Art and Patronage• Italians were willing to spend a lot of money

on art.– Art communicated social, political, and spiritual

values.– Italian banking & international trade interests

had the money.

• Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.

Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

1. Realism & 1. Realism & ExpressionExpression

Expulsion Expulsion fromfromthe Gardenthe Garden

MasaccioMasaccio

14271427

First nudes First nudes sincesinceclassical classical timestimes..

2. Perspective2. Perspective

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

First use First use of linear of linear

perspective!perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

The The TrinityTrinity

MasaccioMasaccio

14271427

What you What you are, I once are, I once was; what I was; what I am, you will am, you will

become.become.

PerspectivePerspective

3. Classicism3. Classicism Greco-Roman

influence.

Secularism.

Humanism.

Individualism free standing figures.

Symmetry/Balance

The The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”Medici “Modest Medici “Modest

Venus” (1c)Venus” (1c)

4. Emphasis on 4. Emphasis on IndividualismIndividualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:

The Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoThe Duke & Dutchess of Urbino

Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

5. Geometrical 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Arrangement of

FiguresFigures The The Dreyfus Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranaPomegranatete

Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci

14691469

The figure The figure as as architecturarchitecture!e!

6. Light & 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Shadowing/Softening

EdgesEdges

ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro

SfumatoSfumato

Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificentthe Magnificent

1478 - 15211478 - 1521

Cosimo de Cosimo de MediciMedici

1517 - 15741517 - 1574PATRONS OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART

Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436

ArchitectArchitect

Cuppolo of St. Cuppolo of St. MariaMariadel Fioredel Fiore

Filippo Brunelleschi• Commissioned to

build the cathedral dome.– Used unique

architectural concepts. He studied the

ancient Pantheon in Rome.

Used ribs for support.

Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s “Secret”“Secret”

Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s DomeDome

Comparing DomesComparing Domes

Other Famous Other Famous DomesDomes

Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”• Broad knowledge about many things in

different fields.

• Deep knowledge/skill in one area.

• Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.

• The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

1.1. Self-Portrait Self-Portrait -- da -- da Vinci, 1512Vinci, 1512

1452 - 15191452 - 1519

Artist

Sculptor

Architect

Scientist

Engineer

Inventor

Leonardo, Leonardo, the Artistthe Artist The The

Virgin of Virgin of the Rocks the Rocks

Leonardo Leonardo dadaVinciVinci

1483-1483-14861486

Leonardo, the Artist:Leonardo, the Artist:From hisFrom hisNotebooks of over Notebooks of over 5000 5000

pages (1508-1519)pages (1508-1519)

Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa

Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci, – da Vinci, 1503-41503-4

Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??

Leonardo’s Last Supper

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498& Geometry& Geometry

horizontal

vert

ical

PerspectivPerspective!e!

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498

Detail of Detail of JesusJesus

The Last The Last SupperSupper

Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci

14981498

DeterioratDeteriorationion

A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John St. John oror Mary Magdalene? Mary Magdalene?

Leonardo’s Annunciation

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook An example An example

of the of the humanist humanist desire to desire to unlock the unlock the secrets of secrets of nature.nature.

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): (Anatomy):

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Leonardo, the Leonardo, the Inventor:Inventor:

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?

A study of siege A study of siege

defensesdefenses..Studies of Studies of

water-lifting water-lifting devices.devices.

Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Pages from his

NotebookNotebook

Michelangelo’s David

Michelangelo’s Pieta

Michelangelo’s Painting of the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo’s Wall in Sistine chapel

Raphael’s School of Athens-it follows on next slide!!!

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11• One point perspective.

• All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!

• A great variety of poses.

• Located in the papal apartments library.

• Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.

• No Christian themes here.

DaVinci as Plato looks to thelooks to theheavens [or heavens [or the IDEALthe IDEALrealm].realm].

Aristotle saying looks to looks to thisthisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and

now]now]teacher!

Averroes

Hypatia

Pythagoras

Zoroaster

Ptolemy

Euclid

Raphael!

Donatello’s David

Botticelli’s Primavera

PrimaveraPrimavera – Botticelli, – Botticelli, 14821482

Depicted classical gods as Depicted classical gods as almost naked and life-size.almost naked and life-size.

Botticelli’s Birth of Venus follows on next slide!

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – – Botticelli, 1485Botticelli, 1485

An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art

• The continuation of late medieval attention to details.

• Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the “classical ideal”].

• Interest in landscapes.• More emphasis on middle-class and peasant

life.• Details of domestic interiors.• Great skill in portraiture.

Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Marriage

NORTHERN RENAISSANCE

Giovanni Giovanni Arnolfini Arnolfini and His and His

WifeWife

(Wedding (Wedding Portrait)Portrait)

Jan Van Jan Van

EyckEyck

14341434

Massys’ The Moneylender & His Wife, 1514

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)• The greatest of German

artists.• A scholar as well as an

artist.• His patron was the Emperor

Maximilian I.• Also a scientist

– Wrote books on geometry, fortifications, and human proportions.

• Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.

Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.

Dürer

FourHorsemen

of theApocalypse

woodcut, 1498

“The Ambassadors” ~ Hans Holbein the Younger

How in the world did he paint this skull to look skewed and slanted?

Holbein’s, The Ambassadors, 1533

A SkullA Skull

Multiple Perspectives

Hieronymus

Bosch

The Garden of

Earthy Delights

1500

Hieronymus

Bosch

The Garden of

Earthy Delights(details)

1500

HieronymusBosch

The Cureof Folly

1478-1480

Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563

Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568

Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568

El Greco

Christ in Agony on the Cross

1600s

El Greco

Portrait of aCardinal

1600