REMEDIAL DESIGN TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT
112
Remedial Design Treatability Study Report Ace Services Colby, Kansas February'28. 2001 Prepared for: USEPA Region VII Prepared by: Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp. » O 7 EPA Contract No.: 68-W5-0004 EPA Work Assignment Number: 039-RDRD-07GE BVSPC Project No.: 46118 S00133941 SUPERFUND RECORDS
Transcript of REMEDIAL DESIGN TREATABILITY STUDY REPORT
Remedial DesignTreatability Study Report
Ace ServicesColby, Kansas
February'28. 2001
Prepared for:USEPA Region VII
Prepared by:Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp.
»
O 7
EPA Contract No.: 68-W5-0004EPA Work Assignment Number: 039-RDRD-07GE
BVSPC Project No.: 46118
S00133941SUPERFUND RECORDS
Remedial DesignTreatability Study Report
Ace ServicesColby, Kansas
February 28. 2001
Prepared for:USEPA Region VII
Prepared by:Black & Veatch"Special Projects Corp.
EPA Contract No.: 68-W5-0004EPA Work Assignment Number: 039-RDRD-07GE
BVSPC Project No.: 46118
TABLE OF CONTENTSTREATABILITY STUDY WORK PLAN
ACE SERVICES SITE
Page
1 .0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 . 1 Site Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 .2 Waste Stream Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -31 .3 Description of Treatability Study Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
2.0 Treatability Study Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -12.1 Electrochemical Reductioa'Precipitatioa-'Coagulation-Flocculation Process . . . . . . . 2-1
2 . 1 . 1 Procedure Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 12.1 .2 Results and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.2 In-Situ Bioremediation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52.3 Ion Exchange Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.3.1 Procedure Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72.3.2 Results and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
3 .0 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -1
4.0 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 1
Tables
Table 1-1 Characterization Summary of Contaminated Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4Table 2-1 Electrochemical Reduction Results Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4Table 2-2 Characterization Summary Ion Exchange Water Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8Table 2-3 Ion Exchange Results Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Figures
Figure 1-1 Total Chromium Isoconcentration Contour Map - Intermediate Zone . . . . . . . . . 1-2Figure 2-1 Schematic of Treatability Study Procedures (Electrochemical Reduction) . . . . . 2-2
Irejtahilit> Stud> KeponAce Scmccs Sue TC-1
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1.0 Introduction
Black & Veatch Special Project Corp. (BVSPC) conducted three treatability studies/evaluations for groundwater treatment as part of the remedial design being performed forgroundwater remediation at the Ace Services site, in C'olby. Kansas. The remedial designis being conducted for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under contractnumber 68-W5-0004, USER A work assignment number 039-RDRD-07GE.
Three separate treatability studies or evaluations were performed for potentially viablegroundwater treatment processes. The first treatability study was performed forelectrochemical reduction treatment processes. The second effort was a treatability studyevaluation performed for in-situ bioremediation processes. The third treatability study wasperformed for ion exchange processes.
The purpose of this Report is to summarize the procedures and results of the treatabilitystudies and to provide recommendations based on the results.
1.1 Site DescriptionThis section provides a brief summary of project background and site description.
Although the ROD addresses remedial actions for groundwater and soils/building debris,information in this report includes only contaminated groundwater since this is the media offocus for treatability studies.
The Ace Services site is located in the agricultural community of Colby. Kansas. Figurel-l presents a map of the site. Chrome plating operations for farm equipment performedfrom approximately 1954 to 1990, resulted in chromium-contaminated soils and groundwaterfrom leaks and spills and from discharges of a faulty wastewater treatment system. Thepresence of hexavalent chromium in the groundwater has been identified as an unacceptablehealth risk to any future on-site or off-site resident users.
From 1971 through 1991, USEPA and the Kansas Department of Health andEnvironment (KDHE) performed site investigation activities. Removal actions wereperformed by KDHE in 1981 and 1992 for contaminated sludge and remaining processwaste, and by USEiPA in 1994 for contaminated soils and building debris. In 1996. USEPAcontinued ongoing remedial investigation/remedial design activities for groundwater andcompleted a remedial action for the onsite buildings in February 2000.
Instability Slud> Report 46118 127-02Ace Services Sue 1-1
<";•§!o ACE SERVICES SITE
4THI STREET
CITY OF COLBY,
RW-3<3
ACE RECOVERY WELLWW-4-I35
MW-5-I33 (5)
MW-11-117 114)
RW-RW-9<3
LEGEND
I
Q
m
o
oo
NOTES:WELL CONSTRUCTION DATA NOTAVAILABLE FOR RESIDENTIAL WELLS(RW). RW DATA ARE PRESENTED FORREFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOTCONTOURED.
500' 250' 500'
MW-1-1
100
EXISTING WELL LOCATIONWITH IDENTIFICATION AND TOTALCHROMIUM CONCENTRATION (ug/L)(SEPTEMBER 2000)
TOTAL CHROMIUM ISOCONCENTRATIONCONTOUR (ug/L) (DASHED WHEREAPPROXIMATE)
FIGURE 1-1TOTAL CHROMIUMISOCONCENTRATIONCONTOUR MAP -INTERMEDIATE ZONEACE SERVICES SITE
The Ogallala Aquifer is the groundwater aquifer underlying the area that has beencontaminated by releases at the site. Extensive groundwater sampling and analysis wasperformed from 1980 through 2000. Analytical results of this sampling indicated thepresence of chromium in the groundwater, primarily in the hexavalent state. The resultsidentified in samples collected from September 1996 through September 2000. indicate thatthe extent of the hexavalent chromium plume in groundwater is approximately 5.200 feetlong and 1.400 feet wide in 130 feet of saturated thickness (Figure 1 - 1 ) . The recentmaximum concentration of the plume was approximately 4.170 micrograms per liter (^g'L).
Based on the maximum contaminant level (40 CFR 141.62). the groundwater cleanupcriteria for chromium for this site is 100 ^g/L. Effluent discharge requirements for thetreated water are 17 ag'L hexavalent chromium. 100 ug I. total chromium, and pH between6.0 and 9.0.
1.2 Waste Stream DescriptionGroundwater samples collected from monitoring wells and extraction wells were
analyzed for several parameters to characterize the chemistry of the contaminatedgroundwater which will be extracted for treatment. Results of the analyses are presented inTable I - I .
1.3 Description of Treatability Study TechnologiesThree separate treatability studies/evaluations were performed for groundwater treatment
processes. Previous treatability studies have not been performed at the site. The firsttreatability study performed evaluated electrochemical reduction/' precipitation/ coagulation-flocculation treatment processes. The process involves the reduction of hexavalentchromium (chromium VI) to tnvalent chromium (chromium III) and subsequent removal ofthe trivalent chromium from the groundwater by precipitation, flocculation, andsedimentation treatment process. The second effort was a treatability study evaluation of in-situ bioremediation processes. The representative process evaluated in this study involvesthe in-situ reduction of hexavalent chromium through microbiological processes to trivalentchromium followed by in place precipitation. The third treatability study performedevaluated ion exchange processes. The process involves pumping extracted groundwaterthrough an anion exchange resin. Hexavalent chromium (which exists in the groundwateras an anionic chromate) and other anions are removed from the groundwater as anions areadsorbed to the resin.
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Table 1-1Characterization Summary of Contaminated Groundwater
Ace Services SiteTreatability Study Report
PARAMETER(moA)
ALKALINITY
AMMONIA
BICARBONATE
C»R9ONA"E
T QTA. CARBON
"CTAl ORGAN. C CARBON
S'L'CA
-OTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
T0TAi. SUL* 'DE
INORGANIC CHLORIDE
<aUO»>D€
V-RATE
NITRITE
ORTMO -PHOSPHORUS
SUIFATE
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
TO'AL CHROMIUM "
HgjLAVALENT CHROMIUM "
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SOO'UM
STRONTIUM
WELL
EX-2-S'
230
0 1
57 7
N0«'i
2 4 8
590
ND<<4)
t 2
67 5
092
106
NCX<0 1)
707
1 09
953
0532
0692
35 1
NO I<001SI
7 78
230
' 40
EX-2-r
238
ND(<0 1|
5 3
1 4
298
4«o
NO (<4)
1 0
298
' 20
65
NtX<0 1)
407
N0(<0 1)
71 1
2 360
3000
NO (<0 1)
268
NOKOOO3;
685
29 7
' 18
EX-2-D-
232
SO (<0 1)
5 7 8
NO :<i]
268
430
NO (<4)
NO (<1)
327
' 20
55
ND<<0 1)
363
NO(<0 1)
670
1 920
l 930
NO l<0 ')
234
ND(<0003)
656
278
1 05
RW<-
184
ND(<0 1)
450
ND i<1)
2 7 0
350
ND(<4|
ND(<1)
166
l 80
43
NCX<0 1)
233
ND(<0 1)
505
0 133
N0l<0 1)
173
NO l<0003)
5 73
258
0 7 7
Compotri*"
25C
NO (<0 'I
25«00
ND(«10)
85
ND i«li
290
510
NO («)
N0(<')
448
200
7 3
NO(<0 1)
N0(«0 1|
«6
ND(<0033)
0 123
760
0632
0630
ND(«0 18;
265
0005
7S4
31 1
' 24
I 2000
WehsMW-1-l MW-2 I MW-2-D MW-5 I MW-7-I MW-1LS MW-11 I PvlW-12-S MW-12-1 EX-2-1 EX-2-D and PWS-8mg/L =S = tr\
1-44 6 1 1 8 1 ^ 7 - 0 2
2.0 Treatability Study Approach
Three treatability studies or evaluations were performed during groundwater remediationdesign activities tor the Ace Services site, Colby. Kansas. The primary objective of thetreatability studies was to evaluate the performance of various treatment processes.Additional objectives for the studies included establishing design parameters, determiningoptimal quantities and types of chemical additives, determining effluent quality, andestimating sludge waste production. Procedures for the treatability studies are defined in theRemedial Design Trealability Study Work Plan. Ace Services Site (BVSPC 1999) andAddendum \<>. I Ion Exchange Remedial Design Treatability Study Work Plan. Ace ServicesSite (BVSPC 2000). The treatability studies were performed as described in the Work Plans,excluding the in-situ bioremediation treatability study. The treatability study procedures,results, and conclusions are described below.
2.1 Electrochemical Reduction/Precipitation/Coagulation-Flocculation Process
In the electrochemical process, iron is put into solution using charged carbon steelelectrodes. As the hexavalent chromium is passed through the charged electrodes, it ischemically changed to trivalent chromium. The trivalent chromium and iron subsequentlycoprecipitate as solid chromium hydroxide and iron hydroxide. The groundwater is passedthrough a degas tank to vent off hydrogen and then through a flash/floe tank where a polymeris added to aid flocculation. The groundwater is then passed through a flocculation chamberthen an inclined plate settler to remove the chromium and iron hydroxide solids and thenthrough a continuous backwash type sand filter to remove any remaining fine solids.
The treatability study procedures, results, and conclusions are summarized below. Thecomplete detailed report for the electrochemical reduction treatability study is provided inAppendix A.
2. J.I Procedure SummaryA composite groundwater sample was collected in October 1999 by combining equal
volumes of groundwater from Wells PWS-8 and MW-2-D. The sample was sent to theelectrochemical reduction treatability study subcontractor. Andco Environmental Processes.Inc.. Buffalo. New York.
Ireatahilns Studs Report 46! 18 12~-0:Ace Scr\ ices Sue — 1
Composite Sample
IronAddition
(25 ppm dose)
Sample No.ACE-0
Sample No.ACE-1
Sample No.ACE-2
Sample No.ACE-3
(ACE-7)
Sample No.ACE-4
IronAddition
(50 ppm dose)
Filter(8 micron)
Sample No.ACE-5
Sample No.ACE-6
(ACE-8)
46118 127-02
FIGURE 2-1Schematic of Treatability Study ProceduresF.lectrochemical Reduction Precipitation'Coagulation - Flocculation ProcessTreatability Study ReportAce Services Site
At the lab. several standard electrochemical treatment tests were performed on aliquotsof the composite sample as shown in Figure 2-1. The treatment tests were performed byplacing a known amount of the contaminated water in a suitable beaker, electrodes wereadded and a specific amount of ferrous iron was generated in each mini-cell. Faraday's Lawwas used to determine the generation time for the specific sized sample at a controlledamperage. During this process, a very small amount of hydrogen gas was formed duringoperation of the cell, thus a five minute degassing period was allowed.
Because the starting pH was 7.31 and hydroxyl ions were neutralized by the precipitationof chromium hydroxide and hydrous iron, a pre-electrochemical pH adjustment was notrequired. However, after electrochemical iron addition, a pH adjustment was required. ThepH adjustment was achieved by the addition of sodium hydroxide to obtain the desired pHfor clarification and precipitation. This final pH was based on iron's point of minimumsolubili ty in relation to the treatment objectives of the study.
In some cases, once pH stabilization was confirmed, an anionic polymer (Andco 3640)was added to assist floe formation and clarification. By adding only a small amount, 5 partsper million (ppm) by weight, a coarse, fast settling, hydrous iron oxide floe was achieved.After settling, samples ACE-3 and ACE-6 (and duplicates), were filtered through WhatmanNo. 40 (8 micron) filter paper.
Samples representing post treatment effluent were analyzed to evaluate treatmenteffectiveness. The results are discussed in Section 2.1.2.
2.1.2 Results and ConclusionsThe results for the study are summarized in Table 2-1. The analytical results of the
untreated sample indicated that all of the chromium present is in a hexavalent state. Theanalytical results of the treated water supports that the electrochemical iron addition processfollowed by filtration can reduce the chromium level from approximately 2.000 wg/L to theeffluent discharge limits of 17 ^g/L hexavalent chromium and 100 Mg/L total chromium.Based on this study, the optimum electrochemical process involves addition of iron at aconcentration of 25 ppm, use of polymer to aid floe formation, followed by multi-mediafiltration. The addition of the higher iron concentration (50 ppm) did not effect the results,however, it did further enhance solids formation for a faster settling floe. A small amountof polymer flocculent effectively produced fast settling, coarse, hydrous iron oxide floes.Multi-media filtration, a final polishing step, is recommended to remove residual suspendedsolids, and achieve the system's best performance. This level of filtration is not achievableat full scale with a continuous backwash filter. A second fine filter would be required.
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Table 2-1Electrochemical Reduction Results Summary
Ace Sen ices SiteTreatability Study Report
Sample No.
ACE-0(Untreated)
ACE-1
ACE-2
ACE-3
ACE-4
ACE-5
ACE-6
ACE-7
ACE-8
IronAddition
(ppm)
-
25
25
25
50
50
50
25
50
PolymerConcentration
(ppm)
--
0
0
5
0
0
f,
5
5
SampleFiltered
-
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
FinalPH
7.31
8.52
8.66
8.48
8.71
8.65
8.98
8.75
8.68
HexavalentChromium
(^&-L)
2,210
19
<10
<IO
24
<IO
<IO
<10
<10
TotalChromium
(Mg/L)
2.210
295
88
<28
192
125
<28
<28
<28
Iron(ng/L)
480
4.950
110
33
6.700
290
13
<I3
29
IDS(ppm)
--
590
608
608
620
890
645
573
633
IDS = total dissolved solids
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46118 127-02
2.2 In-Situ Bioremediation ProcessesIn-situ bioremediation for metals contaminated groundwater typically involves the
process of artificially enhancing and inducing microbial reduction of dissolved metals ingroundwater. The representative process used for th is evaluation consists of injecting acarbohydrate source or other substance into an aquifer to enhance microbial activity andhence cause chemical reduction of dissolved metals, such as hexavalent chromium, to lesssoluble states, such as the less toxic and relatively immobile trivalent chromium.
The Record of Decision (ROD) currently signed for the Ace Sen-ices site includesevaluation of the in-si tu bioremediation technology for use at the site. A field scaletreatability study was to be conducted at the conclusion of the preliminary remedial designactivities (BVSPC 1999). The preliminary remedial design sampling efforts provided newinformation concerning the concentration and extent of total chromium in groundwater at thesite. It has been determined that the total chromium plume that is above the remedial actiongoal or maximum contaminant level (MCL) is nearly three times larger horizontally thanin i t ia l ly estimated and is present at significant concentrations in all zones of the aquifer.
A goal of the preliminary remedial design sampling efforts was to complete step one ofthe in-situ bioremediation treatability study as described in the treatability study work plan(BVSPC 1999). The first step of the in-situ bioremediation treatability study was to evaluatedata from the preliminary remedial design sampling efforts and determine if site conditionsvaried from ini t ia l ly assumed conditions. Data from the sampling efforts found siteconditions different than those assumed, requiring performance of the treatability study bere-evaluated.
Based on this new information, further evaluation of the in-situ bioremediation wasperformed. Following this evaluation, it is proposed that in-situ bioremediation treatmentbe dropped from consideration because of implementability, beneficial use concerns, andcost. Further details to justify this conclusion are presented below. Regardless of the resultsof the treatabiliw study, in-situ bioremediation treatment would not be recommended for thereasons discussed above, therefore, performance of the in-situ bioremediation study wouldnot be necessary. Thus, it is also proposed that the in-situ bioremediation treatability studyalso be dropped from consideration.
Use of in-situ bioremediation is not technically implementable at the Ace Services sitebecause of the site hydrogeology and plume size. Successful demonstration of the in-situbioremediation injection technology has typically been at localized and relatively thincontaminant plumes (I'SEPA 1998). The water table at the Ace Services site ranges from
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100 to 120 feet below grade, the contaminated thickness of the aquifer is over 130 feet, andthe areal extent of the plume is approximately 5,200 feet long and 1,400 feet wide.Typically, the application of in-situ bioremediation can be implemented by severalapproaches. Approaches considered include equal grid spacing, permeable reductive barrier,and push-pull (i.e.. injection/pumping) application. The equal grid spacing approachtypically includes installing enough injection points to effectively cover the entire plume orins ta l l ing enough injection points in only the more concentrated portions of the plume.Effectively covering the entire plume at the Ace Services site would require over 700injection points (assuming 7.28 million square feet of plume area and one injection point hasa 100 foot diameter of influence without overlap). Similarly, it would require 28 injectionpoints to effectively create a permeable reductive barrier wall. The permeable barrierapproach also fails on the active remediation requirement criteria. Use of a push/pull(injectionextraction) would also require numerous injection points. Subcontractorsspecializing in implementation of in-situ bioremediation were contacted concerning the site.These subcontractors indicated that due to the large size, depth, and thickness of the plumethat application of the treatment technology would be extremely difficult (Warren 2000 andSandifur2000).
Groundwater treated by the in-situ bioremediation method would remain in an anaerobicstate and would affect beneficial use of the groundwater. The anaerobic condition wouldcreate undesirable by-products such as hydrogen sulfide and methane for an unknown periodof time. Groundwater in this geochemical state would not be potable during either theremedial action or for a time after completion of the remedial action. This anaerobic statewould also affect other proposed long-term treatment options (i.e., ion exchange).
For example, geochemical changes in the groundwater could affect performance of theion exchange resin. Ion exchange systems are sensitive to groundwater chemistry changes.Groundwater in an anaerobic geochemical state would not likely be treatable by a single-phase anion exchange treatment method and would require an additional cation exchangeresin and other treatment components. Based on current information presented in Section2.3, single-phase anion exchange treatment could be used.
The cost of implementing in-situ bioremediation is also prohibitive. A pilot scale studyperformed a the 100D Area, Handford Site, Washington, included injection of sodiumdithionite into the aquifer in a permeable barrier configuration to enhance in-situ reductionprocesses. The aquifer was 85 feet below grade, 15 feet thick, and 150 feet wide. The sizeof the permeable barrier wall constructed for the field study for the Hanford site isconsiderably smaller than a permeable barrier wall that would be required for the Ace
Trcalabil i l> Studs Report 46118 127-02Ace SerMcc1! Site »--O
Services site. Installation cost for this smaller in-situ bioremediation permeable barrier wasS480.000 (RTDF 2000). Thus application or construction of a large permeable barrier wouldbe cost prohibitive in comparison to other alternatives.
As discussed, it is proposed that in-situ bioremediation treatment be dropped fromconsideration because of implementability. beneficial use concerns, and costs. It is alsoproposed that the in-situ bioremediation treatability study be dropped from consideration.Regardless of the results of the treatability study, in-situ bioremediation treatment would notbe recommended for the reasons discussed above, therefore, performance of the in-situbioremediation study would not be necessary.
2.3 Ion Exchange ProcessesIon exchange processes involve pumping extracted groundwater through ion exchange
resins. Ions are removed from the groundwater as the ions are adsorbed to the resin. For thistreatability study anion exchange resins were evaluated because hexavalent chromium existsin the groundwater as an anionic chromate (chromic acid).
The ion exchange treatability study procedures, results, and conclusions are summarizedbelow. The complete detailed report for the ion exchange treatability study is provided inAppendix B.
2.3.1 Procedure SummaryA composite groundwater sample was collected in September 2000 by combining
groundwater from wells M W-1 -I. MW-2-I, MW-2-D, MW-5-I, MW-7-I. M W-11 -S. M W-11 -I. MW-12-S, MW-12-I. EX-2-1, EX-2-D, and PWS-8. The sample was sent to the ionexchange treatability study subcontractor, SAMCO Technologies, Inc., North Tonawanda,New York. The composite sample was tested for a suite of analytical parameters prior toshipment and post-shipment to evaluate any potential degradation of the composite sample.Results of the analyses are presented in Table 2-2 and indicate no significant degradationaffects during shipment.
SAMCO Technologies, Inc., evaluated the potential effectiveness of various types ofresins for meeting effluent criteria. Five resins designed to remove anions includinghexavalent chromium were selected for the study. Three strong based anion (SBA) exchangeresins were tested during the bench-scale testing along with two weak based anion (WBA)exchange resins. Testing was performed on all five resins to determine the maximum levelof treatment achievable and the capacity of each resin.
Ircatabi l iU Stud> Rcpon 461 18 127-02Ace Services Sue ».-/
Table 2-2Characterization Summary
Ion Exchange Water SampleAce Services Site
Treatability Study Report
PARAMETER(mg/L)
ALKALINITY
AMMONIA
BICARBONATE
CARBONATE
TOTAL CARBON
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
SILICA
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
TOTAL SULFIOE
INORGANIC CHLORIDE
FLUORIDE
NITRATE
NITRITE
ORTHO PHOSPHORUS
SLH.FATE
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
TOTAL CHROMIUM
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
COMPOSITE SAMPLE'
P't-l»Mpm«nt(9-22-00)
2S«
N0(<0 ')
256
ND(<10|
8 5
ND(<1)
290
510
N0<«4|
NO (<1)
448
20
7 3
NO(«01)
NO l«0 1)
486
SD(<0033)
0123
760
0632
0530
NO(<0 18)
285
0005
754
31 1
1 24
Poil-$»M(xn«nl110-10-00)
251
N0i<0 1)
25'
N0l<000)
500
NO (<0 0061
558
4«7
' 58
ND(«1)
550
1 4
21 0
0012
NO CO 02)
47 4
N0(<02)
0120
868
0500
0300
0 10
327
0020
830
344
1 15
mg/V « m-lligrami p«f liter
• W»MiMW l I MW 2 . MW 2 D MW-5-i MW-7- i MW-H-S
MW -2 S MW-121 EX-2-1 EX 20 »na PWS-8
Treatabil i t> Stud> ReportAce Services Sue 2-8 461 18 127-02
For the bench-scale testing, five 10-mL burets were filled with 10 ml. of resin each andwere used as resin columns. The composite water sample from the site was then pumpedthrough the burets. Later, the 10 mL burets were replaced with 25 mL burets. The How rateutilized during testing for all five resins was approximate!) 5.3 mL min. which is equivalentto a service flow rate of 4 gpm ft ' . Results of the effluent testing are discussed in Section2.3.2.
2.3.2 Results and ConclusionsResults for the tests are presented in Table 2-3. Results of the testing indicate the
chromium holding capacities for the various resins based on testing with representativeinfluent samples. The resin with the highest holding capacity is typically the most feasiblefor treatment applications. As seen from the results in Table 2-3. the most feasible resin fortreatment out of those tested was determined to be ResinTech. Inc.. resin no. SBG2. ResinSBG2 was demonstrated to have the highest capacity among the resins tested, capable ofholding between 57 to 68 grams of chromium per cubic foot (g'ft1) of resin when used totreat site specific influent.
Additional follow-up testing was also performed to further evaluate ion exchange resins.Resin SBG2 was tested to determine if filtering and or acidifying the influent would increasethe resin's holding capacity. Results from the additional testing found no increase inadsorption capacity of resin no. SBG2 by filtering and or acidifying the influent. A sixthresin (resin no. SIR-700) was evaluated using acidified site specific influent. However, thesample water became organically fouled before the test was completed. Testing of the resinwas terminated because manufacturer's specifications for the resin did not indicate the resinto be a more cost effective resin when compared to resin SBG2. A discussion of theprocedures and results from the additional follow-up testing are included in Appendix B.
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Table 2-3Ion Exchange Results Summary
Ace Services SiteTreatabilty Study Report
Resin
Resin Type
Weak Based Anion
Strong Based Anion
Resin ID
WBMP-C1*
A-103**
SBG1*
SBG2*
A-400**
Holding Capacity forChromium (g/fV)
<17.0
<17.0
22.7-34.1
56.8-68.1
34.1 -45.4
g ft' = grams per cubic feet* Manufactured by ResinTech. Inc.
** Manufactured bv Purolite, Inc.
TreaiahililN S(ud> RcponAce Services Site 2-10
4 6 1 1 8 127-02
3.0 Recommendations
Three treatability studies or evaluations were performed during groundwater remediationdesign activities for the Ace Services site, Colby. Kansas. The primary objective of thetreatability studies was to evaluate the performance of the various treatment processes.Selection of the recommended treatment method was based on performance of the treatmenttechnology including consideration of the anticipated chemistry of the influent and end useof the effluent.
Remedial design sampling activities concluded that the current size of the hexavalentchromium plume is relatively large. Groundwater modeling efforts estimated that effectivecapture of the plume could be attained by pumping from six extraction well nests consistingof a total of twelve extraction wells. The influent pumping rate is estimated to initially beapproximately 690 gallons per minute at an initial concentration of approximately 650 ug'Lhexavalent chromium.
Results of the electrochemical process treatability study indicate that removal ofchromium to effluent discharge requirements can be achieved by electrochemical processes.However, electrochemical processes are inefficient at influent concentrations less than 1.000ug L and are design dependent on influent rate. Also, effluent from electrochemicalprocesses may not be appropriate as potable water. Elevated total dissolved solids and ironconcentrations can be expected in electrochemical treatment effluent. Therefore, use of anelectrochemical treatment process as the treatment technology for the groundwater treatmentsystem was dropped from consideration.
In-situ bioremediation was evaluated for application as a remedial option at the site. Itis proposed that in-situ bioremediation treatment be dropped from consideration because ofimplementability, cost, and beneficial use concerns. As discussed in Section 2.2, use of in-situ bioremediation at the Ace Services site, is not technically implementable because thewater table is over 100 feet below grade, the contaminated thickness of the aquifer is over130 feet thick, and the areal extent of the plume is relatively large (5,200 feet by 1,400 feet).In-situ groundwater treated by the in-situ bioremediation method could remain in ananaerobic state and would release hydrogen sulfide and methane for an unknown period oftime. Groundwater in this geochemical state would not be potable during either the remedialaction or for a time after completion of the remedial action. Cost requirements to overcomethe technical challenges would be excessive compared to other treatment methods (i.e., ionexchange). Also, groundwater in an anaerobic condition would not be treatable by other
Trcalahiln> Slud\ Report 46118 127-02Ace Services Sue 3-1
treatment methods, (i.e.. single-phase ion exchange). Single-phase ion exchange treatmentis the currently proposed treatment method. Treatment of the anaerobic groundwater forchromium would require a more complex treatment system.
Results of the ion exchange processes treatability study indicate that removal ofhexavalent chromium to effluent discharge requirements can be achieved in the mosteffective and cost efficient manner by ion exchange processes. Ion exchange processes areappropriate for treating large influent rates at relatively low concentrations of contaminants.Ion exchange is also a common treatment process for treating raw water at drinking watertreatment plants. Single-phase ion exchange treatment using ResinTech, Inc. resin No. SBG2is recommended as the optimal treatment process and resin for treating extractedgroundwater at the Ace Services site. The resin was found to have the highest chromiumholding capacity of the resins tested. Also, resin SBG2 complies with Food and DrugAdministration (FI)A) regulations for potable water applications.
Trcatabihl) Slud> Report 46118127-02Ace Services Site 3-2
4.0 Bibliography
BVSPC 1999. Remedial Design Treatabilily Study Work Plan, Ace Services Site, preparedfor USIiPA Region VII, September 30, 1999.
BVSPC 2000, Addendum No. I Ion Exchange Remedial Design Treatahility Study WorkPlan. Ace Services Site, prepared for USEPA Region VII . August 22, 2000.
RTDF 2000, Remedial Technologies Development Form Web Site. Permeable ReactiveBarriers: Technical Documents: 100D Area Handford Site, Washington.
Sandifur. Craig 2000, Regenesis, Inc., San Clemente. California, in personal communicationto Gary Felkner. BVSPC. October 4, 2000.
Warner, Scott 2000, Geomatrix Consultants. Inc.. Oakland, California, in personalcommunication to Gary Felkner, BVSPC, September 22. 2000.
USFPA 1998, Microbial Precipitation of Dissolved Metals Using Molasses, (jround WaterCurrents, No. 30, December 1998.
1 Testability Slud> Report 46118 127-02Ace Services Site 4- 1
Appendix AElectrochemical Treatability Study Report
DEC-07-99 1 0 : 1 2 «rtt
O F 1 3 607565330S P . 02
November 2
Andco Environmental Pnxeues, Inc.595 Commerce urive,Buffalo. New York 14228-2380Tel: (716) 691-2100 • Fas (716) 691-2880
. 1999
iltege Park BoulevardPaf. Kansas 662II
Gary L. Felkner
TreaUbility Stady Report oa CkroaM Removal fromGroaadwaUr at the AM Strvfesa Stte (Coiby, Kauas)AadcofffSMSlftJ
Dear jary:
OnOtober 14, 1999, fifteen (IS) Mitef sample* of chrome contaminated groundwater were received at ourAmta rst. New York facility. All fifteen samptea wot composited in a clean, presterilized container,bnmc iiately following, the composted sample was refrigerated. Due to problems with our electrochemicalcell lower supply, the treatabJIity study was not performed until November IS. 1999. The newelecti whemical cell power supply was properly calibrated and tested prior to bench scale testing.
Befoi s proceeding, an idcndfication number was assigned for the sample and some initial parameters weremean red. Below, I have lilted this preliminary data, along with a description of the (composited)grourt {water sample.
PH ObservattonsAC£-0
UntreatedWOjiS damr,M>scttleable
Know ing conditions prior to treatment is essential when considering electrical requirements and the order ofunit operations such as pH adjustment Conductivity data is used when choosing power supplies and
also fi r calculating operating costs related to iron generation.
Engineered Environmental Sohtfon* from Concept to Completion
OFi3 6075653303 P. 03
Befbiestudy
f
Black ft VestehNovember 29,1999
[ any treatability tests, objectives of the project were established. From the objectives, the1 to accurately and efficiently determine the best method for removing hexavaleni/UXal
[from your clients groundwatcr. For thU project, the following goals were identified.
1.2.3.4.
5.6.
The effluent hexavalem chrome concentration will be less than 12 pf/LThe effluent for total chrome to be UN than 100 g/LMake Ipk or no contribution to TDS.Evaluate linglt stige iron coprecipttation (proprietary) electrochemical process as a meansto remove chrome efficiently.Minimize chemical and power consumption.Perform a confirmation test to prove that the proposed system will consistently reducechrome.
the actual ireambilHy study was done, the untreated chrome contaminated groundwater sample wuanalysis. Below are the results from the tab. From this data, it can be concluded that all of the
that is present is hexavalent chrome (Cr**).
H(Ui
mptaf
CE-Otreated)
Cr"
2^10
Total Cr(MfL)
2410
total Fe(|if/L)
410
i HardBcea(pp»a*C*COi)
220
Conductivity
TOO
. I O ,1 *.* . . f
DEC-0T-99 1 0 : 1 3 f>n M C N « M « R « . S OF 1 3 6075653383
BlackAVeatchNovember 29,1999
Pagt3
fcoprec
Proprietor EWctrocW, •teal
Iron ^precipitation can be demonstrated in the laboratory using an electrochemical cell to generate freeferrois Ions. Iron introduced without corresponding sulfo (as ferrous suHtte) or chloride (ferric chloride)ions u more efficient and cost effective at removing heavy metals from aqueous streams. By eliminatingcornplexing anions, tower heavy metal residuals an obtained and lass sludge is formed than when ferrous orferria salts are used
Thepowcplate
toctrochemical cell contains steel plates separated by a small gap through which water flows. A DCsupply U connected between the cell's two end electrodes. When a potential is applied across the
the following reaction takes place:Anode (oxidation):
Cathode (reduction):
During i__, j.JI —
the reaction, the ferrous ions (Fe*J) which dissolve from the anode combine with the hydroxide ionsprodi Bed at the cathode to give an iron hydroxide precipitate. The active surface of ferrous hydroxide canadsoc i a number of heavy metals from the wastewater passing through die cell. After pH adjustment toiron*! point of minimum solubility (pH - 1.5-9.0) a small amount of polymer is added to aid coagulationand i tiling.
The r tethod of electrochemical iron addition has several advantages over using iron salts such as ferroussulfat i or ferric chloride. Some of these advantage* art as follows:
-Since no counter (competing) anions are introduced, the electrochemical technology ismore efficient at adsorbing negatively charged contaminants. These counter anions foundin the iron sahs era SCX* (ferrous suHata) and CC (ferric chloride).
-Electrochcmicalry generated ferrous tarts are more active and better adsorbents. Thisresults in lower sludge production than if iron sahs were used. In other words, it generallytakes a higher concentration of iron atf ferrous sulfata to achieve the same results as theelectrochemical iron treatment ~
-Iron salts will significantly increase the Total Disserved Solids (IDS) concentration in1 your effluent. Sulfate and chloride an responsible for both die TDS increase and
reduced efficiency.
-Contaminants present in industrial grade salts end up in either the effluent or sludge cake.
ia : iA «n ricN«n«R«.s OFIS 6075653503 P. 03
Black AVeetchNovember 29.1999
Pt|t4
i-Iron salts cause pH to dpp and necessitate larfe imounU of base (caustic or lime) toachieve the proper final f H. Since Andco's proceu simultaneously generatecstrolchkxnetric amounts pf iron and hydroxyl ions, chemical consumption costs arereduced Operating costs for chemical system* are always higher than for Andco'selectrochemical process.;
-Andco's electrochemical iron dosage is easier to control (just turn a dial) whilechemical treatment systems are difficult to operate when flow rates and contaminantloads fluctuate.
-Iron salts are classified as hazardous chemicals and can be dangerous to handle whileelectrochemically generated iron utilizes steel plates which present no known heehhhazard.
is preferred mainly because hydroxyl ions are generated along with the iron ions. Very littlet results. Thus, the need for pH adjustment chemicals are minimized.
cgcnjleal TrMtmeat for H cuvileat Chi
HexaValent chromium treatment usually relies on chemical reduction to convert highly toxic and soluble: chromium to die less toxic and virtually insoluble trivaknt form. The most efficient and cost
i oiethod of chromium ivductta is u use iimiofUM Reaction stoichiometry isI over the broad pH range of 2-10, Most chromium contaminated water is widiin that pH range.
I to other chromium reduction technologies, iron based chromium treatment requires no initial pHi step. Many methods of chromium reduction are available, but the preferred one is to use
elactrJKhemically generated Fe*2 ion to convert Cr* to Cr*J while being oxidized to Fe*1. Due to theoxidapon-reductkM) potential relationship between ferrous iron and hexavalent chromium, near
oxidation of iron and reduction of chromium occur as ferrous ions enter sohnion in theI cell. The overall reaction is as follows;
CrfV 4HaO Cr*J lOrf
r«
ufc .c-M7-9S» i e : i «* ftn O F 1 3 6075653303 P. 06
Black ft VeitchNovember 29,1999
PageS
On November 18*. 1999, the composited groundwater sample (0ACE-0) was removed from the refrigeratorand brought to room temperature. The untreated sample was subjected to several standard electrochemicaltreanjient tests. After placing a known amount of the contaminated water in a suitable beaker, electrodeswerewdded and a specific amount of ferrous iron was generated in this mint-cell. Faraday's Law was usedto determine the generation time for the specific sixsd sample at a controlled amperage. Since a very smallamount of gas was formed during operation of the cell, a five minute degassing period was allowed. Forproper clarification, ft is important that all gas bubbles be dissipated.
The leaning pH was 731 and consumption of hydroxyl ions through precipitation of chromium hydroxideand h pirous iron did not necessitate a prs-electrochemical pH adjustment
After electrochemical iron addition, the pH needed to be adjusted. When pH adjustment was implemented.sodium hydroxide was introduced to achieve die desired pH for clarification and precipitation. This finalpH wju based on iron's point of minimum solubility in relation to the treatment objective* of this study.
In sofae cases, once pH stabilization was confirmed, ari>anionic polymer (Andco 3640) was added to assistfloe brmation and clarification. By adding only a small amount (S ppm by weight), an excellent, coarse,fast settling, hydrous iron oxide floe was achieved.' After settling, samples*ACE-3 and ACE-6 (anddupliates) were fihered through Whsttnan 040 (I micnSn) filter paper. Through past experience, we havefour* mis paper accurately simulates Andco's multi-media filtration.
All19*.
a rnple* listed in the report were sent to Stone Testing Lab*, Inc. (Buffalo, New York) on November999. All chromium, iron, and IDS analyses watt done according 10 procedures set forth in Mfihfidl
AneJv«es of WitPJ «rf WtMl EPA-600/4-79-020, March 1983. Results were receivedon N<vember 24*. 1999.Real fe '
Sample* E/CFer cone.! (ppm)
PolymerCone.(ppm)
Sample FkaalpH Cr" Total Fc TDSinhered * (iq I/L) Chrome (jig
(uft/L)/I) (ppm)
AGB4 731
252525SOSOso2f50
005005*5
NoYesYesNoYesYesYMYes
1,66
8.711.65
19
24
2,210
29588
<2f192I2S
8.61
480
4.95011033
6.70029013
29
590608608620890645S73633
?—.J—————————4-1 O.l._»l——•-
DCC-07-99 10:15 «n MCN«M«R«.S OFIS 6075653303 P . 07
Black ft VeatehNovember 29,1999
Page 6
Note*:-ACE-7 is a duplicate sample of ACE-3. ACM is a dupKcate of ACE-6.
-The samples mat did not have filtration or polymer addition(ACE-1 and ACE-4) were allowed to settle for 15 minutes. Theabove results represent the decanted water. Considering theabsence of polymer, the solids settled extremely slow, resulting ina high solids concentration in the decant. It is interesting to notethat even with high chrome residuals, the majority of thehexavaknt chrome was converted to bivalent in both i
-The samples with filtration and no polymer addition (ACE-2 and ACM) also settled extremely1 slow. Due to the "pin" size of the floe of both .samples, the filter paper became plugged causing1 filtration to last significantly longer as compared to the samples with polymer.
Once again, the data found in the above table shows that all of the chromium present is hexavaknt. Thedata i bo supports that the Andco process can reduce (he chromium level from approximately 2 ppm for thecomp wited sample to below the 12 ppb Cr* and 10Q ppb total chrome required effluent limits. Theoptiir urn electrochemical iron treatment level is 25 ppm wid» die use of polymer to aid in floe formation endmulrt media filtration. The addition of dw higher iron concentration (50 ppm) did not effect the results,howe rtr, h did further enhance solids formation fcr a faster settling floe.
In iu nmary. rite simple electrochemical process uses" Iron generation for chromium reduction and as aof highly adsorbent hydrous iron oxide. Following chromium reduction, pH adjustment was used to
precipitation of iron and chromium and promote formation of a chromium containing hydrousixide complex precipitate. Adsorption and coprecipitation enable the prouueed system to reduce
maxii lue
chrof him tntions below analytical detection limits, A small amount of porvmer flocculentiffeci very produced fast settling, coarse, hydrous iron oxide floes. Multi-media filtration, a final polishingstep, i recommended to remove residual suspended solids, and achieve die system's best performance.
Than! you for giving Andco the opportunity to work oh mis project. I am confident diet die proposedtyster i will meet your removal objectives and be both easy and economical to operate. If I can be of anyadditi mal assistance, pleeeo call me at (716) 691-2100.
. S OF 13
»
6075653303 P . 08
Black &VMtchNovember 29,1999
Page?
ANDCO ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES, INC
Project Manageri
BJS/di
1
-w r - 1 * * i k) : i 6 on ncNariARtt.s OF i 328 '99 0<
6875653303 P. 89
P. 5
BLACK & VEATCH6601 College Boulevard Black & Vaatch Special Project* Corp.Overland Park. Kansas 66?11 USA
Tel (913)4582900
USEPA BVSPC Project 46118.127Ace Services Site BVSPC File*^r4-
December 13, 1999
Mr. Brian SeifertAndco Environmental Processes415 Commerce DriveAmherst, New York 14228
Subject: Ace Services SiteTreatability StudyAndco I99BS101
Dear Mr. Seifert:
Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp. (BVSPC), received the draft reportdated November 29, 1999 for the above referenced treatability study. Wehave reviewed the draft report and have provided comments below. Pleaserevise the report to include the requested information.
1) Discuss how the delay in time from when the unpreserved sampleswere received versus when the treatability study was performed hasaffected the treatability study results.
2) Please describe the approximate quantity and concentration ofsodium hydroxide that was added after the iron addition to adjustthe pH to 8.5.
3) Please provide an estimate of sludge production as requested inthe treatability study scope of work. The estimate should includethe following: the solids yield (difference in the weight offilter paper prior to and after filtration) for different tests,and an evaluation/discussion of additional sludge generation byiron addition alone versus iron and polymer addition.
tk« imagine-build company-
Page 2
Mr. Brian Seifert BVSPC Project 46118.127December 13, 1999
4) Please discuss if the sodium hydroxide and the anionic polymer(Andco 3640), which was used as a flocculent, are suitable for usein potable water supplies.
Please provide a final report addressing our comments by January 7,2000. Please call me at (913)458-6583 if you have any questions.
Gary L. FelknerSite Manager
GLF
cc: Marshall Claxton, BVSPCMike Boehler, BVSPCFile
10.1-1 ouai
ft ll#Awioo E«virwmt«*al ProctMM fee
A«bo«, NY 14111
To: Gary Fdkno, Black and Vealch F«c C913)45«-9391
From: Brian I. Seifiot 12/13/99
Ropooiclo QnectiODfianDecaiiberPaOM: 213,1999 Fax (Aodoo«99BSl01)
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Appendix BIon Exchange Treatability Study Report
TREATABILITY STUDY - BENCH-SCALE
FINAL REPORT
REMEDIAL DESIGN
ACE SERVICES SITECOLBY, KANSAS
November 17, 2000
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp. SAMCO Technologies, Inc.Overland Park, K.S 415 Bryant St.Project No.: 46118 P.O. Box 236
North Tonawanda, NY 14120Telephone: (716) 743-9000Contact: Jack Wilcox
CONTENTS
U) FNTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................!
2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH................................................................................................................2
3.0 BENCH-SCALE TESTING RESULTS .............................................................................................4
3.1 INITIAL TESTING- 10 ML BURETS .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4311 Equipment 4312 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1 3 Results . . . . . . . . . .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 ADDITIONAL TESTING - 25 ML BURETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7321 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2 2 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2 3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3 DiscrssioN .......................................................................................................................................94.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................ 11
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - MANUFACTURER'S DATA SHEETS FOR SELECTED RESINS
APPENDIX B - ANALYTICAL RESULTS: 10 ML BURETS
APPENDIX C- ANALYTICAL RESULTS: 25 ML BURETS
1.0 Introduction
Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp. (BVSPC) is performing remedial services at theAce Services Site in Colby, KS for the U.S. EPA - Region VII. These services includethe construction of a groundwater treatment facility. The facility is to remove hexavalentchromium to less than 17 micrograms per liter, and total chromium to less than 100micrograms per liter. The influent concentration is expected to range from 200 to 1000micrograms per liter hexavalent chromium, at a flow rate of 800-900 gallons per minute.
The treatability study is to include two phases, with Phase I consisting of bench-scalestudies and Phase 2 consisting of pilot-scale studies. Phase 2 may or may not beperformed based upon the results of Phase I. This document contains the results of PhaseI of the treatability study as performed by SAMCO Technologies, Inc.
2.0 Technical Approach
SAMCO Technologies. Inc. evaluated which types of resin may be suitable to meet thespecified effluent criteria. The evaluation indicated that it was likely strong base anion(SBA) exchange resins would be the only resin that could be utilized alone to meet theeffluent criteria.
Since SB A resin is the only resin type capable of meeting the effluent requirements forhexavalent chromium, it will need to be part of the treatment system. Residualhexavalent chromium left behind after regeneration will most likely prevent SBA resinfrom meeting the effluent criteria if used on a regenerable basis. However, it may beadvantageous to use a weak base anion (WBA) resin, on a regenerable basis, prior to theSBA resin as a roughing ion exchanger to reduce the frequency of SBA change-outs. If aWBA resin is used, this may necessitate the use of a strong acid cation (SAC) resin toremove hardness and iron, and prevent fouling of the WBA resin. Also, due to totalchromium requirements, an SAC resin may be required to remove trivalent chromium.
In accordance with the evaluation described above, the treatability study was focused onfinding the best resins to use assuming that one of the following three systems is utilized:
• A single-bed DI system using an SBA exchange resin on a "throw away"basis.
• A two-bed DI system consisting of a regenerable SAC resin followed by anSBA resin used on a "throw-away" basis. The SAC resin would be utilized, ifnecessary, to remove trivalent chromium.
• A three-bed DI system using a regenerable WBA exchange resin to removethe majority of the hexavalent chromium, followed by an SBA exchange resinagain used on a "throw away" basis. The two anion exchange resins would bepreceded by an SAC resin used to pretreat the waste stream and to removetrivalent chromium.
The goals of the bench-scale treatability study were as follows:
1) Determining the most feasible SBA resin for this application (from a treatmentperspective).
2) Determining whether or not the use of a WBA resin prior to SBA resin wouldbe beneficial, and, if so, determining the most feasible WBA resin for thisapplication.
3) Determining whether or not an SAC resin is necessary. An SAC resin wouldbe necessary for pretreatment if a WBA resin is used, or for trivalentchromium removal if SBA resins are not capable of bringing the totalchromium level below effluent requirements.
Three SBA exchange resins were tested during bench-scale testing along with two WBAexchange resins. Testing was performed on all five resins to determine the maximumlevel of treatment achievable and the capacity of each resin. SAC resins were not testeddue to the fact that it was not known whether or not they would be a necessary part of thetreatment system. If bench-scale testing were to indicate that SAC resin is indeednecessary, further bench-scale and/or pilot scale testing could be performed which wouldinclude SAC resin testing.
Based upon the results of bench-scale testing, contained in Section 3.0, SAMCOTechnologies has made conclusions and recommendations regarding the pilot and full-scale treatment processes. These conclusions and recommendations are contained inSection 4.0.
3.0 Bench-Scale Testing Results
Bench-scale testing has been performed to identify resins for use in the pilot study and/orfull-scale system. Five resins, three SBA resins and two WBA resins, were tested duringbench-scale testing in accordance with the procedures given in Sections 3.1.2 and 3.2.2.
In bench-scale testing, five 10-mL burets filled with 10 mL of resin each were initiallyused as resin columns. The flow rate utilized during testing for all five resins wasapproximately 5.3 mL/min. which is equivalent to a service flow rate of 4 gpm/ft3.Performance calculations, using the anticipated hexavalent chromium concentration ofthe influent groundwater sample, showed the projected capacity of the WBA and SBAresins to be 30,000 gal/ft3 and 20,000 gal/ft3, respectively. According to theseprojections. 40.104 mL of groundwater would exhaust a 10 mL column of WBA resin,and 26,736 mL of groundwater would exhaust a 10 mL column of SBA resin.
During bench-scale testing, a point was reached at which the flow rate through the resincolumns slowed, and the flow rate of 5.3 mL/min could no longer be achieved using the10 mL burets. No definite conclusion could be drawn as to why this occurred, but thesmall diameter of the burets was .believed to be a major contributing factor. At this pointin the testing, the two WBA resins had already been exhausted, and due to the lowcapacity seen from testing, the WBA resin testing was considered concluded. Testing forthe three SBA resins was then restarted using 25-mL burets filled with 10 mL of resineach.
3.1 Initial Testing - 10 mL Burets
3.1.1 EquipmentThe equipment for the initial bench-scale testing consisted of five 10-mL burets. Threeof these burets were filled with 10 mL of SBA resin, and two were filled with 10 mL ofWBA resin. The three SBA resins utilized were SBG-1 and SBG-2, which aremanufactured by ResinTech, and A-400, which is manufactured by Purolite. The twoWBA resins utilized were WBMP-C1, manufactured by ResinTech, and A-103,manufactured by Purolite. The manufacturer's data sheets for these resins are included inAppendix A. The testing equipment also included a reservoir for the influentgroundwater sample, to allow for the sample to be fed by gravity through the resincolumns, and a cartridge filter prior to the resin columns to protect the resin beds fromsuspended solids.
3.1.2 ProcedureGroundwater samples for testing were received by SAMCO Technologies in ten 15-galcontainers. A composite of these samples was performed in the supply reservoir prior toany testing. An influent groundwater sample was sent to a laboratory for analysis for theconstituents listed in Table I.
Table 1 - List of Analytes
List of analytes for initial influent testing:hexavalent chromium, total chromium, calcium, magnesium, sodium.potassium, barium, iron, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, ammonium.
| strontium, bicarbonate, carbonate, chlorides, sulfate. silica, nitrate, nitrite.• phosphate, sulfide, fluoride, total carbon, organic carbon, alkalinity,' conductivity, turbidity, TDS, and TSS
A duplicate influent sample was tested for total and hexavalent chromium.
For each resin tested, a 500-mL sample was first treated to determine the maximum levelof treatment achievable. The sample volume of 500-mL was chosen because this is theminimum amount necessary to perform analyses for hexavalent and total chromium.
For the purpose of performance projections, the SB A resins were considered exhaustedwhen the effluent hexavalent chromium concentration exceeded 15 micrograms per literor the effluent total chromium concentration exceeded 90 micrograms per liter. In thecase of the WB A resins, performance projections for capacity were performed based uponthe predicted level of treatment achievable.
For each resin, six samples of 25% of the projected exhaustion volume were to beconsecutively run through the resin column at the recommended flow rate. At this point,a volume of 150% of the volume projected as necessary to exhaust the column wouldhave been treated, and the resin column should be exhausted. Consecutive sample runswere performed without waiting for analytical results in an effort to conserve time.However, as mentioned above, prior to the completion of testing the flow rate through theresin columns slowed considerably, and the desired flow rate of 5.3 mL/min was nolonger achievable. At this point, testing using the 10-mL burets was terminated. Sinceanalytical results showed that the WBA resins were exhausted, testing for these resinswas considered complete, but testing for the SBA resins was restarted using 25-mLburets. Analytical results for the testing performed using the 10-mL burets are containedin Section 3.1.3.
PretreatmentThe groundwater samples were pretreated using a cartridge filter to protect the resin bedsin case any suspended solids were present.
Treatment and SamplingThe following procedure was followed for raw water analytical testing:
1) A 5000-mL sample and a 500-mL influent sample were taken and sent foranalysis. The 5000-mL sample was tested for the complete analyte list givenat the beginning of this section (Section 3.1.2). The 500-mL sample wastested for total and hexavalent chromium.
2) The pH and temperature of the samples (before preservative addition) wererecorded.
For each of the five resins tested, the following procedure was followed:
1) A 10-mL buret was filled with 10 mL of resin.2) The flow rate through the buret was adjusted to 5.3 mL/min (+/- 0.5).3) During the flow rate adjustment, at least two bed volumes of water were
passed through the resin column.4) A 500-mL effluent sample was taken from the resin column.5) The pH and temperature of the effluent sample were recorded, and the sample
was sent to be analyzed for hexavalent and total chromium.6) Steps 4 through 7 were to be repeated six additional times after allowing a
volume of approx. 25% of the volume projected exhausting volume to passthrough the column each time. Due to the decreased flow rate seen from thecolumns, the testing was terminated prematurely after obtaining the resultsshown in Table 2.
7) Based upon the analytical results, the approximate capacity of each resin wascalculated.
3.1.3 ResultsResults of the initial bench-scale testing, performed using 10-mL burets, are contained inAppendix B, and summarized in Table 2. These results are discussed in Section 3.3along with the results obtained from additional testing performed using 25-mL burets.
Table 2 - Results of Initial Testing
RESIN
...
WBMP(WBA)""
A-103(WBA)"
"
SBG-KSBA)"
"
SBG-2(SBA)••
"A-400(SBA)
-
Sampl* *
Influent 1Influent 2"
WBMP 11
TotalChromium
IMS"-)
500590
<5 0WBMP*2I 341WBMP »3
A. 103 f 1A- 103*2A-103»3
SBG-1 *1SBG-1 *2SBG-1 f3SBG-1 *4
SBG-2 *1SBG-2*2SBG-2 §3
A-400 *1A-400 »2A- 400 *3A-400 f 4
630
<5 0552580
< 5 0<5 0<5 0<5 0
<5 0<5 0<50
<50<50< 5 0<50
HexavalentChromium
(»9'L)
300<25 0
<25 0261549
<25 0537550
<25 0<25 0<25 0<25 0
<25 0<25 0 i<25 0 i
<25 0<25 0<25 0<25 0 '
pH
7 47 4
3 67 37 7
8 07.97 7
7 17 87 87 7
7 17 97 8
6 28 07 77 5
Tempt°C)
1 1i 1 1
1 11312
1 113
• 12
11131312
1 1
! 1*1 12
11i 13, 12
12
VolumeTreated*
(mL)
00
010,02*20 052
010.02620 052
0668413.36820 052
06.68413.368
06.68413 36820.052
• volume treated represents the total volume passed through the column prior tocatching the sample, all sample volumes are given »/• 200 ml** Influent 2 is a duplicate of Influent 1
3.2 Additional Testing - 25 mL Burets
3.2.1 EquipmentThe equipment for bench-scale testing consisted of three 25-mL burets, each filled with aresin to be tested. Only the three SBA resins were used for the additional testing. Thetesting equipment also included a reservoir for the influent groundwater sample to allowfor the sample to be fed by gravity through the resin columns, and a cartridge filter priorto the resin columns to protect the resin beds from suspended solids.
3.2.2 ProcedureThe procedure utilized for additional testing is virtually identical to the procedure usedfor the initial testing, with the exception that 25-mL burets were used as sample columnsas opposed to 10-mL burets. Also, since the capacity of the WBA resins was alreadydetermined from the initial testing, only the three SBA resins were used for additionaltesting.
After performing the additional testing, an additional influent sample was taken due tothe discrepancy between the analytical results for the two initial influent samples.Analytical results for the testing performed using the 25-mL burets are contained inSection 3.2.3.
PretreatmentThe groundwater samples were pretreated using a cartridge filter to protect the resin bedsin case any suspended solids were present.
Treatment and SamplingFor each of the three resins tested, the following procedure was followed:
1) A 25-mL buret was filled with 10 mL of resin.2) The flow rate through the buret was adjusted to 5.3 mL/min (+/- 0.5).3) During the flow rate adjustment, at least two bed volumes of water were
passed through the resin column.4) A 500-mL effluent sample was taken from the resin column.5) The pH and temperature of the effluent sample were recorded, and the sample
was sent to be analyzed for hexavalent and total chromium.6) Steps 4 through 7 were repeated six additional times after allowing a volume
of approx. 25% of the volume projected as necessary to exhaust the bed topass through the column each time.
7) Based upon the analytical results, the approximate capacity of each resin wascalculated.
Due to the discrepancy in the analytical results obtained for the two influent samplestaken in the initial testing, a third influent sample was taken and tested according to thefollowing procedure:
1) A 500-mL influent sample was taken.2) The pH and temperature of the influent sample were recorded, and the sample
was sent to be analyzed for hexavalent and total chromium.
3.2.3 ResultsResults of the additional bench-scale testing, performed using 25-mL burets, arecontained in Appendix C, and summarized in Table 3. These results are discussed inSection 3.3 along with the results obtained from the initial testing performed using 10-mLburets.
Table 3 - Results of Additional Testing
RESIN
SBG-I(SBA)•"""--
SBG-2(SBA)•"---•*
A-400<SBA)•"•-•-™
—
Sample §
SBG-1 §25-1SBG-1 f25-2SBG-1 §25-3SBG-1 §25-4SBG-1 §25-5SBG-1 §25-6SBG-1 f25-7
SBG-2 f25-1SBG-2 §25-2SBG-2 t25-3SBG-2 §25-4SBG-2 §25-5SBG-2 §25-6SBG-2 §25-7
A-400t25-1A-400 §25-2A-400 §25-3A -400 §2 5-4A-400 §25-4A-400 §2 5-6A-400 §25-7
A-400 §25-78"
Influent 3
Total HaxavalentChromium Chromium
(nS/L) (ng/L)
<50 <250<50 <250
14 <25035 <2S.O66 6474 70128 122
,
<5.0 | <250<5 0 : <25 0<5 0 <25 0<50 <25010 <25015 <25036 <2S.O
<50 <250<50 <250<50 <250<50 <250120 119149 242303 I 288280 j 284
i690.0 : 698 0
pH
6979797.9797979
6777797979797.9
697980808.0797979
74
Tamp<°C)
14141312131212
14141313131212
1414131213121212
12
VolumaTreated*
<mL)
06.68413.36820.05226.73633.42040.104
06.68413.36820.05226.73633.42040,104
06.68413.36820.05226,73633.42040.10440.104
0
* volume treated represents the total volume passed through the column pnor to catching thesample; all sample volumes are given »/- 200 mL~ sample A-400 §25-7B is a duplicate of sample A-400 §25-7
3.3 DiscussionIn evaluating whether or not a resin column has been exhausted, in order to beconservative and considering that the detection limit of hexavalent chromium (25 ug/L) isabove the effluent requirement (17 ug/L), the SBA resins columns were consideredexhausted when the total chromium concentration exceeded 17 ug/L.
Since the WBA resins would be used to reduce hexavalent chromium loadings seen bythe SBA resins, and thus have no strict effluent requirement, the point at which the WBAresin should be considered exhausted is more subjective. If the use of WBA resin is to beseen as feasible, the resin should be capable of achieving a reasonable level of treatmentfor an extended period of time. As seen from the results in Table 2, the initial samplestaken from the WBA resins met the effluent requirements, but the very next samplesshow large amounts of chromium breakthrough rather than a reasonable level oftreatment. Therefore, the WBA resins were considered exhausted at that point.As seen from the bench-scale testing results shown in Tables 2 and 3, the capacities of theresins tested, expressed as volume of water treatable per volume of resin, are as follows:
WBA Resins (based upon testing using 10-mL burets)WBMP-C1: < 10.026 mL per 10 mL OR <7500 gal/ft'A-103: < 10,026 mL per 10 mL OR <500 gal/ft3
SBA Resins (based upon testing using 25-mL burets)SBG-1: 13.368-20.052 mL per 10 mL OR 10,000 - 15.000 gal/ft'SBG-2: 33.420-40,104 mL per 10 mL OR 25.000 - 30,000 gal/ft'A-400: 20.052 - 26,736 mL per 10 mL OR 15,000 - 20,000 gal/ft'
Assuming that the average influent total chromium concentration was 600 ug/L, basedupon the influent results, this means that the holding capacities of the resins, expressed asmass of chromium per volume of resin, are as follows:
WBA Resins (based upon testing using 10-mL burets)WBMP-C1: <17.0g/ft3
A-103: <17.0g/ft3
SBA Resins (based upon testing using 25-mL burets)SBG-1: 22.7-34.1 g/ft3
SBG-2: 56.8-68.1 g/ft3
A-400: 34.1 -45.4 g/ft-
As seen in Tables 2 and 3, conflicting analytical results were obtained for hexavalentchromium levels in the influent. Samples Influent 1, Influent 2, and Influent 3 areinconsistent. Separate 250-mL sample bottles were used for hexavalent and totalchromium for each sample due to the fact that preservative was necessary for the totalchromium samples but not the hexavalent samples. The hexavalent sample for Influent 2,in order to verify the analytical results for hexavalent chromium, was also analyzed fortotal chromium. Both hexavalent and total chromium analyses showed levels below thedetection limit. This result is unreasonable, and it is therefore concluded that theanalytical result for hexavalent chromium in the Influent 2 sample is not a valid result.
The difference between the hexavalent chromium results for Influent 1 and Influent 3.although less drastic, is also quite significant. In order to determine the respectiveamounts of hexavalent and total chromium present in the groundwater sample moreaccurately, additional analyses would be required. However, numerous analytical resultsobtained for effluent samples taken from the various resin columns show that the SBAresins are capable of removing the majority of the total chromium, which suggests thatthe majority of the chromium is in the hexavalent form. Therefore, it is reasonable tomake the conservative assumption, when considering the hexavalent chromiumrequirement, that all of the chromium present is in the hexavalent form.
10
4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
In Section 2.0, the three goals of the bench-scale treatability study were listed. Thesethree goals were accomplished during bench-scale testing, and the findings are asfollows:
1) SBG-2 is the most feasible SBA resin.The most feasible SBA resin for this application (from a treatment perspective)out of those tested, was determined to be SBG-2. as seen from the results in Table2. SBG-2 was demonstrated to have the highest capacity among the SBA resinstested, capable of treating 25,000 to 30,000 gallons of groundwater per cubic footof resin.
2) The use of WBA resin would not be beneficial.It was determined that the use of a WBA resin prior to SBA resin would not bebeneficial due to the poor treatment achieved using the two WBA resins tested, asseen from the results in Table 2. If a regenerable resin is to be used in a roughingion exchanger, it should be an SBA resin rather than a WBA resin due to thesuperior performance of the SBA resin.
3) The use of SAC resin is not necessary.It was determined that an SAC resin is not necessary, since (1) the use of aregenerable WBA resin (which would necessitate the use of an SAC resin) wouldnot be beneficial, and (2) the effluent from the SBA resins demonstrate that SBAresins alone are capable of meeting the effluent criteria for total chromium. Theresults of analytical testing on influent samples are inconclusive with regards tothe respective levels of trivalent and hexavalent chromium present in thegroundwater sample. However, results of analytical testing performed on theeffluent samples taken from the SBA resin columns clearly indicate that the SBAresin is capable of reducing total chromium content to the desired level. The onlyremaining case in which an SAC resin would be necessary is if it was used toextend the life of an SBA resin used on a regenerable basis. The possibility ofusing an SBA resin on a regenerable basis is discussed below.
In Section 2.0, it was also stated that the treatability study was begun with a focus onfinding the best resins to use assuming that one of three treatment systems was to beutilized. The two-bed and three-bed DI systems suggested in Section 2.0 can bedisregarded based upon the results of the bench-scale study. However, an additionalpossibility, which had not been previously suggested, also deserves consideration. Thisoption would include SBA resin used on a regenerable basis prior to SBA polishing unitsused on a "throw-away" basis. Therefore, based on the results of the bench-scaletreatability study, the treatment systems that still deserve consideration are as follows:
11
• A single-bed DI system using an SBA exchange resin on a "throw away"basis.
• A two-bed DI system consisting of an SBA resin used on a regenerable basisfollowed by an SBA resin used on a "throw-away" basis.
The results of bench-scale testing suggest that Black & Veatch should consider thefollowing options for proceeding with remediation efforts for the Ace Services Site:
If it is decided that the two-bed DI system deserves further consideration:
1) Further bench-scale and/or pilot-scale treatability studies should be performedto evaluate this option.
If it is decided that a single-bed DI system will be used:
2) Additional bench-scale and/or pilot-scale testing could be performed on thedesired SBA resin(s) to obtain a more accurate estimate of the resin capacityand ensure that the results obtained in this study can be reproduced.
3) The full-scale system could be designed based upon the results obtained inthis bench-scale study.
A decision between alternatives two and three should be made based upon adetermination by Black & Veatch as to whether or not the data collected from the bench-scale treatability study is sufficient to serve as a basis for the system design.
The choice between the two-bed and one-bed DI systems should be based upon aneconomic analysis of the alternatives. Further bench-scale and/or pilot-scale studieswould be necessary in order for this economic analysis to be complete.
12
Appendix A - Manufacturer's Data Sheets for Resins Used for Testing
:CHINC.
RESINTECH™ SBG1ANION EXCHANGE RESIN
TYPE ONE, Cl OR OH FORM
llI
RESINTECH™ SBG1 is a high capaci ty , shock r e s i s t a n t , g e l u l a r . Type One. s t r o n g l v bas ic an ion r e s insuppl ied in the ch lo r ide or hydrox ide form as m o i s t , t o u g h , u n i f o r m , spher ica l beads R e s m T e c h SBCl i sin tended for use m al l types of de iomza t ion sys tems and c h e m i c a l p rocess ing a p p l i c a t i o n s
FEATURES & BENEFITS
I
• COMPLIES WITH PDA REGULATIONS FOR POTABLE WATER APPLICATIONSConfo rms to paragraph 2 1 C F R 1 7 3 . 2 5 of the Food A d d i t i v e s R e g u l a t i o n s of the F . D . A .
• UNIFORM PARTICLE SIZE95% of all beads are in the m i n u s 16 to plus 40 mesh range g i v i n g a LOWER P R E S S U R E DROP w h i l em a i n t a i n i n g the SUPERIOR K I N E T I C S of standard mesh s ize p r o d u c t s .
• HIGH TOTAL CAPACITYThe high total capacity of ResmTech SBCl allows greater capacitv in appl icat ions where high levels ofregenerat ion are used or in one t ime use a p p l i c a t i o n s such as prec ious meta l recoverv and ca r t r i dgede iomzat ion .
• SUPERIOR PHYSICAL STABILITYOver 93% spher ic i ty combined w i t h high crush s t r e n g t h s and u n i f o r m par t i c le s ize provide g rea te rresis tance to bead breakage due to mechanical, t h e r m a l or osmotic stresses.
For potable water appl ica t ions , the resin must be proper lv pre i r e a t e d . u s u a l K b> m u l t i p l e e x h a u s t i o n andregenera t ion cycles, to insure compl iance w i th ex t r ac t ab l e l e \ e l s
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
i®IV-" -''•g$£I"""I
10 20 30 40 50
Flow Rate. CPM/Ft
70
PRESSURE DROP The graph above shows theexpected pressure loss per foot of bed depth asa f u n c t i o n of f low rate at var ious watertempera tures .
120
100
1 8O
| 602
~ 40
as
20
0 1 2 3 4
Flow Rate. CPM Ft
BACKWASH - A f t e r each c \ c l e the res in bedshould be backwashed at a rate that expands thebed 50 to 75 percent . This w i l l r emo \e anyfo re ign mat te r and redassih the bed The g raphabo\e shows the expans ion c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ofResmTech SBCl in the c h l o r i d e form
615 DEER ROAD • CHERRY HILL, NJ 08034 • TEL: (609) 354 1152 • TELEX: 65030251-19 • FAX:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIESPol\ mer S t r u c t u r eF u n c t i o n a l G r o u pI o n i c f o r m as sh ippedPtn s i t a l f ' , rmScreen S u e D i s t r i b u t i o n
- 1 '• mesn 1' s vdi-* ( i *n c s TI ' ' s s t a i" ' ' TV. c s ,", ' s s ; d i
: > t i R a n g eM : : H - T I C : : \
n i l o r m : [ \ : ; > t - : ; u : e n t' . \ a t e r R e t e n t i o n
C l i i o r i d e ^ ormH\ c r o \ i d e f orrn
s o l u b m t v\ p p r o x i m a t e s h i p p i n g '.\e:
( l u o n d e ! ormH\ r i r o x i d e ( orm
l ! to i )H f ormI o r a l C a p a c i t y
( h i o r i d e F ormH \ d r o x : d e F o r m
St\ rene Cross lmked w i t h D\ BR N iCH 3 ) 3 *X-Chlonde or Hydrox ideT o u g h , sphe r i ca l Beads16 to 43 N o m i n a l<J Percen t<J P e r c e n t< I P e r c e n t'Mo 14
1 ;* P e r c em\ p p r o \ 1 6
4 i to 47 P e r c e n t"i i to tu) P e r c e n ti n s o l u b l e
4 4 I b s f t4 i I b s t t!S to JO P e r c e n t
1 4 5 meq/ ml mm', JO meq ml mm
SUGGESTED OPERATING CONDITIONSM a x i m u m T e m p e r a t u r e
H\ d ro \ i de F orm^ a i t f orm
Minimum Bed DepthBackuash RateR e y e n e r a n t C o n c e n t r a t i o nR e g e n e r a n t F l o w Ra teR e g e n e r a n t C o n t a c t T i m eR e ^ e n e r a n t Le \ e lD i s p l a c e m e n t Rinse Ra teD i s p l a c e m e n t R inse V o l u m el a s t R inse R a t eFas t R i n s e \ o lumeService Flow Ra te
NOT1 ro°FJ4 inches~>0 to 75S Bed ExpansionJ to 6\O . J 5 to 1.0 g p m / f t\t least 60 M i n u t e s4 to 10 I b s / f tSame as Regenerant Flow Rate10 to 15 g a l / f tSame as Service Flow Rate35 to 60 ga l / ft 'J to 4 g p m / f t
OPERATING CAPACITYThe opera t ing capacity of ResmTech SBG1 for acidremoval at various regeneration levels when treatingan i n f l u e n t wi th a concentrat ion of 500 ppm, asCaCC>3. is shown m the fol lowing table.
PoundsNaOH/ff
46810
HC1
11.312.814.315.5
rapaHty Kflo«'"»"V
H2SO4 H2SiO3
14.016.313.320.0
14.717.319.522.2
fH2C03
18.619.821.622.2
APPLICATIONSDemineriizationResmTech SBG1 is h i g h l y recommended for use inm u l t i p l e and mixed bed demmerahzers . wherevercomple te ion removal and physica l and osmotics t a b i h t v are required
ResmTech SBCl ' s h i g h tota l c a p a c i t y makes i t idea l fo ra p p l i c a t i o n s such as prec ious m e t a l recovers , r adwas tedisposal and p u r i f i c a t i o n of toxic was te s t reams. SBGl 'slower porosi ty also p r o v i d e s increased res i s tance toosmotic and phys ica l shock compared w i t h moreporous p r o d u c t s l ike ResmTech S B G 1 P
Tvpe One anion exchangers have greater thermal andox ida t ion resistance than other types of s t rong baseresins and can be operated at h ighe r t empera tu res roinsure low silica leakages. ResmTech SBGl's combina t ionof l ower poros i ty , h igh total capac i ty and Type Onef u n c t i o n a l i t y make i t :he resm of choice where thew a t e r t empe ra tu r e is :n excess of 85° F or w h e r e thec o m b i n a t i o n of carbon dioxide p l u s s i l ica exceed 40°oof the total anions and where chlor ides and organicsrepresent only a small por t ion of the ions to beremoved on a regenerable basis. At lower regenerationlevels or where the removal and e lu t ion of organics isof concern ResmTech SBG1P should be considered.
ResmTech SBG1P and ResmTech SBG1 are qui te s imi lar :the major di f ference between them is the degree ofporosity. SBC IP's greater porosity gives it fasterkinet ics which in tu rn gives SBG1P greater ab i l i t y toabsorb large and often slow moving ions. Therefore inwaters high in organics, SBG1P may become the resinof choice even on a "throw away basis". The choicebetween ResmTech SBG1 and ResmTech SBG1P mcartr idge applicat ions is not always clear cut. Wesuggest you consult our technical staff for specif icrecommendations.
ResmTech SBGl's high total capacity and low swell ingon regeneration provides maximum operating capacityin cartr idge deionization applications for all applicationsfrom u l t ra high puri ty to waste t reatment and preciousmetal recoveries.
DcsilicizersIn cer ta in applications water supplies wi th low dissolvedsolids need only be treated for hardness and si l ica re-moval. CG8 operat ing in the sodium cycle followed bvResmTech SBG1 operated m the hydroxide cycle is averv e f fec t ive way of provid ing low si l ica and lowhardness water for medium pressure boilers.
-t. V'«-'" '.«•»•
-%i:?
•CAUTION: DO NOT MIX ION EXCHANGE RESINS WITH STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS. N i t r i c ac id and o t h e r s t r o n g o x i d i z i n g
' .^•.•: i ts _m ..iuse e x p l o s i v e r e a c t i o n s uhen mixed w i t h or '4ann. m a t e r i a l s , s u c h as ion e x c h a n g e res ins .
RESINTECH is a trademark of RESINTECH INC.,u 'M' - , i • ; ;• ^: .or .s and l i a t . i . i r<: :).ised on i n f o r m a t i o n we be l i e \ e to be r chaLve Thev are o f fe red ;n ^ood f a i t h Houe\ er. ue do r.ot make• \ ; - : . i r . . • • _ • • • . IT . \ . iTT . i r . r . , ' , . • . . u : t i n n a g a i n s t u s i n g these p r o d u c t s i n . i n . i n n a t e m a n n e r o r i n M o ; d t i o n o f am p a t e n t s f u r t h e r ue
- . ; • • • . • • - • . . i ; ) i ' : ' \ ' T V • ' • ( • • i r . v i . - ' i i i - ' n i L ' S o ! a m such .i". Hons
RESIN :CHINC.
RESINTECH™ SBG2ANION EXCHANGE RESIN
TYPE Two GEL, Cl OR OH FORMRESINTECH™ SBG2 is a high capacity, gelular. Type Two. strongly basic anion resin supplied in thechloride or hydroxide form as moist, tough, uniform, spherical beads. It provides superior regenerationefficiency and greater resistance to organic fouling than Tvpe One strongly basic exchangers ResmTechSBG2 is intended for use in all types of dealkalization. deiomzation and chemical processing applications.
FEATURES & BENEFITSCOMPUES WITH PDA REGULATIONS FOR POTABLE WATER APPLICATIONSConforms to paragraph 21CFR173.25 of the Food Addit ives Regulations of the F.D./V
UNIFORM PARTICLE SIZE95% of all beads are m the minus 16 to plus 40 mesh range, giving a LOWER PRESSURE DROP whilemaintaining the SUPERIOR KINETICS of standard mesh size products.
SUPERIOR PHYSICAL STABILITYOver 93% sphericity combined with high crush strengths and uniform particle size provide greaterresistance to bead breakage due to mechanical, thermal or osmotic stress. This results m longer resinlife and lower pressure drop.
ORGANIC FOULING RESISTANCE AND HIGH OPERATING CAPACITYResin lech SBC2's Type Two exchange functionality provides a dramatic increase in regenerationefficiency and superior resistance to organic fouling compared with other types of strongly basicanion exchangers. In cases where natural organics are found, Type Two resins, such as ResinTech SBC2.will retain their original operating capacity longer than Type One resins, such as ResinTech SBG1 orSBG1P operating at similar regeneration levels.For potable water applications, the resin must be properly pre-treated, usually by multiple exhaustion andregeneration cycles, to insure compliance with extractable levels
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
exX
O 10 2O 30 4O 50
How Rate. GPM/Ft'
PRESSURE DROP The graph above shows theexpected pressure loss per foot of bed depth as afunction of flow rate at various temperatures.
10
0 1 2 3
Flow Rate. GPM/Ft'
BACKWASH After each cycle the resin bedshould be backwashed at a rate that expands thebed 50 to 75 percent. This will remove any foreignmatter and reclassify the bed. The graph aboveshows the expansion characteristics of ResinTechSBG2 in the chloride form.
Cherry H i l l . NJ 08034 • Phone: 856/354-1152 • Far 856/354-6165 • E-mail: ixresin?resintech.com • Web Site: vu\w resmtech.com
PHYSICAL PROPERTIESPolymer S t r u c t u r eI u n c t i o n d l CroupI o n i c F o r m , a s shippedf ' h \ M e a l F ormS c r e e n S i /e D i s t n b u t i o n
« • ! < > mesh ( U . S . S t d )4( i mesh UJ .S S t d l">(> mesh ( l i S . S t d l
p i ! R a n g eSphe i K i t \1 ' n i l o r m i t v C o e l l i c i e n tW a t e r R e t e n t i o n
C h loude FormIK d r o x i d e I orm
S o l u b i l i t y\ p p r o x i m a t e S h i p p i n g W e i g h t
( h l o r i d c F o r mH y d r o x i d e Form
s p e l l i n g ( I to OH I ormt o t a l C a p a c i t y
( h l o r i d e FormH v d r o x i d e Form
Styrene Crosslmked DVBR N (CH3)2- |-X-CH2CH20H( h l o r i d e or Hydroxidelough. Spher ica l Beads1 6 to 45 Nomina l<2 Percent<2 Pe rcen t<1 Percent(i to 14'> i + Pe rcen tA p p r o x . 1 . 7
ifi to 44 Pe icen t43 to 50 PercentI n s o l u b l e
44 I b s / f t41 Ibs / f f10 to IS Percent
1.45 meq/ml mm1.30 meq/ml mm
SUGGESTED OPERATING CONDITIONSM a x i m u m Tempera ture
H v d i o x i d e FormSal t F o r m
M i n i m u m Bed DepthBackwash RateK c g e n e r a n t C o n c e n t r a t i o n 'K e g e n e r a n t ( l o w Ra teK e g e n e i a m Contac t TimeK e g e n e r a n t LevelD i s p l a c e m e n t Rinse Ra teD i s p l a c e m e n t R inse VolumeI ast R i n s e R a t ef ast R inse VolumeServ ice F l o w Rate
')5°F170°F24 inches50 to 73% Bed Expansion2 to 6°S0 .25 to 1.0 g p m / f rAt least 60 M i n u t e s4 to 10 Ibs / f tSame as Regencrant Flow Rate10 to 15 g a l / f t 'Same as Service F low Rate)5 to 60 g a l / f t '-.' to 4 gpm/ft '
OPERATING CAPACITY! he operat ing capaci ty ot Resin l ech SBC2 for acid removalj i va r ious regenera t ion levels when t rea t ing an i n f l u e n t of">00 ppm of HCI. as CaCO}, is shown in the following table.
! he sa l t s p l i t t i n g capac i ty of ResmTech SBG2, at variousl e g e n e r a t i o n levels, based on an i n f l u e n t water containing50(> ppm of N a C I . as CaCOj. is shown m the followingt a b l e .
APPLICATIONSDemineralizationResmTech SBC2 is generally used m both m u l t i p l e andmixed bed de ion iza t ion systems where i ts t r emendouso p e r a t i n g capac i ty is best u t i l i z e d . Its use should ber e s t r i c t e d lo where water t empera tures are less t h a n K5"Fand carbon dioxide plus s i l i ca do not exceed 40% of theexchangeable anions.In m u l t i p l e bed deionizat ion systems, the in l e t watersupply is f i r s t passed through a cation exchange resin suchas ResmTech CCS. CGIO or SACMP operating m thehydrogen fo rm. The acidic e f f l u e n t from the ca t ion rcsm ispassed in to the anion exchange resin e i t he r d i r e c t l y or a l t e rdegas i f i ca t ion .In mixed bed operations, both cat ion and anion are mixedin a s ingle u n i t to provide the u l t imate m high pu r i t y f roma de ioniza t ion system. In many cases, a mixed beddciomzer wi l l fo l low a two bed deionizat ion system, ac t ingas a polisher removing any residual dissolved solids f r o mthe anion e f f l uen t . The u l t ima te appl ica t ion for the e f f l u e n twater w i l l determine the degree of p u r i t y requi red and thet y p e of e q u i p m e n t necessary.Resin lech SBG2 is less susceptible to becoming fouled byn a t u r a l l y occurring organics and can of ten be used alone asa work ing resin" on waters t ha t would n o r m a l l y l e q u i r eextensive p re t rea tment or an organic scavenger ahead ofthe demmeral izer .DealkalizatlonResmTech SBG2 can be regenerated wi th sodium chlor ideand used to remove a lka l in i ty , without the use of acid. Asmall amount of sodium hydroxide is generally mixed w i t hthe sail to obtain a higher operating capacity. A regenerationlevel of 5 pounds of salt mixed with .25 pounds of caust icper cubic foot wi l l provide an operating capacity of up to I 5Kgrs. per cubic foot on waters containing 100% a l k a l i n i t y
OTHER APPLICATIONS__________Nitrate RemovalResmTech SBG2 can be used in the chloride cycle to reduceni t ra tes . Consult our technical department for deta i ledi n fo rma t ion and performance comparisons betweenResmTech SBC2 and ResmTech SIR-100 (n i t r a t e s p e c i f i c !Oxygen RemovalResin lech SBG2 in the su l f i t e form can be used to removeoxygen from demmerahzed or d is t i l l ed water. Consul t ourt echn ica l department for detai led in format ion .
•CAUTION: DO NOT MIX ION EXCHANGE RESINS WITH STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS. N i t r i c acid and o ther s trong o x i d i / m gagents can cause explosive reactions when mixed wi th organic ma te r i a l s , such as ion exchange resins.
RESINTECH is a trademark of RESINTECH INC.These suggest ions and data ate based on informat ion we believe to be r e l i a b l e Thev are offered in good fa i th . However, we do not make.irn gua ran t ee or w a r r a n t \ \Ne cau t ion against us ing these products m an unsafe manner or in violation of any patents f u r t h e r , weassume no l i a b i l i t y for the consequences of any such actions
RESINTECH™ WBMPANION EXCHANGE RESIN
WEAK BASE MACROPOROUSFREE BASE FORM
.•>-.
' I * ' •» ' •r" «"••-.
RESINTECH WBMP is a high capacity, shock resistant, macroporous, tertiary amine, weakly basic anionresin supplied in the free base form as moist, tough, un i fo rm, spherical beads. ResinTech WBMP hassuperior kinetics and greater resistance to oxidation and osmotic shock than standard gel type weak baseresins such as ResinTech WBG30. ResinTech WBMP has tremendous regeneration efficiency and low rinserequirements and is also capable of reversibly adsorbing large organic ions. ResinTech WBMP is intendedprimarily for use in mult iple bed demineralizers, resource recovery and waste treatment applications.
FEATURES & BENEFITS______________________• COMPLIES WITH PDA REGULATIONS FOR POTABLE WATER APPLICATIONS
Conforms to paragraph 21CFR173.25 of the Food Additives Regulations of the F.D.A.*• UNIFORM PARTICLE SIZE
95% of all beads are in the minus 16 to plus 40 mesh range; giving a LOWER PRESSURE DROP whilemaintaining the SUPERIOR KINETICS of standard mesh size products.
• SUPERIOR PHYSICAL STABILITYOver 93% plus sphericity combined with high crush strengths and uniform particle size providegreater resistance to bead breakage due to mechanical, thermal or osmotic stresses. This results inlonger resin life and lower pressure drop.
• ORGANIC FOULING RESISTANCE AND HIGH OPERATING CAPACITYResinTech WBMP*s tertiary amine functionality plus its macroporous structure provides nearly 100percent regeneration efficiency and the ability to reversibly sorb naturally occurring organicsubstances that eventually foul all strongly basic resins. ResinTech WBMP can be used in multiple bedsystems to protect strongly basic resins from fouling while decreasing regenerant consumption.
•For potable water applications, the resin must be properly pre treated, usually by multiple exhaustion andregeneration cycles, to Insure compliance with extractable levels.
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
.J1- *Y* "
I \v^'...
[ y;Xvr?:
I •" • •„'• r..•'.•- .'•;• -J'- «i rj
0 10 20 30 40 SOFlow Rate, GPM/Ft'
PRESSURE DROP The graph above shows theexpected p ressu re loss per foot of bed depth as af u n c t i o n of f 1 o w r a t e a t \ a n o u s w a t e rt empera tures
0 1 2 3 4Flow Rate, GPM/Ft1
BACKWASH A f t e r e a c h c v c l e . t h e r e s : n b e dshould be backwashed at a ra te t h a t expands thebed 50 to ~5 pe rcen t . This w i l l r e m o v e an\ f o r e i g nm a t t e r and r e c l a s s i f x , the bed. The _ ; r jp ; i .ibo'.eshows the expansion c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o i R e s m T e c h'A BMP m the free base f o r m
t -•1980 OLD CUTHBERT ROAD • CHERRY HILL. NJ 08034 1409 • TEL: (609) 3S4 1152 • FAX: (609) 354 6337 . » » * . R E S ! N T E C H . C J M
RESINTECH" WBMPPHYSICAL PROPERTIESPoK mer St ruc ture
Functional Croup
ionic Form, as shipped
Phv s ical F orm
•screen s ize Distr ibution
-10 mesh ' I ' S S l d >4 0 mesh i l 1 S S t d '
- ~ 0 mesh i t ' S S t d '
pH Rar.'4*
spnenc : f \1 mtorrr.its C o e f f i c i e n t
'A a t e r R e t e n t i o n
I ree Base
V)lubih:\
\ppro\ imate Shipping
f ree Base
f r e e Base to CI Form
Total Capacits
f ree 3ase form
Stvrene Crosslmked w i t h DV B
R N (CH3 i2*Free BaseTough. Spherical Beads16 to 45 Nominal
<2 Percent
<2 Percent
v 1 Pe rcen t
0 to 14') i- Percent
\pprox 1 d
4S to 54 P e r c e n tI n s o l u b l e
40 Ibs ft
10 to 1 5 Percent
1 4 meq, ml mm
SUGGESTED OPERATING CONDITIONSMaximum Temperature
Free Base FormMinimum Bed Depth
Backwash RateRegenerant Concentrat ionRegenerant Flow Rate
Regenerant Contact Time
Regenerant Level
Displacement Rinse RateDisplacement Rinse VolumeI ast Rinse Rate
f a s t Rinse Volume
s e r v i c e Flow Rate
2l2°f i l O O ° C >24 inches
SO to "% Bed Expansion05 to 6°b NlaOH0 5 to 1 0 gpm/ft
At least 30 Minutes
3 to 6 Ibs, ft
Same as Regenerant Flow Rate10 to 15 gal/ftSame as Service Flow Rate35 to 60 gal/ f t '-' to 4 gpm/ft
OPERATING CAPACITYThe operating capacity of ResinTech WBMP for acidremoval at various regeneration levels when treatingan influent w i t h a concentration of 500 ppm of HCI. as
. :s shown in the following table
PoundsNaOH/ft1
34
5
6
CapacityKilograins/ft'
19.021.523.5
25.0
Regenerat ion of ResinTech WUMP can be accomplishedusing sodium hvdrox ide. ammonium h x d r o x i d e ,ammonia ianhvdrous< or sodium carbonate
APPLICATIONS______________DeionizationRes inTech WBMP can be used in a two bed s v s t e mfo l l ow ing a strong acid cat ion unit iResmTech CG8iwhere weak acid ions is i l ica and carbon dioxide' donot have to be removed. Where c o m p l e t e an ion icremoval is required. ResinTech WBMP can be placedahead of a strong anion unit (Res inTech SBG1P> wherei t w i l l e f f i c i e n t l v r e m o v e s t r o n g a c i d s s u c h a sch lo r ides , s u l f a t e s and n i t r a t e s . R e s i n T e c h \ \ B M Pexhibits tremendous regeneration e f f i c iency (90°-' andas an added benef i t can be regenerated wi th w a s t ecaus t i c from the s t rong base anion unit. Res inTechWBMP can also be used as the top laver of a s t ra t i f i edanion unit, wi th ResinTech SBG1P as the bottom la \e r .
OrganicsResinTech WBMP has the abil i ty to reversibK sorborganic molecules like the naturally occurring humicand fu lv ic acids that are primari ly responsib le fororganic fouling. When used as a separate bed ahead ofthe strong base anion exchanger, it easily remo\esorgan ics and p r o t e c t s the secondary anion f rombecoming fouled.
OTHER APPLICATIONS_________ResinTech WBMP exhibits high chemical and ph\sicalstabil i ty and is very resistant to thermal and oxidat iveattack as well as organic fouling. These properties, inaddition to the large pore size, allow ResinTech WBMPto be used in manv specia l p rocess a p p l i c a t i o n sincluding
• Removal and separation of metals• Removal of formic acid impurities from
formaldehyde• Treatment of acid wastes• Pharmaceutical processing• Cane sugar and corn svrup processing
CAUTION: DO NOT MIX ION EXCHANGE RESINS WITH STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS. \ i t r :c jc:d and n-ner s t rong oxid..:.:i-,,;enis ..in cause exp los i ve react ions when mixed w i t h organic ma te r -a i s . such as ion exchange resins.
RESINTECH is a trademark of RESINTECH INC.' l iese vj^est ions and r.a'a are based on information we be l i eve :o 'jv. \n\ .juar.intee or war ran t 1 . '.\e i..r:;ion against using these products"itv :•.,: l iah iht \ tor 'he ..onseqi. :nces of an\ such acr ions
I t ies are o f f e r e e : .:i ^cod f a i t h H o u f \ e r . AC ,:<; T.i r .sate manner T n v i o l a t i o n >t ,m\ r ) . \ ten ts "jrr:
MAR 99
A-103SMacrcporous Weak-base Anion-Exchange Resin
r<~v THI C B M : K B R A L : S A T : ON or S'J^A* sci. JT I O N S
Technical Data
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Pure life A-103S is a macroporous poly(viny benzyl (tertiary armne exchanger of moderateporosity, specially devebped for use in the demineralisation of juices from the beet, cane, andliquid sugar industries. Its (relatively high) basicity permis adsorption of organic acids of pKavalues up to about 5, and its macroporous structure results in excellent resistance to bothosmotic shock and organic fouling. As a resul, many of the high molecular weight colour bodiespresent are also removed, (in beet sugar juices, the reduction in colour may be 80% or more),and these colour bodies can readily be eluted during the regeneration. This can be earned outwith low amounts of caustic soda, ammonia, or soda ash to give high operating capacities. Theresin, with its macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene matrix, not only possesses good nnsecharacteristics, but its high total exchange capacity ensures high ash-removal figures (often>75% of total), with significant savings in running cost thanks to its excellent regenerationefficiency.
Where both the ionic concentration and colour are particularly high in the influent juice, themore porous version of this resin, Purolite A-100S, is recommended as an alternative.
Typical Chemical and Physical Characteristics
App*araiw*Funrflonal C-rnt^i
innir Form - flf fhippfdTnt.1 r.p.rHy ( FR Fnrm)
Strong Rate % .,„...... ................................................ —— ........ „„„ , „„ „..„..,..._Mni«»ir» B»t»n«nn (fT Fnrm)Ro.H «i7* D.ne» ( mirrnit€) -t-1 ?
Rfvrnihk Sweline (FB — » T1)<tp»rMr r.r.vlty ( FR Fnrm)
Tomp«r.hirP limit (Tl Fnrm)
wit) divinylbeozeneSpherical beadsTertiary aminoFree haw- FB
48-^%00 <2 %, -420 <2%
16-40 mesh, wet
i ndkg/m'( 40-42 Ib/fr1)
100<C(212|°F)
(Op^ra ring) 0-8
JUN 99
A-400OHStrong-Base Type I (Clear Gel) Anion Exchange Resin
Technical Data
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Purolite A-400OH is a strong-base anion exchanger supplied in the hydroxide form. It is usedfor the demincralisation of water where it shows both high operating capacity and the ability toachieve low residual silica levek. Minimal quantities of caustic soda arc required compared withthose typical of the classical Type I quaternary ammonium structure based on polystyrene. Ithas a clear gel structure, showng excellent regeneration efficiency and superb nnsecharacteristics.
Purolite A-400OH has exceptional physical stability for a conventional gel-type resin whichpermits a long life without the devebpment of excessive pressure drop; it also shows goodkinetics of exchange, enabling the reduction, to very low concentration levek, of both strong andweak acid anions at practical flow rates.
Typical Chemical and
Polymer StructureA PP*»r«fw»Funrftnnal rirni M
Innir Form - at thippedTotal Capacity (CT Form)Moistire Retrnfon (CT Form)
Screen Size Range (U.S. Standard Screen)SwflIng(fT->OH)SpecMc Gravity (OH Form)tipping Wf ightTemperature Limit (CT Form)
(OH Form) ,„,„,.....pH lanin(StiHlity)
(Operating) (OH Form)
Physical Characteristics
. Gel polystyrene crosattnked wife divinylbenzeneCph^ .l K..A
............ Typr 1 Qnatrrmry AmmonhimHyilmi»4r - "H («0% TtH)
1 1 »«j/l min
4R-MV.*1?««^<%, -^"^1%
iA.<n iMth, w«*•>n./.1 OT
66S-60S Vg/m3 (41 -41 * \Mt>)100°^(?in°F)t.n°r (*An°r)
M««.
i.in
Appendix B - Analytical Results: 10 ml_ burets
r\ja.
5in
I,-«
OJ
Client. Samco Technologies, lac.P O Box 216North Tootwaadi. NY 14120
Attention: Jason NeudcckProject Reference HPurchase Order * 21302-2Project: Process Water Analysis
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project # NYOIOOIOProject Manager: Dan ReidStart Date: 10/3/2000Report Date: 10/13/2000
Authorized Signature[VJ Peiliang Shot, Manager of Analytical Chemistry
Paul S. Chopra, Laboratory Director
Analysis Results TableSample* Lab*Sample Vessel - Siz
Sampling DueAaatyte Oruup
MatrixMethod
Location / CommentAoalyte
Analytical SampleSensitivity Concentration
AnalysisDate
Simples submitted by Samco Technologies, lac. on 10/10/2000SBG-t Ml 500572Plastic Bottle - 250 ml
mt of unfit I 500511
SBG-2 »l 500573Plastic Buttle - 250 ml
wJof mm^ti J005TJ
WBMPWI 500574Plastic Bottle - 250 ml
cW.rtHtici SCCIM
10/1 0/2000 9:00:00 AMChromium VI • Water
Chromium - Water - Total
10/10/2000 9:00:00 AMChromium VI - Wale*
Chromium - Water - Total
10n 0/2000 9:00:00 AMChromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
WaterSWS467196A
SW84660IO/ICP
WaterSWS467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WaterSW8467196A
SWI4660IO/ICF
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chnxntum VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
25 ua/L <25 0 ug/1.
5ug/L <5.00ug/L
25"«Vl- <25.0u«/L
5 u|/L <5.00 ug/L
25 vg/L <25.0 ua/L
5u«yL <5.00it/L
to/to/oo10/12/00
10/KVOO
10/12/00
IQ/IQAX)
10/U/OD
m
8CHOPRA-LECIneorpr' ~»«d
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYSDOHHLAPO 10954
Nft*R«7«nO«fe 10)1 VJOU
dint
Analysis Results Table
a.'
&in2
Sample « Lib # Sampling DaleSample Vessel - Siz Analyte Group
A-400*( 500575 10/10/20009:00:00 AMPlastic Bottle - 250 ml Chromium VI • Water
Chromium - Wrter - Total_»*_*.» mtn
A-I03M1 500576 10/10/2000 9:00:00 AMPlastic Bottle - 250 ml Chromium VJ - Water
Chromium - Water - TotalrW *••«•«• 50017*
Matrix Location / CommentMethod Aoalyte
WattrSW 146 7I96A Chromium VI
SWM660IO/ICP Chromium
WaterSWS467I96A Chromium VI
SWS4660IO/1CP Chromium
Analytical Sample AnalysisSciwitivrty ConcentralioD Dale
25u«n. <25.0ua/L 10/10/00
5u|/L <5.00nf/L 10/12/00
25ua/L O5.0u«/L IIVKVOO
5ug/L <3.00 ug/L 10/12/00
ITH
rvj
TXrjr nui//d onr mAmtrttd pvmtanl to Ctiopra-Ltt. Inc. V curnnl ttrmi and conditions o/ralt. including On cmnpay's standard warranty and IhnilaUon of liability prarlilaa. No n^onribtlity or l/abilily itatnanfdjor Ikt manmr in which Iht rttutu art Hwd or tnUrpntrd. Tn*n nsulli ptrtala only to In* Itnm mind. Unlra notified In writing to rtlttm tht tamoftt fo+rnd fylfilt nport Cfiopro L*t, Inc. will ironwhat rtmoint of In* laaiplatfor a ptrlod a/1) dfft btftff discording, imtru otherwlt* rrqulnd by law.
fVJ
m
Incorpr tod
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND- Not Detected
NYSDOHHLAP# 10954
2 <t 1lunvtoanMY«ie»IO 0
dint
ina
cr>in
Client: Simco Technologies, Inc.PO Box 236North Toaiwaadi. NV 14120
Attention: Jason NeodeckProject Reference HPurchase Order tt 21302-2Project: Process Water Analysis
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project # NY010010Project Manager Dan RcidStart Date: 10/3/2000Report Date: 10/13/2000
Authorized Signature[vf PeiJiang Shen/Maaagef of Analytical Chemistry
Paul S. Chopra, Laboratory Director
r\j
Sample * Lab* Sampling DaleSample Vessel - Size Analyte Oroup
Analysis Result* TableMatrix Location / CommentMethod Analyte
Analytical Sample AnalysisSensitivity Concentration Dale
Samples submitted by Samco TechaologioB. Inc. oo 10/6/2000InOutntl 500452 10/6/2000 9:00:00 AM
Chloride io Water
Fluoiide in Water
Nitrale in Water
Nitrite in Water
Phosphorous in Water
SuUate la Water
SulCde io Witer
Alkalinity
Conductivity
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Cirbon
WaterSMI84500CI-B
SM184500F-C
BPA 352.1
EPA 354.1
SM 18 4500-P / Colorimetric
EPA 375.4 .
SM 18 4500 S2 E
SM 182320/Tilnition
SM 18 2510 /Meter
SM 1 1 2540 C / Gravimetric
S W 846 9060 /IR
Chloride (CI-)
Flooride (F-)
Nitrale (NO3-)
Nitrite (NO2-)
Phosphorous (?)
SuUate (SO4)2-
Sulfide (S2-)
Alkalinity
Conductivity
Total Dissolved Solids (IDS)
Total Organic Carbon (TOQ
log/I.
O.I m«/U
0.05 mi/L
0.01 ma/L
0.02 mg/L
5ma/L
lma/L
4ma(C»C
0.1 ubon/c
lmj/L
6uc/L
55.0 mg/L
1.40 mg/L
21.0mt/L
0.0120 a&L
<0.0200 oij/L
47.4 mg/L
<1.00 mg/L
251 mtXCaOO)
758 ufaom/coi
487 mg/L
<6.00 u£/L
ICV9/00
1 (VI WOO
10/6/00
Id/1 1/00
10/10/00
IOWOO
10/10/00
io/iiyoo10/IIVOO
m
CHOPRA-LEElr»oorpr>--»t«cJ
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND - Not Detected
NYS DOH ELAP # 10954
NTOIOOIO •
Analysis Result* TableSample* Lab# Sampling Dale MalmSample Vessel - Six Analyte Group Method
(l- - Total Suspended Solids (TSS) SM 182540 D / Gravimetric
Turbidity SM 1 8 2 1 30 / Turbidity
,?> Aluminum - Water SW 846 6010 / ICPino Barium - Water
Calcium - Water
("hiomium - Water
Iron - Water
Magnesium - Water
Manganese - Waler
Potassium - Water
Sodium - Water
Silica XRD/NIOSU 7500
Strontium - Water ICP
Plastic Bollle - 5 L Chromium VI - Water SW 846 7 196A
Total Carboo SW 846 9060 / IR
Ammonium
Carbonate
Bicarbonate
InOutitZ 500453 10/6720009:00:00 AM WaterPlastic Bottle - 500 ml Chromium VI - Water SW 846 7 196A
^ . Chromium - Water - Total SW 846 6010 /ICP*H
Location / CommentAnalyle
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Turbidity
Aluminum
Barium
Calcium
Chromium
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Potassium
Sodium
Silica
Strontium
Chromium VI
ToUl Carboo
Ammonium
Carbonate
Bicarbonate
Chromium VI
Chromium
AnalyticalSensitivity
1 ouj/L
NTU
5ua/L
30ui/L
5UB/1.
l5ua/L
30ua/U
2ua/L
2000 u(/L
200o|/L
0 005 of
0.1 ma/L
25u|/L
6 ma/L
O.loia/L
0
0
25 UE/I,
5 U£/t.
SampleCmiceotratino
1.58 me/1.
1.62 NTU
l20iuj/L
86800u«/I.
iOOut/t.
lOOui/L
32700 UR/L
20.0 us/I.
8300 ue/1.
34400 ue/I.
55.8 m»
1.15 rng/l.
300ug/I.
50.0 me/1.
<O.IOOma/L
000
251
<25.0 ug/I.
590 ugA.
AnalysisDate
10/9/00
10/6/00
10/10/00
10/6/00
10/10/00
10/9/00
1 0/6/00
10/10/00
O)fVI
m
o
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYSDOHBLAP0 10954
intvmooNVOIOOIO 0
a.
enin
Ef\J
Simple K Ub*Sample Vessel - Size
Sampling DateAnalyte Group
Analysia Results TableMatrix Location / CommeatMethod Analylc
AnalyticalSensitivity
SampleConcentration
AnalysisDate
Vnrr rrmlli art nbmlttrd pumant to Chopra-Ltt. Inc.') currtnl irrmi and comRtlont ojialt. ihe/Wffig Itu company'l Handout warranty and limitation of liability praviiuxu. Ho rtsponitbilay or liability nammtdfor Int manner hi »hlch lilt nmllt art mrd or mtrrprtlrd Thrtt renillt ptrtatn only lothtllttv Itlird Unitu notified In writing lo rrlum tht lonpttt covtrtd by Ihlt rrport Cfiopra I**, Inc. w//7 Uonwhat remain* oftht itmplrifor a prrlod ofIf ilayt or/or* dltcanting. unlru olhrntln rrqulrrd by law.
(300(XI
tUO
CHOPKA-LEEIncorporated
1815Lx)veRoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYS DOH ELAP tt 10954
) of )IO/IVWU3NYoianio o
Clwt
<J\r\jQ.
<D"°.o
Client: Samcn Technologies, Inc.P O Box 236North Tounvanda. tfi (4110
Attention: Jason NeudcckProject Reference KPurchase Order If 21302-2Project Process Water Analyiis
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project tf NYOI0010Project Manager. Dan ReidStart Date: 10/3/2000Report Date: 10/17/2000
Authorized Signature.ly PeiJiang Shen, Manager of Analytical Clienii.stryO Paul S. Cbopra, Laboratory Director
Sample IfSample Vessel •
Lab*Size
Sampling DateAiulyle Group
MatrixMethod
AoalysU ResulLj TableLocation / CoounenlAualyle
Analytical Simple AnalysisSensitivity Cnnoeotralioo Dale
Samples iubmiued by Samco Technologies, Inc. on 10/12/2000SBG-l 02Plastic Uollle -
n| rf TMfff f WW741
SBC-2 *2Plastic Bottle -
WBMP*2Plastic BoUle -
500762250ml
500763250 ml
500764250 ml
10/J272000 3:00:00 PMChromium - Water
CbromiuiD VI - Water
10/12/2000 3:00:00 PMChromium - Water
Chromium VI - Water
10/12/2000 3:00:00 PMChromium - Water
Chromium VI - Water
WaterSWS4660IO/ICP
SW8467I96A
WaterSWB4660IO/ICP
SWK467I96A
WaterSW84660IO/ICP
SW8467I96A
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
5ug/I- <5.00ug/L 10/16/00
25ug/L <25.0ug/J. 10/13/00
5ti£/L <5 00 un/L 10/16/00
25ug/L c25.0u»/L 10/13/00
5uc/L 341 ug/L 10/16/00
Z5ug/L 261 ut/L IQ/IVOO
roN
CHOtRA UEincorporBt«Kl
1815 Love RoadGrand fslmid, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND - Not Detected
NYSDOHBLAP* 10954
I •> JIWI7/JOOONYOIOOIt O
» * ! * * I * *
8i - ° I-it I
i if
IUao
W|
i*a. —
f/E'd U«02:0T
Client: Samco Technologies, Inc.P O Uox 136North Ton* windi. NY I4LJO
Aneatioo: Jason NeiuicckPmjecl Kefcrence #408853Purchase Order* 21302-2Project: Process Water Analysis
Ace Service*
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project» NYOI0010Project Manager: Dan ReidStart Date- 10/3/2000Report Date: 10/30/2000
Authorized Signature[7\ Peiliaog Sbeo. Manager or Analytical Chemistry
Pad S. Chopra, Laboratory Director
Analysis Results TableSample » Lab*Sample Vessel - Size
Sampling DaleAnalyte Group
MatrixMethod
Location / CommentAnalyte
Analytical Simple AnalysisSensitivity Conccotralioo Dale
Samples submitted by Samco Techoologiej. Inc. oa 10/25/2000SHG-2W3 SO 1581
Plastic Hnl t le- 250 ml
r«14m~fft,t MDII
VVUMPOT 501582Plastic Boitte- 250 ml
A-ID3N3 501583Plastic Botile- 250 ml
Chromhun VI - Water
Chromium - Waler - Total
Chromium VI - Waler
Chromium - Waler - Total
Chromium VI - Waler
Chromium - Water -Total
WaterSWS467196A
SWM660IO/ICP
WaterSW8467I96A
SW 146 6010 /1CP
WaterSW 146 7 196 A
SW8466010/ICP
Chromium VI
Chromiuni
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
25 uj/L <25.0 04/1. IO/2S/00
5ug/l. <5.00na/l.
2Su£/I. 549 ug/L 10/15/00
5 ug/1- 630 ug/I.
25 'J*/L 550 ug/1. 10/25/00
5 ug/1. 580 up/1.
CMOPRA-ltbIncorporatAii
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYSDOHEI.AP/H0954
lOOVNOOMVOIOOiO 0
Cl.ru
Analysis Results TableSample 0Sample Vessel
SBG-l/MPlastic Bonle
aJffwsriil-MiMA-40004Plastic Bottle
Lab#-Sit*
SOISM-230ml
H501585
-250ml
•>
Sampling DaleAnaryte Group
Chromium VI - W«er
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - W«cr
Chromium - Wtf er - Total
MalrixMethod
WaterSWS467I96A
SW 146 6010 /1CP
WaterSW8467I96A
SW 146 6010 / ICP
Ixicatioa / CommentAnalytc
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
CUuomiuoi
Analytical SampleStruitivrty (xrooeutralioo
23UK/L <25.0Uf/L
SusA- 700nt/L
2Su|/L <25.0nj/L
5ug/I. 7.00 nj/I.
AnalysisDale
10/U/DO
10/25/00
1tt»i* rfMiln ore nibmltttJ ptmt~>l lu Ckifr* • Lft. Inc 't cumm Itrmi m»J condltloni qfsth. l*cl*4tnt /*• oomffyf't tlwutftd wtrronty and limitation o/ltoHlHy provUlant No rtqrontlbllily or liability Itoifumtdfor iht mawvr In which II* ntulft an uttd or IMtrjnttal Thtft nnlliptrtui* only lo Ih* ff««u Itiltd llnltm nettfta1 hi milting lo rtlum It* lampltJ cavtrtd by ihli rtporl Otopra Lit, Inc will ttortwnol rtmalni of It* lonplajor a ftriod of IS moyi btfort eoffraini, mltu u/fe/w/M rtquln4 by low.
CIIOPKA IKIncorporated
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 TAX 716-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYSDOH I'.I.AP* 10954Kvaiouie a
Appendix C - Analytical Results: 25 ml_ burets
Client: Samco Technologies, Inc.P U Bo* 236North Tonawanda. NY 14120
Attention: Jason NeudeckProject Reference 0408853Purchase Order # 21302-2Project: Proem Water Analysis
Ace Savices
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project # NYOIOOIOProject Manager: Dao ReidStart Date: 10/3/2000Report Dale: 11/15/2000
Authorized Signature[~1 Peiliang Shen, Manager of Analytical Chemistry
Paul S. Chupra. Laburalury [>ircctor
Sample * Lab ItSample Vessel - Size
Sampling DateAflaJyte Group
Analysis Results TableMatrix Location / CommentMethod Aoalyte
Analytical Sample AnalysisSensitivity Concentration Dale
Samples submitted by Samco Technologies. Inc. on 1 1/10/2000SBG-l-iS-1 503007Plastic Dottle - 250 ml
•d<rfu«»Jr* JOJ1U7
SBG-l-35-2 503008Plastic Mott le- 250 nil
cr*trM->>** SOW
SBC, 1-250 503009Plastic Dottle - 250 ml
c«« (*__,!•• »>00t
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
WatirSW H46 7 196A Chromium VI
SW H46 6010 / ICP Chromium
WaterSW K46 7I96A Chromium VI
SW 846 6010 /ICP Chromium
WaterSW 846 7 1 96 A Chromium VI
SW 846 6010 /ICP Chromium
25 u»/I. <25.0 uj/I.
5u«/l_ <5.00ot/l.
25u«/L <25.0m/l.
5u*/l. <VOOni/I-
25u«/l. <75.0nj/L
5u«/L 14.0ug/l.
11/10/00
11/14/00
11/10/00
11/14/00
11/10/00
11/14/00
incorp
1815 lX)VC RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 7 16-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYS DOH ELAP * 10954
I «* *II (IV WOONYDIOOlO II
T|---Tiiti<i|jTi.
Analysis Resulii TableSample tf Lab #Sample Vessel - Size
SBG-I-2S-4 S03010Plastic Bottle - 2SO ml
SBC-l-25-5 503011Plastic Uottle - 2SO oil
SBG-1-25-4 503012
Plastic Bottle -2 SO ml
HdfTMBrft* JW9I1 _ .
SBC-1-25-7 503013Plastic Bottle -250 ml
SHG-2-2S1 503014Plastic Holtlc - 250 ml
SBG-2-2S-2 503015Plastic Bottle - 250 ml
y»atrf tjt*ft* * J030I4
SBG-2~2W 503016Plastic Bottle -2 SO ml
^B, ig i5•••••••l Gran
Sampling DaleAoalyte Group
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Cb/omitBn VI • Water
Chroounm - Wrier - Total
Chromium VI - Waler
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Waler
Chromium - Water - Tola)
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Waler - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Love Roadd Island, NY 14072
MatrixMethod
WaterSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WalerSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 / ICP
WalerSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WalerSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WaterSW8467I96A.
SW 846 60 10 /ICP
WalerSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WalerSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 / ICP
ND-Not
Location / CommentAualyte
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chrqmium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Detected
Analytical SampleSensitivity Corn, cntnl ion
25 ug/L <25.0uj/L
5ug/L 35.0 u»/L
2Suc/L 640 ug/L
5 ug/1. 66.0 ug/1.
25 ug/L 700 ug/L
5 u«/L 74.0 ug/L
25 ug/1. 122 ug/1.
5 ug/1. 128 ug/L
25 ug/1. <25.0og/i.
5 og/L <5.00 iig/t.
25 UC/L <25.0 agfl.
5 ug/L <5.00 ug/1.
2Su(/L <25.0 ug/L
5 ug/L <3. 00 ug/1.
P«^ 9 2 rf 4
l^unltTfX NYOIOOIO II
AnalysisHale
11/10/00
11/14/00
11/10/00
11/14/00
11/10/00
ll/H/00
11/10/00
11/14/00
11/10/00
11/14/00
11/10/00
11/14/00
11/10/00
1 I/I 4/00
Incoip'- -Med716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624 NYSDOHELAP* 10954
Analysis Results TableSample tf Ub #Sample Vessel - Sue
SBG 1-25-4 503017Plastic Bottle - 250 ml
^•firf't* "10"SBG-22S5 503018Phutic Bottle -2 50 ml
SBG-2-2S-6 503019Plastic Dottle - 250 ml
SBG-2-25-7 503020Plastic Bottle- 250 ml
A-40025-1 S03021PluliL UoUlc- 250ml
v.4<rf»MBii* ximiA-400-25-2 503022
Plastic Bottle -2 SO ml
n A-400-25-3 S030Z3j; Plastic Bottle - 250 ml
4
J
• 1
Analytc Group
Chromniru VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water • Toul
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
MatrixMethod
WaterSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WaterSW8467I96A
SW 846 60 10 /ICP
Water
SWS467196A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WaterSWS467196A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WaUrSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WaterSW8467196A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
WaterSW8467I96A
SW 846 6010 /ICP
location / CommentAnaryic
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Chromium VI
Chromium
Analytical Sample AnalysisSensitivity CooterUration Date
25u(/L <75.0uj/L 11/10/00
5ug/L <500uj/L ll/IVOO
25oj/L <25.0ug/L 11/10/00
5ue/L 10.0 ut/L 11/14/00
25ug/L <250ug/L 11/tO/OO
5ug/L ISO us/I. 11/14/00
25ug/L <230ua/L 11/10/00
Sug/L 360ue/L 11/14/00
25"«/L <2S.OUg/L 11/10/no
5u«yL <^.OOuK/I. 11/14/00
25ug/L <25.0ug/I. 11/10/00
5ug/l. <5.00un/l. 11/14/00
25u|/L <25.0ug/L 11/10/00
5ua/L <5.00 ug/l, 11/14/00
CMOPRA IfE
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYSDOHHIAP* 10954I Unbryf KtOlWIO II
Analyiij Results Table
Sample t Lab »Sample Vessel - Size
A-400-75-4 503024Plastic DoOle - 150 ml
_)*•«•*» IOM4
Sampling DateAoalyte Group
Chromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
MatrixMethod
WaterSW8467I96A
SW 146 6010 /1CP
Location / CommentAnalytc
Chromium VI
Chromium
AnalyticalSensitivity
25ui/L
5u§/L
SampleC on ccnf/nO o n
<25 0 ug/L
<5.00u«/L
AnalysisDate
11/10/00
1 1/14/00
Thfi* rtrulli on nbmtlltd pwtuanl lo Cttopr*-Lti. Mr. 'j cvrfirt Itrmt tn4 eoWOfMr oftalr. MrA«/»if lltt cempaiy'i Ha*4anl wammty and limitation of liability pravuiotu Ho njpamlkllay or liability ItanimtdJar It* mmn*r in *focti tkt nnitlt an \utdorinkrpnlf4 Thttf ruulo ptriafn oxfy lotto Htnu Mid. Unlrti nottftJ M writing lo rttun l)tt tamplti covtrttl by Oils nrporl Chapra Ln. Inc. will Harttokal nmaua ofll* ta*a>kJ for a ptrtoJ ojlt Jay* Won tbcardtog, vnttu olltrrwat rtqulrtd by law
CHOPRA.IFEIncorpornted
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND - Not Detected
NYS DOH ELAP # 10954
» <* *\ut\naaoNYllOOIt It
Ctiot
Client: Sunco Technologies, lac.p O Box 736North To«v»aude. NY 14 UO
Attention: Jason NeudcckProject Reference #408853Purchase Order H 21302-2Project: Process Water Analysis
Ace Service!
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project H NY010010Project Manager Dan ReidStart Date: 10/3/2000Report Dale: 11/17/2000
Authorized SignatureeiliaDg Shea, Manager of Analytical Chemistry
Paul S. Cbopra, Lahoralory Director
Sample 0 Lab*Sample Vessel - Size
Sampling DaleAnalyte Group
Analysis Results TableMatrix Location /Comment Analytical Sample AnalysisMethod Anatyle Sensitivity Concentration Date
Samples submitted by Samco Technologic*. Inc. on 1 1/15/2000A-4002S-S 503424t'laslic Motile -230 ml
(•arfwBfa* JOMM
A-4002S-6 S0342SPlasticHmile-2SOml
A -40015 7 503426
Plastic Hnttle - 250 ml
1 ins/2000 4:00:00 PMChromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
11/15/2000 4:00:00 PMChroouum VI -Water
Chromium - Water -Total
1 I/I 5/2000 4:00:00 PMChromium VI - Water
Chromium - Water - Total
WaterSW8467I96A Chromium VI 25mA. 119 u&/L 11/16/00
SW84660IO/ICP Chromium 5uj/L 120 ug/1.
WaterSW8467I96A Chromium VI 25 o|/l. 242^.** 11/16/00
SW 846 6010 /ICP Chromium 5"*/l. 149 ue/l, * *
Water
SWS467I96A aironiurn VI 25uiA. 2H8 u#/L 11/16/00
SWK46 6010 /ICP Chromium 5ui/L 303 Ug/L
CHOPRA IUincorporated
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND = Not Detected
NYSDOUEIj\F# 10954
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£•
BENCH-SCALE TREATABILITY STUDYSUPPLEMENTAL REPORT
ACE SERVICES SITECOLBY, KANSAS
February 22, 2001
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp. SAMCO Technologies, Inc.Overland Park, KS 415 Bryant St.Project No.: 46118 P.O. Box 236
North Tonawanda, NY 14120Telephone: (716)743-9000Contact: Jack Wilcox
CONTENTS
U) 1NTRODUCT1ON................................................................................................................................1
2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH................................................................................................................2
3.0 BENCH-SCALE TESTING ................................................................................................................3
3.1 TEST 01..............................................................................................................................................33.1.1 Equipment................................................................................................................................ 33.1.2 Procedure ................................................................................................................................33 1.3 Results......................................................................................................................................4
3.2 TEST #2..............................................................................................................................................53.2.1 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2.2 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2.3 f l « w / K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ ^
3.3 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................................54.(I ( ON( U N I O N S AM) RECOMMENDATIONS..
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - MANUFACTURER'S DATA SHEETS FOR RESINS USED FOR TESTING
APPENDIX B - ANALYTICAL RESULTS
11
1.0 Introduction
Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp. (BVSPC) is performing remedial services at theAce Services Site in Colby, KS for the U.S. EPA - Region VII. These services includethe construction of a groundwater treatment facility. The facility is to remove hexavalentchromium to less than 17 micrograms per liter, and total chromium to less than 100micrograms per liter. The influent concentration is expected to range from 200 to 1000micrograms per liter hexavalent chromium, at a flow rate of 800-900 gallons per minute.
The treatability study is to include two phases, with Phase 1 consisting of bench-scalestudies and Phase 2 consisting of pilot-scale studies. Phase 2 may or may not beperformed based upon the results of Phase 1. S AMCO Technologies completed Phase 1of the treatability study and submitted a report on November 17, 2000. At the request ofBlack & Veatch. SAMCO has performed additional bench-scale testing to determine ifadjusting the pH of the groundwater and/or filtering with a 0.2-f.im filter prior to resintreatment enhances chromium removal. The results of this additional testing arecontained in this report.
2.0 Technical Approach
Prior to treatabiliry testing, SAMCO Technologies, Inc. performed an evaluation todetermine the resin types that would be capable of meeting the effluent criteria. Thisevaluation suggested that it was likely that strong base anion (SBA) exchange resinswould be the only resins that could be utilized alone to meet the effluent criteria. Also,this evaluation suggested that residual hexavalent chromium left behind after regenerationwould most likely prevent SBA resin from meeting the effluent criteria if used on aregenerable basis. However, it was thought that it may be advantageous to use a weakbase anion (WBA) resin, on a regenerable basis, prior to the SBA resin as a roughing ionexchanger to reduce the frequency of SBA change-outs. Originally, the use of pHadjustment was avoided in an effort to keep the treatment method as simple as possible,and to prevent additional anions from being introduced to the water and subsequentlyoccupying ion exchange sites on the resins that were intended for chromate removal.
The treatability testing performed by SAMCO Technologies, Inc. prior to November 17,2000, indicates that without pH adjustment the use of a WBA resin serves no beneficialpurpose. However, the SBA resins were shown to be capable of meeting the effluentcriteria for hexavalent and total chromium, and the capacities of three SBA resins (priorto exhaustion) were determined.
In order to determine if pH adjustment and/or filtration with a 0.2-^m filter would bebeneficial, two additional test runs were to be performed as follows:
TEST#1:1. Filter the water through a 0.2-u.m filter.2. Lower the pH to 4.5 using HC1.3. Pass water through SBG-2 resin.
TEST #2:1. Pre-treat using 0.2-u.m filter, and adjust the pH to 4.5 as in Test #1.2. Pass water through a WBA (weak base anion) resin, then through the SBG-2
resin.
For Test # 1, the water was to be sampled for hexavalent and total chromium before thefilter, after the filter, and after the resin. For Test #2, the water was to be sampled forhexavalent and total chromium before the filter, after the filter, after the WBA resin, andafter the SBG-2 resin.
SBG-2 was selected as the SBA (strong base anion) resin of choice since previous bench-scale testing had shown it to have the highest capacity of the SBA resins tested. TheWBA resin to be utilized was SIR-700, which is a chromate specific resin.
3.0 Bench-Scale Testing
In bench-scale testing, 25-mL burets filled with 10 mL of resin each were used as resincolumns. The flow rate utilized during both Test #1 and Test #2 was approximately 5.3mL/min, which is equivalent to a service flow rate of 4 gpm/ft3.
3.1 Test #1
3.1.1 EquipmentThe equipment for Test # I consisted of one 25-mL buret, filled with SBG-2 resin. Thetesting equipment also included a reservoir for the influent groundwater sample to allowfor the sample to be fed by gravity through the resin column, and a 0.2-fim cartridge filterprior to the resin column.
3.1.2 ProcedurePrior to any treatment or pretreatment, samples were taken and sent to be analyzed forhexavalent and total chromium.
PretreatmentThe groundwater was pretreated using a 0.2-um filter cartridge. Two 250-mL samples ofthe filtered water were sent to be analyzed for hexavalent and total chromium. The pH ofthe groundwater was then adjusted to 4.5 using HCl. To achieve this, 1.27 mL of 37%HCl were required per gallon of groundwater.
Treatment and SamplingTreatment and sampling for Test #1 was performed as follows:
1) A 25-mL buret was filled with 10 mL of SBG-2 resin.2) The flow rate through the buret was adjusted to 5.3 mL/min (+/- 0.5).3) During the flow rate adjustment, at least two bed volumes of water were
passed through the resin column.4) An initial 250-mL effluent sample was taken from the resin column and the
pH of this sample was recorded. This sample was sent to be analyzed forhexavalent chromium.
5) A second initial 250-mL effluent sample was taken from the resin column.This sample was sent to be analyzed for total chromium.
6) An additional volume of 7000 mL (+/-200) was allowed to pass through theresin bed.
7) A 250-mL effluent sample was taken from the resin column and the pH of thissample was recorded. This sample was sent to be analyzed for hexavalentchromium.
8) A second 250-mL effluent sample was taken from the resin column. Thissample was sent to be analyzed for total chromium.
9) Steps 6 through 8 were repeated until analytical results showed that the totalchromium level exceeded 17 ng/L.
10) A 250-ml effluent sample was taken from the resin column. This sample wassent to be analyzed for chloride and TDS.
11) Based upon the analytical results, the approximate capacity of each resin wascalculated.
3.1.3 ResultsThe results of Test #l are contained in Appendix B, and summarized in Table 1. Theseresults are discussed in Section 3.3 along with the results obtained in Test #2.
Table 1 - Results of Additional Testing
RESIN
none (influent before0 2 urn filter)
M
none (influent after 0.2nm filter)
"
SBG-2 (SBA)M
••"»"•H
«H
Sample #
SBG-2 #2B2SBG-2 #2B1
SBG-2 #2A1SBG-2 #2A2
SBG-2 #201ASBG-2 #201 BSBG-2 #202ASBG-2 #202BSBG-2 #203ASBG-2 #203BSBG-2 #204ASBG-2 #2046SBG-2 #205ASBG-2 #205B
TotalChromium
(M9/L)
—640
...530
—<5.0—
21.0—
20.0—
32.0—
27.0
HexavalentChromium
(H9/L)
643—
543—
<250—
<25.0—
<25.0—
<25.0—
<25.0...
pH
4.6—
4.5—
2.4—5.2—5.2—5.2—5 0».
VolumeTreated*
(mL)
——
——
00
7,5007,75015,00015,25022,50022,75030,00030,250
* volume treated represents the total volume passed through the column prior to catchingthe sample; all sample volumes are given +/- 200 mL
An additional sample was collected after the last samples for hexavalent and totalchromium were taken. This sample was taken after 30,500 (+/- 200) mL of water hadpassed through the resin column. Analytical results for this sample, SBG-2 #205C,showed that the chloride and TDS levels were 200 mg/L and 524 mg/L, respectively.
3.2 Test #2
3.2.1 EquipmentThe equipment for Test #2 consisted of two 25-mL burets, one filled with SBG-2 resinand one filled with SIR-700 resin. The testing equipment also included a reservoir for theinfluent groundwater sample to allow for the sample to be fed by gravity through theresin column, and a 0.2-fim cartridge filter prior to the resin column.
3.2.2 ProcedureTest #2 was initiated using the filtered, pH adjusted sample from Test #l. Test #2 wasnot completed due to the fact that biological growth began to foul the resin shortly afterthe test was begun.
3.2.3 ResultsNo analy t ica l results were obtained for Test #2 prior to fouling of the resin columns.
3.3 DiscussionIn order to be conservative, and considering that the detection limit of hexavalentchromium (25 ng/L) is above the effluent requirement (17 ug/L), the SBA resins columnswere considered exhausted when the total chromium concentration exceeded 17 ng/L.This is a reasonable assumption since numerous analytical results obtained for effluentsamples taken from the various resin columns show that the SBA resins are capable ofremoving the majority of the total chromium. This would not be the case if aconsiderable amount of trivalent chromium were present.
As seen from bench-scale testing, the capacity of the SBG-2 resin prior to exhaustion,expressed as volume of water treatable per volume of resin, is as follows:
SBG-2 - oH adjusted to 4.50 - 7,750 mL per 10 mL OR 0 - 5,800 gal/ft3
SBG-2 - without pH adjust33,420-40,104 mL per lOmL OR 25,000 - 30,000 gal/ft3
Assuming that the average influent total chromium concentration was 600 fig/L, basedupon the influent results, this means that the holding capacity of the resin prior toexhaustion, expressed as mass of chromium per volume of resin, is as follows:
SBG-2 - pH adjusted to 4.50-13.2g/ft3
SBG-2 - without pH adjust56.8-68.1 g/ft3
As can be seen from the above results, adjusting the pH of the groundwater prior to theresin column actually decreased the capacity of the column prior to exhaustion. Noconclusions can be made regarding the effect of pH adjustment upon the performance of\VBA resins or regarding the capacity of SIR-700 since Test #2 was not completed due tofouling of the resin column. This fouling was a result of the extended time period overwhich the water sample was kept, and therefore it is not believed that this would be anissue that effects pilot-scale or full-scale systems.
4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
The treatability study has clearly shown that SB A resin is capable of reducing hexavalentand total chromium levels below the specified treatments levels of 17 ug/L and 100 ug/L,respectively. SBG-2 resin was shown to be the most effective SB A resin for thisapplication. The holding capacity of this resin, prior to breakthrough, without pHadjustment was determined to be approximately 56.8 - 68.1 g/ft3. Adjusting the pH ofthe water to 4.5 prior to treatment reduced the observed holding capacity, prior tobreakthrough, to below 13.2 g/ft3. However, due to the time constraints of bench-scaletesting combined with the limited testing volume available, overall capacities of theresins were not tested.
In designing the full-scale system, it should be taken into consideration that the resinswere considered exhausted when the effluent criteria were exceeded. However, at thatpoint both the WBA and SBA resins have the capacity to remove additional amounts ofchromium, and therefore could still be useful in a "roughing" capacity.
It is recommended that pilot-scale testing be performed to compare the following fourtreatment alternatives:
1. A single-bed DI system using SBG-2 resin on a "throw away" basis2. A two-bed DI system using SIR-700 followed by SBG-2 resin, both used on a
"throw away" basis3. A two-bed DI system consisting of SBG-2 resin used on a regenerable basis,
followed by SBG-2 resin used on a "throw-away" basis4. A two-bed DI system consisting of a WBA resin used on a regenerable basis
followed by SBG-2 resin used on a "throw-away basis".
In any of these scenarios, SBG-2 resin beds should be utilized in series, with a spare bedavailable. This would allow for the additional capacity of the SBG-2 resin to be utilizedprior to "throw away". When the effluent criteria is exceeded, each bed would be movedup one place in the series. The spare bed would then become the polisher and the firstbed in the series would be removed for resin replacement. The optimal number of bedsshould be approximated through pilot-scale testing. However, if the full-scale system isto be designed without the benefit of pilot-scale testing, the option for adding beds to thesystem should be included in the design so that the treatment process can be optimizedupon analyzing the data. If the number of beds is not optimized, too few beds wouldresult in wasting resin prior to utilizing its full capacity, and too many beds wouldunnecessarily increase capital costs associated with the system. These same principleshold true for SIR-700 resin if the second of these scenarios was selected.
Appendix A - Manufacturer's Data Sheets for Resins Used for Testing
RESINTECH™ SBG2ANION EXCHANGE RESI?
TYPE Two GEL, Cl OR OH FOR?.
RESINTECH SBG2 is a high capacity, gelular, Type Two. strongly basic anion resin supplied in thechloride or hydroxide form as moist, tough, uniform, spherical beads. It provides superior regenerationefficiency and greater resistance to organic fouling than Type One strongly basic exchangers ResmTechSBG2 is intended for use in all types of dealkalizatlon, deiomzanon and chemical processing applications.
FEATURES & BENEFITS______________________• COMPLIES WITH FDA REGULATIONS FOR POTABLE WATER APPLICATIONS
Conforms to paragraph 21CFR1 73.25 of the Food Additives Regulations of the F.D.A.
• UNIFORM PARTICLE SIZE95% of all beads are in the minus 16 to plus 40 mesh range, giving a LOWER PRESSURE DROP whilemaintaining the SUPERIOR KINETICS of standard mesh size products.
• SUPERIOR PHYSICAL STABILITYOver 93% sphericity combined with high crush strengths and uniform panic le size provide greaterresistance to bead breakage due to mechanical. ;ht-rm.il <>: osmo t i c s t r e s s ih is r e s u l t s m longer resinlife and lower pressure drop
• ORGANIC FOULING RESISTANCE AND HIGH OPERATING CAPACITYResmTech SBC2's Type Two exchange functionality provides a dramatic increase in regenerationefficiency and superior resistance to organic fouling compared with other types of strongly basicanion exchangers. In cases where natural organics are found. T\ pe Two resins, such as ResmTech SBC2.will retain their original operating capacity longer than Type One resins, such as ResmTech SBC1 orSBG1P operating at similar regeneration levels.
•For potable water applications, the resin must be properly pre treated usually by multiple exhaustion andregeneration cycles, to insure compliance with extractable levels
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
7
6
£ 5
I 4DOl
2 3
:£ 2
1
;0
rea
10 20 30 4O SO 60 70
Flow Rate, GPM/Fl
PRESSURE DROP • The graph above shows theexpected pressure loss per foot of bed depth as afunction of flow rate at various temperatures.
> •'wi
..A
:--t
Flow Rate. CPM/Ft
BACKWASH • A f t e r each cycle the resin bedshould be backwashed at a rate that expands thebed 50 to 75 percent. This will remove any foreignmatter and reclassify the bed. The graph aboveshows The expansion characteristics of ResinTechSBC2 in the chloride form.
CHERRY Hiu., NJ 08034 TEL: (609) 354 1152 FAX: (609) 354 6165
PHYSICAL PROPERTIESPolymer S t r u c t u r eF u n c t i o n a l C roupIonic Form, as shippedPhysical FormScreen Size Dis t r ibut ion
+ 16 mesh (U.S . Std)-40 mesh ( U . S . S td)-50 mesh ( U . S . Std)
pH RangeSpherici tyU n i f o r m i t y Coef f ic ien tWater Retention
C h l o r i d e FormH y d r o x i d e Form
S o l u b i l i t yA p p r o x i m a t e Sh ipp ing Weigh t
Chloride FormHydroxide Form
Swelling Cl to OH FormTotal Capaci ty
Chloride Form( U d r o v t i e f o r m
Styrene Crosslmked DVBR N-(CH 3 ) 2 *X-CH2CH 2 OChloride or HydroxideTough. Spherical Beads16 to 45 Nominal<2 Percent<2 Percent<1 Percent0 to 1493* PercentApprox 1 7
38 to 44 Percent43 to 50 Percen tI n s o l u b l e
44 Ibs/ft41 Ibs/ft10 to 15 Percent
1 45 meq/ml mm1 }0 meq ml r u i n
SUGGESTED OPERATING CONDITIONSM a x i m u m Tempera ture
Hydroxide FormSalt Form
M i n i m u m Bed DepthBackwash RateRegenerant ConcentrationRegeneran t Flow RateRegeneran t Contac t TimeRegenerant LevelDisplacement Rinse RateDisplacement Rinse VolumeFast Rinse RateFast Rinse VolumeService Flow Rate
95°F170°F24 inches50 to 75% Bed Expansion2 to 6%0.25 to 1.0 g p m / f t 1
At least 60 Minu tes4 to 10 Ibs / f t 'Same as Regenerant Flow Rate10 to 15 gal /f t 'Same as Service Flow Rate35 to 60 gal/ft '2 to 4 gpm/ff
OPERATING CAPACITYThe operating capacity of ResinTech SBC2 for acid removalat various regeneration levels when treating an influent of500 ppm of HCI, as CaCC^. is shown in the following table.
PoundsNaOH/ft' , i-
4 ,'•' ':.'•>* .*i
6 ;• .. . - ' • ,y81O12
v- Capacity::"': Kilograins/ft'*>••<&!§» 21.0'.. •:.-•.- 22.5' :':. • > • : > ' ? 23.S
vv 24.4Ti#X', 24.9
The salt s p l i t t i n g capaci ty of ResmTech SBC2. at variousregenerat ion levels, based on an i n f l u e n t water con ta in ing500 ppm of NaCl . as CaCC>3. is shown in the fo l l owingtable.
PoundsNaOH/ftJ
4681012
CapacityKilograins/fft*
19.520.721.622.222.6
APPLICATIONSDemineralizationResmTech SBG2 is genera l ly used in both m u l t i p l e andmixed bed deiomzat ion systems where its t remendousope ra t i ng capac i t y is best u t i l i z e d . I ts use should berestricted to where water temperatures are less than 85°Fand carbon dioxide p l u s s i l i c a do not exceed 40% of theexchangeable anions.
In m u l t i p l e bed d e i o m z a t i o n sys tems, the i n l e t w a t e rsuppK is f i r s t passed t h r o u g h a cat ion exchange resin sucha s R e s i n l e c h C C S . C C 1 U o r S A C M P o p e r a t i n g i n t h ehydrogen t o r m The ac id i c e f f l u e n t f r o m the ca t ion r e s in i spassed into the anion exchange resin ei ther direct ly or a f t e rdegasif icat ion.In mixed bed operations, both cat ion and anion are mixedin a s ingle u n i t to provide the u l t i m a t e in high pu r i ty froma d e i o m z a t i o n s y s t e m . In m a n y cases , a m i x e d beddeiomzer wil l follow a two bed deiomzation system, ac t ingas a polisher removing any residual dissolved solids fromthe anion effluent. The ultimate application for the eff luentwater wi l l determine the degree of purity required and thetype of equipment necessary.
ResinTech SBC2 is less susceptible to becoming fouled bynaturally occurring organics and can often be used alone asa "working resin" on waters that would normally requireextensive pretreatment or an organic scavenger ahead ofthe demmerahzer.DcalkalizationResinTech SBG2 can be regenerated with sodium chlorideand used to remove alkalinity, without the use of acid. Asmall amount of sodium hydroxide is generally mixed withthe salt to obtain a higher operating capacity. A regenerationlevel of 5 pounds of salt mixed with .25 pounds of causticper cubic foot will provide an operating capacity of up to 15Kgrs. per cubic foot on waters containing 100% alkalinity.
OTHER APPLICATIONSNitrate RemovalResinTech SBC2 can be used in the chloride cycle to reduceni t ra tes . Consul t our technica l depar tment for detai ledi n f o r m a t i o n a n d p e r f o r m a n c e c o m p a r i s o n s b e t w e e nResinTech SBC2 and ResinTech SIR-100 (ni t ra te specific).Oxygen RemovalResinTech SBC2 in the sulf i te form can be used to removeoxygen f rom demmeralized or distilled water. Consult ourt e c h n i c a l department for detailed in format ion .
"CAUTION: DO NOT MIX ION EXCHANGE RESINS WITH STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS. N i t r i c acid and other strong ox id iz ingagents can cause explosive reactions when mixed wi th organic materials, such as ion exchange resms.
RESINTECH is a trademark of RESINTECH INC.These sugges t ions and data are based on i n f o r m a t i o n we be l ie \e to be re l iable . They are o f fe red in good f a i t h . However , we do not makeany g u a r a n t e e or war ran ty We caution against using these products in an unsafe manner or in violation of any patents f u r t h e r , we
• - - . . . . . • ,h:<"\ f.T 'hr nnsenuences of ,in\ such actions
RESINTECH® SIR-700ANION EXCHANGE RESIN
CHROMATE SELECTIVE
INNOVATIONS INION EXCHANGE
RESINTECH SIR-700 is a unique ion exchange resin which is extremely selective for chromate and fordichromate. Chromate selectivity is highest when the operating pH is less than 6.5. Under ideal operatingconditions, the resin is able to remove more than seven pounds of chromium (as Cr) per cubic foot in single useapplications. RESINTECH SER-700 is a singularly outstanding product for groundwater remediation and tracechrome removal.
FEATURES & BENEFITS_____________________• LOW PRESSURE DROP
The coarse particle size and uniformity of the granules gives low pressure drop over long operational cycles.
• HIGHLY SELECTIVEAble to selectively remove twice as much chrome in the hexavalent form at pH as high as 6.5 as conventionalresins.
• SUITABLE FOR DIRECT DISCHARGE APPLICATIONSRESINTECH SIR-700 can be supplied at a buffered pH range at near neutral pH's to avoid or minimizecomplications arising from the need to meet effluent pH guidelines.
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIESPRESSURE DROP - The graph below shows the expected BACKWASH - After each cycle the resin bed should bepressure loss per foot of bed depth as a function of flow backwashed at a rate that expands the bed 50 to 75rate, at various water temperatures. percent This will remove any foreign matter or fines and
reclassify the bed.Pressure Loss Data
ResinTecri SIR-700
10 15GPM/Sq.FL
100
| 80
cg- 60UJ
I 40
20
Backwash Expansion DataResinTecri SIR-700
eor.8TF
2 3GPM/Sq.Ft.
1980 OLD CUTHBERT ROAD • CHERRY HILL, NJ 08034-1409 • TEL: (856) 354-1152 • FAX: (856) 354-633;E-MAIL: Lxresin^resintech.com • www.resintech.com
RESINTECH SIR-700
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Resin TypeTotal volume capacitySalt splitting capacityApprox. shipping weightScreen size distributionUniformity coefficientPolymer structureFunctional groupsExchange capacity fordichromate
Free pH of resin inDI water
Swelling, free base tosulfate form
Percent conversion tosuifate form
Weakly basic anionGreater than 2.7 meq/ralLess than 0.4 meq/ml38 Ib/cu. ft12 to 50 meshLess than 2.0 ~-Epoxy polyamioeProprietary amine
Up to 7 ibs (as chrome)percu-ft*
3.5 to 4.0
Approx. 8%
Greater than 90%
• Capacity is optimized when pH is below 5, inletchrome is greater than 10 ppm, inlet TDS is less than100 ppm, and the chrome removal units are operatedin series so that the primary units are fully utilizedFor other operating conditions, contact Resin Tech.
SUGGESTED OPERATING RESULTS
Maximum temperatureMaximum free chlorineMinimum bed depthMaximum pressure lossBackwash expansionService flow rateLinear velocityPH
37-G (100'F)0.3 ppm —2ft.20PSI25 to 50%! to 2 GPM/cu. ft.2 to 8 GPM/sq. ft.less than 6.5»»
•• For applications where the pH is higher than 6.5,contact ResinTech for performance guidelines.
Effect of pH on Capacity for Chromate20 ppm Cr
HI
0.8
0.4
a:
-a D D a D-BaOOOppmd
2000 ppm S( 4
1 I I I I I I I
EXAMPLES OF OPERATING RESULTS
Case 1 - Groundwater Remediation
In Jet TDSOperating pHFlow rateInlet ChromePrimary Capacityleakage
Approx. 504 to 52 gpm/cu.ft.10 to 20 ppm7.2 lb/cu.ft (as Cr) Polisher< 0.05 ppm
Case 2 - Groundwater Remediation
Inlet TDSOperating pHFlow rateInlet ChromePrimary CapacityPolisher leakage
Approx. 2007 to 82 gpm/cu.ft.0.2 ppm0.2 Ib/cu.ft.< 0.01 ppm
Case 3 - Cooling Tower Blow Down
Inlet TDSOperating pHFkrwrateInlet ChromePrimary CapacityPolisher leakage
Approx. 20005 to 62 gpm/cu.ft.0.4 ppm0.1 lb/cu.ft<0.05 ppm
These are typical values for the waters shown for performancepredictions treating other waters, fax or email the water analysis toResmTech. fax 609-354-6165, email: [email protected].
Chromate Leakage under acidic conditions5 l«tl »•» 1 pM<Cr « fit «lkj*nt
?„.
"!••
a «2000 4000 (000
••• VtkUMi »4 Thrw-»ut
3PH
• Ciudon: DO NOT MIX ION EXCHANGE RESGSS WfTH STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS. Nitric acid and other stronf oiidinofaft a a can cause eiplosive reactkNU whea auxed with orjinic materials, tuck as too exchange resins.RESINTECH is « trademark of RESINTECH DSC.These sufsesaoos «od data m based oo ipfnraaoaf we bdieve to be reliable. They an offend • good failh. However, we do not make any tuanotee r warranty Wecaution afaiast ustaf d>cse products IB an iiuafc MBacr or io violaooa of aay patena; fanfaa, vcanumeao liabiUry for d>c caascqucnca of any ucb acDooi.i i Mm « I I M I uTm in i iri i m«i iu»» __ ___________
Appendix B - Analytical Results
Clicnlr Samco Technologies, Inc.P o Box 2)6North ToMMtndi. NY 14120
Attention: Jason NeudeckProject Reference #Purchase Order #Project: Liquid Analysis for Total & Hei Chromium
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project K NY 101089Project Manager. Dan KeidStart Date: 1/15/2001Report Dale: 1/19/2001
J\ ]<?
Sample # Lab # Sampling DateSample Vessel - Size Analyte Group
AnalysisMatrixMethod
Autuonzed SiRnature ' \* — JV/_/ . N^V-TTY —— —[J Peiliang Sben, Manager'of Analytical Chemistry
S> 1 Paul S. Chopra, Laboratory Director
Results TableLocation / Comment *,.i^i i o i A i •Analytical Sample AnalysisAnalyte Seusilivity Conceutration Date
Samples submitted by Samco Technologies, Inc. on 1/17/2001SHG-242A1 506995Plastic UoMlc- 2 50 mL Chromium VI - Water
SBC-202A2 506996Plastic Dolllc - 250 ml. Chromium - Waler - Total
tvtttifvtftl 506W4
SRG-2»2D1 506997Pluric Boltle - 250 mL Chromium - Waler - Total
vwJaf Honlc-V MM9V7
SBG-2M2B2 506998Plastic Bottle - 2 50 ml. Chromium VI - Wata
uJrfumifc* )0»*tl
SBG-2K101B 506999Plastic Boltle - 250 mL Chromium - Water - Total
^L^LS Grand Island, NY 14072
WalrrSW 846 7 196 A
WaterSW 846 6010 / tCP
WaterSW84660IO/ICP
WalerSWI467I96A
WaterSW8466010/ICP
ND =
*1£.*)A vl\/o
Chromium VI 25 ug/L 543 u«/L 1/17/01
Clirnuiiuni 5 tg/I. 530 ug/L 1/18/01
Clmimium 5 ufc/1. 640 ug/l. I / IR /OI
Chromium VI 25 ug/L 543 ug/L 1/17/01
Chromium 5 ug/L <5 00 U(/L 1/11/01
NotDctocled '«»•« > •' 'o^uiotn i/iwnoil<teuUY« NYIOIC** t
.
Analysis ResnHs Table
Stfople # Lab tfSample VeMel - Sue
SBG-2W101A 507000Plastic Bollle - 2SO mL
n4c<>w<<t« JOlOOoSDG-2»Z01B 507001Plastic Uollle - 250 mL
c*4«r»«MU» MN»I
SBG-2M202A 507002Plastic Bollle - 250 roL
t.!rf>ral<» WWfl
Sampliog DoleAjitJylc Gnjop
Chromium VI - Wrter
Chromium - NVmier - ToUl
Chromium VI - Witter
MatrixMethod
WaterSW 846 7 196 A
WaterSW«4660IO/ICP
WaterSW8467I96A
I xKation / CommertAnalyte
Chromium VI
Chiomium
Chiomium VI
AnalyticalSensitivity
2 Sue/l.
5»»/L
25 ug/L
SampleContxntnlion
<25.0 ug/L
21.0 njA,
<25.0u»/L
AnalysisDate
1/17/01
I/IWOI
1/17/0 1
HIM* ruulu an mibnlltoa'pvrmant to Cttofm-Ln. Inc. 'i c*rr**l ttma mini tondllloiu a/talt. fctcWtoj rt« company'* ilandard warranty and limitation o/llatllfly prmliioni. No rtiporutHI/ry or liability Itauvmedfor Mr manmr hi wA/cA tht niulti art usul or InltrprtHil Thru ntulu pertain only to Itn Mroii tnltJ. Unit it nottfad in writing In it turn Ihe samples i-ovtnJ by itrtt report Chopro-L**, Inc. rilll jlortwhat rtmaitu of the samples for a period of 15 day* before dlicardtat- unltsi cOrtrwia nevlstd ty law.
CIIOPRA-LEEIncorpo " id
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND - Not Detectedm»,iroi
10954 i 1 lihu.Utl«V IflC
Client: Samco Technologies, Inc.r O Box 236North Tonswandi, NY U120
Attention: Jason NeodeckProject Reference 8Purchase Order ftProject: Liquid Analysis for Total & Hex Chromium
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project # NYI01089Project Manager: Dan RcidStart Date: 1/15/2001Report Date: 1/23/2001
Authorized SignaturefcT) Peiliang Shen, Manager of Analytical Chemistrym Paul S. Criopra, Laboratory Director
Sample * Labff Sampling DateSample Vessel - Size Analylc Group
Analysij Result* TableMattU Location / CommentMethod Analyte
Analytical Sample AoalytisSensitivity Concentration Date
Samples submitted by Saxnco Technologies, Inc. on 1/22/2001SBC-2-103B 507459Plastic Bottle- 250 mL Chromium - Water • Total
SBC-2-203A 507460Plastic Hotllc - 250 mL Chromium VI - Water
SBG-2-204B 5Q746IPlastic Ht>Hle- 250 mL Chromium - Water - Total
ftttofunfici V/THISBG-2-204A 507462Plastic Bottle -250 ml. Chromium VI - Water
SBG-2-205B 507463Plastic Uoltlc - 250 ml. Chromium - Water - Total
WaUrSWS4o60IO/lCP Chromium
WaterSWM67196A Chromium VI
WaterSW S46 6010 / ICT Ctiromhua
WiterSWK467I96A Chromium VI
WaterSWM66010/ICP Chromium
^PH 1815 Love Road ND - Not Detected^k^bfi Grand Island, NY 14072CMoHHf! 716-773-7625 FAX 7 1 6-773 -7624 NYSDOMBLAPfl 109S4Incorporated
5 og/L 20.0 ng/L 1/23/01
25uj/t. <25.0 uj/1. 1/23/01
5 ug/1. 32.0 ut/L 1/23/01
25 ua/L <25.0 uj/1. 1/23/01
5 UB/I. 27.0 ug/1. 1/23/01
RffonDa* lovuoi1 i>»ni| 1 KVIOIOI* 0
r\j
c
UJ
15ry
~UPN.24.2001 8=01PMNO. 193 P. 3
I
ea
-r '~j -a•" 3 c• s <
nO
2 2 1 *C
Q-<5ii
3S
•9~ aK
11
ts «r
i
I!is
ni!Q MIf
*
JJ
snt1
I I?
Ji l
"o7.u
UJ
iCO
-r2r-r-
COo
S132 S P
lUJtl
Client: Samcu Technologies, Inc.VOUo»l36North ToiMwanda. NY 14120
Attention: Jason NcudeckProject Reference H408853Purchase Order #Project: Liquid Analysis for Total A Hci Chromium
Ace Services
Laboratory ReportLaboratory Project W NY10IOR9Project Manager: Dan RcidStart Date: 1/15/2001Report Dale: 2/20/2001
mr\jh-«
N
rvj
Authorized SignaturePeiliang Sherv, M a g e r of Analytical ChemistryPaul S. Chopra, Laboratory Director
Sample # Lfib ttSample Vessel - Si?e
Sampling DateAnalyle Group
Analysis Result*ManixMethod
TableIxjtation / Comment
AnalytcAnalyticalSensitivity
SampleConcentration
AnalysisDate
Samples .submitted by Samco Technologic*. Inc. on 2/16^2001SBC-2 «OSC 510154
t'laitic UolXle - 25(1 ml.tAlalmtlit Mini*
Chloride iii WaterToUl Dissolved Solids
WaterSM184500CI-U
SM Ift 2540 C/Gr«viraclricChloride (CI-)
Toul Diuolvcd Sulids OT)S)
I mg/1.
1 mtA.
200 m(/l.
524 rot/I.
2/20/01
Th*n rtrulti an rubmtlltd purivml lo CHofiro- Iff. Inc. 'l airnnl Hrmt and candHtont nfttlt. intruding Ihi campaxy't itonaimt warranty and limitation of liability pnvltloru No ntftnnilklliry or llaetltry aauvm*dfor In* manner In wMck iht rwnluart and or Mtrpnitd. TntH nntlli ptrleln tmfy lo iht Htmi HHtd. Unlui notffifJ In wrttrnic to return iht sampln covrrid by f'i<* rtporl Chopra-L*», Inc. willilorevhot nmolni of the lomplufor a ptriod. of IS dayt bffort dltcarding. imlui atntrwlte rtqutnd by law.
O
(D(S
C»lOPRA-LtEIncorporotad
1815 Love RoadGrand Island, NY 14072716-773-7625 FAX 716-773-7624
ND = No! Detected
NYSDOHELAPtt 10954
i «f i1/lTVJOOIKV1010M 9
1]
ro
Ctot
