X-ray image
of the kideys and urinary tract without the use of contrast.
Cystoscopy:Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): measures the
amount of urea in the blood. retrograde pyelogram (RP): x-ray film of the
urinary tract with contrast material injected via a cather into the urethra.
Urography:
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Treatment proceduresTreatment proceduresDialysis: seperation of waste material from blood by
a machine.Lithotripsy: shock waves are beamed into a patient
to crush urinary tract stones.Urinary catheterization: passing of a catheter
through the urethra and bladder for drainage of urine.
Renal transplantation:
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Noct (night) Olig (few) Tripsy (crushing) BUN (blood urea nitrogen) KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) UTI (urinary tract infection) CRF (chronic renal failure?, corticotropin releasing
factor?) ARF (acute renal failure?)