Remote Underwater Sampling and Aqueduct Monitoring Technology:

An Example of Linking Current Sensor Technology with Innovative Delivery Systems-

An Integral Part of an Early Warning System-Now

Christopher J. Owen, President and COOwww.apprisetech.com

2002- THE CHALLENGES AND 2002- THE CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK IN THE INDUSTRYOUTLOOK IN THE INDUSTRY

The Ever Changing View of The Ever Changing View of ProtectionProtection: :

The Activities of the Past Year Have The Activities of the Past Year Have Resulted in a Paradigm Shift in Industry Resulted in a Paradigm Shift in Industry ThoughtThought

2002-2002-NEWNEW CONCEPTS OF CONCEPTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE, THREAT, AND INFRASTRUCTURE, THREAT, AND

IMPACTIMPACT• THREAT:

• No Longer Restricted to Vandalism and Accidents But Must No Longer Restricted to Vandalism and Accidents But Must Include Malevolent Activity. Must Also Now Include “Perceived” Include Malevolent Activity. Must Also Now Include “Perceived” Threats (i.e.The Challenges of Validation of the Counterfeit-Threats (i.e.The Challenges of Validation of the Counterfeit-Threat).Threat).

• INFRASTRUCTURE:• Forcing a Broader Scope of What Forcing a Broader Scope of What IsIs Critical Infrastructure. Critical Infrastructure.

• IMPACT:• Concerns Broadened to Include More Than Obvious Human Concerns Broadened to Include More Than Obvious Human

Health Impacts--Now More than Ever it is Also About Public Health Impacts--Now More than Ever it is Also About Public Confidence and O&M Costs. Confidence and O&M Costs.

2002-2002-NEWNEW CONCERNS ABOUT MULTIPLE POINTS CONCERNS ABOUT MULTIPLE POINTS OF ENTRY AND ASSOCIATED PUBLIC UNEASE OF ENTRY AND ASSOCIATED PUBLIC UNEASE

ABOUT INCLUSIVENESS OF CURRENT ABOUT INCLUSIVENESS OF CURRENT MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, AND MITIGATION MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, AND MITIGATION

STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

• Risk analysis demands coverage of sub-systems with Risk analysis demands coverage of sub-systems with the highest potential of human health impact the highest potential of human health impact firstfirst, culling , culling out municipal distribution systems as an obvious out municipal distribution systems as an obvious priority, but there is much more to be done.priority, but there is much more to be done.

2002-CONERNS MOUNT ABOUT 2002-CONERNS MOUNT ABOUT PROTECTION EFFORTS THROUGHOUT THE PROTECTION EFFORTS THROUGHOUT THE

SUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAINQuestions to Water Operators Not Monitoring Their Systems:Questions to Water Operators Not Monitoring Their Systems:

• Are you prepared to empty a five, 10 or 30 million-Are you prepared to empty a five, 10 or 30 million-gallon finished or source water reservoir to prove to gallon finished or source water reservoir to prove to the public the water is safe to drink?the public the water is safe to drink?

• The public has not accepted that the solution to The public has not accepted that the solution to pollution is dilution, do we believe this will “hold pollution is dilution, do we believe this will “hold water” for an event defined by the public, or the water” for an event defined by the public, or the press, as a chemical and/or biological attack on a press, as a chemical and/or biological attack on a source water system?source water system?

• Do you have a comprehensive security and monitoring Do you have a comprehensive security and monitoring program for your source water system?program for your source water system?

• Can we really Can we really learn from learn from Hollywood’s- Hollywood’s- War GamesWar Games

• A threat does A threat does not need to be not need to be “real” to be a “real” to be a threat, simply threat, simply perceivedperceived as as real. real.

• Is your data Is your data link secure?link secure?

CHALLANGES of TECHNOLOGIES and CHALLANGES of TECHNOLOGIES and DEVELOPERS to MEET THE NEEDS of DEVELOPERS to MEET THE NEEDS of

the INDUSTRYthe INDUSTRY

• How do we develop the tools to cover all of the possible How do we develop the tools to cover all of the possible types of threats and points of entry?types of threats and points of entry?

• How quickly can we make these technologies available?How quickly can we make these technologies available?

• Can industry and regulators work together to validate new Can industry and regulators work together to validate new technologies so that end-users can utilize these advances technologies so that end-users can utilize these advances with confidence and be unencumbered by an ambiguous with confidence and be unencumbered by an ambiguous verification and validation process?verification and validation process?

• Can we make these systems low cost and effective so that Can we make these systems low cost and effective so that O&M resources are not disproportionately stressed?O&M resources are not disproportionately stressed?

2002 - GOALS FOR WATER 2002 - GOALS FOR WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTIONINFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION

• Continue to supContinue to supplyply to theto the community safe water. community safe water.

• Protect the infrastructure by implementation of Protect the infrastructure by implementation of networked systems, technology and training to networked systems, technology and training to meet this objective.meet this objective.

• Instill public confidence in implemented Instill public confidence in implemented programs.programs.

The Risk for Water Infrastructure:The Risk for Water Infrastructure:

•1996 President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP) determines water infrastructure as highly vulnerable to a range of potential attacks.

•Effects of threat touch every citizen in the US with over 27 billion gallons of water pumped every day.

The Broad Spectrum of Risks:The Broad Spectrum of Risks:

•Maybe natural or malevolent.

•Threats maybe high-tech or low-tech.

•Executed by organized groups or loose networks.

•May use exotic or common chemical or biological compounds.

Results of a “Successful” Attacks:Results of a “Successful” Attacks:

• Widespread panic.• Significant economic impact.• Loss of public confidence in the US water supply infrastructure.

Distribution Monitoring is Key-However Source Water Attack Has Broad Reaching Impacts-Question to Water Operators Not

Monitoring Their Systems:

• Public will Demand Treatment or Disposal• Public Trust will be Tarnished• For Counterfeit-Threats They Are Most Successful if Monitoring programs are Limited or Do Not Exist.

Are you prepared to empty or treat a five, 10 or 15 million-gallon finished water reservoir to prove to

the public that it is safe to drink the water?

In December of 1999 the following industry report outlined the need for an Early Warning System and potential solution criteria...

International Life Science Institute (ILSI) Workshop Recommendations Published in a Report Titled:

EARLY WARNING MONITORING TO DETECT HAZARDOUS EVENTS IN WATER SUPPLIES

October 10, 2001-United States House of Representatives-Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure-Subcommittee on Water Resources and the Environment

House Testimony of Jeffrey J. Danneels (Sandia National Laboratories)

“Time delays with sampling and analysis are key drivers for the need for real-time monitoring capabilities.”

In 2001 the FBI issued this warning…

“As long as enemies of the United States of America exist,

terrorism could strike a US water supply unless steps are taken to prevent such action.”

The “Tall Order” For Early Warning Systems:The “Tall Order” For Early Warning Systems: Provide Warning in Sufficient Time for Action

• Integration of Multiple Sensors in a Modular or Expandable Installation

• Affordable

• Can Be Mass Produced

• Requires Low Skill and Training to Operate

• Covers ALL Potential Threats

• Gives Minimal False Positive and Negative Responses

• Robust, Reproducible, and Verifiable

• Allows Remote Operation

• Functions Year-Around

• Turns Data Into Knowledge

• Can be Networked or Installed in Multiple Locations

ILSI Industry Report On Early Warning Systems and Statements of Jeffrey Danneels: Sandia National Laboratories Report to the US House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure-Subcommittee on Water Resources and the Environment

EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEMS:Goals and requirements…

A Brief History: Technology and A Brief History: Technology and Water Quality MonitoringWater Quality Monitoring

Surface Water Quality Monitoring: A coupling of technology-evolution to apply current sensor technology in innovative ways...

•1800-1900’s - Chemical testing

•Early 1900’s - First sensors developed for lab use

•1960’s - First submersible pH electrode

•1970’s - Data storage - Trends vs. Isolated Data Points

•Mid 1980’s - Unattended systems using dataloggers

- Buoy systems with sensor packages

•Late 1980’s - One-way radio telemetry systems used

- First solar-powered systems

•1990’s -- Digital technology

- Unattended remote data telemetry

•Late 1990’s - Interactive Sensor Delivery Systems

•Development of Variable Buoyancy Systems (VBS)

Sensor Solutions to Threats:Sensor Solutions to Threats:

New Sensor Technology for Chemical and Biological Agentsvs.

Applying Current Sensors and Related Advanced Sensor Delivery Technology in Innovative Ways

New Sensor Designs: The need for time, money and broad threat New Sensor Designs: The need for time, money and broad threat sensitivity.sensitivity.

New Sensor Development Advantages: Specific and sensitive to specific treats

New Sensor Development Disadvantages: Costly to develop, verify and validate for field deployment Not available currently (takes years to decades to bring to market) Requires complex design for multiple contaminate functionality or Requires multiple sensors to cover the wide spectrum of possible threats

New Sensor Challenges in EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEMS:Goals and requirements… Integration of multiple sensors in a modular or expandable installation (unknown).

Affordable (development costs are high). Can be mass produced (unknown). Covers ALL potential threats (quantification of a threat is costly; multiple threats is

more costly). Robust, reproducible, and verifiable (no track record for robustness and

reproducibility) Turns data into knowledge (unknown). Network Ability (Unknown)

Applying Current Sensors and Related Technology in Innovative Ways...Applying Current Sensors and Related Technology in Innovative Ways...

Advantages Inexpensive (currently produced in mass quantity). Long track record for performance (robust, reproducible and verifiable). Canary in coal mine approach - measures effect making it broad spectrum in sensitivity to a variety of threats. Long record for ease of use (long running familiarity with the form and function of the

sensors). Data turned to knowledge (current sensor data has a long record as used as predictors for the health of the system that can be applied to Early Warning Systems).

Disadvantages Not specific to individual chemical or biological threats (still requires select sampling to quantify the specific contaminate).

Challenges to the Innovative Application of Current Sensor Technology EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEMS:Goals and requirements… Provide warning in sufficient time for action.

Integration of multiple sensors in a modular or expandable installation. Allows remote operation.

Sensor Solutions to Threats:Sensor Solutions to Threats:

New Sensor Technology For Chemical and Biological Agents

vs. Applying Current Sensors and Related Advanced Sensor

Delivery Technology In Innovative Ways

Example of a Remote Platform for Effective Deployment of Current Sensor Technology-Merging Technology to Address the Needs of Managers: Variable Buoyancy Systems (RUSSTM) Current Applications

Treatment Process Optimization, General Management and Monitoring

Forecast Modeling

Compliance Monitoring

Early Warning Monitoring of Harmful Events

Currently in Use Across the US, in Korea and Israel.

Emerging hydrocarbons DNA Miniaturization GC/mass spec.

Example of How a Remote Platform Works to Integrate Example of How a Remote Platform Works to Integrate Current Sensor Technology into Early Warning System Current Sensor Technology into Early Warning System RequirementsRequirements

A Successful System Contains The Following:Flotation ModuleOn-Board ComputerPower SystemTelemetry Module

Result: Remote Operation of Sensor Package (Bi-Directional Communications), Movement of Sensor Package to Preprogrammed Depths and Generation of Extensive Data Sets for Water Quality Managers for Use in Process Optimization and Early Warning Systems in Near Real-Time. Networkability for large geographic coverage.

Example of How a Remote Platforms Works to Integrate Current Sensor Example of How a Remote Platforms Works to Integrate Current Sensor Technology into Early Warning System Requirements Technology into Early Warning System Requirements (Aqueduct Monitoring System)(Aqueduct Monitoring System)

Example of How a Remote Platforms Work to Integrate Current Sensor Technology Example of How a Remote Platforms Work to Integrate Current Sensor Technology into Early Warning System Requirements into Early Warning System Requirements (Aqueduct Monitoring System)(Aqueduct Monitoring System)

Key Components•Secure Dedicated Phone line•Central Control CPU•Flow Meter for Pump Fail Notification•Expandable Sensor Reservoir •Refrigerated Sample Archive

Key Design Features• High Resolution Data for Predictive Models• Sensor Trigger Limits for Archived Sampling• On Demand Sample Trigger• Redundant Status Notification

Current Uses of this Current Uses of this Technology: Water Technology: Water UtilitiesUtilitiesFirst used as a Process Control tool...

• Turbidity Events - Early warning for chemical treatment and plume transport modeling.

• Algal Bloom Detection - taste & odor problems

• Deep Water Withdrawal Characterization - Measuring ReDox to predict problematic mineral-rich content in source water (minimize mineral build up in process control)

• Source Water Characterization for multiple source blending

• Effects of Hypolimnetic Oxygenation Systems (active management activity for algal control)

• Vertical Layer Assessment of Reservoir Source Water - for intake management measuring temperature and density effects

• Discharge Plume Assessment

•Profiling systems generate sufficient data to develop predictive models that can identify natural occurrences from unnatural as early warning of contamination (technology based “Canary In the Coal Mine”).

•Profile data is used for toxic transport models to estimate “time of arrival” at critical infrastructure.

•Profiling systems are ideal platforms for additional (or new) technology.

•Remote profiling buoy systems work 24/7 and deliver near-real time data about water events.

•Profiling systems use common commercially available sensors and probes that measure primary water characteristics.

Using Profiling Buoy and Using Profiling Buoy and Aqueduct Monitoring Aqueduct Monitoring Technology, Joined with Technology, Joined with Current Sensor Technology Current Sensor Technology as an Integral Component of as an Integral Component of Early Warning Systems...Early Warning Systems...

•Provides warning in sufficient time for action

•Profiling and aqueduct systems are currently being used to establish Near- Real Time measurement for transport models (Turbidity and Toxic Transport).

•Covers all potential threats

•Data establish baseline biological and chemical data sets and establish upper and lower control limits and related risk response triggers (Canary in a Coal Mine).

•Cost is affordable

• Use proven technology for profiling buoy systems.

• Use standard “Off the Shelf” sensors resulting in low cost immediate implementation.

•Requires minimal skill and training

• Systems that utilizes current staff for O&M -allowing for better allocation of resources for data interpretation.

•Gives minimal false positive or negative responses.

•Proven sensor technology allows for minimization of false positives and false negatives.

•Is robust

•Over 50 systems are deployed in an array of environments.

•Is reproducible and verifiable

•System validated by the US EPA EMPACT Program. However needs more data.

•Allows remote operation and functions year-round

•Combination of wireless and landline systems for Near-Real Time Data.

How does this design fit the “EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEM: Goals and requirements”…

Remote Profiling Buoy Systems, Using Current Sensor Technology, Remote Profiling Buoy Systems, Using Current Sensor Technology, Meets the Recommended Defined Criteria for Early Warning Systems:Meets the Recommended Defined Criteria for Early Warning Systems:

As new sensors for biological and As new sensors for biological and chemical "signatures" are chemical "signatures" are commercialized, they will require an commercialized, they will require an operating platform.operating platform.

Most remote systems use standard communication protocols. New sensor developments will likely use a standard protocol and therefore can easily be integrated into buoy or other remote platforms with minimal cost for “real-time” assessment of the health of the aquatic system.

Remote data acquisition systems are ideal platforms for new andemerging sensor technologies.

Predictive Models:Predictive Models: A key element of an A key element of an Early Warning System: Joining Current-Early Warning System: Joining Current-Inexpensive Sensor Technology with Delivery Inexpensive Sensor Technology with Delivery Platforms to Generate Data Required for Platforms to Generate Data Required for Proactive ModelsProactive Models

• Allow managers and operators valuable time to be proactive instead of reactive in terms of treatment and awareness.

• Predictive capabilities- differentiate between natural and unnatural occurrences to minimize harm.

• Great expansion capabilities- use remote platforms to integrate new technology as they become available.

Successful Early Warning Systems Must Present Successful Early Warning Systems Must Present Water QualityWater Quality Data in a Variety of Ways for Timely Response to ChangeData in a Variety of Ways for Timely Response to Change

Data Visualization Tools

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Profiling Unit: Site: XXX Scheduled on 08-20-1999 at 02:00:00

Date Time Depth TempC pH Cond DOppm DOsat Turb ORP

08-20-1999 02:05:39 0.8 20.90 9.00 99.3 8.54 95.4 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:07:36 2.0 21.20 9.20 100.5 8.46 95.2 1. 409.

08-20-1999 02:08:21 2.9 21.10 9.20 101.1 8.21 92.1 2. 409.

08-20-1999 02:09:33 4.0 21.00 9.20 101.1 8.22 92.1 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:10:48 4.9 20.80 9.10 99.0 8.04 89.8 2. 408.

08-20-1999 02:11:51 5.9 20.50 8.90 98.2 7.77 86.2 2. 410.

08-20-1999 02:13:03 6.9 19.50 8.80 101.7 6.97 75.9 2. 412.

08-20-1999 02:14:30 7.8 16.40 8.60 107.3 5.39 55.1 2. 415.

08-20-1999 02:15:39 8.8 12.80 8.50 110.2 5.20 48.8 2. 420.

Data Visualization ToolsData Visualization ToolsAllow Users to Present Data in Allow Users to Present Data in a Visual User-Friendly a Visual User-Friendly Format Turning “DATA INTO Format Turning “DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE”.KNOWLEDGE”.

Best Way to Approximate the Tall Order: Addressing industry needs and public protection…Best Way to Approximate the Tall Order: Addressing industry needs and public protection…

Provide warning in sufficient time for action integration of multiple.

Sensors in a modular or expandable installation.

Affordable and can be mass produced.

Requires minimal skills and training to operate.

Covers ALL potential threats. (???????)

Gives minimal false positive and negative responses. (Limitation Known)

Robust, reproducible and verifiable.

Allows remote operation and functions year-around (Most of the Time)

Turns data into knowledge.

Can be networked or installed in multiple locations.

EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEMS:

Conclusion: A need to allocate resources Conclusion: A need to allocate resources to applying current sensors and related to applying current sensors and related

technology in innovative ways - best technology in innovative ways - best Early Warning Solution for managers and Early Warning Solution for managers and

the communities they serve.the communities they serve.

Apprise Technologies - 2002

EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEMS:

Industry Moving to Combined Technologies for a Total Solution-Example of Current SOP-When to Respond/When to Screen and When to Sample:

•Remote Preset Trigger Alarm-RUSS or SAMM System-Response•Causal Validation-Eclox-Response

•Transport of Auto-Archive Sample for Laboratory Analysis-Response

Apprise Technologies - 2002

Development of Base Models That May be Trained for Control Limit Predictors•The Models need to be robust•Can be easily adapted to a variety of systems.•Need to be run in a near real time environment.

EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEMS:

Near Term Needs:

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Please call us toll free: Please call us toll free: 1-866-APPRISE 1-866-APPRISE or email: or email: cowen@apprisetech.comcowen@apprisetech.com

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