Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

76
Renaissance Art

Transcript of Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Page 1: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Renaissance Art

Page 2: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Byzantine mosaic in SicilyLate 12th century

Wilton Diptych - 1400

Medieval Art

Page 3: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

The Effects of Good Government Ambrogio Lorenzetti, 1338

Page 4: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Art during the Hundred Years War

Page 5: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Early Renaissance Art• What was different in the Renaissance:– Realism– Perspective– Classical (pagan) themes – Geometrical arrangement of figures– Light and shadowing (chiaroscuro)– Softening of edges (sfumato)– Backgrounds– Artist able to live from commissions

Page 6: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Lived 1401-1428• First great painter of the

Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance

• Considered the greatest painter of his generation

• Noted for his skill at:– Recreating lifelike figures

and movements– Creating a convincing sense

of three-dimensionality by utilizing linear perspective

Masaccio

Masaccio Self-Portrait

Page 7: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Masaccio• Realism and expression– The Expulsion from Paradise

Page 8: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Perspective

Masaccio• One of the most significant discoveries in

the history of art was "perspective" --the method for creating the illusion of depth on a flat surface.

• Perspective became the foundation of European painting for the next 500 years. Linear perspective created the optical effect of objects receding into the distance through lines that appeared to converge at a single point in the picture, known as the vanishing point.

• Painters also reduced the size of objects and muted colors or blurred detail as objects got further away.

• The vaulted arch in the painting to the right by Masaccio is a perfect illustration of the linear perspective that he pioneered.

• Masaccio painted this scene so that all the sightlines converge on a single point, just as we would see the lines painted on a straight road getting smaller as the road recedes into the distance. The Holy Trinity, Masaccio, c 1420, fresco

Page 9: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Masaccio• Perspective

– The Tribute Money– Size of people diminishes with distance– Use of light, shadow and drama

Page 10: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Masaccio• Perspective (cont.)– The Holy Trinity

with the Virgin and St. John

– Geometry– Inscription: “What

you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.”

Page 11: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Perspective

Page 12: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Sandro Botticelli

Self Portrait from Adoration of the Magi, c 1475,Tempera on panel

• Lived 1445-1510• Belonged to the Florentine

school under the patronage of Lorenzo de’ Medici

• One of the greatest artists of the “golden age” of the Italian Renaissance

• His reputation as an artist suffered until the late 19th century

• Best known works are:– The Birth of Venus– Primavera

Page 13: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Pagan themes– La Primavera– The Birth of

Venus

• Attempt to depict perfect beauty

Sandro Botticelli

Page 14: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Botticelli, Sandro Primavera c. 1482Tempera on wood, 203 x 314 cm, Uffizi, Florence

3 Graces of Poetry, Music, DramaNature = goddess of spring (Flora)

Page 16: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

The Individual

Botticelli

• Pure visual poetry, Botticelli’s paintings are stylistically unique.

• There is a deliberate denial of rational spatial construction and no attempt to model solid-looking figures; instead the figures float on the forward plane of the picture against a decorative landscape backdrop.

• The forms are defined by a dark outline.

Page 17: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Classical Pose

Birth of Venus

Medici Venus

(1st century AD)

Page 18: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Leonardo da Vinci

Self Portrait, c 1510, Red chalk on paper

• Lived 1452-1519• Educated in the studio of the

renowned Florentine painter Verrocchio

• The ideal Renaissance Man, who was considered an expert:– Painter, sculptor, architect,

musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer.

Page 19: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Broad knowledge about many things in different fields

• Deep knowledge of skill in one area

• Able to link areas and create new knowledge

• Why were there so many Renaissance men during the Renaissance?– Lack of boundaries between

disciplines– Knowledge was just knowledge

Renaissance Man

Page 20: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Madonna of the Rocks– Geometrical

arrangement of figures

– Chiaroscuro– Sfumato– Foreshortening– Background

treatments– Artists live on

commissions

Da Vinci – Early Life

Page 21: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Last Supper– Used new fresco

method– Built into the room's

end• Light from the side

with the window• Door cut below

• During WWII a bomb hit the monastery

• Destroyed by erosion

Da Vinci - Milan

Page 22: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci“Among all the studies and reasoning, Light chiefly delights the beholder; and among the great features of mathematics the certainty of its demonstrations is what preeminently tends to elevate the mind of the investigator. Perspective, therefore must be preferred to all the discourses and systems of human learning.”

– Leonardo da Vinci

Page 23: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Acclaimed as the greatest painting in history

• Thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini

• The expression of the woman, composition, subtle modeling and atmospheric illusionism all contribute to the continued fascination of the painting

Da Vinci – Mona Lisa

Da Vinci, The Mona Lisa c. 1503-1519Oil on poplar, 77 x 53 cm, The Louvre, Paris

Page 24: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci - Science"'Those [artists] who are enamored of practice without science,' Leonardo explained, 'are like sailors who board a ship without rudder and compass, never having any certainty as to whither they go.'"

– Isacoff, Stuart, Temperament, Vintage Books, 2001, p. 85.

Page 25: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci’s Notebooks• Coded– Read R L with a

mirror

• Scientific illustration– Used science to

support art

Page 26: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci – Military

Page 27: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci – Aeronautics

Page 28: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci – Anatomy

Page 29: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci – Anatomy

Page 30: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Da Vinci – Technology

• Machines• Hydraulics• Vehicles on

land• Architecture• Scientific

method

Page 31: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

“Those sciences are vain and filled with errors which are not borne of

experiment, the mother of all certainty.”

Leonardo da Vinci

Da Vinci - Science

Page 32: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Only 17 paintings• Notebooks• Drawings of unfinished

works• Diverted rivers to

prevent flooding• Principles of turbine• Cartography• Submarine• Flying machine• Parachute• …And much more….

Da Vinci – Legacy

Page 33: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Michelangelo Buonarroti• Lived 1475-1564• Considered a contender for

the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with Da Vinci

• The attempts of subsequent artists to imitate Michelangelo's impassioned and highly personal style resulted in Mannerism, the next major movement in Western art after the High Renaissance.

Page 34: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Lived in the Medici palace• Studied anatomy• Several pieces for the

Medici tombs, etc.

Commissions by Medici

Page 35: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Michelangelo• The Pietá• 1498-1499• St. Peter’s

Basilica, Vatican City

• Only piece signed by Michelangelo

Page 36: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Michelangelo – David

Page 37: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Return to Rome

• Worked on tomb for Julius II

• Sistine Chapel

Page 38: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Sistine Chapel

Page 39: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Sistine Chapel

Page 40: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Michelangelo – Legacy• World’s greatest sculptor– See the figure inside the stone

and remove excess

• Painter– Mannerism

• Poet• Architect• Engineer

Page 41: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Lived 1483-1520• Italian painter and

architect of the High Renaissance.

• His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition

• Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.

Raphael

Page 42: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Raphael – School of Athens

Page 43: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Raphael – School of Athens

Page 44: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• The Madonna of the Meadow

• C. 1506• Using Leonardo’s

pyramidal composition for subjects of the Holy Family

Raphael

Page 45: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Saint George and the Dragon

• For the court of Urbino

• Louvre, Paris

Raphael

Page 46: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Transfiguration• 1516-1520• Last piece by

Raphael, left unfinished at his death

Raphael

Page 47: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Refinement • Exemplar of the

Renaissance• Expertise:– Artist,

archeologist, writer, philosopher, teacher

Legacy of Raphael

Page 48: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Mannerism (1520-1600)

Page 49: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

The Changing Role of the Artist• Giorgio Vasari’s Lives of the

Artists, 1568.• He believed that the artist was

no longer just a member of a crafts guild.

• The artist was an equal in the courts of Europe with scholars, poets, and humanists.

• Therefore, the artist should be recognized and rewarded for his unique artistic technique [maneria].

Page 50: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Background• Late Renaissance [Pre-Baroque].• Art was at an impasse after the perfection and

harmony of the Renaissance.• Antithetical to the principles of the High

Renaissance.• From the Italian de maneria.– A work of art done in the artist’s characteristic

“touch” or recognizable “manner.”• First used by the German art historian, Heinrich

Wölfflin in the early 20c.• Influenced by Michelangelo’s later works.

Page 51: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”(Sistine Chapel)

Page 52: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”(Sistine Chapel – left side)

Page 53: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”(Sistine Chapel – right side)

Page 54: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

Features of Mannerism1. Replace Harmony with Dissonance & Discord2. Replace Reason with Emotion3. Replace Reality with Imagination4. Create Instability instead of Equilibrium5. Bodies are Distored6. Colours are Lurid7. Pictorial Space is Crowded8. A Void in the Centre9. Hanging Figures

Page 55: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

1. Replace Harmony With Dissonance & Discord• “Susanna & the Elders”

• Alessandro Allori

• Twisted bodies or “weight shift” [contrapposto]

Page 56: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

2. Replace Reason with Emotion

• “Pietà” by Rosso Fiorentino• 1530-1540

Page 57: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

“Pietà” by El Greco 1587-1597

Page 58: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

3. Replace Reality with Imagination

• “The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine”

• Parmigianino

• 1525-1527

Page 59: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• “Charity”

• Andrea del Sarto

• 1518

• An allegory of the French royal family.

Page 60: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

4. Create Instability Instead of Equilibrium

• “The Rape of Helene”

• Francesco Primaticcio

• 1530-1539

Page 61: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

5. Bodies Are Distorted

• “Christ in Agony on the Cross”

• El Greco

• 1600s.

• An attempt to express the religious tensions of the times.

Page 62: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• “Adoration of theName of Jesus”

• El Greco

• 1578-1580.

Page 63: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Philip II of Spain in “Adoration of the Name of Jesus”

Page 64: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• “The Baptism of Christ”

• El Greco

• 1608-1628.

Page 65: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• “Portrait of a Cardinal”

• El Greco

• 1600

Page 66: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• “St. Jerome” by El Greco

• 1587-1597

Page 67: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

6. Colors are Lurid

• “The Tempest”

• Giorgione

• 1510

Page 68: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Caravaggio ,The Calling of St. Matthew 1599-1600, Oil on Canvas

Page 69: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• El Greco • View of Toledo • 1597 • Oil on Canvas

Page 70: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

7. Pictorial Space is Crowded

• “Madonna with the Long Neck”

• Parmagianino

• 1534-1540

Page 71: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Jacopo Pontormo, Joseph in Egypt 1515-1518; Oil on wood

Page 72: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Tintoretto The Last Supper 1594

Page 73: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

8. A Void in the Center• “Bacchus &

Ariadne”

• Titian

• 1522-1523 ??

Page 74: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• Giorgione Pastoral Concert 1508-1510

??

Page 75: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

9. Hanging Figures

• Tintoretto The Annunciation 1583-1587

Page 76: Renaissance Art. Byzantine mosaic in Sicily Late 12 th century Wilton Diptych - 1400 Medieval Art.

• “Moses Drawing Water form the Rock”

• Jacopo Tintoretto

• 1577