REMEMBER ! PLACEMENT TEST Giovedi, ore 11, P3 RICEVIMENTO BOWLES Lunedi 11-12, Venerdi 10-11...
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Transcript of REMEMBER ! PLACEMENT TEST Giovedi, ore 11, P3 RICEVIMENTO BOWLES Lunedi 11-12, Venerdi 10-11...
REMEMBER !REMEMBER !
PLACEMENT TEST
Giovedi, ore 11, P3
RICEVIMENTO BOWLES
Lunedi 11-12, Venerdi 10-11
DIDATTICA WEB Lingua Inglese 1 LLEM
Bacheca e Files 1
WELCOME TO WELCOME TO LINGUA INGLESE 1LINGUA INGLESE 1
- Modulo 1- 20 lessons- written exam (1 hr)- esonero in December or exams in June, September,
January
2
2011-12 LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/B2011-12 LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/BIntroduction to English LinguisticsIntroduction to English Linguisticsprof. Hugo Bowlesprof. Hugo Bowles
Lesson 3
What is English linguistics 3
Linguistics quiz – n.1Linguistics quiz – n.1
Who speaks standard English?a. english peopleb. americansc. australiansd. all three of thesee. all three of these and othersf. none of these
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Linguistics quiz – n.4Linguistics quiz – n.4 Who might say “I wented”?
a. a. a small english child
b. b. an Italian student of English
c. c. an american from Louisiana
d. d. all of these
e. e. none of these
Yes or no?7
A. DEFINITIONS & AREASA. DEFINITIONS & AREAS
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DEFINITION AREA
The study of how you learn your mother tongue
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
The study of language and the mind
COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
The study of language and society
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
The study of how we communicate as a species
ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS
Linguistics quiz – n.5Linguistics quiz – n.5
The same person can be a “terrorist” and a "freedom fighter”. Yes or no?
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Linguistics quiz – n.6Linguistics quiz – n.6
“I scream” has the same sound as
“ice cream”
Yes or no?
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Linguistics quiz – n.8Linguistics quiz – n.8
xt xs pxssxblx tx xndxrstxnd whxt I xm wrxtxng xvxn xf x rxplxcx xll thx vxwxls wxth xn x
Yes or no?
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Linguistics quiz – n.10Linguistics quiz – n.10
There are three words in this sentence ………
Yes or no?
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B. DEFINITIONS & AREASB. DEFINITIONS & AREAS
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DEFINITION AREA
The study of sound patterns in languages
PHONOLOGY
The study of the sounds of speech PHONETICS
The study of the structure of words
MORPHOLOGY
The study of rules governing language use
PRAGMATICS
The study of word meaning LEXICAL SEMANTICS
The study of how language is used PRAGMATICS
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Structure UsePragmatics
Meaning (semantics)GrammarMedium of
Transmission
Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Lexicon Discourse
Structure of Spoken Language (from Crystal 1997)
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What you will studyWhat you will study
Phonetics and PhonologyMorphology and SyntaxSemantics
Pragmatics – Lingua 2 and 3
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PhonologyPhonology
The study of the sound patterns in languagesPhonemes (vowels and consonants)Prosody (stress, rhythm and intonation)
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SyntaxSyntax
The study of the ways in which words combine into units such as Phrase, Clause and Sentence
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SemanticsSemantics
The study of the meaning of words and sentences, their denotations, connotations, implications and ambiguities
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PragmaticsPragmatics
The analysis of language as it is used. It includes discourse analysis and
conversation analysis which you will study in years 2 and 3
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What is the difference between phonetics What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?and phonology?
Phonology deals with the sound systems languages
Phonetics deals with the physical realisation of the elements of the sound system, e.g. how the sound is physically produced (articulatory phonetics), or the acoustic characteristics of the speech sound (acoustic phonetics)
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Why study phonetics and Why study phonetics and phonology?phonology?
Of particular importance for learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) because it has a practical application
English has a far larger repertory of phonemes than languages like Standard Italian
English is not a phonographic language, i.e. spelling generally does give a clear indication of pronunciation
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Standard British English v. Standard British English v. Standard ItalianStandard Italian
English Italian
Pure Vowels 12 7 (5)
Diphthongs 8 4
Consonants 24 19
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English is not a phonographic English is not a phonographic languagelanguage
Many sounds have several different spellings, e.g. go, though, foe, slow, boat; or George, Joe, badge, village
Many “same spellings” have different sounds, e.g. <ough>: though, cough, bough, through,
thought, and enough.
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The problem of pronunciation The problem of pronunciation for learners of ESLfor learners of ESL
Learners cannot rely on the spelling of a word The problem is the opposite for native speakers –
English schoolchildren spend incredible amounts of time learning to read and esp. to write. Many adults have very poor spelling.
To learn to pronounce English correctly it is of great help to learn to read phonemic transcription and/or have a CD dictionary with sound
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Even the predictable combinations in Even the predictable combinations in English are different to those of other English are different to those of other
languageslanguages
<ai> usually corresponds to //, e.g. pain, paid, almost never to //
<ch> usually, but not always, corresponds to /∫/ at the start of a word, e.g. cheese but not choir
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Is English spelling really so Is English spelling really so erratic?erratic?
83% of English words have predictable spelling
However, the remaining 17% is comprised of the most commonly used, everyday words
Therefore the greatest difficulties are faced by the learner at the start
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Why is English spelling so Why is English spelling so erratic? (1)erratic? (1)
Not enough vowel letters for vowel sounds
English does not use accents, umlauts etc.
English spelling reflects many archaic forms of pronunciation e.g. night in the past, was pronounced with a fricative
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Why is English spelling so Why is English spelling so erratic? (2)erratic? (2)
English has always resisted spelling reforms and academies to set standards
English spelling became fixed in the 16th-17th c. with the arrival of printing. Many of the printers were Flemish and had little knowledge of the language
English has borrowed extensively from other languages and has tended to maintain original spelling
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Key concepts: the Key concepts: the phonephone
Each time a speech sound is produced it is different
Each time you produce a /t/ it will be ever so slightly different
Hence the concept of the phone: a physical realisation of a speech sound
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Key concepts: the Key concepts: the phonemephoneme
The smallest speech sound that has linguistic value
When a series of phones are similar in terms of articulation and can be distinguished from another group in terms of meaning and collocation, the group is given a name e.g. /t/. This is a phoneme.
The phoneme is an abstract term, specific to a particular language.