April 12, 2023

April 12, 2023

ARUN.MS5 EEE11031069

REMOTE DETECTION OF ILLEGAL USAGE OF ELECTRICITY VIA POWER LINE COMMUNICATION

April 12, 2023

April 12, 2023

HISTORY

• 1950 : at a frequency of 10 hz , 10 kw of power , one way: town lighting , remote relay control

• 1980 : beginning of researches into the use of electrical power grid to support data transmission• 1997: first tests for bidirectional data signal transmission over the electrical supply network and beginning of research by Ascom(Switzerland) and Norweb(UK)• 2000 : First test carried out in France by EDF R&D and Ascom

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INTRODUCTION In India the largest democracy with an estimated population of about 1.04 billion is on the road to rapid growth in economy because of electricity

The theft of electricity is a criminal offence

If an automatic Meter Reading system via power line communication is set in a power delivery system a detection system for illegal usage of electricity is possible

Power line communication has many new service possibilities on the data transferring via PL with out extra cables

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METHODS OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE

1) Using mechanical objects

2) Using the external phase before meter terminals

3) Switching the energy cables at the meter connector box

4) Using a fixed magnet

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AUTOMATIC METER READING (AMR) The AMR system starts at the meter.

Some means of translating reading from rotating meter dials into digital form is necessary in order to send digital metering data from the customer to a central point.

A optical sensor is used to convert the ordinary meter rotation into the digital form.

One such technique using optical sensor is shown in the figure .

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Optical sensor

Signal out

Marker

Reflected ray

Incident ray

Rotating disc in Meter housing

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COMPONENT OF AMR SYSTEM

1) Meter interface module

2) Communication system

3) Central office system equipments

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POWER LINE COMMUNICATION

Power line carrier communication take place over the same line that deliver electricity

This technique involve injecting a high frequency AC carrier in to the power line and modulating this carrier with data originating from the meter or central station the practice of using medium-voltage (11 to 33kv) and low voltage ( 100 to 400) power distribution lines as high speed PLC communication means and optical network as backbone network is common

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

BASE STATION

MODEM MODEM

MODEM

METER

METER

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WORKING

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Host PLC Unit

Kwh

Kwh

Kwh

EnergyMeter

EnergyMeter

EnergyMeter

PLC 1A

PLC 2A

PLC NA

PLC

1B

PLC

2B

PLCN

B

220V AC

Subscriber 1 Subscriber 2

Subscriber N

To Central Station

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Energy meter chip

PLC modem

Illegal load

Host PLC Modem PLC

modemOptical reflector system

Legal load

kWh meter

Power line

s

disk

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FACTORS FOR DETECTION SYSTEM

1) Every user has two PLC modems

2) An second energy meter must be installed

3) The host PLC unit must be placed in the distribution transformer

4) The host PLC modem and its controller must include two address per every user

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ADVANTAGES There is no need of extra cables and wires

Accelerating the economic growth

Very suitable for smart grid project

The initial and running cost are low

Distribution loses are reduced

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DISADVANTAGES

Breakdown of power line will affect

There needs more modems

Looping from the pole may possible

There should be a host PLC unit near all the distribution transformer

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APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS Leakage current detection

Public lighting ( street lighting )

Power system fault detection

Measurement/Control/Energy-management of electrical power equipments for electrical power companies

Automatic Meter Reading

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SCOPE FOR FUTURE

Home security

The remote monitoring /control of electrical house hold appliances

Online games

Home network (LAN)

Remote billing

 

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the proposed detector system to determine the illegal electricity usage via power line communication is very useful and successful.

The system proved that if AMR and detector system are used together illegal usage of electricity might be detected.

Once this proposed detection system are tried in real power lines , the distribution losses in India can be reduced effectively

CONCLUSION

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REFERENCE I.H. Cavder , “A Solution to remote detection of ….. “ IEEE Transaction on power

delivery , vol.19

Yoshinori Mizugai and Masahiro oya , world trends in power line communication Mitsubishi Electric

The magazine electrical for you 2012 march edition

Tom D Tamar kin “ automatic meter reading “ Public Power magazine vol.50 number 5 September - October 1992

The website www.yuvaengineers.com

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ANY DOUBT

April 12, 2023