Removel of Bacteria From Water

7/28/2019 Removel of Bacteria From Water

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Bacteria in drinking water are tiny organisms

naturally occurring in water.

Not all types of bacteria in water are harmful. Many organisms found in water are of no

health concern since they do not cause

disease.


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Biological contamination of drinking water may

be separated into two groups:

(1) pathogenic (disease-causing)(2) non-pathogenic (not disease-causing).


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Pathogenic bacteria It cause illnesses such as typhoid fever,

dysentery, gastroenteritis, infectious hepatitis,

and cholera. All water supplies should be tested for biological

content prior to use and consumption. E.Coli (Escherichia Coli) is the coliform bacterial

organism which is looked for when testing thewater. This organism is found in the intestinesand fecal matter of humans and animals


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If E.Coli is found in a water supply along withhigh nitrate and chloride levels, it usually

indicates that waste has contaminated thesupply from a septic system or sewagedumping, and has entered by way of runoff, afractured well casing, or broken lines. Ifcoliform bacteria is present, it is an indicationthat disease-causing bacteria may also bepresent.


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Non-pathogenic bacteria found in water, isiron bacteria. Iron bacteria in water can be

readily identified by the red, feathery flocwhich forms overnight at the bottom of asample bottle containing iron and ironbacteria.


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There are several options for private watersupply disinfection. These include continuous

chlorination, shock chlorination, ultra-violetradiation (UV), and boiling (distillation). Eachhas advantages and limitations, but they areall intended for use on clean, clear water.


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Depending on existing water conditions,pretreatment may be necessary to eliminate

sediment or certain elements such ashardness, iron and manganese before anydisinfection process can be effective.


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It uses natural radiation to deactivatebacteria's ability to reproduce and cause

illness. UV water treatment devices can be used for

well water and surface water disinfection.


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Advantages of UV disinfection include, non toxicbyproducts, no need to add hazardous chemicals,requires minimal space and needs very littlemaintenance.

UV systems are produced in many sizes toaccommodate any household flow rate requirements.

UV treatment compares favorably with other waterdisinfection systems in terms of cost, labor and theneed for technically trained personnel for operation:deep tube wells fitted with hand pumps, whileperhaps the simplest to operate, require expensivedrilling rigs, are immobile sources, and often producehard water that is found distasteful.


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UV disinfection is most effective for treating a highclarity purified reverse osmosis distilled water.

Suspended particles are a problem because

microorganisms buried within particles are shieldedfrom the UV light and pass through the unitunaffected. However, UV systems can be coupled witha pre-filter to remove those larger organisms thatwould otherwise pass through the UV systemunaffected. The pre-filter also clarifies the water toimprove light transmittance and therefore UV dosethroughout the entire water column.


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Distillation (Boiling) is a process of heating

the water until it turns to steam, then cooling

the steam so it returns back to the liquid state.During this process, living organisms are

destroyed, making the water free from

bacteria. The limitations of distillation is the

amount of water it can produced in given

period of time and the energy that it takes to

make that amount of water.


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Importance

Distillation units are usually installed as point-of-use (POU) systems. They are generallyplaced at the kitchen faucet and used to

purify water intended for (drinking andcooking purposes only.

Stills vary in size, depending on the amount

of purified water they produce Theproduction rate varies from 3 to 11 gallons perday.


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Ultrafiltration(UF) water filter systems make

use of a hollow fiber membrane to complete or

significantly reduce bacteria. These under sinkdrinking water systems are an ideal low cost

alternative to reverse osmosis technology.

With no water storage tank it removes an

additional source for bacteria drinking water

contamination


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Ultrafiltration systems eliminate the need forclarifiers and multimedia filters for wastestreams to meet critical discharge criteria or tobe further processed by wastewater recoverysystems for water recovery. Efficientultrafiltration systems utilize membranes

which can be submerged, back-flushable, airscoured, spiral wound UF/MF membrane thatoffers superior performance for theclarification of wastewater and process water.


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Dialysis and other blood treatments Concentration of milk before making cheese Downstream processing (e.g., concentration) of

biotechnology-derived proteins (e.g., therapeuticantibodies) Desalting and solvent-exchange of proteins (via

diafiltration) Fractionation of proteins Clarification of fruit juice Recovery of vaccines and antibiotics from fermentation

broth Laboratory grade water purification


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Shock chlorination is a onetime treatmentoption designed to kill bacteria in the wellitself. In some cases, this method is a verytemporary solution. In order to ensure theeffectiveness of shocking the well with thecorrect amount of full strength chlorine,

proper calculations must be made toaccommodate the well depth, static waterlevel, volume, and water pH. Failure to do socould lead to inadequate disinfection.


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Reduced well yield Restricted water flow in distribution lines

Staining of plumbing fixtures and laundry Plugging of water treatment equipment "Rotten egg odour. Increased corrosion of the metal parts of the

well and distribution system


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Removel of Bacteria From Water

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